Exercise 6: Hydrocarbons

REAGENT

Cyclohexane

Cyclohexene

PROPERTIES
Appearance: Colorless liquid.
Odor: Chloroform-like odor;
solvent odor; mild sweet odor
Molecular Weight: 84.16 g/mole
Boiling Point: 80.7C (177.3F)
Melting Point: 6.47C (43.6F)
Solubility: Soluble in methanol.
Insoluble in cold water.

HAZARDS
Slightly hazardous in case of skin
contact (irritant, permeator), of
eye contact (irritant), of ingestion,
of inhalation.

Appearance: Colorless liquid.

Molecular Weight: 82.15 g/mole
Boiling Point: 82.8C (181F)
Melting Point: -103.7C (154.7F)
Solubility: Insoluble in cold
water

Very hazardous in case of

ingestion. Hazardous in case of
eye contact (irritant), of
inhalation. Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact (irritant).
The substance is toxic to lungs.
Repeated or prolonged exposure
to the substance can produce
target organs damage.

Keep away from heat. Keep away

from sources of ignition. Ground
all equipment containing material.
Do not breathe gas/ fumes/
vapour/spray. Avoid contact with
eyes Wear suitable protective
clothing In case of insufficient
ventilation, wear suitable
respiratory equipment If you feel
unwell, seek medical attention
and show the label when possible.

Appearance: Clear, colorless to

slightly yellow liquid.

Very hazardous in case of eye

contact (irritant), of inhalation.

Keep locked up. Keep away from

heat. Keep away from sources of

The substance may be toxic to

kidneys, liver, cardiovascular
system, central nervous system
(CNS). Repeated or prolonged
exposure to the substance can
produce target organs damage.

PRECAUTIONS
Keep away from heat. Keep away
from sources of ignition. Ground
all equipment containing material.
Do not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear
suitable protective clothing. In
case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory
equipment. If ingested, seek
medical advice immediately and
show the container or the label.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Keep away from incompatibles
such as oxidizing agents.

Benzene

Toluene

Odor: Aromatic. Gasoline-like,

rather pleasant. (Strong.)
Molecular Weight: 78.11 g/mol
Boiling Point: 80.1 (176.2F)
Melting Point: 5.5C (41.9F)
Solubility: Miscible in alcohol,
chloroform, carbon disulfide oils,
carbon tetrachloride, glacial
acetic acid, diethyl ether, acetone.
Very slightly soluble in cold
water.

Hazardous in case of skin contact

(irritant, permeator), of ingestion.
Inflammation of the eye is
characterized by redness,
watering, and itching.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS:
Classified POSSIBLE for human.
Mutagenic for mammalian
somatic cells. Mutagenic for
bacteria and/or yeast.
The substance is toxic to blood,
bone marrow, central nervous
system (CNS). The substance
may be toxic to liver, Urinary
System. Repeated or prolonged
exposure to the substance can
produce target organs damage.

ignition. Ground all equipment

containing material. Do not
ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/
vapor/spray. In case of
insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment. If
ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the
container or the label. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Keep
away from incompatibles such as
oxidizing agents, acids.

Appearance: Colorless liquid.

Odor: Sweet, pungent, Benzenelike.
Molecular Weight: 92.14 g/mole
Boiling Point: 110.6C (231.1F)
Melting Point: -95C (-139F)
Solubility: Soluble in diethyl
ether, acetone. Practically
insoluble in cold water. Soluble in
ethanol, benzene, chloroform,
glacial acetic acid, carbon
disulfide. Solubility in water:
0.561 g/l @ 25 deg. C.

Hazardous in case of skin contact

(irritant), of eye contact (irritant),
of ingestion, of inhalation.
Slightly hazardous in case of skin
contact (permeator). The
substance may be toxic to blood,
kidneys, the nervous system,
liver, brain, central nervous
system (CNS). Repeated or
prolonged exposure to the
substance can produce target
organs damage.

Keep away from heat. Keep away

from sources of ignition. Ground
all equipment containing material.
Do not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear
suitable protective clothing. In
case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory
equipment. If ingested, seek
medical advice immediately and
show the container or the label.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Keep away from incompatibles

such as oxidizing agents.

Acetylene

Dicholoromethane

10% NaOH

Appearance: Colorless gas

Odor: Acetylene of 100% purity
is odorless, but commercial
acetylene has a distinctive, garliclike odor.
Molecular Weight: 26.04 g/mol
Boiling Point: -75.2C (103.4F)
Melting Point: -82.2C (-116F)

Flammable gas under pressure.

Can form explosive mixtures with
air. Fusible plugs in top, bottom,
or valve melt at 208-224F (98107C). Do not discharge at
pressures above 15 psig (103
kPa). May cause dizziness and
drowsiness.
Self-contained breathing
apparatus may be required by
rescue workers.

Keep away from heat, sparks, and

open flame. Use only spark-proof
tools and explosion-proof
equipment. Never use acetylene
at pressures exceeding 15 psig
(103.5 kPa). Can cause rapid
suffocation due to oxygen
deficiency. Close valve after each
use; keep closed even when
empty. Arcs and sparks can ignite
combustible materials. Prevent
fires.

Appearance: Colorless liquid

Boiling point: 39.8 - 40 C
(103.6 - 104 F)
Melting point/freezing point:
-97 C (-143 F)
Solubility: slightly soluble in
water

Harmful if swallowed. Causes

skin and eye irritation. Suspected
of causing cancer. May be
harmful if inhaled. Causes
respiratory tract irritation.
Harmful if absorbed through skin.

Use personal protective

equipment. Avoid breathing
vapors, mist or gas. Ensure
adequate ventilation. Evacuate
personnel to safe areas. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Avoid
inhalation of vapor or mist.

Appearance: Colorless liquid.

Odor: Odorless.
Molecular Weight: Not
applicable.
Boiling Point: The lowest known
value is 100C (212F) (Water).
Melting Point: Not available.
Solubility: Easily soluble in cold

Very hazardous in case of skin

contact (irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion. Hazardous
in case of skin contact (corrosive,
permeator), of eye contact
(corrosive). Slightly hazardous in
case of inhalation (lung
sensitizer). Non-corrosive for

Keep locked up. Keep container

dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never
add water to this product. In case
of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment. If
ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

water.

lungs. Liquid or spray mist may

produce tissue damage
particularly on mucous
membranes of eyes, mouth and
respiratory tract. Skin contact
may produce burns. Inhalation of
the spray mist may produce
severe irritation of respiratory
tract, characterized by coughing,
choking, or shortness of breath.
Severe over-exposure can result
in death. Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by redness,
watering, and itching. Skin
inflammation is characterized by
itching, scaling, reddening, or,
occasionally, blistering.

container or the label. Avoid

contact with skin and eyes. Keep
away from incompatibles such as
metals, moisture.

Appearance: Colorless liquid.

(Thick oily liquid.)
Odor: Odorless, but has a
choking odor when hot.
Molecular Weight: 98.08 g/mole
Boiling Point: 270C (518F) 340 deg. C Decomposes at 340
deg. C
Melting Point: -35C (-31F) to
10.36 deg. C (93% to 100%
purity)
Solubility: Easily soluble in cold
water. Sulfuric is soluble in water

Very hazardous in case of skin

contact (corrosive, irritant,
permeator), of eye contact
(irritant, corrosive), of ingestion,
of inhalation. Liquid or spray
mist may produce tissue damage
particularly on mucous
membranes of eyes, mouth and
respiratory tract. Skin contact
may produce burns. Inhalation of
the spray mist may produce
severe irritation of respiratory
tract, characterized by coughing,

Keep locked up. Keep container

dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never
add water to this product. In case
of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment. If
ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the
container or the label. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Keep
away from incompatibles such as
oxidizing agents, reducing agents,
combustible materials, organic

Bromine

with liberation of much heat.

Soluble in ethyl alcohol.

choking, or shortness of breath.

Severe over-exposure can result
in death. Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by redness,
watering, and itching. Skin
inflammation is characterized by
itching, scaling, reddening, or,
occasionally, blistering.

materials, metals, acids, alkalis,

moisture. May corrode metallic
surfaces. Store in a metallic or
coated fiberboard drum using a
strong polyethylene inner
package.

Appearance: Red-Brown (Dark)

Liquid.
Odor: Pungent. Suffocating.
(Strong.)
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 159.808
g/mole
Boiling Point: 58.78C (137.8F)
Melting Point: -7.25C (18.9F)
Solubility: Easily soluble in
diethyl ether. Very slightly
soluble in cold water. Freely
soluble in alcohol, chloroform,
carbon disulfide, carbon
tetrachloride, concentrated
hydrochloric acid, and aqueous
solution of bromides.

Very hazardous in case of skin

contact (corrosive). Hazardous in
case of skin contact (irritant,
permeator), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, of
inhalation. Liquid or spray mist
may produce tissue damage
particularly on mucous
membranes of eyes, mouth and
respiratory tract. Skin contact
may produce burns. Inhalation of
the spray mist may produce
severe irritation of respiratory
tract, characterized by coughing,
choking, or shortness of breath.
Severe over-exposure can result
in death.

Keep locked up. Keep container

dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never
add water to this product. In case
of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment. If
ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the
container or the label. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Keep
away from incompatibles such as
reducing agents, combustible
materials, organic materials.

Appearance: Clear, colorless

liquid
Odor: Ammonia
Boiling point: N/A

May cause burns or severe

irritation. May cause irritation,
permanent corneal damage, burns
or blindness. May cause pain,

Personal protective equipment

and clothing is recommended
during all cleanup procedures.
Eliminate all ignition sources,

Ammoniacal AgNO3

Nitric acid, HNO3

Melting point: N/A

Solubility: Soluble in water.

burns to respiratory tract,

inflammation of lungs or sore
throat. May cause pain, burning
to mouth and throat, vomiting,
diarrhea, bluish discoloration of
skin, coma or death. Toxic to
aquatic organisms, may cause
long-term adverse effects in the
aquatic environment.

stop or control leak.

Appearance: Colorless to light

yellow liquid.
Odor: Acrid. Disagreeable and
choking. (Strong.)
Molecular Weight: Not
applicable.
Boiling Point: 121C (249.8F)
Melting Point: -41.6C (-42.9F)
Solubility: Easily soluble in cold
water, hot water. Soluble in
diethyl ether.

Very hazardous in case of skin

contact (corrosive, irritant,
permeator), of eye contact
(irritant, corrosive), of ingestion.
Slightly hazardous in case of
inhalation (lung sensitizer).
Liquid or spray mist may produce
tissue damage particularly on
mucous membranes of eyes,
mouth and respiratory tract. Skin
contact may produce burns.
Inhalation of the spray mist may
produce severe irritation of
respiratory tract, characterized by
coughing, choking, or shortness
of breath. Prolonged exposure
may result in skin burns and
ulcerations. Over-exposure by
inhalation may cause respiratory
irritation. Severe over-exposure
can result in death. Inflammation

Keep locked up. Keep container

dry. Keep away from heat. Keep
away from sources of ignition.
Keep away from combustible
material. Do not ingest. Do not
breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray.
Never add water to this product.
In case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory
equipment. If ingested, seek
medical advice immediately and
show the container or the label.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Keep away from incompatibles
such as reducing agents,
combustible materials, organic
materials, metals, acids, alkalis,
moisture. May corrode metallic
surfaces. Store in a metallic or
coated fiberboard drum using a
strong polyethylene inner

Calcium carbide, CaC2

Appearance: Solid
Molecular Weight: 64.1 g/mole
Melting Point: 2300C (4172F)

of the eye is characterized by

redness, watering, and itching.
Skin inflammation is
characterized by itching, scaling,
reddening, or, occasionally,
blistering.

package.

Hazardous in case of ingestion, of

inhalation. Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact (irritant), of
eye contact (irritant). The
substance is toxic to lungs,
mucous membranes. Repeated or
prolonged exposure to the
substance can produce target
organs damage.

Keep away from heat. Keep away

from sources of ignition. Ground
all equipment containing material.
Do not breathe dust. Wear
suitable protective clothing In
case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory
equipment If you feel unwell,
seek medical attention and show
the label when possible. Keep
away from incompatibles such as
oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis,
moisture.