Arduino Controlled CNC 3D Printer

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Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer

by aldricnegrier on December 23, 2013
Table of Contents
Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intro: Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 1: Understanding the 3 Dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 2: The BuildersBot OpenSource Sketchup Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 3: The BuildersBot Stainless Steel Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 4: Y Axis - Guide System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Step 5: X Axis - Guide System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Step 6: Y Axis - Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Step 7: X Axis - Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Step 8: Z Axis Guide and Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Step 9: The temporary CNC Bed Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Step 10: The Electronics Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Step 11: Wiring the Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Step 12: Red Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Step 13: 3D Printer Hot End and Extruder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Step 14: RGB Led Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Step 15: The Arduino firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Related Instructables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Controlled-CNC-3D-Printer/
Author:aldricnegrier
Aldric Negrier
Intro: Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer

The BilderBerg is finally here ... oops ... sorry, i meant the BuildersBot :)
The objective of this instructable is to guide your way throw the entire making process of building a BuildersBot machine. An Arduino controlled CNC Router that can
also perform 3D printing.
The instructions will cover all areas such as, mechanics, electronics and software.
But before you go any further take a look at machine's design:
And also the machine in action:
Step 1: Understanding the 3 Dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System

Before we get started, a brief explanation on the 3 dimensional Cartesian coordinate system:
"The 3 dimensional Cartesian coordinate system consists of three number lines, labeled X, Y and Z, set at 90 degree angles to each other. The origin, is
where the three axes cross each other."
The BuildersBot works/moves within a 3 dimensional Cartesian coordinate System, allowing the machine to position its tool (drill bit or hot end) in any location inside the 3
dimensional work space.
The X axis will move the tool from left to right, the Y axis will move the tool from back to forth and finally the Z axis will move the tool up and down inside the work area.
In summary: The 3 dimensional work space is mapped using XYZ coordinates, this means that we can precisely control the position of the tool holder inside the work
space.
Step 2: The BuildersBot OpenSource Sketchup Design

Download the attached sketch file to access the BuildersBot OpenSource Design. The design is in metric system and is in 1 by 1 scale.
File Downloads
AutoSave_AutoSave_CNC6.skp (8 MB)
[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'AutoSave_AutoSave_CNC6.skp']
Step 3: The BuildersBot Stainless Steel Frame

The objective: Build a chassi frame made from rectangular and square stainless steel tubes.
The chassis is composed by 11 stainless steel parts (for dimensions consult the 3d sketch).
- 4 rectangular tubes on the bottom of the chassis
- 4 square tubs positioned vertically
- 3 rectangular tubes on the top frame
Tools:
- MIG welder
- Angle grinder and cutting tool
- Drill machine
- Carbide drill bit ( 6.5mm )
Instructions:
1- Using a cutting tool:
- Cut 2 stainless steel rectangular tube with 50x20x750mm that will function as the bottom vertices of the frame
- Cut 2 stainless steel rectangular tube with 50x20x750mm that will function as the bottom vertices of the frame
- Cut 4 stainless steel square tubs with 50X50x250mm that will function as the vertical pillars of the frame
- Cut 1 rectangular stainless steel tube with 60x20x750mm (that will function as the bottom vertices of the frame)
- Cut 2 rectangular stainless steel tube with 60x20x750mm (that will function as the bottom vertices of the frame)
2 - Tap and drill 12 holes with 6.5mm diameter in both upper parallel rails (according to the position of the holes of the calibrated rail supports) (for distances consult the
3d sketch).
3 - Weld the 4 rectangular tubs that make the bottom frame. Be careful to align the tubes perfectly. Next weld the 4 vertical
columns, and finally the 3 renaming top tubes that from an open frame.
4 - After welding all the tubes together, use angle grinder to trim the excess weld from the welding points.
5 - Clean the chassis with special acid for stainless steal , and finally polish it with any appropriate material.
Step 4: Y Axis - Guide System

The Y axis guide system is composed by two parallel supported round rails. A round rail provides the linear guide path for bearing blocks to traverse along its length. This
type of rail has precision tolerances is around 0.1mm per meter. The support of the rail is made from aluminum.
You will need 4 SBR20UU Linear Ball Bearing Support, two for each side, and two 20mm diameter 800mm length sported round rails. You will also need 28 6mm screws
with 33mm length and 28 nuts.
Attach the round rail guides on top of the chssis and screw them in place, carefully align the 2 round rail's parallel to each other before final tightening.
NOTE: To avoid propagation of vibration from aluminum isolate the stainless steel chassis from the aluminum rail support using some type of rubber (i used synthetic
ultraleather)
Step 5: X Axis - Guide System

The X axis guide system is composed by two parallel supported round rails one under the other. In between the two supported rails are two L shaped 15mm aluminum
plates(dimensions in sketchup file). These plates have 6.5mm holes in them in order to attache to the supported rails and also to the bearing block of the y axis (4 6.5mm
holes for each bearing).
You will need 4 SBR20UU Linear Ball Bearing blocks, two for each side, and two 20mm diameter 700mm length sported round rails. You will also need 24 6mm crews
with 33mm length and 24 nuts.
Before mounting the X Axis on top of the Y Axis, you need to insert 4 leaner bearing blocks on to the round rails, as shown in the figures.
Attach the round rail guides on top of the chssis and screw them in place, carefully align the 2 round rail's parallel to each and perfectly perpendicular to the Y axis other
before final tightening.
Step 6: Y Axis - Transmission System

The Y Axis transmission system is composed by a Timing Belt and Pulleys System. The Y Axis transmission system drives the the the tool holder up and down. The
implementation used is a paired transmission system, this means that there are 2 Timing belts and 4 pulleys to drive the Y axis back and forth.
The System implemented has no reduction, these means that the driving pulley is the same diameter as the idler pulley. I have no performance problems with this setup.
The System is composed by the following items:
2 - 1790-5M-15 Timing Belt
8 - 686-ZZ Shielded Ball Bearing
4 - 20-5M-15 Metric Timing Pulley
4 - Aluminum U shaped pulley support
4 - M6 calibrated shafts for the pulleys
12 - 4M Grub screws ( for the pulley )
Steps:
- Prepare the pulleys by tapping M4 male screw (3 holes spaced by 120 degrees)
- Insert 3 4M grub screw in the tapped holes
- Drill a hole in the center of the pulley to allow the shaft to pass (6mm diameter hole)
- Make bearing housing inside the aluminum U shapes using a manual router end mill
- Insert the bearings inside the housings
- Mount the aluminum U shaped bearing housing on to the frame
- Tighten the belt around the 2 pulleys and lock them in position with good tension
- Attach motor coupling to pulley shaft
Step 7: X Axis - Transmission System

The X Axis transmission system is composed by a Timing Belt and Pulleys System. The X Axis transmission system drives the tool holder left and right. The System
implemented has no reduction, these means that the driving pulley is the same diameter as the idler pulley. I have no performance problems with this setup.
The System is composed by the following items:
2 - 1790-5M-15 Timing Belt
8 - 686-ZZ Shielded Ball Bearing
4 - 20-5M-15 Metric Timing Pulley
4 - Aluminum U shaped pulley support
4 - M6 calibrated shafts for the pulleys
12 - 4M Grub screws ( for the pulley )
Steps:
- Prepare the pulleys by tapping M4 male screw (3 holes spaced by 120 degrees)
- Insert 3 4M grub screw in the tapped holes - Drill a hole in the center of the pulley to allow the shaft to pass (6mm diameter hole)
- Make bearing housing inside the aluminum U shapes using a manual router end mill
- Insert the bearings inside the housings - Mount the aluminum U shaped bearing housing on to the frame - Tighten the belt around the 2 pulleys and lock them in position
with good tension - Attach motor coupling to pulley shaft
Step 8: Z Axis Guide and Transmission System

The Z axis used in this machine has an unorthodox guide and transmission system. The guide system is mounted in a way that it will allow the Z axis to have 22 cm
range. This is quite a big value for small CNC as this one, but it was built in purpose to allow for 3D printing big object. When the CNC is in action the CNC bed is risen to
the appropriate height.
The guide system is composed by the following items:
- 3 15mm Aluminum plates (for sizes please consult the sketchup design)
- 2 supported round rails (16mm)
- 4 SBR16UU Bearing blocks
The transmission system is composed by the following items:
- 3 15mm Aluminum plates (for sizes please consult the sketchup design)
- 1 Ballscrew with Fitted Anti Backlash Ballnut 1605-C7: 350mm Total Length
- 1 Coupling 25mm X 30mm ( Bore Size: 8mm to 12mm)
- 1 Costume made part to attache the Ballnut to the X Axis "bearing wall"
Step 9: The temporary CNC Bed Plate

The CNC bed plate is made out of 2 MDF boards 20mm tick each. They where glued together using wood glue and let to dry for a day or so. The bed was then drilled in a
10cm square matrix of M8 pecked holes.
Note: Most MDF contains formaldehyde, this is a scientifically proven cancer causing agent. I don't recommend the use of MDF, i coated it thoroughly with
varnish in order to isolate the material from the air in my workshop. As soon as i can i will change the bed with other type o wood, because i don't want to
support this kind of materials.
The bed can be placed in different heights depending on the material to mill or object to print.
Step 10: The Electronics Enclosure

The Buildersbot electronics enclosure is made from 7 laser cut acrylic parts. All parts fit together to make the enclosure. The enclosure houses 4 Micro Stepping Drivers,
three power supplies (36V, 36V and 12V) an Arduino Mega and a ramps 1.4 board and also 2 fans for cooling.
The enclosure has rear holes for all exterior wire connections. All stepper drivers are mounted on a acrylic plate and positioned in the middle of the enclosure. The
enclosure is closed using zip-ties. For extra fun there are 4 blue LED's that light up the enclosure when power is on.
The eletroni
Step 11: Wiring the Electronics

The BuilderBot has the following electronics:
- 4 Nema 23 Motor dual shaft 425oz-in
- 4 Driver 4.2A 128MicroDriver
- 3 Power Supplies (36V, 36V and 12V)
- 1 Arduino Mega
- 1 Ramps 1.4 Board (for CNC milling and 3D printing)
- Smart Controller LCD
- 6 End Stops
- 5meter LED Strip with remote control (IR)
- Kress 1050 Spindle MFE
Step 12: Red Theme

As you have may noticed in the final build photos the Builderbot has a red theme, the motor and the spindle where painted in red using height temperature spat paint. The
cable carriers where also painted in red.
Step 13: 3D Printer Hot End and Extruder

The extruder is mounted on the tip of the tool holder, it is a version of Greg's extruder and has a 0.5mm J-head hotend. It can be mounted or unmounted from the tool
holder by simply unbolting 2 bolts.
The cable connections connect the extruders motor, the fan, the hotend resistor and the thermistor.
Step 14: RGB Led Strip

The Builderbot has a 5050 RGB led strip attached to the inferior part of the upper frame chassis. The led strip is glued using strong double sided tape. It serves the
propose of lightning the Buildersbot workspace.
Step 15: The Arduino firmware

Repetier or Marlin Arduino Mega Firmware implement G2 an G3 circular interpolation so they are good to use. However they have limitations regarding pure CNC
instructions such as pecking an other GCode's.
http://www.repetier.com/
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Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer

Intro: Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 1: Understanding the 3 Dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 2: The BuildersBot OpenSource Sketchup Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 3: The BuildersBot Stainless Steel Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 4: Y Axis - Guide System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Intro: Arduino Controlled CNC / 3D Printer

Step 1: Understanding the 3 Dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System

Step 2: The BuildersBot OpenSource Sketchup Design

Step 3: The BuildersBot Stainless Steel Frame

Step 4: Y Axis - Guide System

Step 5: X Axis - Guide System

Step 6: Y Axis - Transmission System

Step 7: X Axis - Transmission System

Step 8: Z Axis Guide and Transmission System

Step 9: The temporary CNC Bed Plate

Step 10: The Electronics Enclosure

Step 11: Wiring the Electronics

Step 12: Red Theme

Step 13: 3D Printer Hot End and Extruder

Step 14: RGB Led Strip

Step 15: The Arduino firmware

DIY CNC Router

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