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Measurement of Density and Determination of Partial Molar Volume and Ethanol-Water System
Nieva, Aileen D.1, Arceo, Mary Anne V., Cuales, Jelline C., Kim, Sung Min, Ngan, Emil Joseph T., Rivera, Jainie Lynne
B.2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student (s), CHM170L/A41, School of Chemical Engineering,
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology
1
ABSTRACT
Due to intermolecular interactions, the total volume measured when two real liquids (e.g. ethanol and water) are
mixed deviates from the total volume calculated from the individual volumes of the two liquids (volume
contraction). To describe this non-ideal behavior in the mixing phase, one defines partial molar quantities which are
dependent on the composition of the system. This experiment intends to measure the density of a liquid, having
different concentrations of ethanol-water solutions with the use a pycnometer. Molecules that are mixed with
different molecules would interact differently, that is why in this experiment, partial volumes are also considered
due to ethanol and water mixture. It prepared with different solutions having 10% of increment of concentrations.
Densities have been calculated using the mass of each sample and the known volume of the pycnometer. As the
volume of water increased (volume of ethanol decreased), the density of the ethanol-water system has been
observed to increase. The values of these can be experimentally determined.
INTRODUCTION
Density
The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit
volume. The symbol of density is (the Greek letter rho).
Mathematically: Density = Mass Divided By Volume
where:
(rho) is the density,
m is the mass,
V is the volume.
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25 mL pycnometer
Chain Balance
Analytical Balance
250 mL beaker
Stirrer
10 or 25 mL graduated cylinder
7.
Calculations
The initial calculation should include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B.
C.
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Thermometer
Pycnometer
Liquid sample
Digital balance
85.9 dynes/cm
Trial 2
85.3 dynes/cm
; where mH2O is
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Sample table
A. Calibration of the pycnometer
Weight of empty pycnometer:
29.5359g
30.3821
Weight of pyhnometer + water:
57.4688g
58.1792
Temperature of water, T:
28C
28C
Density of water at T:
0.966g/cm3 0.966g/cm3
Volume of pycnometer:
28.045cm3 27.909cm3
B. Molar volumes of ethanol-water mixture at different
concentrations
Temperature, C: 28C
28C
0.446
3
0.580
1
0.682
5
V 1,
cm3
V 2,
cm3
m1
M2
X1
Mavg
mix,
g/cm3
V,
cm3/mol
Vmix,
cm3/mol
30
0.5152
46
0.7520
63.1702
2.9404
27
0.1661
0.4637
0.2637
38.62
0.7800
49.5137
1.8796
24
0.3322
0.411
0.4463
33.51
0.8040
41.6834
1.3825
21
0.4984
0.359
0.5801
29.77
0.8250
36.0820
1.1617
0.966
28.909
-2.3125
15.7489
1.3125
59.5367
-1
17.0578
0.9688
59.1889
-0.4844
17.5743
0.6563
58.8899
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http://www.everyscience.com/Chemistry/Physical/Mixtures/
a.1265.php
http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/PChem/lab/PartMolalV.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_molar_property
APPENDICES
REFERENCES
1. Masterton, W. and Hurley, C. 2001. Chemistry Principles
and Reactions, 4th ed. New York: Harcourt.
{Accessed: 06-11-10}
2. Knight, S.B, Crockford, H.B., Fundamentals of Physical
Chemistry 2nd ed., Wiley International, 1964, {Accessed: 0611-10}
Online References: {Accessed: 06-011-10}
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