5 Circulatory and respiratory systems

1--Role of platelete
make the blood clot/forms a scab;
they stick together in cuts and make fibres grow;
prevents infection;
stops bleeding

2--Describe one effect on the blood that a person training at

altitude
may experience.
Causes the body to adapt and increase the number of red blood cells
Increases the amount of oxygen that can be transporte
3--Describe one illness or condition that is the result of a blood disorder. How can the
illness or condition affect a persons ability to play sport?
anaemia tiredness, unable to complete endurance events
haemophilia inability to clot blood so contact sports should be avoided
excessive blood clotting reduction in the flow of blood which reduces the
amount of oxygen
reaching muscles
thalassemia reduces the ability to produce haemoglobin, therefore, less
oxygen can reach
muscles
leukaemia white blood cells are damaged tiredness, infections.
AIDS/HIV immune system affected tiredness, muscle weakness

4-Describe the changes in the circulatory system during exercise.

increase in heart rate
increase in the amount of oxygen in the blood
increase in carbon dioxide in the blood
increase in heart rate due to the release of adrenalin
gas exchange is more efficient during exercise
muscles squeeze on veins squirting blood faster back to the heart
increase in the amount of blood in each beat
arterioles widen to ensure blood pressure does not rise
blood gets shunted to where it is most needed
vasodilatation and vasoconstriction takes place
skin becomes redder as more blood is shunted closer to the surface
blood supply to the brain remain constant
more oxygen released into the bloodstream means more oxygen
supplied to muscles
Why is increased stroke volume linked to improved performance
increased stroke volume

 increased cardiac output

There would be an increase in the amount of blood pumped around the

body/lower resting
heart rate.
There would be an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles/able
to go on for
longer/increased stamina.

Describe the differences in the respiratory systems of a top athlete compared to an

unfit
Person
Tidal volume would be greater the volume of air that you breathe in
and out would be greater;
Respiratory rate will increase- the number of breathes you take in a
minute will be greater for an unfit person;
Minute volume will increase;
Gas exchange would be better as the trained athlete would have an
increased number of alveoli in the lungs. / increase in capilliarisation /
larger lungs;
When gas exchange improves carbon dioxide can be removed
quicker;
Vital capacity will increase the maximum volume of air that you can
breathe out after breathing in as much as you can;
Intercostal muscles would be stronger. [

What is meant by the following terms?

cardiac output ..........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
stroke volume ..........................................................................................................................
Cardiac Output
the volume of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
Stroke Volume
the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart each beat.
Describe changes in breathing from walking to running
Inhaling
the intercostals muscles contract;
the rib cage is pulled upwards;
the chest expands;
the diaphragm contracts, causing it to flatten;
this makes the chest larger;
the decrease in air pressure allows air to move into the lungs;
Exhaling
the intercostals muscles relax;
the rib cages lowers;
the chest cavity gets smaller;
the diaphragm relaxes causing it to bulge upwards;

 the lungs become compressed thus forcing the air out of the lungs;
breathing becomes faster/heavier/CO2 being breathed out is increased/gaseous
exchange becomes quicker;
the amount of oxygen breathed in increases;

Describe two ways that the body controls its temperature

Blood vessels widen (Vasodilation);
Blood flows nearer the surface / blood temperature increases results
in radiation;
Sweat glands make more sweat;
Sweat evaporates to cool the skin / sweating;
Shivering when cold;
Body hair will either lay down or stand up to either insulate or
increase heat loss;
Blood vessels constrict (Vasoconstriction

What is the function of plasma and platelets in the blood?

Plasma Acts as the transport system
Maintains the correct balance of chemicals
Maintains water content and temperature in the body
Carries waste products
Platelets Helps produce clotting when a blood vessel is damaged
The effects of lactic acid on muscles
tired/fatigue
painful/sore
burning sensation
stop working
Describe what will happen to an athlete when an Oxygen Debt occurs
the athlete will gulp in air to pay off the oxygen debt
he/she will have to stop all out effort
the volume of oxygen consumed during recovery from exercise in excess
of that which would
normally be consumed in the same period [1]
Describe the differences in the respiratory systems of a top athlete compared to an
unfit
Person
Tidal volume would be greater the volume of air that you breathe in
and out would be greater;
Respiratory rate will increase- the number of breathes you take in a
minute will be greater for an unfit person;
Minute volume will increase;
Gas exchange would be better as the trained athlete would have an
increased number of alveoli in the lungs. / increase in capilliarisation /
larger lungs;
When gas exchange improves carbon dioxide can be removed

quicker;
Vital capacity will increase the maximum volume of air that you can
breathe out after breathing in as much as you can;
Intercostal muscles would be stronger. [3]