7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
EXPO CENTER, KARACHI

ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY STATUS IN
PAKISTAN
PROF DR NASIM A. KHAN
SENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OSMANI & COMPANY (PVT) LTD
14 MARCH 2013
DR. NASIM@OSMANI.COM,
DRNASIMAKHAN@GMAIL.COM

EARLY GOVERNMENT EFFORT

Originally the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
initiated projects in solar energy but this effort was
soon transferred to other Ministries. 1960S [PEC]
They include Solar Energy Research Centre [SERC]
under Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research [PCSIR] in the Ministry of Science and
Technology;
Appropriate Technology Development Organization
(ATDO) in the Ministry of Science and Technology;
a Directorate General of Renewable Energy
Resources (DGER) in the Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Resources; and
a Directorate of Renewable Energy [DAE] under the
Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in
the Ministry of Water and Power.

Several solar-lit villages in different parts of the country

and a small wind turbine established by the
Directorate of New and Renewable Energy Resources
during the 80s

SERC
RESEARCH RESULTS

EARLY GOVERNMENT EFFORT

ATDO was later upgraded and renamed as the
Pakistan Council for Appropriate Technology
(PCAT) [1980S].
A new organization the National Institute of
Silicon Technology [NIST], was also created in the
Ministry of Science and Technology to develop
solar cell manufacturing. [1980S]
All organizations under the Ministry of Science and
Technology were later merged into the Pakistan
Council for Renewable Energy Technology
(PCRET) [1990S], while DGER and the
Renewable Energy Directorate under WAPDA
were either closed or were not utilized.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SILICON

TECHNOLOGY NOW PCRET BUILDING

PRIVATE SECTOR
ALMOST NON EXISTENT

FINANCING/ LEGAL INSTITUTES

ALMOST NON EXISTENT

EXISTING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN
PAKISTAN
AEDB [ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT BOARD] [2003/4]
PCRET [ PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR
RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES]
AED SINDH [ ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF
SINDH] [2005/6]
PUNJAB POWER DEVELOPMENT
COMPANY [2007/8]
SINDH ELECTRICTY COMPANY [2009/10]

CURRENT PRIVATE SECTOR

RENEWABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION OF
PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY
CONSULTANTS
INSURANCE COMPANIES
STUDENTS
ENERGY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS IN
UNIVERSITIES
SEVERAL BUSINESSES OPERATING
SEVERAL NGOS PRESENT

ENERGY SECURITY DILEMMA

POPULATION PATTERN
ENERGY GENERATION PATTERN
SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY
SCENARIO

POPULATION
PATTERN

 ENERGY
GENERATION
PATTERN

HYDROPOWER
JAMMU&
KASHMIR

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL HYDROPOWER

PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

 ENERGY
GENERATION
PATTERN

HYDROPOWER
JAMMU&
KASHMIR

OIL
KHOST
SHARIG
SOR-RANGE

THERMAL
SUI

LAKHRA

THERMAL

THAR
COAL

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL OIL, GAS AND COAL

RESERVES IN PAKISTAN

JAMMU&
KASHMIR

AVAILABILTY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN POPULATION

CENTERS IN PAKISTAN

APRIL

SOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY

GUIDE AND DATABOOK
FOR PAKISTAN
N.A.KHAN

GUPIS
GILGIT
CHITRAL
1.5
3.3

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

MONTH:

MAY

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30METERS

0.9

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

1 M/S

6 M/S

2 M/S

7 M/S

3 M/S

8 M/S

4 M/S

9 M/S

2.5
BUNJI
3.0
2.3
CHILAS ASTOR
2.6
SKARDU

3.8
DROSH 3.0
DIR

PESHAWAR

1.7

1.9
PARACHINAR
3.0

1.3

MUZAFFARABAD
BALAKOT

0.9 KAKUL
1.9
ISLAMABAD
1.2 JHELUM
0.9

5 M/S

D. I. KHAN
2.4

10 M/S

WIND SPEED
COLOUR CODE

KOTLI
3.9

1.8
ZHOB

3.3

3.4
3.5

KALAT

JACOBABAD
3.0

MAY

KHUZDAR

PANJGUR
3.3

STUDY REPORT BY
PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

NAWABSHAH
4.2
PADIDAN

JIWANI

1.9
KHANPUR

SUKKUR
2.1

3.5

5.0

3.2
BAHAWALNAGAR

2.1
BAHAWALPUR

2.0

DALBANDIN
NOKUNDI

2.7
MULTAN

BARKHAN

SIBI

2.1

5.1

2.5

LAHORE

1.6
FAISALABAD

LORALAI

QUETTA

SIALKOT

2.3
HYDERABAD

10.8
ORMARA

KARACHI
5.9

4.5
8.3
BADIN

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

9.1
CHOR

GUPIS
GILGIT
2 .5
CHITRAL
1.5
BUNJI
4.6
3.1
DROSH
3 .3
2 .5
CHILAS ASTOR
DIR
2 .9
SKARDU
1.0
3.6

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

MONTH:

JUNE

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30 METERS

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

1 M/S

6 M/S

2 M/S

7 M/S

3 M/S

8 M/S

4 M/S

9 M/S

PESHAWAR
1.9
PARACHINAR
3 .4
1.9

1.3

MUZAFFARABAD
BALAKOT
1.1 KAKUL
1.7

ISLAMABAD
1.4 JHELUM
0.9

5 M/S

D. I. KHAN
2 .5

10 M/S

WIND SPEED
COLOUR CODE

KOTLI
3.3

2 .2
ZHOB

4.3

FAISALABAD

4.1

MULTAN
2 .5

2 .2

DALBANDIN

KALAT

JIWANI

2.5

JACOBABAD
3.4

KHANPUR

JUNE

SUKKUR
2.9

KHUZDAR

STUDY REPORT BY
PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

NAWABSHAH
6.1

9.7
ORMARA

3.8
BAHAWALNAGAR

2.5
BAHAWALPUR

PADIDAN
5.1

BARKHAN

SIBI

2 .2

3.1

PANJGUR
3.6

4.0

3 .3

QUETTA

NOKUNDI

LAHORE

2 .3

LORALAI

7.8

SIALKOT

KARACHI
5.9

3.0

5.2
HYDERABAD
8.1
BADIN

9.0
CHOR

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

WIND MAPPING SURVEY FOR POWER POTENTIAL

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT WIND MEASURING SITES IN BALUCHISTAN

Pakistan Meteorological Department

WIND MAPPING SURVEY FOR POWER POTENTIAL

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENTWIND MEASURING SITES IN SIND

WIND TURBINES ON
COASTLINE OF KARACHI

DEVELOPED BY

DIRECTOR PROJECT 10 CORPS, ADVANCED ENGINEERING

RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (AERO), SOLAR TEAM EME,
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY (NCAE)
IN COLLABORATION WITH

DHA KARACHI, VOLTA BATTERIES,

OCEAN SERVICES, NICE LINK TRUST, SOLAR PRODUCTS INCORPORATED PAKISTAN, WIND

BARON

WIND LIT COAST OF DHA

KARACHI

Street lights of Beach Avenue, DHA Karachi

Micro wind turbines installed at

Village Dandari, Ghora Bari, Thatta Sindh

TWO WIND PUMPS BY MERIN PVT OPERATIONAL IN BALOCHISTAN

Project experience
Technical Advisor
Hybrid Power System
Community Managed

Client

New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (MFAT)

Location

Coastal Balochistan, Pakistan

Date

2002 ongoing, (Co-partnered with Empower Consultants Ltd)

Facilities; Solar-diesel hybrid system
Services; Resource assessment, System design, Site installation

Project experience
Technical Advisor
Client

New Zealand Ministry of Foreign

Affairs & Trade (MFAT)
(Co-partnered with Empower
Consultants Ltd)

Location

Durgai, Baluchestan, Pakistan

Date

2003

Facilities
7.5 kW wind turbine, 0.5 kW
solar panels, a 10 kW diesel
generator, and 60 x 2v long-life
acid batteries.
Services
Hybrid System Installation
Resource assessment
Wind, Solar
and Diesel
System design

Site installation

GHARO-KATIBANDAR-HYDERABAD WIND CORRIDOR AT 50 METERS

14

METERS/SECOND

12

10
8

HYDERABAD
GHARO

KATIBANDAR

2
0
JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

MONTH

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

MONTH:

GUPIS
GILGIT

3.6

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

CHITRAL
4.6
DROSH
3 .3

JUNE

1.5

BUNJI
3.1
2 .5
CHILAS ASTOR
2 .9
SKARDU

DIR

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30 METERS

2 .5

1.0

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

1.3

PESHAWAR
1.7

1.9
PARACHINAR

MUZAFFARABAD
BALAKOT

1.1 KAKUL

1 M/S

6 M/S

2 M/S

7 M/S

3 M/S

8 M/S

1.4 JHELUM

4 M/S

9 M/S

KOTLI

3 .4

1.9

ISLAMABAD

0.9

5 M/S

D. I. KHAN

10 M/S

WIND SPEED
COLOUR CODE

3.3

2 .5

2 .2

4.3
2 .3

LORALAI

FAISALABAD
4.0
3 .3

QUETTA

MULTAN
2 .5

BARKHAN

SIBI

2 .2

KALAT

2.5

JACOBABAD

KHANPUR

3.4
3.1

3.8
BAHAWALNAGAR

2.5
BAHAWALPUR

2 .2

DALBANDIN
NOKUNDI

LAHORE

ZHOB

4.1

7.8

SIALKOT

JUNE

SUKKUR
2.9

Average summer wind

direction from Gharo to
Hyderabad

PANJGUR

KHUZDAR

3.6

STUDY REPORT BY
PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

NAWABSHAH
6.1
PADIDAN 3.0

5.1
JIWANI

9.7
ORMARA

KARACHI
5.9

5.2
HYDERABAD
8.1
BADIN

9.0
CHOR

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

MICRO SITING OF WIND FARMS BY AEDB EXPERTS

GHARO AREA

AEDB DATA

50m Wind Mast

Zephyr Power

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

60m Wind
Measuring
Mast- NPE

First 60m Wind

Measuring mast in
Pakistan
(www.KonDen.com)

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

JHIMPIR

AEDB DATA
LAND IN JHIMPIR, THATTA DISTRICT, SINDH

JHIMPIR AREA WIND FARMS

AEDB DATA

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Masterwind

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Masterwind

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Zorlu

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Zorlu

WIND FARM AT JHIMPIR

NUMBER OF WIND SPEED DATA COLLECTION MASTS INSTALLED IN

PAKISTAN
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

INSTALLED/YR

2007

2008

CUMULATIVE MASTS

2009

2010

2011

2012

WIND ENERGY POWER PROJECTS

TARIFF
AEDB DATA
S.No Name of IPP
1
Dawood Power Ltd
2
Zorlu Enerji
3
FFC Energy Ltd
Three Gorges First WInd Farm
4
Pakistan
5
Yunus Energy Ltd
6
Foundation Wind Energy - I Ltd
7
Foundation Wind Energy - II Ltd
8
Tenaga Generasi Ltd
9
Gul Ahmed Wind Power Ltd
10
Sapphire Wind Power Company Ltd
11
Metro Power Company Ltd
12
Master Wind Energy Ltd
13
Zephr Power Ltd
14
Sachal Energy Development Pvt Ltd

Tariff (US$ Cents

per kWh)
11.87
13.3456
16.109
13.9399

13.9399
17.3672
14.1359
14.1164
13.6202
14.6098
13.2483
14.5236
14.532
15.9135
14.8618

Date Announced
6 Dec, 2008
13 Dec, 2011
10 Aug, 2010
15 Dec, 2011

15 Dec, 2011
15 Feb, 2012
16 Mar, 2012
16 Mar, 2012
26 April, 2012
8 May, 2012
8 May, 2012
15 May, 2012
29 June, 2012
24 May, 2012
3 Jan, 2012

STAKEHOLDER ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED

IN WIND POWER PROJECTS

AEDB
GOVT OF SINDH
NEPRA
NTDC
HESCO
KESC
INVETSTORS

INVESTORS

STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN

NATIONAL BANK OF PAKISTAN
HABIB BANK OF PAKISTAN
MUSLIM COMMECIAL BANK
ALLIED BANK
FAYSAL BANK
ASKARI BANK

LEGAL AND FINANCING

INSTITUTES DEVELOPED
LEGAL COUNCILS;
KABRAJI & TALIBUDDIN
HAIDERMOTA & CO

FINANCIAL CONSULTANTS;
BRIDGE FACTOR

WIND ENERGY CONSULTANTS

ME CONSULT
RER
OSMANI
WIND ROSE
IPEC

EXISTING SOLAR
ENERGY SCENARIO IN
PAKISTAN

SOLAR POTENTIAL OF PAKISTAN

TOTAL ANNUAL SOLAR ENERGY OVER
PAKISTAN= 2,324,320,000,000

MWH

SOLAR POTENTIAL IS

30,000 TIMES
ANNUAL ENERGY GENERATED IN PAKISTAN

GOMA

NARAM ADM
GYONG

OLDING

ADIL

PAIJU
IHEC

GHAYARI
DUMBA BAO

SKARDU

HAMZI GHUND

GILGIT
BURZIL

LEH
NULLAH

GULTARI

SHAKMA

NEKRUN

BUNYAL

KEL

QUETTA

SHARDA

SERVING THE NATION WITH A DIFFERENCE

VINJORE

AWARAN

RANAK
DHAR
GHARO
KARACHI

MARA
POST

URAN
KEL

TARIQ
CAMP

SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

COLLEGE OF EME

MINI SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT

SPONSORED BY
MINISTRY OF S&T AND UNESCO

MINI SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT

SPONSORED BY
MINISTRY OF S&T AND UNESCO

SOLAR CELL FABRICATION MACHINE AT

SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

CADMIUM TELLURIDE SOLAR CELLS

FABRICATED AT SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

SOLAR WATER DISINFECTOR FOR 100 LITERS/DAY

INSTL OF SOLAR PANEL AT IHEC

18,500 FEET ELEVATION

SOLAR LIGHTS AT
GOMA HOSPITAL

SOLAR LIGHTS AT
GOMA WORKSHOP

DEMONSTRATION OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

TO MASSES IN NA

Solar lighting System on top of Mosque in

Awaran, Balochistan

SOLAR LIT ROOMI PARK

RAWALPINDI

SOLAR LIT PRESIDENCY PARK

SOLAR LIT PARK AT

GILGIT

SOLAR LIT CAA PARK

GILGIT

FCNA GATE LIT BY NIGHT WITH SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR CAR
DESIGNED BY STUDENTS AT
SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB
CAN BE IMPROVED FOR AUTO RICKSHAWS

FRONT WALL AFTER GLASS FITMENT

FINAL FRONT VIEW OF THE HOSPITAL IN WINTERS

Hospital at Jambar Kashmir being heated by solar

heated water

 STIRLING ENGINE
DEVELOPED IN PAKISTAN

 STIRLING ENGINE
DEVELOPED IN PAKISTAN

Remote Village Electrification

Demonstration project of 100 solar homes at Narian

Khorian completed, and inaugurated by the Prime
Minister in June 2005.

Pilot project of 100 solar homes in each province

completed.

A total of 1,762 homes electrified in 30 villages so far

in all four provinces

7,874 off-grid villages to be electrified by AEDB in

Balochistan (6,968) and Sindh (906)

400 (300 in Balochistan and 100 in Sindh) to be

electrified in the Ist phase of the program

3000 homes in Sindh electrified

SINDH
3000
HOMES

Overview of village
Bharomal (Sindh)

ALLAH BAKHSH DANDAR, BALOCHISTAN

SOLAR WATER PUMPING FROM COAL MINE

NE recently completed a successful installation of Pakistan's

largest solar water pumping system. The system employs a
solar array size of 7 kW and is capable of delivering a daily
water output of more than 600,000 litres.

DHA CITY
KARACHI

PAKISTAN ENGINEERING
COUNCIL
ISLAMABAD

SOLAR PV CELL
MANUFACTURERS
AKHTER SOLAR
SARA SOLAR
AROUND 9 MW OF SOLAR PV CELLS
HAVE BEEN MANUFACTURED AND
INSTALLED IN PAKISTAN
Around $ 100 MILLIONS MARKET

BIO-ENERGY
BIO-DIESEL POLICY APPROVED AND
AVAILABLE
THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF
JATROPHA, PONGAMIA PLANTED
BIO GAS PLANTS [5000 INSTALLED,
1000 BEING INSTALLED IN PUNJAB]

GERMAN AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL

COOPERATION (GTZ)

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency

Programme of six years duration

Initiated in October 2003
Euro 3,500,000 committed by Germany for
the first two years of the Programme
Aims to improve capacity / capability of the
Public & Private Sectors for RE, including
i) Rural Electrification
ii) Energy Efficiency activities in selected

UNDP-GEF
Two-year project for Sustainable
Development of Utility Scale Wind
Power Production approved by GoP
Project funding amounts to US $ 3.1
Million
Aims to elaborate on the existing wind
policy
Country-wide wind resource
assessment also part of the project

USAID / SOUTH ASIAN REGIONAL

INITIATIVE ON ENERGY (SARI)
Country-wide Wind and Solar Resource
Assessment carried out under the
USAID/SARI Programme amounting to
US $ 1.9 Million
Project spanned over a two-year time
period; initiated in 2004

CONCLUSION

EUROPEAN ENERGY SOURCES

SHIFT TO NOTE
SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ALL NEW POWER (GW)
IN EUROPE DURING THE YEAR 2009

10
8
6
4

ENERGY SOURCE

SOLAR
CSP

HYDRO

NUCLEAR

WASTE

OIL

BIOMASS

COAL

SOLAR
PV

GAS

WIND

POWER GIGA WATTS

12

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION

OF WEST
SOLAR/AE
50
YRS

NUCLEAR
50
YRS

NIL

MILLIONS
OF YRS

OIL & GAS

WOOD

COAL

THOUSANDS OF YRS

150 YEARS

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION

OF REMOTE AREAS OF PAKISTAN

NIL

WOOD
(MILLIONS OF YEARS)

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION

RECOMMENDED STRATEGY PAKISTAN
SOLAR/AE
50
YRS

NUCLEAR
50 YRS

NIL

MILLIONS
OF YRS

OIL & GAS

WOOD

COAL

THOUSANDS OF YRS

150 YEARS

INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES
A QUESTION IS, WHEN WOULD AN
AVERAGE PAKISTANI USE ENERGY
EQUAL TO ENGLAND OF 1970 ?

PLAN SUCH A TARGETTED

GROWTH FOR THE
YEAR 2030 OR 2050

IN REALITY
IN PAKISTAN,
SOLAR ENERGY AND WIND
ARE THE ACTUAL SOURCES
REST ALL ARE
ALTERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY