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Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

1st International Conference 'Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical
Approaches', ESPERA 2013

The bio-economic impact of the MOET program for the

development of vulnerable genetic resources through eco-innovative
reproduction biotechnologies
George Florea Toba*, Marcel Theodor Paraschivescua, Alexandru Bogdana, Mariana
Sandua
a

Romanian Academy, National Institute for Economic Research "Costin C. Kiritescu", Centre of Studies and Research in Agricultural and
Forestry Biodiversity, Bucharest, Romania

Abstract
MOET Program (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer) has more important bioeconomy significance by biodiversity profile
metabolic and hormonal of the donor and recipient female of transferred embryos and allowed access to animal genetic
biotechnologies, with low costs and minimal risk of introducing diseases towards imports with live animals. The authors present
synthesis postdoctoral research in program POSTDRU ID 63258, included in the Research Plan of the National Institute of
Economic Research Costin C Kiriescu on 2013 with original contributions to the application of systems MOET (with open
circuit, closed circuit and Nucleus herd) which allowed some elite farms (ex.: Pantelimon, Otopeni - Ilfov County, Ardud Satu
Mare County and Matca Galati County) to obtain genetic progress accelerated, evaluation by different methods biostatistics
trough BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction).MOET Program was apply in Romania by imported embryos of SUA from Dr.
Edwin Robertson of Harrogate Genetic International achieved a pregnancy rate after E.T. between 42-47%. Following the
application of MOET program in this research made banks to preserve genetic resources with major risk of breed Pinzgauer and
breed Grey Steppe in Country Haeg -Retezat, Dancu- Iasi and CSCBAS-Bucharest by risk management of the reduction
extinction of these animal breeds. In this paper the authors develop the idea of the establishment of gene banks based on their
own experience and especially mobile containers laboratories have been described in a scientific paper presented at the annual
meeting of D.A.G.E.N.E. (Danubian Countries Alliance for Conservation of Genes in Animal Species) of Timisoara this year

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +40723.504.339..

E-mail address: tobageorgeflorea@ yahoo.com

2212-5671 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of ESPERA 2013
doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00147-6

George Florea Tob et al. / Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

2014
2014 The
The Authors.
Authors.Published
Publishedby
byElsevier
ElsevierB.V.
B.V.Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.

Selection
and
peer-review
under
responsibility
theOrganizing
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ESPERA2013
2013.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility ofofthe
Keywords: MOET program, bioeconomic significances, farm;

Introduction
The MOET program (Multiple Ovulation Embrio Transfer) has bioeconomic significances by the biodiversity of
the metabolic and hormonal profile of embryon donor and recipient female and allowed the access to animal genetic
biotechnologies, with low costs and a minimum risk of introducing diseases towards imports with live animals.
The authors present synthesis postdoctoral research in program POSTDRU ID 63258, included in the Research
Plan of the National Institute of Economic Research Costin C Kiriescu on 2013 with original contributions to the
application of systems MOET (with open circuit, closed circuit and Nucleus herd) which allowed some elite farms
(ex.: Pantelimon, Otopeni - Ilfov County, Ardud Satu Mare County and Matca Galati County) to obtain genetic
progress accelerated, evaluation by different methods biostatistics through BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction).
To highlight the fact that the use of BLUP for bull related female allows the obtaining of differences between
complete brothers of a family only if their daughters also are included among such relatives, as the collateral
relatives are the same (M.Th. Paraschivescu, 2010)
The use of MOET as potential instrument for the improvement of milch cows in a nucleus heads was imagined
for the first time, in detail, in 1983, by Nicholas and Smith, quoted by Ruane J. and Thomson R (Ruane, J, 1990).
They describe two types of MOET charts: the juvenile charte, with donor selection before the first insemination
and the adult chart with the donor selection according to their pwn performances regarding milk production in
control days. The aspects aiming at the bio-economic aspect of the MOET program for the development of the
zootechnical genetic resources vulnerable through eco-innovative reproduction biotechnologies, are approached by
the Manager of the Postdoctoral School, Prof.univ.dr. Alexandru T. Bogdan, c.m. of the Romanian Academy, in
several scientific works (Bogdan A.T. 2009, 2011).
In this paper, the authors develop the idea of the establishment of a gene bank based on their own experience and,
in particular, on the experience of the mobile container laboratories, which were described in a scientific work
presented at the annual meeting of D.A.G.E.N.E. in Timioara, this year, and published in The 12 th International
Symposium Prospects for the 3rd Millennium Agriculture al U.S.A.M.V.-Cluj Napoca ( Toba G. F . 2013).
In our country an estimation work of the probable effects of the application of MOET for the improvement of a
milk producing cattle population was published in 1989 by Prof.dr.ing. Paraschivescu M. and collaborators
(Paraschivescu, M, 1989). In the paper, it is estimated the possible genetic progress through I.A. or through E.T., as
compared to that achievable through natural freshening. In the same year, 1989, Prof.dr.ing. Paraschivescu M. and
collaborators imagine and publish a technological project, hypothetical, for a MOET farm, in fact a nucleus of the
population where, by reproduction in closed circuit it is achieved the selection of donor adults resulted from E.T.
young beef used successively as receivers, as heifers and as primiparae. The chart of the incubation farm for
taurine, imagined by Prof.dr.ing .M.Paraschivescu and collaborators, does not isolate the nucleus from a genetic
point of view from the population to which it belongs but isolates it from a sanitary- veterinary point of view as the
reproduction is assured through E.T. and without the access of other animals in the farms heads. The name of
incubation expresses the fact that the purpose of this farm is to provide recipients for the embryo-transfer. The
character of veterinary isolation of the reproduction results from the fact that the recipients are the young beef
coming from embryo-transfer. As the young beef cannot maintain the womb heads it is also necessary for the
primiparae to be used as recipients, as the work is with non-sex embryopns and a female cannot assure its
refreshening but from two gestations which it must transit.
This restriction, without which the farm cannot isolate itself from a veterinary point of view, results in the fact
that all the young beef coming from embryo-transfer are evident in their milk production at the first lactation, which

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George Florea Tob et al. / Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

means that we can select among them embryopn donors with the desired selection intensity. Thus, such a herd
becomes a MOET farm with closed circuit reproduction.
The first advantage of this type of farm is that of a severe veterinary prophylaxis. The only contamination source
of the farm remains in a first stage the embryon and subsequently the seminal materual inseminating the donors. The
second advantage is that, from the improvement point of view, the herd remains within the populations gearing,
enjoying the effects of the high selection intensity allowed by a numerous population
The farm has, as main product, male testing calves, necessary for the artificial insemination organizations.
Secondary to this purpose there is also a second merchandise, namely cows on second lactation, with valuable origin
and well known production performances, of which some may become bull mothers. The maintenance of bull
mothers in the nucleus farm is not excluded.
The dimensioning of such a farm is more rigid than that presented above and it is adaptable to the fodder
resources owned by an interested entrepreneur.
In order to set up a MOET herd, of the type Nucleus Herd or with closed circuit, we can start with any type of
recipients which hope to have a good gynecological situation, generally the young beef, but we must procure first
rank genetic value embryons. From the descendency obtained, the best female verified by its own production
performances and corporal performances the donor females are selected, stimulated for super-ovulation, inseminated
with seminal material from the best available bulls and washed for the sampling of embryons, which are then
frozen. These operations are repeated to have multiple ovulations. Thus, the incubation farm proposed by
Prof.dr.ing. M.Paraschivescu becomes a closed circuit MOET farm where only young beef and primiparae from its
own breeder are used as recipients, not to allow the penetration of foreign animals in the farm heads. Some progress
regarding the MOET performances could be obtained by sexing the spermatozoa from the seminal material
inseminating the donors or by sexing the embryons before being frozen (Paraschivescu, M.; Tibr, Dana,1989 ).
The E.T. young beef resulted are retained in the units own breeder, subject to corporal type reliability and
production control and, depending on the case, will be used as donors, being inseminated nominalized with seminal
material from tested bulls or, others, with testing bulls for obtaining collateral relatives. If the young beef entries
allow it, certain cows will be delivered outside the farm. An interesting development of MOET, privately
considered, applicable within the Nucleus farms or closed circuit farms could be the use of the young beef as donors
to be tested after the milk production of their daughters, which would enormously increase the precision of the
selection of bull mothers meant for use in the the I.A. The selection accuracy would increase as the phenotype value
measured is no longer necessary to be corrected by heritability (Vintil, I., 1992). In March 1999, an E.T. program
was carried out in Romania, with frozen embryons from milk and meat breeds, by dr. Edwin Robertson from the
Company Harrogate Genetics Internationalof USA, who disposes of an advanced technology for embryopn freezing.
This program was repeated in the years 2000; 2001, and the donated embryons were transferred through the nonsurgical technique in several locations in the country. (Tob G.F.2000 ;2010;2011).
The results of this MOET program are given in table no.1.
Table 1. Results of MOET application with frozen embryons from USA transferred in Romania
Locations
7 different locations
Otopeni-Ilfov
Ardud-Satu Mare
TOTAL

Transferred embryons
68-HF
12-AA;BNA;B.A.
15-AA
95

Recipient young beef

68-BNR
12-BNR
15-BNR
95

Gestated- %
28 - 41,17
7 - 58,33
9 - 60
44 - 46,31

The specialty literature mentions the fact that, in Genus MOET, ( McGuirk, 1992) 95% frozen embryons and
5% fresh embryons were used, as compared to the incubation farm which may work only with fresh embryons (in
order to reduce costs and increase the rate of successful transplantation), it is understood that, in this case, only
frozen embryons must be worked with. Starting from the idea of E.T. closed circuit incubation farms,
M.Th.Paraschivescu proposes a Project study for an open circuit MOET farm (M.Th.Paraschivescu, 2010) which

George Florea Tob et al. / Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

allows the valorification, for the commercial farms, of the previous stages of selection and improvement of the
Holstein-Friesien breed, without disposing of advanced knowledge on the production and processing of transferrable
embryons. The open circuit MOET farm is a MOET service version hiring only operations of transplantations of
frozen embryons. The MOET program has bio-economic significances by the biodiversity of the metabolic and
hormonal profile of embryon donor and recipient female and allowed the access to animal genetic biotechnologies,
with low costs and a minimum risk of introducing diseases towards imports with live animals.
It is to retain the fact that the open circuit MOET farm executes operations regarding the production of embryons
or selection operations or production control only in the extent in which the knowledge of the main recipient
performances raises their selling price. The valorification of the MOET technology through open circuit farms can
be extremely valuable in less developed countries, which do not have contemporary methods of genetic
improvement and sophisticated systems of embryons collection and preservation. The new program was based on
the donations of embryons made by the H-F Association of USA for the multiplication of the bovine population in
Romania for the production of E.T. young beef resulted from recipients raised in Romania.

(a)
(b)
Fig. 1. Products obtained from E.T.: (a) E.T. products (H.F.) IBNA (b) E.T. products (AA) - Ardud
2. Experiences regarding the reduction of the timeframe between two embryon collection on the BNR breed
young beef
As a new experimental work approached within the postdoctoral preparation of the postdoctoral researcher
dr.ing. M.Th.Paraschivescu, a research on the reduction of the timeframe between two embryon samplings. The
work was carried out within the Biobase of the ICDCB Institute Baloteti, with a number of 4 young beef, with
ages between 10 -12 months. Several young beef from the Blat cu Negru Romneasc (B.N.R.) breed were
clinically and transrectally examined and 2 young beef were retained for follicular simulation through poliovulation
(reg. no 3618 and 1092) which had a yellow body, well formed, proving the installation of puberty and the ovar was
in the second half of the estrous cycle. The induction and synchronization of the estrus was provoked by the
administration of an injection with PGF2. (Reglandin), and the entry into the estrus took place within 52-60 hours
and the 0 day of the estrous cycle was thus obtained. (G.F Tob, 2010,2011)
The induction of the poliovulation was made starting with the 11 th day of the estrous cycle, administrating a 20
ml thinner flask, containing 500 ui FSH/LH Pluset/ donor young beef every 12 hours according to the following
chart:
Day 11:
7:00 a.m. 4 ml of FSH were injected intramuscular
19:00 p.m. 4 ml of FSH were injected intramuscular
Day 12:
7:00 a.m. 3 ml of FSH were injected intramuscular
19:00 p.m. 3 ml of FSH were injected intramuscular
Day 13:
7:00 a.m. 3 ml of FSH were injected intramuscular
19:00 p.m. 3 ml FSH + 2 ml PGF2 (Reglandin) were injected intramuscular
Day 14:
The entry into estrus was monitored for its recording.

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George Florea Tob et al. / Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

Day 15:
Day 16:

Each donor was recorded when going into heat and the event time
and at 17:00 the donors were administrated, intramuscular,
3 ml de Receptal (GnRH) each and, 2 hours later, at 19:00, I-IA was inseminated.
The second IA insemination was repeated at 7:00 a.m. from the first I.A.

The embryon sampling was executed non-surgical in the 7th day following the insemination.
Before the sampling, each donor young beef was examined transrectal and luteal bodies (LB) were identified and
counted on both ovars, for more safetybeing also used the ultrasound images, taken by dr. M.Ochea and presented in
the photograms below.

Fig. 2. Ultrasound images D.3818

The sampling environment was PBS Dulbeco modified and the identification of the sampled embryonary
formations was made at Stereolupa Olymous, (Fig. 3 (a)) They were also evaluated according to the quality
standards of the International Embryo Transfer Manual and those embryons in the blastocyst stafe D.3818. (Fig.
3(b)) were packed in yellow spangles with ethylene glycol and frozen. After sampling, PGF2alfa+GnRH was
administrated to retake the estrous cyclic activity.

(a)
(b)
Fig.3 Stereo-microscopic examination of embryons: (a) preparation (b) embryons in blastocyst stage-D.3818

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George Florea Tob et al. / Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

Fig. 4 The embryon freezing diagram

It was decided that the repetition of the treatment for the multiplication of successive ovulations after the first
going into heat consecutive to the embryon sampling, Day 0, for the following poliovulation, following to obtain, by
a PGF2 injection in the diestrus phase of the estrous cycle initiated by the spontaneous heat. This procedure was
selected in order to reduce the effect of the medicine intervention in the ovar functioning. The collected embryons
had to be frozen in white glycerol spnagles (GLY) this time being the cryoprotectant used. These results of the
repeated poliovulations from the same donor young beef are illustrated in table no.2.
Table 2.The results of multiple poliovulation in BNR young beef
Reg. No.

Poliovulation date

BNR-3818- 15L
3818
BNR 1092- 17L
1092

I - 30.05.2012
II- 22.07.2012
I- 30.05.2012
II- 22.07.2012

TOTAL

No. of luteal bodies

7
7
4
9

No. of embryons
4 - EG
7 - GLY
0
1 - GLY

27
12

Following the application of the MOET program within these researches, major risk genetic resources
preservation banks were realized, for the Pinzgau (G.F.Tob, 2009,2010) and Sura de Step breeds (G.F.Tob,
2007) in Tara Haegului- Retezat (N.Mang,2011), Dancu-Iasi and C.S.C.B.A.S.-Bucharest, through the management
of the reduction of the disparition risk for these animal breeds ( M.Th. Paraschivescu, A.T. Bogdan, 2010). On the
Romanian Buffalo, the postdoctoral researches were performed by CS III, primary vet.med.dr. Bneanu F. (2010).
We also mention the contribution of the Researchers team within C.S.C.B.A. Acad.David Davidescu in the
establishment and realization of the Animal Genetic Resource Banks (A.G.R.B.), within the Durable Development
Center Haegului-Retezat County, through the Project Bio and geodiversity preservation as a support of the
durable development and economic and social growth in the Haeg-Retezat area, project financed by the European
Economic Area (EEA) mechanism, by Norway, Island and Liechtenstein. In the inauguration ceremony participated
acad. Ionel Haiduc, the president of the Romanian Academy, acad. Pun Ion Otiman, secretary general of the
Romanian Academy, the projects coordinator, E.S. ystein Hovdkinn, the ambassador of the Norway Kingdom in
Bucharest, Cristian Vigne, the grandson of general Berthelot, lt. col. Thierry Le Guillou, attache of the embassy of
France in Bucharest, representatives of the local administration. ( Pun Ion Otiman 2010) .

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George Florea Tob et al. / Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014) 696 703

Table 3. Animal Genetic Resource Banks (A.G.R.B.)

LOCATION

BREED

No of msc doses

SCDCB - Dancu
CSCBAS- Bucharest

Sur de Step.
B.N.R.
B.R.
S.S..
Pz.
Female buffalo
B.G
B.

280
0
0
0.................................
30
0
20
30

HAEG- RETEZAT
TOTAL

No.of frozen embryons

29 EG + 21 GLY=50
5 EG + 7 GLY=12
5 EG 5
5 GLY..5
4 EG.4
5- GLY.5
7- GLY.7
0

Fig.5. Animal Genetic Resource Bank- Haeg

Conclusions:
1. The embryon transfer came to practice, in particular on taurine and it is about to be practiced also in other farm
animal species. Through MOET, the embryons obtained following repeated supraovulations, the zootechnical
biodiversity can be preserved. The farm animal breeds, being in critical status from the point of view of their
disparition risk can be quickly consolidated through the amplification and balancing of their component family
heads. The affirmation is also valid for the populations under constitution or reconstitution.
2. The bio-economy of an area can be quickly modified by MOET as animal populations can be directly
transfered from one place to another, with all the zootechnical and sanitary veterinary advantages, without appealing
to absorption cross- breeding.
3. The MOET biotechnology fully satisfies the sanitary veterinary and ecosanogenesis requirements as the
embryons, through their processing, according to the I.E.T.S. Manual the transmission of different diseases is
reduced to minimum.

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703

Acknowledgements
This work represents the completion of the theme The bio-economic impact of the MOET European program
over the safety and security of vulnerable and major risk zootechnical resources in Romania within the
Interdisciplinary program for the prevention of major risk phenomena, at a national scale, a fundamental program
of the Romanian Academy - INCE -coordinator Acad. Florin Gheorghe Filip
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