1Manuscript Preparation:

2General:
3Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity. Original
4manuscripts are discarded one month after publication unless the Publisher is asked to
5return original material after use. Please use Word, Word Perfect or LaTeX files for the
6text of your manuscript. (For further information about LaTeX submission, please go to
7http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex.) For initial submission please convert to a pdf.
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10Structure:
11Follow this order when typing manuscripts: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract,
12Keywords, Main text, Acknowledgements, Appendix, References, Figure Captions and
13then Tables. Embedded images in text pdf for initial email submission. The author must
14supply the final accepted paper text in word, word perfect or latex, and images in
15original graphics files, see illustrations and winzipped, to the editor by email. Collate
16acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not include them
17on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
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20Text Layout:

21Use single column, double spacing and wide (3 cm) margins. (Avoid full justification,
22i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin.) Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly
23indicated. Add line numbers in the margin alongside each line of the document. (This
24can be automated using the page layout/line numbering facility in WORD.) Present
25tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. If possible,
26consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions.
27Number all pages consecutively, use 12 pt font size and standard fonts.
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29
30Corresponding author:
31Clearly indicate who is responsible for correspondence at all stages of refereeing and
32publication, including post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with
33country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete
34postal address. Full postal addresses must be given for all co-authors. Please consult a
35recent journal paper for style if possible.
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38Abstract:
39A self-contained abstract outlining in a single paragraph the aims, scope and
40conclusions of the paper must be supplied.
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43Keywords:
44Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of six keywords (avoid, for
45example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly
46established in the field may be eligible.
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49Units:
50Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of
51units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI in parentheses.
52Temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius. The unit 'billion' is ambiguous and
53should not be used.
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