ASSINGMENT:COMMUNICATION

TECNOLOGY

Types of antenna
Nayab gohar
BITF12E006

1:- Parabolic Antenna:

A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector a curved surface with the
cross-sectional shape of a parabola to direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped
like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish. The main advantage of
parabolic antenna is that it has high directivity. It functions similarly to a searchlight or flashlight
reflector to direct the radio waves in a narrow beam, or receive radio waves from one particular
direction only. Parabolic antennas have some of the highest gains that is they can produce the
narrowest beam widths of any antenna type in order to achieve narrow beam widths the
parabolic reflector must be much larger than the wavelength of the radio waves used, so
parabolic antennas are used in the high frequency part of the radio spectrum at UHF and
microwave SHF frequencies, at which the wavelengths are small enough that conveniently-sized
reflectors can be used.

Diagrams:

2:- Yagiuda Antenna:

A yagiuda antenna, commonly known simply as a Yagiuda antenna, is a
directional antenna consisting of multiple parallel dipole elements in a line usually
made of metal rods. It consists of a single driven element connected to the
transmitter or receiver with a transmission line, and additional parasitic elements
a so-called reflector and one or more directors. The reflector element is slightly
longer than the driven dipole, whereas the directors are a little shorter .This design

achieves a very substantial increase in the antenna's directionality and gain

compared to a simple dipole.

Diagram:

3:- Spiral Antenna:

A spiral antenna is a type of RF antenna.. It is shaped as a two-arm spiral or more arms may be
used Spiral antennas were first described in 1956.Spiral antennas belong to the class of
frequency independent antennas which operate over a wide range of frequencies. Polarization,
radiation pattern and impedance of such antennas remain unchanged over large bandwidth. Such
antennas are inherently circularly polarized with low gain. Array of spiral antennas can be used
to increase the gain. Spiral antennas are reduced size antennas with its windings making it an
extremely small structure. Loss cavities are usually placed at the back to eliminate back lobes
because a unidirectional pattern is usually preferred in such antennas. Spiral antennas are
classified into different types; square spiral and star spiral etc. Archimedean spiral is the most
popular configuration.

Diagram:

4:- Short dipole antenna:

As already mentioned the short dipole is a form of dipole antenna created by feeding a wire,
typically in the center with a signal. The electrical length of the overall radiating element
typically has to be less than a tenth of a wavelength to make a short dipole antenna.
In practice, short antennas, and in this case the sort dipole antenna is rarely satisfactory from an
efficiency viewpoint because much of the power entering it is dissipated as heat as the resistive
losses are normally very high.

This factor reflects into the reception instance where only low reception efficiency is attained
and low signal levels pervade. Accordingly poor signal to noise ratios will be achieved in the
receiver.
The basic concept of a short dipole antenna is shown in the diagram below.