30TH INDIAN NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2015

30TH INDIAN NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2015

Time: 4 hours

February 01, 2015

Instruction :

Calculators (in any form) and protractors are not allowed.

Rulers and compasses are allowed.

Answer all the questions. Maximum marks : 100.

Answer to each question should start on a new page. Clearly indicate the question number.

1.

Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with B = 90. Let BD be the altitude from B on to AC. Let P, Q
and I be the incentres of triangles ABD, CBD and ABC respectively. Show that the circumcentre of
the triangle PIQ lies on the hypotenuse AC.
A
D

Sol.

B
In AIC
PIQ = (IAD + DCI)
A C
=
2 2

=
4
3
=
4
Now Let circum-circle of DPQ intersect AC again at R then PRQ =
(as PDQ =

+
= )
4
4
2

4
(as P, D, R, Q are concyclic points)

Now clearly CDQ = RDQ =

= RPQ
RPQ =

RP = RQ(as RPQ is right angled )

4

Now if draw a circle with centre as R and radius as RP(=RQ) then made by PQ at centre =

3
made by PQ at minor segment =
= PIQ
4
4
hence I lies on this circle with centre at R.
and hence clearly circumcentre of PIQ (i.e. R) lies on AC.
made by PQ at major segment =

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30TH INDIAN NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2015

2.

Sol.

For any antural numbe n > 1, write the infinite decimal expansion of 1/n (for example, we write

1/2 = 0.4 9 as its infinite decimal expansion, not 0.5). Determine the4 length of the non-periodic
part of the (infinite) decimal expansion of 1/n.
1
= 0.a1 a2 a3 ..... ak b1 b2 b3 ....... br
n
r is length of repeating part
2

b1b2 ....br
1 a1a2 ....ak
1 1
1

.......
=
+

r
r
k
k r
10 10

n
10
10

a a ....a
b b ....b 1
= 1 2 k k + 1 2 k r r

10
10
10 1
=

(a1a2 ........ak )(10r 1) b1b 2 ..........b r

(10r 1)(10k )

hence 10 = 2 .5 k is higher of the two exponents of 2 5 in prime factorization of n.

k = maximum {exponent of 2, exponent of 5}
k

3.
Sol.

Find all real functions f from R R satisfying the relation

2
f(x + yf(x)) = xf(x + y)
2
f(x + yf(x)) = x.f(x + y)
.........(1)
f(yf(0)) = 0 f(0) = 0
for y = 0, x = x
2
f(x ) = xf(x)
2
for y = 0 f(x ) = xf(x)
xf(x) = xf(x)
f(x) = f(x)
function can be analysed only for x > 0
at x = 1 f(1 + yf(1)) = f(1 + y)
if f(1) 1
y
then if f(1) = k > 1 then put y =
k
y

f(1 + y) = f 1
k

= f 1 2
k
y

= f 1 n
k

now as n f(1 + y) = f(1)

f(y) = k
from (1) k = k x x
k=0
f(x) = 0
similarly for k < 1
we can prove f(x) = 0
2
f(x + yf(x)) = x f(x+y)
put y = 0
2
f(x ) = xf(x)
& put y = x

........ (iii)

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30TH INDIAN NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2015

2

f(x xf(x)) = 0 ( f(0) = 0)

2

so x xf(x) = 0

........ (iv)

from (iii) & (iv) f(x) = x

Hence combining all we have
either f(x) = 0
Or f(x) = x
4.

There are four basket-ball players A, B, C, D. Initially, the ball is with A. The ball is always passed
from one person to a different person. In how many ways can the ball come back to A after seven
passes ? (For example A C B D A B C A and A D A D C A B A
are two ways in which the ball can come back to A after seven passes.)

Sol.

th

Let Pi denotes i pass then

P
P5
P
P1
P2
P4
P7
3
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
C1
If in between A gets 2 passes
(1) A A A A 3.1.3.1.3.2.1 = 54
(2) A A A A 3.1.32.1.3.1 = 54
(3) A A A A 3.2.1.3.1.3.1 = 54
C-2
If in between A gets 1 pass
(4) A A A 3.1.3.2.2.2.1 = 72
(5) A A A 3.2.1.3.2.2.1 = 72
(6) A A A 3.2.2.1.3.2.1 = 72
(7) A A A 3.2.2.2.1.3.1 = 72
C-3
If in between A gets no. pass
(8) A A 3.2.2.2.2.2.1 = 96
Hence total number of ways = 3.54 + 4.72 + 96
= 546
5.

Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral. Let the diagonals AC and BD intersect in P. Let PE, PF, PG
and PH be the altitudes from P on to the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Show that ABCD
has an incircle if and only if

1
1
1
1
+
=
+
PE
PF
PH
PG
Sol.

Let AC and YZ intersect at Q then QYC = QWD = Q(say)

(As made by tangent at apoint is same as made by chord through point in alternate segment)

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30TH INDIAN NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2015

Now In AQW

X
b

B
b

w
d
D
d
Z

c
C

AQ
sin( )
=
AW
sin( )

sin()
sin( )

......... (1)

and In QCY
sin()
CQ
=
sin( )
CY

........ (2)

from (1) and (2)

AQ
CQ
AQ
AW
=

=
AW
CY
CQ
CY

AQ
AW
a
=
=
CQ
CY
c
Now if XZ intersect AC at Q' then
AQ'
a
AQ
=
=
Q Q'
CQ'
c
CQ
AC, XZ and YW are concurrent similarly BD, XZ and YW are concurrent
Hence AC, BD, YW and XZ are concurrent
QP
Let Area of MNJ = [MNJ]
A

B
P

C
also

a
AC
ac
d
PD =
BD
bd
AP =

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30TH INDIAN NATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2015

1
AP.PD. sin()
2
adAC.BD
=
. sin()
(a c)(b d)
[APD] =

1
1
. AD . PH = (a + d)PH
2
2
1
1 a d
1 1 1

=
ad =

PH
2
2 a d

1
1 1 1
similarly
=

PE
2 a b
= ad =

1
1 1 1
=

PF
2 b c
1
1 1 1
=

PG
2 c d
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
=
+
=
+

PE
PF
PH
PG
2 a b c d
1
1
1
1

+
=
+
PE
PF PH
PG

6.

Show that from a set of 11 square integers one can select six numbers a , b , c , d , e , f such
that
a + b + c d + e + f (mod 12)
2

Sol.

If x(mod 12) then x can take 4-values 0, 1, 4, 9.

2

Now let set L1 contains all number which are congruent mod 12.
similarly L2, L3,L4 are defined
Now if out of 11-given square integers if
C-1
6 or more numbers belong to either of Li, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 then we are through select 6 out of these
2

numbers and these are required a , b ,.......,f .

C-2 If 5 or 4 are selected from a lot say from Li then at least 2. must come from one of lot out of
2

remaining 3 say Lj. Now select 4-from Li and 2 from Lj and set a , b , d , e from first 4 and c , f

from second set.

C-3
Now if maximum 3 are selected from one set out of '4' then selection must be 3, 3, 3,, 2 Now say
Li, Lj, Lk three are selected
where (i j k) then select 2-from Li and set then as a and d . Similarly select 2 from Lj and set
2

then as b , e and select 2-from Lk and set then as c , f . Clearly from this, given condition is
satisfied.
Note that if is maximum numbers of elements selected from a set out of four sets then 3.

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