Reference case

Table A2.Energy consumption by sector and source

Table A2. (quadrillion

Energy consumption
by sector
and source
Btu per year, unless
otherwise
noted)
(quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)
Reference case
Sector and source

Annual
growth
2013-2040
(percent)

2012

2013

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

Residential
Propane ..............................................................
Kerosene ............................................................
Distillate fuel oil ...................................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Natural gas .........................................................
Renewable energy1 ............................................
Electricity ............................................................
Delivered energy .............................................
Electricity related losses .....................................
Total .................................................................

0.40
0.01
0.49
0.90
4.25
0.44
4.69
10.28
9.57
19.85

0.43
0.01
0.50
0.93
5.05
0.58
4.75
11.32
9.79
21.10

0.32
0.01
0.40
0.73
4.63
0.41
4.86
10.63
9.75
20.38

0.30
0.01
0.35
0.66
4.54
0.39
4.92
10.51
9.74
20.25

0.28
0.01
0.31
0.59
4.52
0.38
5.08
10.57
9.91
20.48

0.26
0.00
0.27
0.54
4.43
0.36
5.23
10.56
10.10
20.66

0.25
0.00
0.24
0.49
4.31
0.35
5.42
10.57
10.33
20.91

-2.0%
-3.0%
-2.7%
-2.4%
-0.6%
-1.8%
0.5%
-0.3%
0.2%
0.0%

Commercial
Propane ..............................................................
Motor gasoline2 ...................................................
Kerosene ............................................................
Distillate fuel oil ...................................................
Residual fuel oil ..................................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Natural gas .........................................................
Coal ....................................................................
Renewable energy3 ............................................
Electricity ............................................................
Delivered energy .............................................
Electricity related losses .....................................
Total .................................................................

0.14
0.04
0.00
0.36
0.03
0.57
2.97
0.04
0.11
4.53
8.22
9.24
17.46

0.15
0.05
0.00
0.37
0.03
0.59
3.37
0.04
0.12
4.57
8.69
9.42
18.10

0.16
0.05
0.00
0.34
0.07
0.62
3.30
0.05
0.12
4.82
8.90
9.68
18.58

0.17
0.05
0.00
0.32
0.07
0.61
3.29
0.05
0.12
4.99
9.06
9.88
18.94

0.17
0.05
0.00
0.30
0.07
0.60
3.43
0.05
0.12
5.19
9.38
10.13
19.52

0.17
0.05
0.00
0.29
0.07
0.59
3.57
0.05
0.12
5.40
9.73
10.43
20.16

0.18
0.06
0.00
0.27
0.06
0.58
3.71
0.05
0.12
5.66
10.12
10.80
20.92

0.7%
0.8%
4.4%
-1.1%
3.3%
-0.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.0%
0.8%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%

Industrial4
Liquefied petroleum gases and other5 ................
Motor gasoline2 ...................................................
Distillate fuel oil ...................................................
Residual fuel oil ..................................................
Petrochemical feedstocks ...................................
Other petroleum6 ................................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Natural gas .........................................................
Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power ................
Lease and plant fuel7 ..........................................
Natural gas subtotal ..........................................
Metallurgical coal ................................................
Other industrial coal ............................................
Coal-to-liquids heat and power ...........................
Net coal coke imports .........................................
Coal subtotal .....................................................
Biofuels heat and coproducts..............................
Renewable energy8 ............................................
Electricity ............................................................
Delivered energy .............................................
Electricity related losses .....................................
Total .................................................................

2.42
0.24
1.28
0.07
0.74
3.33
8.08
7.39
0.00
1.43
8.82
0.59
0.87
0.00
0.00
1.47
0.73
1.51
3.36
23.97
6.87
30.84

2.51
0.25
1.31
0.06
0.74
3.52
8.40
7.62
0.00
1.52
9.14
0.62
0.88
0.00
-0.02
1.48
0.72
1.48
3.26
24.48
6.72
31.20

3.20
0.26
1.42
0.10
0.95
3.67
9.61
8.33
0.00
1.87
10.20
0.61
0.93
0.00
0.00
1.54
0.80
1.53
3.74
27.42
7.51
34.93

3.56
0.26
1.38
0.14
1.10
3.80
10.24
8.47
0.00
1.98
10.44
0.59
0.95
0.00
-0.01
1.53
0.80
1.60
3.98
28.58
7.88
36.46

3.72
0.25
1.36
0.13
1.14
3.83
10.44
8.65
0.00
2.10
10.75
0.56
0.96
0.00
-0.03
1.48
0.80
1.59
4.04
29.10
7.88
36.98

3.69
0.25
1.34
0.13
1.17
3.89
10.47
8.76
0.00
2.18
10.94
0.53
0.97
0.00
-0.05
1.44
0.81
1.58
4.05
29.29
7.83
37.12

3.67
0.25
1.35
0.13
1.20
3.99
10.59
8.90
0.00
2.29
11.19
0.51
0.99
0.00
-0.06
1.44
0.86
1.63
4.12
29.82
7.85
37.68

1.4%
0.0%
0.1%
2.9%
1.8%
0.5%
0.9%
0.6%
-1.5%
0.8%
-0.7%
0.4%
-4.5%
-0.1%
0.6%
0.4%
0.9%
0.7%
0.6%
0.7%

Energy consumption

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2015

U.S. Energy Information Administration | Annual Energy Outlook 2015

A-3

Reference case

Table A2.Energy consumption by sector and source (continued)

Table A2. (quadrillion

Energy consumption
by sector
and source
Btu per year, unless
otherwise
noted) (continued)
(quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)
Reference case
Sector and source

A-4

Annual
growth
2013-2040
(percent)

2012

2013

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

Transportation
Propane ..............................................................
Motor gasoline2 ...................................................
of which: E859 .................................................
Jet fuel10 .............................................................
Distillate fuel oil11 ................................................
Residual fuel oil ..................................................
Other petroleum12 ...............................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Pipeline fuel natural gas .....................................
Compressed / liquefied natural gas ....................
Liquid hydrogen ..................................................
Electricity ............................................................
Delivered energy .............................................
Electricity related losses .....................................
Total .................................................................

0.05
15.82
0.01
2.86
5.80
0.67
0.15
25.35
0.75
0.04
0.00
0.02
26.16
0.05
26.20

0.05
15.94
0.02
2.80
6.50
0.57
0.15
26.00
0.88
0.05
0.00
0.02
26.96
0.05
27.01

0.04
15.35
0.03
3.01
7.35
0.35
0.16
26.27
0.85
0.07
0.00
0.03
27.22
0.06
27.29

0.05
14.22
0.12
3.20
7.59
0.36
0.16
25.57
0.90
0.10
0.00
0.04
26.60
0.07
26.67

0.05
13.30
0.20
3.40
7.76
0.36
0.16
25.03
0.94
0.17
0.00
0.04
26.18
0.08
26.27

0.06
12.82
0.24
3.54
7.94
0.36
0.16
24.88
0.94
0.31
0.00
0.05
26.19
0.10
26.29

0.07
12.55
0.28
3.64
7.97
0.36
0.16
24.76
0.96
0.71
0.00
0.06
26.49
0.12
26.61

1.3%
-0.9%
10.0%
1.0%
0.8%
-1.6%
0.2%
-0.2%
0.3%
10.3%
-3.4%
-0.1%
3.1%
-0.1%

Unspecified sector13 ...........................................

0.04

-0.27

-0.34

-0.36

-0.37

-0.38

-0.38

--

Delivered energy consumption for all sectors

Liquefied petroleum gases and other5 ................
Motor gasoline2 ...................................................
of which: E859 .................................................
Jet fuel10 .............................................................
Kerosene ............................................................
Distillate fuel oil ...................................................
Residual fuel oil ..................................................
Petrochemical feedstocks ...................................
Other petroleum14 ...............................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Natural gas .........................................................
Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power ................
Lease and plant fuel7 ..........................................
Pipeline fuel natural gas .....................................
Natural gas subtotal ..........................................
Metallurgical coal ................................................
Other coal ...........................................................
Coal-to-liquids heat and power ...........................
Net coal coke imports .........................................
Coal subtotal .....................................................
Biofuels heat and coproducts..............................
Renewable energy15 ...........................................
Liquid hydrogen ..................................................
Electricity ............................................................
Delivered energy .............................................
Electricity related losses .....................................
Total .................................................................

3.01
16.10
0.01
2.90
0.01
7.92
0.77
0.74
3.47
34.93
14.65
0.00
1.43
0.75
16.82
0.59
0.91
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.73
2.06
0.00
12.61
68.66
25.73
94.40

3.14
16.36
0.02
2.97
0.01
8.10
0.65
0.74
3.67
35.65
16.10
0.00
1.52
0.88
18.50
0.62
0.92
0.00
-0.02
1.52
0.72
2.18
0.00
12.60
71.17
25.97
97.14

3.73
15.79
0.03
3.20
0.01
8.86
0.53
0.95
3.82
36.89
16.32
0.00
1.87
0.85
19.05
0.61
0.98
0.00
0.00
1.59
0.80
2.06
0.00
13.45
73.84
27.00
100.84

4.08
14.65
0.12
3.39
0.01
8.97
0.56
1.10
3.96
36.72
16.40
0.00
1.98
0.90
19.28
0.59
1.00
0.00
-0.01
1.58
0.80
2.11
0.00
13.91
74.39
27.58
101.97

4.23
13.72
0.20
3.61
0.01
9.05
0.56
1.14
3.98
36.30
16.76
0.00
2.10
0.94
19.80
0.56
1.00
0.00
-0.03
1.53
0.80
2.09
0.00
14.35
74.87
28.01
102.87

4.19
13.23
0.24
3.76
0.01
9.14
0.55
1.17
4.05
36.09
17.07
0.00
2.18
0.94
20.19
0.53
1.01
0.00
-0.05
1.49
0.81
2.06
0.00
14.74
75.39
28.46
103.85

4.17
12.96
0.28
3.86
0.01
9.13
0.56
1.20
4.15
36.03
17.64
0.00
2.29
0.96
20.88
0.51
1.04
0.00
-0.06
1.49
0.86
2.10
0.00
15.25
76.62
29.10
105.73

1.1%
-0.9%
10.0%
1.0%
-1.0%
0.4%
-0.6%
1.8%
0.5%
0.0%
0.3%
-1.5%
0.3%
0.4%
-0.7%
0.4%
-4.5%
-0.1%
0.6%
-0.1%
-0.7%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%

Electric power16
Distillate fuel oil ...................................................
Residual fuel oil ..................................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Natural gas .........................................................
Steam coal ..........................................................
Nuclear / uranium17 .............................................
Renewable energy18 ...........................................
Non-biogenic municipal waste ............................
Electricity imports................................................
Total .................................................................

0.05
0.17
0.22
9.31
15.82
8.06
4.53
0.23
0.16
38.34

0.05
0.21
0.26
8.36
16.49
8.27
4.78
0.23
0.18
38.57

0.09
0.08
0.17
7.80
17.59
8.42
6.13
0.23
0.11
40.45

0.09
0.09
0.17
8.33
17.75
8.46
6.43
0.23
0.12
41.49

0.08
0.09
0.17
9.03
17.63
8.47
6.72
0.23
0.10
42.35

0.08
0.09
0.17
9.40
17.54
8.51
7.26
0.23
0.09
43.19

0.08
0.09
0.18
9.61
17.52
8.73
7.99
0.23
0.11
44.36

1.6%
-3.0%
-1.5%
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
1.9%
0.0%
-1.8%
0.5%

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2015

U.S. Energy Information Administration | Annual Energy Outlook 2015

Reference case

Table A2.Energy consumption by sector and source (continued)

Table A2. (quadrillion

Energy consumption
by sector
and source
Btu per year, unless
otherwise
noted) (continued)
(quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)
Reference case
Sector and source
2012

2013

Total energy consumption

Liquefied petroleum gases and other5 ................
Motor gasoline2 ...................................................
of which: E859 .................................................
Jet fuel10 .............................................................
Kerosene ............................................................
Distillate fuel oil ...................................................
Residual fuel oil ..................................................
Petrochemical feedstocks ...................................
Other petroleum14 ...............................................
Petroleum and other liquids subtotal.................
Natural gas .........................................................
Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power ................
Lease and plant fuel7 ..........................................
Pipeline fuel natural gas .....................................
Natural gas subtotal ..........................................
Metallurgical coal ................................................
Other coal ...........................................................
Coal-to-liquids heat and power ...........................
Net coal coke imports .........................................
Coal subtotal .....................................................
Nuclear / uranium17 .............................................
Biofuels heat and coproducts..............................
Renewable energy19 ...........................................
Liquid hydrogen ..................................................
Non-biogenic municipal waste ............................
Electricity imports................................................
Total .................................................................

3.01
16.10
0.01
2.90
0.01
7.98
0.94
0.74
3.47
35.16
23.96
0.00
1.43
0.75
26.14
0.59
16.73
0.00
0.00
17.33
8.06
0.73
6.59
0.00
0.23
0.16
94.40

Energy use and related statistics

Delivered energy use ............................................
Total energy use ...................................................
Ethanol consumed in motor gasoline and E85 .....
Population (millions) .............................................
Gross domestic product (billion 2009 dollars) .......
Carbon dioxide emissions (million metric tons) .....

68.66
94.40
1.09
315
15,369
5,272

Annual
growth
2013-2040
(percent)

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

3.14
16.36
0.02
2.97
0.01
8.15
0.87
0.74
3.67
35.91
24.46
0.00
1.52
0.88
26.86
0.62
17.41
0.00
-0.02
18.01
8.27
0.72
6.96
0.00
0.23
0.18
97.14

3.73
15.79
0.03
3.20
0.01
8.95
0.61
0.95
3.82
37.06
24.12
0.00
1.87
0.85
26.85
0.61
18.57
0.00
0.00
19.18
8.42
0.80
8.19
0.00
0.23
0.11
100.84

4.08
14.65
0.12
3.39
0.01
9.06
0.65
1.10
3.96
36.89
24.73
0.00
1.98
0.90
27.60
0.59
18.75
0.00
-0.01
19.33
8.46
0.80
8.54
0.00
0.23
0.12
101.97

4.23
13.72
0.20
3.61
0.01
9.13
0.64
1.14
3.98
36.47
25.79
0.00
2.10
0.94
28.83
0.56
18.63
0.00
-0.03
19.16
8.47
0.80
8.81
0.00
0.23
0.10
102.87

4.19
13.23
0.24
3.76
0.01
9.22
0.64
1.17
4.05
36.26
26.47
0.00
2.18
0.94
29.59
0.53
18.55
0.00
-0.05
19.03
8.51
0.81
9.32
0.00
0.23
0.09
103.85

4.17
12.96
0.28
3.86
0.01
9.21
0.65
1.20
4.15
36.21
27.25
0.00
2.29
0.96
30.50
0.51
18.56
0.00
-0.06
19.01
8.73
0.86
10.09
0.00
0.23
0.11
105.73

1.1%
-0.9%
10.0%
1.0%
-1.0%
0.5%
-1.1%
1.8%
0.5%
0.0%
0.4%
-1.5%
0.3%
0.5%
-0.7%
0.2%
-4.5%
0.2%
0.2%
0.6%
1.4%
-0.0%
-1.8%
0.3%

71.17
97.14
1.12
317
15,710
5,405

73.84
100.84
1.12
334
18,801
5,499

74.39
101.97
1.12
347
21,295
5,511

74.87
102.87
1.12
359
23,894
5,514

75.39
103.85
1.16
370
26,659
5,521

76.62
105.73
1.27
380
29,898
5,549

0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
0.7%
2.4%
0.1%

1
Includes wood used for residential heating. See Table A4 and/or Table A17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat
pumps, solar thermal water heating, and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources.
2
Includes ethanol and ethers blended into gasoline.
3
Excludes ethanol. Includes commercial sector consumption of wood and wood waste, landfill gas, municipal waste, and other biomass for combined heat and
power. See Table A5 and/or Table A17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for solar thermal water heating and electricity generation
from wind and solar photovoltaic sources.
4
Includes energy for combined heat and power plants that have a non-regulatory status, and small on-site generating systems.
5
Includes ethane, natural gasoline, and refinery olefins.
6
Includes petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
7
Represents natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations, in natural gas processing plant machinery, and for liquefaction in export facilities.
8
Includes consumption of energy produced from hydroelectric, wood and wood waste, municipal waste, and other biomass sources. Excludes ethanol in motor
gasoline.
9
E85 refers to a blend of 85 percent ethanol (renewable) and 15 percent motor gasoline (nonrenewable). To address cold starting issues, the percentage of
ethanol varies seasonally. The annual average ethanol content of 74 percent is used for this forecast.
10
Includes only kerosene type.
11
Diesel fuel for on- and off- road use.
12
Includes aviation gasoline and lubricants.
13
Represents consumption unattributed to the sectors above.
14
Includes aviation gasoline, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
15
Includes electricity generated for sale to the grid and for own use from renewable sources, and non-electric energy from renewable sources. Excludes ethanol
and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and solar thermal water heaters.
16
Includes consumption of energy by electricity-only and combined heat and power plants that have a regulatory status.
17
These values represent the energy obtained from uranium when it is used in light water reactors. The total energy content of uranium is much larger, but
alternative processes are required to take advantage of it.
18
Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal
sources. Excludes net electricity imports.
19
Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal
sources. Excludes ethanol, net electricity imports, and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems,
and solar thermal water heaters.
Btu = British thermal unit.
- - = Not applicable.
Note: Includes estimated consumption for petroleum and other liquids. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2012
and 2013 are model results and may differ from official EIA data reports.
Sources: 2012 and 2013 consumption based on: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(2014/11)
(Washington, DC, November 2014). 2012 and 2013 population and gross domestic product: IHS Economics, Industry and Employment models, November 2014.
2012 and 2013 carbon dioxide emissions and emission factors: EIA, Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(2014/11) (Washington, DC, November 2014).
Projections: EIA, AEO2015 National Energy Modeling System run REF2015.D021915A.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2015

U.S. Energy Information Administration | Annual Energy Outlook 2015

A-5