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Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

Worked example

594

Subject

The
Steel Construction
Institute

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB

Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Design code
BS 5950: Part 4

Made by

RML

20

Sheet no.

Checked by GWO

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

Problem
Check the design of a composite slab 125 mm deep, with beams at
3 m centres, and using the deck shown below. (Note: this design is
carried out to BS 5950: Part 4: 1994.)
Deck shape:
15

ss

55

15

125

25

25

Steel thickness t = 1.2 mm (bare thickness of steel)


Steel grade

py = 280 N/mm2

Trough spacing = 300 mm


Loads
Imposed load

= 5.0 kN/m2

Partitions (imposed load)

= 1.0 kN/m2

Ceiling

= 0.5 kN/m2

Self weight (slab)

= 2.0 kN/m2 see later

Construction load (temporary) = 1.5 kN/m2 considered as imposed load


Concrete
Cube strength fcu = 30 N/mm2
Density (dry)

= 1800 kg/m3 (lightweight)

Density (wet)

= 1900 kg/m3 (lightweight)

Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

Worked example
Subject

The
Steel Construction
Institute

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB

Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Design code
BS
5950:Part
Part44
BS5950:

Made by

RML
RML

20

Sheet no.

Checked by GWO

Construction condition

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

Self weight of slab


wd = 1900 9.81 10 -6 (75 + 50/ 2) = 1.86 kN /m2
Self weight of deck = 0.12 kN/m2
Total self weight  2.0 kN/m2
Clear span = 3.0 - 0.1 = 2.9 m
Design moment in construction condition
Mu = ( 2.0 1.4 + 1.5 1.6 )

2.9 2
8

= 5.47 kN .m
Moment resistance of deck in sagging (positive bending)
Assume in the worst case that the deck is laid simply supported. The
moment resistance derives from the positive (sagging) elastic
moment resistance of the section.
Effective breadth of flat compression plate

be =

857 t
187 t
1b
py
b py

where b = 55 mm
857 1.2
187 1.2
1
280
55 280
= 46.5 mm < b

be =

According to BS 5950: Part 4 the stiffener area is ignored when


calculating the compressive resistance of the plate.

Equation
20.1

595

Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

Worked example

596

The
Steel Construction
Institute
Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Subject

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB
Made by

Design code

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

I11

web

RML

Checked by GWO

BS 5950: Part 4

length = 56 mm
be

= 46.5 mm

\efctive section

Neutral axis position


x=

( 46.5 2 + 56 ) 50
= 22.5 mm
(125 + 2 56 + 2 46.5 )

Second moment of area

2
I = 1.2 46.5 2 ( 48.8 - 22.5 ) + 125 22.5 2

50 2
2
+ 2 56
+ 2 56 ( 24.4 - 22.5 )
12

3
= 1.2(64.3 + 63.3 + 23.3 + 0.4 ) 10
= 181.6 10 3 mm 4 /trough
= 605 10 3 mm 4 /m width
Depth of web in compression = 26.3 mm
d/t = 21.9 - it is not necessary to check for local buckling of web
Elastic section modulus
Ze =

605 10 3
= 22.5 10 3 mm3 /m
( 49.4 - 22.5 )

Elastic moment resistance of section (sagging moment)


Mc = Ze 0.93 py = 22.4 10 3 0.93 280 10 -6
= 5.8 kNm > Mu ( see sheet 2)
(using a design strength of 0.93 py as in BS 5950: Part 4)

20

Sheet no.

Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

Worked example

The
Steel Construction
Institute
Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Subject

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB
Design code
BS 5950: Part 4

Made by

RML

Checked by GWO

Check deflection of slab after construction

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

Bending moment on deck after construction


= 2.0 2.92/8 = 2.10 kNm
Equivalent stress in compression plate
s

2.10
280 = 93 N /mm2
6.3

Repeating the calculation of second moment of area using this stress


(rather than py) in equation 20.1 gives:
I = 649 - 103 mm4/m width
Deflection of soffit of deck (simply supported)
5 2.0 2900 4
384 205 10 3 649 10 3
= 13.9 mm ( span/ 209 )

d2 =

This is less than the limit of span/180 in BS 5950: Part 4. If this


limit had been exceeded it would be necessary to include for the
effects of ponding of concrete at greater deflections.

Composite condition
Check moment resistance of the composite section as a reinforced
concrete slab, assuming full shear connection.
Area of deck

= (125 + 56) 2 1.2


= 434 mm2/trough

Ap

= 1448 mm2/m

Tensile resistance = 0.93 280 1448 10-3


= 377 kN

20

Sheet no.

597

Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

598

Worked example
Subject

The
Steel Construction
Institute

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB

Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Design code
BS 5950: Part 4

Made by

RML

20

Sheet no.

Checked by GWO

Neutral axis depth into concrete

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

xc =

377 10 3
= 31.4 mm
0.4 fcu 10 3

Plastic moment resistance of composite section


M p = 377 (125 - 25 - 31.4/ 2) 10 -3
= 31.8 kNm
Applied moment in composite condition
Mu = [1.6 (5.0 + 1.0 ) + 1.4( 2.0 + 0.5 )] 2.9 2 8
= 13.8 kNm
Therefore, the plastic moment resistance of the section is more
than adequate.
Check for incomplete shear connection
de
Vu = 0.8 Ac md p
+ kd

Lv
where p =

fcu

Ap
1448
=
= 0.0145
Ac 100 1000

de = 100 mm
Lv = 3000/4 = 750 mm
Typical values of empirical constants are:
Md = 130 and kd = 0.004

Equation
20.2

Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

Worked example

The
Steel Construction
Institute
Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Subject

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB
Design code
BS 5950: Part 4

Made by

RML

20

Sheet no.

Checked by GWO

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

100
Vu = 0.8 100 130 0.0145
+ 0.004 30

750
(
)
= 80 0.251 + 0.022
= 21.8 kN
Applied ultimate shear force
V = 4 Mu /L = 4 13.8/2.9 = 19.0 kN
The slab can resist the applied loads adequately without failure
by incomplete shear connection.
Check shear stress on concrete
vc =

19 10 3
= 0.19 N /mm2
100 10 3

This is relatively small according to BS 8110.

Check deflection of composite slab


Properties of cracked section:
Neutral axis depth below upper surface of slab
xe

2
= de ( (a e p ) + 2a e p - a e p )

ae = modular ratio = 15 for LWC


ae p = 0.0145 15 = 0.218
xe

= 100( 0.218 2 + 2 0.218 - 0.218 )


= 51.5 mm

Equation
20.3

599

Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)

Worked example

600

The
Steel Construction
Institute
Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN

Subject

Chapter ref.

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE
SLAB
Design code
BS 5950: Part 4

Made by

RML

Sheet no.

Checked by GWO

Second moment of area of cracked section

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

20

51.33
2
+ 0.0145 100 (100 - 51.5 ) + 649
3 15
= 3035 + 3411 + 649

Ic =

= 7095 mm 4 /mm width ( in steel units )


Service load on composite slab
ws = 5.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 = 6.5 kN/m2
Deflection under service load
5 6.5 2900 4 10 -3
384 205 10 3 7095
= 4.1 mm (or span / 707 )

d=

This is satisfactory.
Note:
Mesh reinforcement is required for crack control and fire resistance
requirements.

Equation
20.4

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