Survey & levelling

Preliminary work in road construction is surveying & leveling works. This consists of Traverse
Survey, TBM Survey, and Centre Line Setting out, Centre Line marking, Cross Section Survey
and Submittal of Drawings.
Traverse Survey
At the commencement of contract all the basic traverse points will be checked and if any are
found to be missing or appear to have been disturbed, necessary arrangements should be
made to re-establish the points and traverse survey is carried out after that.
Establishing TBMS
We did not use survey Department bench marks .The permanent concrete cube was selected
to permanent bench mark. It height was assumed hundred meters. But this point is not
sufficient for construction purposes. So reference to this point Temporary bench marks (TBM)
should be established. TBMs are used to transfer reduce levels in road construction.
Temporary bench marks should be established at the rate of four per km and also at or near
all structures.
When establishing a TBM the following facts should be considered

From one TBM it should be able to cover a long distance, when transforming reduces
levels to the road.

period.

TBM must be a fixed one. It should not damage or disturbed during the construction

It should easy to work with the established TBM. ( Easy to place the stuff on it etc. )

So to be the TBM permanent concrete is marked point on it.

The pictorial view of the concrete TBM

Pictorial view of the TBM

TBM Travers
TBM traverse is done to establish the reduce levels of each and every TBM with reference to
the Permanent bench marks established by us. Engineering level is used to establish TBMs.
Centre Line Marking
Centerline marking is the primary survey part in road construction. Centerline is useful while
setting out for any road construction work. So it is very essential marking centre line first,
before any construction work.
Equipment using for centre line marking

Linen tape

Road marking paint

Nylon cord

concrete nails
Safety equipment (e.g. Traffic cones, Bastinade boards etc.)
Centre Line Setting Out And Marking
Using total stations and approved coordinates of control points, the road centre line should be
marked at every 10m interval on the road. With the aid of rope and road marking paint, the
centre points marked in every 10m intervals of the road should be extended as a centre line
and that established centerline should be maintained until the end of the project.
Chain age Marking
Chain age marking is done to describe the location of the road. Chain age should be marked
on the road centre line in each 20m and 100m interval with meter and kilometer interval
respectively.
Equipment used for chain age marking

Linen tape

Road marking paint

Nylon cord

Concrete nails

Safety equipment (e.g. Traffic cones, Barricade boards etc.)

Process of chain age marking

Lay the nylon cord through the 20m interval centre points and draw the centerline
using chalk.

Write the chain ages using road paint.