6/4/2015

JayaprakashNarayansConceptofTotalRevolution

JayaprakashNarayansConceptof
TotalRevolution
byR.KMisraEssay

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JayaprakashNarayansConceptofTotalRevolution!
JayaPrakashoncestatedthatTotalRevolutionisacombinationof
sevenrevolu
tions,viz.,political,social,economic,cultural,ideological
orintellectual,educationalandspiritualandthemainmotivebeingto
bringinachangeintheexistingsocietythatisintunewiththeideals
oftheSarvodaya.JPhadaveryidealisticnotionofsoci
etyanditisin
thisendeavor,heshiftedfromMarxismtoSocialismandlatertowards
Sarvodaya.
Bytheearly1970s,JPcompletelywithdrewfrompartyandpower
politics,andcon
centratedmoreonsocialregenerationthrough
peacefulmeans.ThisdidnotmeanthatJPkeptquietwhiletherewas
socialandpoliticaldegenerationtakingrootinpoliticalfreedom.In
ordertobetterthesituation,despitehisoldage,heembarkedonthe
taskofworkingtowardsbringinginacompletechangeinthepolitical
andeconomiclifeofIndia.
Initially,hetriedtoorganizepeopleandmakethemconsciousor
awareofthesituationsandthenappealedtotheleaders.Butwithno
response,hebegantoorganizeyouthtosavethedemocracyfrom
degenerationandcalledthisrevolutionasTotalRevolution.The
momentumtothemovementcamewhentherewereagitationsin
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GujaratandfollowedinBiharaswell.
In1974,theBiharagitationsspiralledintomassiveprotestsbythe
peopletobringaboutachangeinthepolitical,socialandeducational
system.Atthisjuncture,JPannouncedafourfoldplanofactionthat
aimedtoparalyzetheadministration,intro
ductionofGramSwarajya
andestablishingpeoplesgovernment.Explainingthetermpeoples
government,JPstatedthatitwouldbeasmallunitofdemocracyat
thevillage,panchayat,ortheblocklevel,atallthethreelevels,if
possible.
Theseunitswereregardedasthesourcesofthepowerofthepeoplein
timesofpeace,aswellinjusticeortyranny,andmainlyforthe
reconstructionofthesocietyonthebasisofequalityandtheelimina

tionofpoverty,oppressionandexploitation.JPfurthercalleduponthe
peopleofBiharaswellastheentireIndiatounitebycuttingacross
theirindividualandpartyinterests.
HismotivebehindcharginguptheBiharstudentswastobringabouta
completechangeintheentiregovernmentalstructureandthesystem
ofIndianpolity.ItisforthisreasonhecalleditaTotalRevolution.JP
presentedtheconceptoftotalrevolutioninaverycomprehensive
manner.Hiscommitmenttosocialistandhumanisticideaswasvery
evidentintheideaoftotalrevolution.
Hewasaimingatuprootingofcorruptionfrompoliticalandsociallife
inIndia.Besidesthis,JPwantedtocreateconditionswhereinthe
peoplelivingbelowthepovertylinecouldgettheminimumnecessities
oflife.Thus,totalrevolutionwasadeviceforbringingabouta
Gandhianhumanistversionofanidealsociety.
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Inhisprisondairy,JPoncestatedthatTotalRevolutionisa
combinationofsevenrevolu
tions,viz.,political,social,economic,
cultural,ideologicalorintellectual,educationalandspiritualandthe
mainmotivebeingtobringinachangeintheexistingsocietythatisin
tunewiththeidealsoftheSarvodaya.JPhadaveryidealisticnotionof
soci
etyanditisinthisendeavor,heshiftedfromMarxismtoSocialism
andlatertowardsSarvodaya.
LikeGandhi,healsoexperimentedwithhisownbeliefs,testedhis
notionsandmodifiedhisideas.Theinherentcontradictionswithinthe
Parliamentarydemoc
racymadeJPloseanyfaithhehadinit.He
opinedthatdemocracygivesnoassuranceforabetterlifetothepeople
inthefuturewhentheyaresociallyandeconomicallyneglected.He
opinedthatonlyapeacefulrevolutioncouldbringaboutsomechange
inthesociety.
OneofthemainreasonsforlackofdevelopmentinIndia,accordingto
JP,wasthewidespreadcorruptioninallwalksoflife.Hebelievedthat
themultipartysystemandgeneralelectionseveryfiveyearshadreared
corruption.Further,thefailureofeconomicplanningandpublic
investmentsisalsoduetothiscorruption.
Throughthisrevolution,JPaimedatchangingthesocietyandalsothe
individualsoutlooktowardsthesociety.Healsoaskedtheworkersin
Bihartoprepareforthelongstruggleforachievingtheobjectivesof
totalrevolution.
Helaidoutaplanforthemovementonhowtherevolutionshould
moveonthepropagandaforpubliceducation,andconstructive
programmesconsistingofcreatingconsciousnessaboutvarioussocial
evilssuchasdowrysystem,casteconflicts,communalismand
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untouchability.Thus,JPhadaveryclearperspectiveofthesocial
idealsandobjectiveswhenhetookuponthetaskofguidingtheIndian
massesforaconcreteaction.
JPstronglybelievedthatfordemocracytobealivelyandeffective
instrumentthereisanurgentneedforastrongopposition,powerful
publicopinion,freeandfear
lesspress,ideologicalandmoralpressure
fromtheacademicians,andtradeunions.He,infact,advisedthe
peopletorevisetheirthinkingandattitudetowardsdemocratic
functioninginIndia.
WhenJanataPartycametopower,JPwashopefulthattherewouldbe
achangeinsociopoliticalandeconomicsituationinIndia.But
unfortu
nately,thepartyleaderspursuedtheirpoliticalambitionsand
wereattractedtowardsthecorruptinginfluenceofpower,despitetheir
pledgethattheywouldaimatbringingaboutajustsociety.Naturally,
thecountryslippedintooldorderofpoliticalrivalryandinfighting.
Towardstheendofhislife,JPrevealedhisthoughtsaboutIndiaand
theidealsforwhichhestruggledalltheseyears.Heexplainedsaying,
Indiaofmydreamsisacommunityinwhicheveryindividual,every
resourceisdedi
catedtotheserviceoftheweakcommunity,dedicated
toAntyodayatothewellbeingofthepoorestandtheweakest.
Indiaofmydreamsisacommunityinwhicheveryciti
zenparticipates
intheaffairsofthecommunity.Itisacommunityinwhichtheweak
areorganizedandawakenedtoimplementreformsandtokeepaneye
ontherulersitisacommunityinwhichthepeoplehavearightto
andopportunitytobringthemtobookiftheygoastrayinwhichoffice
isnotlookeduponasaprivilege,butasatrustgivenbythepeoplein
short,myvisionisofafreeprogressiveandGandhianIndia.However,
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hisdreamremainedunfulfilleddespitehislongstrugglethroughout
hislife.
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