FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

LONG REPORT
ENGINEERING WORKSHOP II
BETE 1313

SEMESTER 2

SESI 2014/2015

Single-Phase Domestic Wiring

DATE

2nd JUNE 2015

NAME

MUHAMMAD AMSYAR BIN SHAHIDAN HADZRI

MATRIX NUMBER

B 071410724

COURSE

BETT 1/1

NAME OF
INSTRUCTOR

WAN HASZERILA BINTI WAN HASSAN

KHAIRUL ANUAR BIN A. RAHMAN

EXAMINERS COMMENT

VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS

Authors
Fauzan, Syahrin, Nadzrie (JTKEK, FTK)

Revision Date
23/04/2012

1.0 TITLE: SINGLE-PHASE DOMESTIC WIRING

2.0 OBJECTIVES
After completing this lab, you should be able to:

Understand the concept, features and tools within AutoCAD Software

Perform 2D drawing using AutoCAD Software

Understand the concept in single-phase wiring and the component

involved.

Understand the standard, symbols and safety requirement in single-phase

wiring works.

Read and draw single-phase wiring diagram.

3.0 EQUIPMENT
1. PC
2. AutoCAD 2009 Software
4.0 SYNOPSIS& THEORY
Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductors used to carry electricity,
and associated devices. This is described general aspects of electrical wiring as
used to provide power in buildings and structures, commonly referred to as
building wiring.
Wiring system can be divided into two which is Domestic Wiring and Industrial
Wiring. The main difference is that, in Domestic Wiring it is mainly for houses or
living remises whereas for Industrial Wiring is for industrial building. Domestic
Wiring is using double insulated cable and Industrial Wiring is using single layer
insulated cable. This is because in the Industrial Wiring, their cable itself will be
covered or protected by conduit.
A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an
electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and
the power and signal connections between the devices. A wiring diagram usually
gives more information about the relative position and arrangement of devices and
terminals on the devices, to help in building the device. This is unlike a schematic
diagram where the arrangement of the components interconnections on the

diagram does not correspond to their physical locations in the finished device. A
pictorial diagram would show more detail of the physical appearance, whereas a
wiring diagram uses a more symbolic notation to emphasize interconnections over
physical appearance.

Figure 1: Some Electric Wiring Symbols.

For the experiment, the equipment used as the following:
4.1

AutoCAD 2009 software

AutoCAD is a software application for computer-aided design (CAD) and

drafting, in both 2D and 3D formats. For this experiment, it is needed to use 2D
formats. The software product is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc., the largest
design automation company in the world, the headquarters of which are located in
the Californian city of Sausalito. Autodesk released the First version in December
1982 in the year following the purchase of the first form of the software by
Autodesk founder, John Walker.

AutoCAD is Autodesk's flagship product and by March 1986 had become

the most ubiquitous microcomputer design program in the world, utilizing functions
such as "polylines" and "curve fitting". Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most
other CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each
user's unit connected to a graphics computer terminal.

According to its own company information, Autodesk states that the

AutoCAD software is now used in a range of industries, employed by architects,
project managers and engineers, amongst other professions, and as of 1994 there
had been 750 training centers established across the world to educate users
about the company's primary products.

The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its
interchange file format DXF have become de facto standards for CAD data
interoperability. AutoCAD has included support for .dwg, a format developed and
promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data. In 2006, Autodesk estimated the
number of active .dwg files at in excess of one billion. In the past, Autodesk has
estimated the total number of existing .dwg files as more than three billion.
AutoCAD was one of the first Computer Aided Design programs to be made
available on personal computers. It is built to help people design buildings,
products, or public spaces, without having to draw up plans by hand. In addition,
Autodesk produces many other design programs, all built to help designers or

architects work on specific projects. Their software is focused on all aspects of

rendering, both in 2D and 3D, and they consistently seek to push the envelope on
what their technologies can achieve.
Autodesk software includes industry standards for animation and product
design. For example, files created with their design software may be exported and
sent to prototyping facilities, which can input them into 3D printers to generate
immediate 3D prototypes for an affordable fee. This seamless interaction between
home software and affordable high-speed prototyping is in many ways changing
the way design is being undertaken, and has largely removed barriers to entry.
As of 2015, AutoCAD is in its thirtieth generation, and collectively with all its
variants, continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout most of
the world. By using the AutoCAD software, we can construct the wiring diagram
equipments such as:
a. MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
i.

Rated current not more than 100 A.

ii.

Trip characteristics normally not adjustable.

iii.

Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

b. MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)

i. Rated current up to 1000 A.
ii. Trip current may be adjustable.
iii. Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

c. RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)

i.

Phase (line) and Neutral both wires connected through RCD.

ii.

It trips the circuit when there is earth fault current.

iii.

The amount of current flows through the phase (line) should

return through neutral.

iv.

It detects by RCD. Any mismatch between two currents

flowing through phase and neutral detect by -RCD and trip
the circuit within 30Miliseconed.

v.

If a house has an earth system connected to an earth rod

and not the main incoming cable, then it must have all
circuits protected by an RCD (because u might not be able to
get enough fault current to trip a MCB)

vi.

RCDs are an extremely effective form of shock protection

d. ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)

i.

Phase (line), Neutral and Earth wire connected through

ELCB.

ii.

ELCB is working based on Earth leakage current.

iii.

Operating Time of ELCB:

The safest limit of Current which Human Body can

withstand is 30ma sec.

Suppose Human Body Resistance is 500 and Voltage

to ground is 230 Volt.

The Body current will be 500/230=460mA.

Hence ELCB must be operated in 30maSec/460mA =

0.65msec

5.0 PROCEDURE
Part A: Surface Wiring with PVC Mini Casing
Surface wiring is a means by which the electrical wires travel from outlet to outlet.
The plastic (PVC) raceway is used for low-voltage applications (lamps and power
points) or for computer network systems. Plastic raceway is very easy to install
because it is usually installed / attached to the wall since it never carries higher
voltage wires. Construct the wiring diagram using AutoCAD 2009 software.

Figure 2: Schematic Diagram for Single-Phase Domestic Wiring.

1. The board edge was measured base size and drawn according to the
distance required as told in the lab session that is 4 feet wide and 3 feet
long.
2. Next, the distribution board equipment which contains MCCB, RCCB, fuse
and MCB was drawn.
3. The connection line for earth, neutral and life cable was drawn from
incoming supply to each of equipment according to the schematic diagram
given with different colour for each cable.
4. Each connection cable thickness used was labeled, each of equipment was
marked and the size of board was shown in the diagram.
5. Every connection was ensured connected correctly.

Part B: Exercise
1. What are the different between Domestic and Industrial Wiring?

Domestic Wiring
Single Phase Wiring System

Industrial Wiring
Three Phase Wiring System

Using double layer insulated

Using single layer insulated

cable

cable

Mainly for houses and living

For industrial building

premises

2. Determine the application for each 6mm 2, 2.5mm2 and 1.5mm2

cables.

1.5 mm
Lighting wiring

Fan circuit

2.5 mm
13 Ampere

socket

6 mm
General power
circuit

Outlet Circuit

3. Define the functions for each electric wiring component below.

a. Single-Phase KWHR meter 240V

Adopting

advanced

electronic

units

to

allow

working without adjustment.

Auto power shut off when overload and recording

the overload frequency.

Measured electrical energy that consumed by

kilowatt per hour.

b. Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

To break the circuit connection if there is any short

circuit or overload occurs.

c. SWITCH Fuse 63A / 60A

Main switch in low voltage gears in the industry

power.

Protecting motors-cable and device against short

circuit and overload.

d. Distribution Board (DB)

A set of electricity supply system which divides an

electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while
providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for
each circuit in a common enclosure.

4. Based on schematic diagram in figure 2, re-draw a complete

schematic if we need to add a fan and an electric bell.

6.0 RESULT
Part A: Surface Wiring

7.0 DISCUSSION
As the discussion for this lab, the single-phase domestic wiring session
helps to understand the wiring diagram which is a simplified conventional pictorial
representation of an electrical circuit. The lab session was divided into two
sections; Part A creating a surface wiring diagram and Part B is the exercise.
Before continuing with Part A, the Distribution Board (DB) need to understand
because the connection of wiring need to be correct to avoid any unwanted
accident occur during the next lab session.
At Part A, it is needed to construct a wiring schematic diagram using
AutoCAD 2009 software. The schematic help the student to construct the surface
wiring with PVC mini casing for the next lab session. The schematic was drawn
according to the figure 2 given in the procedure and each cable was drawn
separately and marked with different colour such as green for earthling cable, blue
for neutral cable and black for life cable. Those three types of cable were drawn
from incoming supply to each components of the surface wiring. Each component
was drawn according to the real part on the surface wiring such as lamp, switch,
and distribution board components.
For the next part, there are four questions, three questions are asking
about theory and the fourth question asked to redraw the schematic by adding a
fan and electric bell. The redraw complete schematic diagram is shown in the
result.

8.0 CONCLUSION
The single phase domestic wiring lab session helps the student to
understand the concept of single-phase wiring and the tools involved. Thus, it also
helps the student to understand the standard symbols and safety requirement in
single-phase wiring installation process theoretically. During the lab, the student
needed to perform 2D drawing using AutoCAD software which helps to
understand the concept, features and tools of AutoCAD software. Once the
drawing constructed, the students are able to read and draw single-phase wiring
diagram. The diagram usually gives more information about the related position
and arrangement of devices and terminals to help build the surface wiring.

9.0 REFERENCES
a. Internet
o https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2011/03/20/mcbmccbelcbrccb/
o http://study.com/what_is_auto_cad.html
o http://www.techopedia.com/definition/6080/autocad
o http://claydons.org/public-html/elec/domestic_electrical_wiring.htm