SP's Naval Forces Fab-Mar 2010

SEE YOU AT DEFEXPO INDIA 2010, HALL 14, BOOTH 14.
�� AN SP GUIDE P U B L I C AT I O N
UAVs fulfill functions of

Intelligence-Surveillance
Reconnaissance, and
target, strike and combat
support roles from
on-shore and naval
platforms.
4 Page 12
Most of the areas

of instability and
social strife are in
cities and urban
areas adjacent to
seas. Under such
circumstances, ��
�� a littoral enabled
force is of February-March 2010 ▸ Vol 5 No 1
“Our armed forces personnel must be immense help.
conscious of the respect for human rights... Rs 75.00 (INDIA-BASED BUYER ONLY) www.spsnavalforces.net
(and) must follow the twin ethics of
‘minimum use of force’ and ‘good faith’ 3Page 10
during operations... they must bear in mind
that the process of winning the hearts and
minds of people is never an easy one.”
—Defence Minister A.K. Antony at the
Unified Headquarters in
Jammu
Modernisation
The first issue

��
of SP’s Naval
Forces for
2010 coin-
cides with
the Defexpo
being held
at Delhi from
February 15
to 18. We
at SP Guide
Publications
are proud to state that we are the sole
and exclusive publisher for official
Defexpo Dailies, publishing the show news
dailies and the show flyer. The cover story,
thus, befittingly is modernisation of the Indian
Navy which covers sub surface, surface and
the fleet air arm aspects comprehensively.
This is followed by an article on Littoral
Warfare which is going to effect the future
naval operations. US Navy has already com-
missioned two ships specially tailor made for
such a role and many more are on the anvil.
An insight into the Aegis missile system
has been given by no less a person than
Admiral Robert J. Natter, former US Navy’s
Commander of the US Atlantic Fleet and
Fleet Forces Command. E-2D Advanced
Hawkeye is the navy’s eye in the sky for air
defence which can fit very well into the overall
air defence environment of any country’s
navy thus an overview of the offer from US is
included in this issue. The article on naval avi-
Photographs: SP Guide Pubns
ation gives a focused glimpse into the future

of this very important branch of the navy.
The articles on Network Centric Operations,
naval UAV’s and naval armament cover the
current and future scenario, and options for
the Indian Navy. Considering the fact that
KAMOV
Upgrade Blueprint
Defexpo 2010 is devoted to the defence
industry, it was pertinent to give a rundown
on the naval shipbuilding scene in India.
In an article on shipbuilders, the writer
makes a case for the future blueprint to
be built through mergers, consolidation,
diversification and exports. It also includes a
performance review of the three Indian Navy
shipyards to include current and future ship
building plans, balance sheet and plans for
modernisation of their infrastructure. The
Besides inducting technologies from varied sources, the Indian Navy has also built
issue is wrapped up with the traditional naval up indigenous capabilities in warship designs and constructions
digest and we sign off with happy reading.
See you all at Hall 14, Stand Number One,
Pragati Maidan, Delhi. R E A R A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) S U S H I L R A M S AY
S
ince its inception, the Indian Navy unenviable stature, despite the many obsta- and exacting job. The manuals have details
(IN) prides in its ability to induct, cles faced due to red tape and bureaucratic of the frequency and tasks to be covered
absorb and exploit technologies from hurdles. during the planned maintenance cycles, or
diverse sources. Simultaneously, it refit, as it is called in the navy. Refit can be
has encouraged the build up of indigenous Surface and Sub-surface Ships carried out as early as two years, depending
JAYANT BARANWAL capabilities in warship designs and construc- Upgradation: Construction, maintenance and on the type of ships and laid out instructions.
PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF tions to such an extent that it has grown to an operation of submarines, is a highly technical Upgradation or modernisation of ships is
SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 1

formance of Russian patrol capability. On conclusion of the con-
Klub missiles have tract, the aircraft would be inducted during the
since been successfully 13th Five Year Plan.
resolved.
Rotary Wing Aircraft
Naval Aviation Sea Kings: Proposed upgradation of the Sea
King helicopters includes new radar system
Fixed Wing Aircraft and indigenous Electronic Support Measures
IL-38s: The (ESM). The technical evaluation is well under-
Modernisation of IL-38 way to find a suitable replacement for the Sea
aircraft has progressed King 42 and 42A helicopters in three variants,
quite successfully, anti-submarine, anti-surface vessels and com-
enhancing its surveil- mando carrier.
lance capabilities mani- Kamovs: The surveillance capability of the
fold. The aircraft has Kamov 25 and 28 has been enhanced with
been refurbished with the installation of indigenous ESM package.
HARRIER state-of-the-art avion- The Kamov 31s are the new induction into the
ics. Some outstanding helicopter fleet and additional Kamov 31 AEW
issues related to the are being contracted for.
installation of Dragon Advanced Light Helicopter: Eight utility ver-
suites have been ami- sion of the ALH constructed at Hindustan
cably resolved and are Aeronautics Limited have been inducted into
now operational. the helicopter fleet. However, the Naval Staff
TU-142M: The replace- Qualitative Requirements prescribed for the util-
ment plan for ageing ity helicopter to perform anti-submarine warfare
Long Range Maritime and communication roles has not been met by
Patrol Aircraft TU-142M HAL. Hence, fresh request for information has
has progressed well. been issued to leading global helicopter manu-
Dornier Navy ALH
Many globally renowned facturers like the Bell, Boeing, Eurocopters, etc.
aircraft manufacturers
done as part of the mid life update (MLU) and Multi Function Radar to be jointly developed have enthusiastically participated in the global Strike Aircraft
is generally confined to weapons and sen- by Indian and Israeli industry is also being tender for Maritime Patrol and Anti-Submarine MiG – 29Ks: Delivery of first batch of three
sors. A ship’s life is generally 25 to 30 years, considered for fitting out. The new generation Warfare Aircraft. Extensive field trials have of MiG-29K, the marine version for operating
but in Indian conditions it can be stretched Sonars HUMSA and USHUS, along with indig- been conducted with the short listed bidders on board INS Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral
beyond the life span usually guaranteed by enously developed communications and com- and finally contract for eight P8I aircraft has Gorshkov) was affected and delivery of bal-
the manufacturer. Thus, the MLU update can bat management system, would also be taken been signed which is due for simultaneous ance 13 aircraft contracted along with Admiral
be any time between 12 to 15 years. At pres- up in a phased manner during the MLUs. induction Gorshkov would take place in a phased man-
ent, a comprehensive modernisation package SSK Submarines: These submarines are of into the US Navy and IN. Delivery of the first ner. Pilot training programme to operate the
is being undertaken during the MLUs of the German origin and were introduced in the aircraft for the IN is scheduled for 2012/2013 aircraft was satisfactorily undertaken in collab-
SSK/EKM Class submarines, and SNF and mid-1980s. MLUs being carried out in India and thereafter one aircraft each year. oration with US Navy. The aircraft is equipped
Godavari Class ships for the upgradation of essentially include indigenously developed Dorniers: The Dornier fleet has been aug- with Extended Range, Beyond Visual Range
weapons and sensors. While the EKM class surveillance devices like sonars, communica- mented by inducting 11 other aircraft, some missiles, with smart bombs and mid-air buddy
modernisation package is being carried out at tion systems and electronic support mea- with Para-drop capability and the remaining to tanking facility from another MiG 29K aircraft
the Russian shipyards, work on the remaining sures, besides replacement of periscope, fire beef up short-range and medium-range mari- for deep penetration role. Additional contact
platforms is being done in India. control system and so on. MLU of two subma- time surveillance role. To improve the identi- for 24 MiG 29K is at an advanced stage of
Godavari Class: Godavari, Gomti and Ganga, rines have been carried out successfully. fication capability, Forward Looking Infra-red conclusion which would take care of air wing
that came into service around 1985-1988, EKM Submarines: Russia’s Type 877 Kilo system has also been installed. of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC), as well.
are due for MLU, especially for weapons and Class diesel-electric submarines have the Islanders: With a view to cover the capa- Sea Harriers: Upgradation programme for
sensors. The update is being carried out at reputation of being extremely quiet boats and bility gap between long range and short Sea Harrier aircraft with Derby–Beyond Visual
Naval Dockyard, Mumbai largely with fitment are in service in various countries, includ- range maritime surveillance, a case is Range missiles has been accomplished. As
of indigenously developed sonars, radars and ing India. India’s Type 877EKM Sindhugosh being processed for the Medium Range many as 14 Sea Harriers will be upgraded at
communication systems. Class submarines were being sent to Russia Maritime Reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft. the cost of $120 million (Rs 560 core).
Rajput Class Destroyers: This class has for modernisation refits since 1997. The pack- Procurement of six MRMR aircraft is being Light Combat Aircraft (Navy): This naval
five ships—Rajput, Rana, Ranjit, Ranvir age includes torpedo tube-launched mis- sought as a replacement for the ageing variant is under development at Aeronautics
and Ranvijay—which came into service in siles, radars, fire control systems, periscope, Islander 2T aircraft. The response to the glob- Development Authority, Bangalore. It is being
a phased manner beginning from the early electronic support measures, and sonar al RFP has recently been received and techni- looked upon as an aircraft with significant air
1980s. MLU of Rajput class is being undertak- and communication systems. The goal is to cal evaluation of the proposals is in progress. defence and strike capability. In addition, glob-
en by Naval Dockyard, Viskhapatnam. While bring them at parity with the more advanced Equipped with state-of-the-art weapons and al Request for Information for multi mission role
surface-to-surface supersonic missile BrahMos Type 636 improved Kilo Class variants; INS sensors such as air-to-surface missiles, sur- combat aircraft for carrier borne operations
would boost the fire power considerably, long Sindhushastra and Sindhurakshak. Some veillance radar, ESM and COMINT, the induc- has been issued to all leading manufacturers
range surface-to-air missile capability with problems relating to intial integration and per- tion will augment the medium range maritime for Indigenous Aircraft Carrier programme.
HARD & soft kill weapons

Armaments
Technological advancements in electronic warfare, ammunition and

data processing are continuously changing the nature of threats to
naval platforms
Photograph: www.raytheon.com
LIEUTENANT GENERAL (RETD) NARESH CHAND
N
aval armaments consist of under- off ranges. Some examples are: surface. Developed in 2009.
water, surface and air armament, • BGM-109 Tomahawk (General Dynamics
sensors and fire control systems. initially and Raytheon/McDonnell Douglas Surface-to-Air Missile
However, this article has descrip- US later on): Range of 2,500 km with launch SAM systems will continue
tions of only some major weapons and future capability from air, subsurface and surface. to be the backbone of Anti-
developments. Naval armament is also more • Exocet (MBDA-France): Range of 180 km; Missile Defence (AMD) sys- Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS)
complex due to the difficult environment it launch capability from air, subsurface and tems. Some examples are:
WWW.SPSNAVALFORCES.NET
operates in. Technological advancements in surface. • Barak (Rafael-Israel): This is also with India Raytheon and others.
electronic warfare, ammunition and data pro- • BrahMos (Indo/Russian): Range of 290 and has a range of 10 km with surface launch
cessing are continuously changing the nature km, is supersonic and can be launched from capability. Barak II is also being developed Guns
of threats to naval platforms thereby neces- air, surface and subsurface. which has a range of about 70 km. It is under- The 100 mm guns at present onboard the
sitating corresponding developments in sen- • 3M-54 Klub (SSN-27Sizzler; Russia): stood that a joint venture with India has been ships have a maximum reach of about 18-20
sors, and hard and soft kill weapons. Range of 300 km and is purely subsurface. undertaken with the DRDO and it has been km extending the barrel and recoil of conven-
• Zvezda Kh-35U (Russian: Х-35У; AS-20 named Barak – Next Generation. tional guns and enhancing the range by a few
Anti-Ship Missile Defence ‘Kayak’): Jet-launched version of a Russian • RIM-161(Raytheon and Aerojet-US): km. Conventional guns have inherent limitations
Technological advances have resulted in the subsonic anti-ship missile which air launched Also called the Standard Missile 3, is part in the velocity of the projectile and the range
development of highly manoeuvrable, stealthy, and has a range of 130 km. of the Aegis System with range of over 500 that can be achieved. However, research is
subsonic, and/or supersonic anti-ship ballistic • Naval Strike Missile (Norway): Range of km. A more advance system is being devel- in progress overseas for the development of
and cruise missiles beyond visual and stand- 185 km and can be launched from air and oped called RIM 174 Standard Missile 6 by Extended Range Guided Munitions (ERGM)
Continued on page 11
2 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

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Building Subs
MODERNISATION
of Russian Submarines
Pr. 636 Submarine remains
one of the most successful
examples of cooperations
between Rubin and
Admiralty Shipyards
CDB ME Rubin and the Admiralty Shipyards are providing all set of services for development, operation and
maintenance of submarines. Easy and reliable operation, powerful armament, high quality construction and
low noise level attracts the customers
A
s is known, India is a strategic them nowadays to remain a rather competi- The ammunition may include 8 missiles, thus passive antenna unique by sizes and charac-
partner of Russia and one of the tive product. Success of this Project including two successive four-missile salvoes can be teristics and capable of detecting even a very
major customers of Russian equip- today’s success is due first of all to multiyear provided. The sensors are also considerably low-noise submarine at a long distance.
ment for the Navy. Cooperation fruitful interaction between designer and ship- renewed. New sonar complex, periscope CDB ME Rubin has also developed the
with India in the field of underwater shipbuild- builder. Designer is CDM ME Rubin, the big- complex with optronic mast having infrared Amur 950 Project, where the missile compo-
ing, beginning from the late 1960s when gest Russian design bureau founded in 1901 and TV cameras and radio communication nent of weapon is of priority. The submarine
the first torpedo submarine of 641 Project who was capable to implement in the Project complex with towed cable radio antenna are has 10 universal vertical launchers for any
was supplied to the Indian Navy, is continu- all the most positive features of earlier devel- fitted. type of cruise missiles of Club-S complex.
ously developing and as of today covers all oped diesel-electric submarines. Shipbuilder New-generation submarine Amur-1650 Thus, ten-missile salvo with interval between
spheres: from deliveries of final products by is Open Joint-Stock Company the Admiralty of smaller displacement compared to Kilo launches from 5 to7 seconds is ensured.
Submarine Amur-950
Integrated combat control system with up-to-

the-minute sensors and electronic subsys-
tems makes it possible to solve all tactical
tasks and effectively use missile and torpedo
New-generation submarine armament.
Amur-1650 Foreign customers are attracted by easy
and reliable operation, powerful armament,
and high quality of construction as well as low
Russia to joint developments of equipment/ Shipyards, leader of modern Russian ship- class submarines is also a result of success- noise level of submarines designed and con-
documentation, and activities in repair and building, the oldest shipbuilding establish- ful cooperation between CDB ME Rubin and structed in Russia. At the same time, at cus-
modification of Russian-made submarines by ment in Russia founded in 1704. Over 2600 the Admiralty Shipyards. The major distinc- tomer’s request, submarines can be outfitted
Indian shipyards. Taking into account a wide ships and vessels of various types and tion is that Amur-1650 can take onboard and with equipment produced by the customer
range of interests of Indian customer and classes including more than 300 submarines use weapons in any combination and carry and third countries.
industry, CDB ME Rubin’s booth at DEFEXPO (out of them 41 nuclear-powered ones) slided out salvo firings (up to 6 missiles in a salvo). At present, CDB ME Rubin and the
2010 displays Kilo class submarines – the down the ways of the Admiralty Shipyards. Amur-1650 is a low-noise submarine. Its Admiralty Shipyards are able to provide all set
basis of Russian export submarines in the The largest series of Kilo class submarines noise level is reduced by two times compared of services for development, operation and
late 20th - early 21st centuries as well as was built at the Admiralty Shipyards including to Kilo class submarines due to the use of maintenance of submarines. They acquired
promising submarines from the Amur family 8 for the Indian Navy. ship’s machinery with low vibration specially broad experience from interaction with cus-
(Amur-1650, Amur 950). Today, modification of the Project with developed for these submarines. Amur-1650 tomers in training of personnel and engineers,
The unique feature of Kilo class sub- CLUB-S complex and state-of-the-art elec- submarine integration level and capabilities and after-sale service of supplied submarines
marines (Projects 877EKM and 636) is their tronic sensors is suggested. Four torpedo of sensors are better compared to Kilo class including supply of spare parts, conduct of
considerable modernization potential allowing tubes out of six are suitable for missile firing. submarines. The sonar complex includes a maintenance and repair works.

MOST ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
FROM GRANIT-ELECTRON CONCERN
Practically all surface combatants and ��Universal detection and homing system
submarines of the Russian Navy are fit- ��Universal onboard control system
ted with radio-electronic systems and ��Simulation and testing equipment for
devices developed by Concern Granit- complicated systems
Electron JSC. Presently designed and ��Receiving and processing signals sys-
manufactured surface combatant, sub- tems with the perspective elements ba-
marines and coastal missile systems sis application
widely employ radio-electronic integrat- ��Methods and algorithms of intellectual
ed systems developed by JSC Concern control over complicated technical ob-
GRANIT-ELECTRON. jects
JSC Concern GRANIT-ELECTRON incor- ��Systems implementing multi-position
porating a number of leading defense radio location principles
manufacturers and possessing branches ��Jam-resistant systems for information
and testing fields was founded to imple- exchange
ment perspective research programs of ��Distributed interactive technology of
developing ship-borne radio-electronic simulation and training for complicated
armaments. radio-electronic systems
Concern currently unites: Severnyi Press JSC Concern GRANIT-ELECTRON con-
JSC – manufacturer of anti-ship cruises �� centrates scientific-production potential
missiles’ homing heads and control sys- �� of daughter enterprises with the purpose
tems, Plant named after .Kulakov JSC – of maximum unification of manufactured
producer of ship-borne weapon control It is important to mention that Concern products, reduction of costs and expenses
and self-defense systems, Ravenstvo JSC delivers for export the most advanced saving which increases competiveness on
– developer of radio-technical systems for serially-tested radio-electronic systems the international markets.
different launchers, Saratov radio sets- with application of the brand-new devel-
producing plant – manufacturer of coastal opments.
and ship-borne radars, Ravenstvo-Service Within recent 15 years the Concern sup-
JSC specializes on launching and adjust- plied dozens of different complexes, sys-
ment works and service support. tems, devices and equipment to India,
The highest level and competiveness are Vietnam, Algeria, Indonesia, China. Those
ensured by the use of the unique tech- systems feature highest operational qual-
nologies and advanced achievements ities and reliability, meet most advanced
of radio techniques, computer facilities international standards. The Concern
and functional SHF-microelectronics, trains specialists from different countries
highly effective means of display and to operate and arrange service support to
multi-stage tests. earlier delivered equipment. Granit-Elec-
tron ensures guarantee and post-guar-
antee repair and maintenance within the
whole life cycle.
In order to improve efficiency and qual-
ity of post-guarantee service support the
Concern became a co-founder of joint
Russian-Indian enterprise Rooboronser-
vice India Ltd.
JSC Concern GRANIT-ELECTRON sup-
plies 3Ts-25E ship-borne target desig-
nation radar, ship-borne automated fire
control systems for the Uran-E, Yakhont, The Concern Granit-Electron JSC enter-
BrahMos anti-ship missiles and the Purga prises conduct a significant volume of
torpedo and bomb fire control system. works in cooperation with partners and
For submarines Concern Granit-Electron customers to improve quality of supplied
JSC also supplies KRM-66E integrated systems. We are ready to develop cooper-
radar system (IRS) and other equipment. ation in major directions of our activity.
For missile systems the Concern pro- The advertorial is based on the article by
duces onboard control systems including Georgiy A. Korzhavin, Doctor of technical
homing heads for the Yakhont supersonic sciences, Honoured designer of the Rus-
cruise missiles. sian Federation
Accumulated scientific-technical poten-
tial ensures strengthening positions of 3, Gospitalnaya str.,
Granit-Electron in occupies segment of St.Petersburg 191014, Russia
the market. The Concern conducts a sig- Tel. +7-812-2714585,
nificant volume of works to improve tech- Fax:+7-812-2746339
nical characteristics and reliability of the E-mail: cri-granit@peterlink.ru
equipment in such directions as: www.granit-electron.ru

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��
By Rajiv Kumar
The Severnoye Design Bureau speed of up to M 2.8 and maxi-
JSC being Russia’s leading de- mum flight range of ab.300 km.
signer of destroyers, frigates, At the final leg (at approach to
corvettes and boats has been target) flight elevation is 5 m
successfully solving tasks of which makes it practically in-
military-technical cooperation vulnerable to opponent’s coun-
with Republic of India for four termeasures.
decades now. High modernizing potential of
The cooperation was triggered the frigate enables to offer a
in 1975 by a contract for build- new version of the ship within
ing Project 61ME frigates at the short terms which will not re-
Soviet Union’s shipyards. The quire serious changes in design
lead ship of a 5-unit series (frig- but will feature more extended
ate Rajpur) was handed over to combat capabilities first of all in
the Indian Navy in 1980. Deliv- the part of air defense.
ery was followed by a number The Severnoye Design Bu-
of joint projects. reau is working on the upgrad-
In the end of last Century three ed project of frigate which will
frigates of pr.11356 also de- feature replacement of the
signed by the Severnoye Design Shtil surface-to-air missile
tem significantly increases tegration of the weapon control
Bureau specialists were handed system with the Shtil-1 verti-
defensive capabilities of the aimed at increase of efficiency
over to the Indian Navy. cal launcher.
ship in comparison with a pre- of ship’s combat employment.
The chief feature of the export Shtil-1 multi-channel SAM
vious modification with the Recently a new law was adopt-
frigate lies in its suite of arma- system developed by ALTAIR
Shtil SAM system featuring ed in Republic of India which al-
inclined-type launcher. lows Indian private companies
In addition to a new SAM to design and produce defense
missile system the Duet AK- products in the interests of na-
630-M2 close-in self-defense tional Armed Forces. The law
system is offered for instal- allows the companies to attract
lation. At customer’s request on tender basis foreign design-
the second three frigates were ers of defense equipment.
equipped with two AK-630 Enlisting of new highly tech-
artillery mounts. Duets en- nological enterprises to the
able to double density of fire implementation of the Naval
in comparison with AK-630 – Forces’ orders seems to be a
their rate of fire is up to 1000 justified measure given the ne-
rounds per minute. Availability cessity to reduce construction
of two barrels is not the only terms. It is not excluded that
difference of Duet, it features it can open new opportunities
new shapes of turret and bar- for participation of Russian
rels’ jacket. Visible over-deck companies in the programs of
part of the gun is made of the Indian Navy for example
up-to-date radio-absorbing in the manufacture of new fu-
materials which significantly ture ships on Russian design
improves characteristics of at Indian shipyards with ap-
secondary radar field. plication of advanced tech-
New capabilities of advanced nologies of all-the-year-round
ments. This is the world’s first Naval Radio Electronics Re-
radio-electronic armament sys- construction. Technical equip-
warship armed with a Club-N search Institute is intended
tems being considered in the ment of new shipyards helps
strike anti-ship system firing to conduct round defense of
process of ship’s modernization considering such a prospect
3M-54E missiles (with firing ships against any air attacks
enable to improve depth of in- with optimism.
range is up to 220 km) fitted in particular to repulse mas-
with a supersonic warhead sive missile and aerial attacks,
discharged at the final stage as well as to deliver strikes at
of the flight. surface targets.
The project was such a success The system’s composition can
that Republic of India following include one or several launch-
results of ships’ operation by ers with missiles, fire control
the Navy ordered manufacture system. The system operates
of another three frigates in Rus- interacting with the ship’s 3D
sia. The construction of second radar. The composition of the
series of frigates is carried out system offered for installa-
at the Kaliningrad-based Yantar tion on the future frigates in-
Shipyard. But these ships are cludes 2 combat modules with
not complete analogues of the 24 missiles.

first three. The major difference Such a composition enables
is availability of the BRAHMOS to ensure round defense of the
strike missile system. The sys- ship (sector of fire of 360 deg.),
tem is based on the supersonic as well as rate of fire of 30
anti-ship missile jointly devel- launches per minute as launch
oped by Russia’s NPO mashi- of the first missile can be im-
nostroenia and DRDO of the In- mediately followed by the start
dian Defense Ministry. of the second one.
BRAHMOS missile features Thus installation of the sys-

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Guarding SEA & SHORE
L i t t o r a l Wa r f a re
Most of the areas of instability and social strife are in major

cities and urban areas easily accessible from the sea. Under
such circumstances, a littoral enabled force is of immense help.
actions required Forces against the enemy close to shore. execute the desired missions. The LCS will
Photograph: www.navy.mil
to protect the The ability to conduct shallow-water (<200 also be able to undertake Special Operations
interests of the feet) ASW is essential to littoral warfare. As Forces support, high-speed transit, Maritime
US in the region, the existing systems are meant for blue water Interdiction Operations, Intelligence,
will most likely operations, a few sonar systems and weap- Surveillance and Reconnaissance, and Anti-
USS Freedom (LCS 1), the first ship come from the ons with shallow water capability have to be Terrorism/Force Protection. While complement-
in the US Navy’s new Littoral Combat Ship Class sea, and thus it acquired. ing with the capabilities of the US Navy’s larg-
is necessary for Amphibious Warfare: Amphibious warfare er multi-mission surface combatants, the LCS
T
the US Navy to plays an essential role in projecting sustain- will also be networked to share tactical infor-
he term ‘Littoral’ is derived from the operate in the littorals. The other aspect is able combat power ashore. Successful mation with other Navy aircraft, ships, subma-
Latin word ‘littoris’, meaning ‘shore’. that due to financial constraints and political amphibious warfare has the ability to conduct rines, and joint units. Its modular design will
‘Littoral Zone’ is the area which opposition, it will not be possible for the US to operational maneuvoer from the sea (OMFTS), provide commanders the required war fighting
extends from the high water mark to maintain the US bases in every potential area which includes maneuver warfare, speed, capabilities and operational flexibility.
shoreline areas. Due to the movement of water, of interest. Under such circumstances, a litto- firepower, surprise, and lift to break down It is claimed that the LCS will transform
typical landforms like sand dunes and estuar- ral enabled force will be of immense help. enemy defences without the traditional frontal naval operations in the littorals. The littoral
ies are made. In military naval terms, ‘Littoral assaults of the past. In OMFTS, the amphibi- battle space requires special capabilities to
Warfare’ implies operations in and around Equipment & Force Structure ous battle starts at sea and the launches can assure access against asymmetrical threats.
the littoral zone including surveillance, mine- Air Defence: The air threat will include tactical occur out as far as 100 nm to ensure secu- The LCS is designed to be a networked,
clearance and support for landing operations. ballistic and cruise missiles. Stealth technol- rity and tactical surprise or they can occur agile, stealthy surface combatant capable of
Littoral warfare thus involves landward as ogy will reduce the radar cross section of closer offshore. In OMFTS, naval forces use defeating anti-access and asymmetric threats
well as seaward portions of the battle space. aircraft and missiles. The land clutter and their speed and combat power to penetrate in the littorals. The LCS will complement the
Likewise, missions for the navy could range reduced reaction time in the littoral environ- a number of different sites on the beach and US Navy’s Aegis Fleet, DD(X) and CG(X). It
from forward positioning of forces to control an ment increases the problems for existing navy establish a beachhead or rapidly drive inland. will also be able to deploy independently in
adverse situation, to the landing of naval expe- early warning, tracking and targeting systems One view point is that the combination of heli- overseas littoral regions, remain on station for
ditionary forces for power projection. which were designed for the sea. Thus, effec- copters, air-cushioned landing craft (LCAC) extended periods of time either with a battle
Littoral warfare thus requires specially tive AD of the fleet and the troops ashore, and light-armored infantry are the most suit- group or through a forward-basing arrange-
designed ships and adoption of new tech- which can operate in the littoral environment, able combination for conducting Amphibious ment and will be capable of underway replen-
niques to support the changed battle envi- will be of great importance for the success of Warfare. A modern amphibious fleet is essen- ishment. It will operate with Carrier Strike
ronment. Countries, like the US and UK, are the operations. tial for successful amphibious warfare like Groups, Surface Action Groups, in groups of
already adapting to the changed strategic Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW): The aircraft LHD-class amphibious assault and command other similar ships, or independently for dip-
naval environment. The Royal marines have carrier continues to play a central role in ships, new class of amphibious ship called lomatic and presence missions. Additionally,
received a new troopship/carrier HMS Ocean. ASUW operations for the navy. It is because of LX, more of LCACs, a new amphibious assault it will have the capability to operate coop-
Plans are afoot for new helicopter carriers. The its ability to launch power-projection sorties at vehicle, a new medium lift helicopter etc. eratively with the US Coast Guard and Allies.
US Navy is planning to provide accurate fire the time and place of our choice, destroying Naval Shore Fire Support: NSFS is not a The LCS will rely greatly on manned and
power to the next generation of destroyers for or interdicting enemy ground forces and infra- classic naval warfare function but is inher- unmanned vehicles to execute missions,
supporting ground troops. Designing of arsenal structure, and providing close-air support for ent to littoral warfare. NSFS should integrate employing technologically advanced weap-
ships is underway and these are going to be expeditionary forces during amphibious opera- all fire support means available and within a ons, sensors, data fusion, C4ISR, hull form,
purely cruise missile carriers to support ground tions. There may be fewer carriers in the future, range like naval gunfire support, use of land- propulsion, optimal manning concepts, smart
operations. Littoral warfare may also involve which imply that smaller surface combatants attack cruise missiles like Tomahawk, both control systems and self defence systems.
conducting non-traditional military missions like should be able to operate independently from carrier and ship based aviation conducting The LCS will be a modular ship with its
humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, coun- the carrier and carry out similar, but limited close air support and close-in-fire support etc. platform supporting mine warfare, anti-subma-
ter-terrorism and operations for political stability. role. These surface combatants must have the The other essential aspect is joint training to rine warfare and anti-surface boat modules.
As per the US perspective, most of the capability to carry helicopters and weapon ensure coordination and safety of own troops. The LCS concept is envisioned to be an
areas of instability and social strife are in systems to counter threat of small craft. Mine Warfare: Mine Warfare and in particular advanced hull form employing open systems
major cities and urban areas, which are easily Submarine Warfare: Submarines can influ- the Mine Countermeasures (MCM), is an inte- architecture modules to undertake a number
accessible from the sea. Statistically speak- ence the land battle by conducting stealth gral part of amphibious warfare and therefore of missions and to reconfigure in response to
ing, 60 per cent of the critically significant strikes against land-based targets with plays a critical role in littoral warfare. Lessons changes in mission, threat, and technology.
urban areas across the world are located Tomahawk cruise missiles. Submarines can from past experiences state that mines are The primary missions include:
within 40 km of the coastline and 75 per cent also be used to conduct covert surveillance a serious threat to the ability to achieve and • Anti-surface warfare against hostile small
are located within 240 km of it. The military and induction/ de-induction of the Special maintain sea control and power projection. boats
This threat is amplified in the littoral battle • Mine Counter Measures
space. Former Soviet Union had about 250- • Littoral Anti-Submarine Warfare
Littoral Combat Ship—US Contract Itinerary 450,000 mines on its inventory, which could • Intelligence, Surveillance and
have been sold to other smaller countries Reconnaissance
• On May 27, 2004, the US Department of Defense announced that Lockheed Martin Corporation - Maritime Systems &
Sensors, Moorestown, N.J. Rs 216 crore ($46,501,821) and General Dynamics - Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine Rs 365 crore and would add to the existing stock of about • Homeland Defence / Maritime Intercept
($78,798,188) were each awarded contract options for final system design with options for detail designing, and construc- 100,000 mines. Thus practically all maritime • Special Operation Forces support
tion of up to two Flight 0 Littoral Combat Ships (LCS). nations need to develop effective MCM • Logistic support for movement of personnel
• One of the designs, the Lockheed design, is a high-speed semi-planning monohull. The other, the General Dynamics design, capabilities. and supplies.
is a slender, stabilised monohull, more commonly known as a Trimaran. Both the designs meet the performance require- Space and Electronic Warfare (SEW): LCS vrs Offshore Patrol Cutter: Coast guard
ments of the top-level documents and achieve objective levels in several key performance parameters. SEW is a force multiplier for protecting own ships, like OPCs, operate nearer to the coast.
• The methods by which they launch and recover both aircraft and waterborne craft are different in the two designs. The C4I systems and collecting data to attack Thus, these should be able to take on lit-
treatments of re-configurable internal volume in the two ships are also quite different. enemy’s C4I systems. The importance of SEW toral warfare role. However, the LCS is being
• The Navy has planned up to 60 ships, roughly up to Rs 556,50 crore ($12 billion). becomes more critical in littoral warfare and designed to achieve a different naval warfare
• Lockheed Martin received the contract for the LCS1 named the USS Freedom and it was commissioned in November thus needs to be strengthened and improved. mission than the Coast Guard multi-mission
2008. The General Dynamics received the contract for the LCS2 named the USS Freedom, which was commissioned
Operation Desert Storm had clearly demon- OPC. The LCS will have high speed and agil-
during January 2010.
strated that SEW is a true force multiplier. ity, which will be critical for efficient and effec-
• In April 2007, the US Navy terminated the contract for the LCS3 with Lockheed Martin and the LCS4 with General Dynamics
Force Mix and Operations: Any navy which tive conduct of the littoral missions. The LCS
due to the concern regarding cost overruns in LCS1 and LCS2.
• In April 2008, the US Navy issued a request for proposals to the two companies for three LCS ships. It had previously plans on littoral warfare must apply itself to must be capable of operating at low speeds
been planned that orders would be placed for nine flight 1(second-generation) LCS ships during 2008 and 2009, and ship make the optimum use of the existing fleet, for littoral mission operations, transit at eco-
including the submarines and fleet air arm. nomical speeds, and move at high-speed,
commissioning during the period 2010 to 2012. In July 2008, Israel requested the foreign military sale (FMS) of up to four
vessels of the LCS1 variant. The US Navy is experimenting with a new which may be necessary to avoid/prosecute
• As a result of the US Navy’s change in acquisition strategy for the Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) pro- concept called Adaptive Force Packaging that a small boat or submarine threat, conduct
gramme, the Navy can now release the pricing for the LCS3 and the LCS4 awarded contracts. The total value of the LCS3 applies innovative force mixes to create naval intercept operations over the horizon, or for
contract, awarded to Lockheed Martin Corporation on March 23, was $470,854,144 which includes ship construction, expeditionary forces centered on the LHD, insertion or extraction missions. The OPC is
non-recurring construction and additional engineering effort, configuration management services, additional crew and LPH, LHA, as well as the carrier. required to remain on station for extended
shore support, special studies and post delivery support. The total value of the LCS4 contract, awarded to General Dynamics periods of time and have a greater range
— Bath Iron Works on May 1, was Rs 20,112 crore ($433,686,769), which includes ship construction, non-recurring con- Littoral Combat Ship than the LCS.
struction and additional engineering effort, configuration management services, additional crew and shore support, special
The US is the leader in the LCS, which is an The mission packages are not included in
studies and post delivery support. The contract values do not include government costs.
entirely new class of warship, fast, agile, and the basic LCS ship cost, but are paid sepa-
• The US Navy remains committed to the LCS programmeme and there is a requirement of 55 ships to provide combatant
commanders with the capability to defeat anti-access threats in the littorals, including fast surface craft, quiet submarines
networked surface combatants. The LCS will rately. The ships were projected in early 2007
and various types of mines. operate with focused-mission packages that to cost between Rs 1,392 crore ($300 million)
deploy manned and unmanned vehicles to and Rs 1,856 crore ($400 million).

Hard & soft kill weapons Continued from page 2
projectiles for larger calibre (127 mm, 155 mm Missile (HARM) is of the US origin, manufac- by submarines which are normally armed cessing technology. It is propelled by liquid
and even larger) guns. The ERGM projectile, tured by Raytheon and has a range of 106 km. with torpedoes and mines. In addition, the propellant and its contractor is Raytheon.
with a range of upto 110 km, and inbuilt GPS • The Martel is an Anglo-French anti-radiation submarines carry decoys for evasion against Mark 48 and its upgrades: Mark48 and its
and INS, are expected to be available within missile with a range of 60 km. torpedo attack by enemy warships and sub- improved ADCAP (Advanced Capability)
the next decade. The 155 mm shells with marines. In the mid-1970s, submarines began variant are heavyweight submarine-launched
additional rocket motor drive and in-built intel- Anti submarine to be armed with anti-ship and later with land torpedoes of the US origin. The Mk48 Mod 7
ligence are also under development and are • The APR-3E airborne light ASW acoustic attack missile. Of all these weapons, the tor- Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System
expected to provide maximum ranges of up to homing torpedo of Russian origin is designed pedo is indisputably the most complete and (CBASS) torpedo is optimised for both the
320 km. to engage current and future submarine at lethal weapon. A modern torpedo is capable deep and littoral waters and has advanced
Phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS) depth from the surface down to 800 m at a of destroying targets over 40 km away clos- countermeasure capabilities. The MK48
Guns (General Dynamics now Raytheon, speed of up to 43+ knots. It can be carried by ing in at a speed of about 50 knots. It has ADCAP Mod 7 (CBASS) torpedo is the result
US): The Phalanx is an anti-ship missile various fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft and enormous processing power and is intelligent of a Joint Development Programme with the
system consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm has a range of more than 3 km. enough to choose a specific target or reject a Royal Australian Navy.
Gatling gun mounted on a swiveling base. • S3V Zagon is a guided but unpropelled depth decoy. Torpedoes form about 80 per cent of Type 53 Torpedo: It is the common name for
The Phalanx is used by the US on every class charge which is launched from a fixed wing the weaponry of a submarine and the com- a family of 53 cm torpedoes manufactured
of surface combat ship. or rotary wing platform. The sonar mounted in ponents used in a torpedo are largely repre- in Russia, starting with the 53-27 torpedo
Electro-Magnetic (EM) Rail Gun: This con- the nose of the depth charge is then activated sentative of the components used in almost all and continuing to the modern UGST. With
cept uses kinetic energy to extend the range and starts searching for hostile submarine and underwater weapons. Some examples are: the exception of the UGST which uses Mark
in an affordable manner. An EM rail gun uses guides depth charges toward the target. It has a Mark 54: The Mk54 “MAKO” Lightweight 48 style monopropellants, Soviet 53 cm
a combination of pulsed power system and sonar lock-on radius of 120 m. Torpedo integrates the existing torpedo hard- torpedoes generally use electric power, or
linear accelerator to accelerate projectiles to ware and software from the Mk46, Mk50 and kerosene mixed with various oxidisers for pro-
hypersonic velocities. Experiments have dem- Underwater weapons Mk48 torpedo programmes with state-of-the- pulsion. Its range varies from 18 to 22 km and
onstrated that the projectiles could be acceler- Underwater weapons are predominantly used art commercial-off-the-shelf digital signal-pro- has a speed of about 45 knots.
ated to achieve a speed up to 2.5 km per sec-
ond and it is possible to achieve hypersonic
velocities of up to 6 km per second.
Directed Energy Weapons (DEW)

Technology developments in future genera-
tion anti-ship missiles will make it very difficult
for countering them with conventional threats.
Thus the role of DEW has greater importance.
As an example, compact DEWs mounted on
aircraft or remote vehicles can be used to
severely degrade an adversary’s electronics,
surveillance and C3 capabilities. Incoming
missile threats can either be severely degrad-
ed or even destroyed. The technology areas
for DEW include the following:
• Laser Weapons: In the next decade laser
weapons are expected to be deployed on
board naval surface ships as CIWS. High-
energy lasers are already under advanced
stages of development in the USA, China,
Russia and Israel.
• High-power Microwave Weapons: Unlike
directed energy laser weapons that physically
destroy the target, HPM weapons use high-
power electro-magnetic energy to disrupt the
performance of electronics in computer, com-
munication and electronic systems.
Air Armament
The Indian Navy has the Sea Harrier FRS 51
and Mig21K in the process of being inducted.
The Fighters normally have guns and carry
bombs, rockets and missiles. Missiles can be
air to air and air to surface. Some of them are:
• Guns: ADEN 30 mm which is fitted on
the Sea Harrier has a muzzle velocity of
about 740m/s and rate of fire 1200-1700rpm.
Mig29k has 30mm Gryazev/Shipunov GSh-
301 (TKB-687/9A4071K) single barrel gun
with 150 AO-18 rounds.
• Bombs: Fighters can carry a variety of
bombs of many sizes and types, like free
fall, cluster, fuel air explosive, runway denial
and TV guided. KAB-500KR is a TV-guided
HE bomb and the KAB-500OD a fuel-air
bomb. Both are of Russian origin and can be
fitted on MiG-29k.
• Rockets: Rockets can be guided/unguided
and of many types: the Matra rocket pods of
French origin with 18× SNEB 68 mm rockets,
each fitted on Sea Harrier or 240mm S-24B
heavy unguided rockets (up to six) of Russian
origin which could be fitted on MiG-29k.
Missiles
Air-to-air missiles:
• AIM-9 Sidewinder is of US origin, IR homing
with a range of 1-18 km.
• Manufactured by Raytheon, AIM-120
AMRAAM is of US origin and is beyond visual
range capability with a range of 48 to 208 km.
It can be fitted on a variety of aircraft including
F22 and Tejas.
• R550 Magic is of French origin with a range
of 0.3 km to 10 km.
• R-77RVV-AE air-to-air missile is of Russian
origin with a range of 5km to 25 km.
Air-to-surface missile
• The AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation

awareness and precision targeting sup-
Unmanned Vehicles
port to the US Navy and Marine Corps. In

August 2005, Fire Scout was upgraded
from RQ-8 to MQ-8 to assign to it multi-role
capability, including the weapons delivery.
Fire Scout has the capability to be
launched and recovered from any war-
ship fitted out for helicopter operations, as
also from sparsely prepared landing zones
close to the forward edge of the battle area
(FEBA). It can carry out surveillance, find
Photographs: www.northropgrumman.com, Dassault Aviation - M. Alleaume, www.af.mil and www.schiebel.com

tactical targets, track and designate tar-
gets and provide accurate targeting data
to strike platforms such as strike aircraft,
helicopters and ships. The MQ-8B has four
rotor blades, increased payload capacity
of 270 kg and endurance in excess to eight
hours with a payload of 90 kg. Encouraged
by the successful upgradation of MQ-8B
Fire Scout, it is also being inducted in the
new Littoral Combat Ships (LCS). Baseline
payload for the USN includes the FLIR
VERSATILITY
Systems AN/AAQ-22D BriteStar II target
designation system with electro-optical and
infrared sensors and a laser range finder/
designator. Northrop Grumman is also car-
rying out a weapons integration programme
which includes the installation of two four-
packs of 2.75in rocket launchers.
Redefined
Intelligence Gathering
Historically, intelligence gathering aerial
platforms have always had to operate at
a distance from their intended intelligence
sources for fear of retribution. This limita-
tion has resulted in reduction of capability
to intercept low strength signals or gain
X-47B UCAS intelligence inputs available only close to
the source. The capability of the UAVs to
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are deployed to undertake functions of perform this vital role has changed the sce-
nario drastically. The UAVs are able to pen-
Intelligence-Surveillance Reconnaissance, and target, strike and combat etrate deeper and therefore closer to the
support roles both from on-shore and naval platforms intended targets both because of its low
detection probability as well as acceptance
R E A R A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) S U S H I L R A M S AY of greater risk in its deployment.
Offensive Operations
D
uring the last decade of the their arsenal. In classic sense, the UAVs concept has given birth to rotary UAVs With growing potential of UAVs, there is
twentieth century, the Unmanned are being deployed to undertake roles of equipped with surveillance and classifica- ever increasing endeavour towards devel-
Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have Intelligence-Surveillance-Reconnaissance tion sensors. In concretising this concept, oping larger platforms with enhanced
emerged as a versatile platform (ISR), and target, strike and combat sup- the notable programmes underway are payloads to integrate both sensors and
to undertake multi-faceted role in support port roles both from on-shore and naval Fire Scout of Northrop Grumman, Orca of weapons. The weaponisation programme
of land based, aerial and naval operations.
Consequent upon the significant contribu-
tion made by UAVs such as the Predator,
Hunter and Pioneer in the Gulf Wars,
Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan lead
to its recognition as a force multiplier. The
UAVs are designed to provide real time
imagery through reconnaissance, surveil-
lance, intelligence gathering and targeting
by using a combination of infrared/optical
sensor and a laser target designator, and
now the weapon delivery platform as well.
The UAVs combine the advantages
of aerial platforms such as speed, flex-
ibility and reach with those of unmanned
platforms such as lower cost and higher
risk employability, providing enormous
Neuron MQ-9 Reaper
operational flexibility. With its aerodynamic
design, it provides significant advantage in
terms of endurance and extended opera-
tional time on tasks, as opposed to human platforms. Various types of UAVs like mini, EADS, NRUAV of IAI-HAL, Hummingbird for UAVs was launched with MQ-1 Predator
endurance and fatigue factors inherent to micro, small, vertical take off and land- of Boeing, Camcopter of Scheibel and carrying light (50 kg) Hellfire missiles.
manned aerial platforms. The additional ing (VTUAV), medium altitude endurance Eagle Eye of Bell. These UAVs have longer This initiative has worked wonders in
benefits being not just the lower initial (MALE), high altitude endurance (HALE) endurance than manned helicopters, as is both Iraq and Afghanistan. The General
cost, but also its operating cost which is and unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) the case of the Boeing’s Hummingbird, in Atomics have now upgraded the 1 ton
also significantly lower due its reduced are ideally suited for naval operations. the region of 24 hours, far in excess to the MQ-1 Predator to the 5 ton MQ-9 Reaper.
support requirements. The UAVs can oper- The US Navy has embarked upon the performance of fixed wing UAVs. Likewise, IAI has developed the Heron
ate at heights greater than 50,000 feet UAV programme in a big way with the TP in the 5 ton class and BAES has com-
for prolonged durations, something that induction of Global Hawk, from General VTUAV menced development of the 6 ton Mantis.
manned aircraft were unable to do as a Atomics of US as part of the Broad Area Since VTUAC is capable of ship borne Each of these platforms will have the abil-
consequence of human limitations. UAVs’ Maritime Surveillance Project (BAMS) for operations, it can provide real time imagery ity to carry ordnance in excess of 1 ton, in
ability to be remotely controlled and oper- Maritime Reconnaissance (MR) duties. data to support intelligence, surveillance addition to sensor payloads. Another nota-
ated, separated by thousands of miles from The German Navy is inducting Euro Hawk and reconnaissance for operations, both ble development on the ‘combat’ UAV front
the operational location, permits its forward which is another variant of Global Hawk as from ashore and afloat. It can also reduce is the jet propelled Unmanned Combat Air
deployment with minimal logistic support a replacement for Atlantique, MR aircraft. sensor to shooter reaction time and can Vehicles (UCAVs) which would, in not too
encumbrance. The Israeli Navy has launched its IAI Heron extend its capabilities to other mission distant a future, acquire offensive capa-
as a replacement of IAI Westwind, MR areas. The US Navy has chosen the RQ-8A bilities similar to that of a manned fighter
UAVs in Maritime Domain aircraft. Increasing significance of UAVs in Fire Scout as its vertical VTUAV. Northrop aircraft. A number of such programmes
Taking cognisance of evolving poten- long endurance shore based surveillance Grumman-Ryan Aeronautical of San Diego are currently underway to encompass
tial and capabilities of the UAVs in the role, has highlighted the essentiality of was awarded an engineering and manu- stealth offensive features into the max AUW
maritime domain, most of the leading inducting UAV as an organic surveillance facturing development contract for the category of upto 20 tonnes. For instance
navies of the world are inducting it in capability for ship borne operations. This Fire Scout, which would provide situational Northrop Grumman X-47B or UCAS-D for

fully established with the potential of enor-
mous tactical advantages. Global recogni-
tion of the latest in unmanned technolo-
gies as the future of war-fighting is now
complete. The Indian Navy (IN) acquired
the pioneering status when UAVs were
inducted in its inventory in 2002. Time
is now opportune for the IN to consider
induction of ship borne VTUAVs for not only
cost effective maritime domination solu-
tions, but also other engagements, both
offensive and support operations such as
— targeting, intelligence gathering, search
and rescue, target acquisition and engage-
ment, anti-piracy and real-time battle dam-
age assessment. MALE type of UAVs is the
ideal platform for carrying a tactical control
system for conducting operations for battle
space domination. The successful devel-
opment of UCAVs, the future UAVs, has
added an exciting and revolutionary dimen-
Camcopter sion to the maritime domain.
the US Navy will be a carrier borne UCAV.

The General Atomics’ Avenger, BAES’
Taranis, Dassault’s nEUROn and MiG’s
Skat, are the other prominent development
programmes.
Support Operations
By design, UAVs are ideally suited to
undertake combat support roles, such as
Over-the-Horizon-Targeting (OTHT), Battle
Damage Assessment, Electronic Attack,
Decoying and Communication Relay,
Airborne Early Warning (AEW) missions,
etc. Current developments in this field are
being steered towards developing UAVs
that carry only the AEW receivers which
being passive, can be positioned close
to the war-zone even as the transmitter is
retained on a manned platform at stand-off
ranges. This manned-unmanned combina-
tion for AEW is expected to significantly
increase the aerial target detection ranges.
As UAVs fly much slower than currently
available aerial refueling aircraft, they can-
not be re-fuelled in the air. UAVs capable of
mid air refueling are currently under devel-
opment to overcome this deficiency.
IAI’s Heron MALE UAV

Heron is capable of MALE operations of
upto 52 hours’ duration at an altitude of
35,000 ft. Its latest version is designated
as Heron TP. It is in service with the Israel
Defence Forces apart from India and
Turkey. Heron navigates using an internal
GPS receiver or with a pre-programmed
flight plan. It can autonomously return to
the base and land in case of breakdown in
communication with the ground station. The
system is all-weather and has fully automat-
ic launch and recovery capability. Heron
can carry an array of sensors, including
infra-red and visible-light surveillance, intel-
ligence systems and various radar systems
up to a maximum weight of 250 kg. Heron
is also capable of target acquisition and
weapon delivery adjustments.
IAI’s Searcher Mk II
Searcher Mk II is a multi mission tactical
UAV system used for surveillance, recon-
naissance, target acquisition, weapon
delivery adjustment and damage assess-
ment. The Searcher Mk II has multiple
operational configurations to include SAR/
GMTI, SIGINT and EO/IR; reduced radar
detection, operations in adverse weather
conditions, automatic launch and recovery
system and state-of-the-art avionics. Its
payloads include electro Optical (TV & IR
Combination or Triple Sensor TV/IR/LD),
Synthetic Aperture Radar, COMINT &
ESM Integration Capability and can also
integrate customer furnished payloads. It
has an endurance of 20 hours, a range of
300 km, and can operate at an altitude of
23,000 ft with a payload of 120 kg.
Conclusion
Force-multiplier capability of UAVs stand

Forefront of
under construction for M/s. Greatship Global
Mazagon Dock
Offshore Services Pvt. Ltd, Singapore. They are

expected to be delivered by June 2010.
warship-building
Future outlook: The present order book posi-
tion is encouraging. Three Stealth Frigates,
three Missile Destroyers, and six Scorpene
Class Submarines are under construction for
the Indian Navy (IN). Similarly, two SSK Class
submarines are also undergoing major repairs
Mazagon Dock Limited is one of and modernisation in MDL. The order for four
ships of Project 15-B destroyers for the IN is
the most heavily loaded, producing likely to be received in the near future. The
Defence Acquisition Council has also cleared
sophisticated world-class warships seven ships of Project 17A Frigates for the
and other commercial craft IN, for construction in MDL and GRSE. The
Photograph: SP Guide Pubns

Company plans to concentrate on its core
business of construction of warships and sub-
marines for the IN, in order to deliver the ships
on time. The surplus capacity, if any, may be
utilised for commercial vessels.
Modernisation: At present, MDL is engaged
in a major modernisation programme called
Scorpene submarine Mazdock Modernisation Project (MMP). This
I
includes creation of facilities like Wet Basin,
n the year 1774, a small dry dock was million) in the previous year. ated taxes, during the year 2008-09, was Rs Modular Workshop, Heavy Duty Goliath
constructed in the Mazagon Village, • The profit is Rs 397.289 crore ($86.29 mil- 280.21 crore ($60.86). Crane, Cradle Assembly Shop and Stores.
Mumbai, to service ships of the British lion) for 2008-09 as against Rs 380.70 crore These facilities are being created as
East India Company. The company was ($82.69 million) in the previous year. Division-wise Performance “Customer Financed Assets” with funds from
named Mazagon Dock. Over the next 200 Capital Structure: The Authorised Equity Shipbuilding: The Shipbuilding Division naval projects. The infrastructure that will be
years, the dry dock progressively developed Share Capital and Preference Share Capital achieved a Value of Production of Rs1421.85 created through these projects will facilitate
into a massive conglomerate, universally of the Company as on March 31, 2009 stood crore ($307.23 million) during the year 2008- reduction in construction period and enable
known as the Mazagon Dock Limited. At at Rs 200 crore ($43.44 million) and Rs 09, as against Rs 1657.20 crore ($358.08 mil- early delivery of ships. The total cost of
present, it is the leading warship-building 123.72 crore ($26.86 million) respectively. The lion) during the previous year and against Rs the project is expected to be Rs 826 crore
yard in the country and one of the most heav- Paid-Up Equity Share Capital as on March 2085.37 crore ($450.6 million) of the Budget ($178.51 million) and the project is likely to be
ily loaded, producing sophisticated world- 31, 2009 remained at Rs 199.20 crore ($43.26 Estimate for the year 2008-09. completed by the end of 2011.
class warships and other commercial craft. million) and that of the Preference Share Submarines: The Value of Production on The additional infrastructure development
Capital was at Rs 49.49 crore ($10.74 mil- account of Submarine construction and required for the submarine construction pro-
Important events during the year lion), after redemption of second instalment of repairs was Rs 1146.43 crore ($247.72 mil- gramme was commenced by augmenting the
2008-09 Rs 24.75 crore ($5.37 million). There was no lion) during the year 2008-09, as compared existing three workshops in Alcock Yard. A
• Inauguration of Submarine Hull Workshop increase in the Authorised or Paid up Equity to Rs 659.13 crore ($142.42 million) the previ- new Submarine Section Assembly Workshop
in Alcock Yard on May 29, 2008. Share Capital during the year ous year. This was against Rs 914.63 crore ($ with 200/50T Electric Overhead Transport
• Keel Laying of Two Multipurpose Support Dividend: Taking into consideration the dis- 197.63 million) for the financial year 2008-09. (EOT) crane facility is planned to be con-
Vessels (MSVs) being built for M/s. Greatship tributable profits after the third installment Augmentation of necessary facilities is pro- structed in the Alcock Yard during the period
Global Offshore Services Pvt. Ltd, Singapore of Rs 24.74 crore ($5.36 million), for the gressing at a satisfactory pace. 2009-2011. Two new covered stores sheds
on July 14, 2008. redemption of the Preference Share Capital Commercial Vessels: One Dumb Cutter measuring 4300 sq m and 2500 sq m with 10T
• Commencement of New Wet Basin work due in 2009-10, the Board of Directors recom- Suction Dredger of 2000 cu m solids per hour / 5T EOT Crane facility are also planned to be
on September 10, 2008 as part of Mazdock mended for a dividend at 25 per cent on the pumping capacity for Dredging Corporation constructed during the period 2009-10 at Anik
Modernisation Project. Equity Share Capital amounting to Rs 49.80 of India Limited at a cost of about Rs 250 Chembur Yard. A submarine launching facility
crore ($10.81million) for the year 2008-09. crore ($54.02 million) was under trials as on at Alcock Yard has also been planned. This will
Financial highlights Contribution to central exchequer: MDL’s March 31, 2009, and was delivered by the effectively result in creation of facilities to han-
• The Value of Production for the Financial contribution to the Central Exchequer through end of November 2009. dle a second line of submarine construction.
Year 2008-09 was Rs 2568.93 crore ($557.99 Income Tax, Service Tax, Custom Duty, Two Multipurpose Support Vessels at a total
million) as against Rs 2321.69 crore ($504.29 Excise Duty, F.B.T. and dividend with associ- cost of about Rs 470 crore ($101.55 million) are —By SP’s Research Team
Indigenous
Garden Reach
EXPERTISE
Photograph: www.pib.nic.in
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd provides

high quality state-of-the-art war vessels to IN and ICG INS CHERIYAM & INS Cora Divh, conceived, designed & built by the GRSE
A
Mini Ratna Defence PSU based • ASW Corvette class of warships with stealth Helicopter Traversing Systems, Hydraulic passenger-cum-vehicle ferries (RO-
in Kolkata, the Garden Reach features for Anti-Submarine Warfare role for Boat Davits, Capstans, Anchor Windlass and RO vessels) to Andaman & Nicobar
Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) IN (four ships). The first ship is slated to be Assembly, and also conducts tests & repair Administration.
Ltd, is a leading shipyard on the launched by April 2010. of various types of diesel engines used for - MV Afra Bay & MV Karmatang – 100
Eastern Seaboard building state-of-the-art • High speed, Fast Attack Crafts (FACs) marine propulsion/power generation, under passenger-cum-vehicle ferries (RO-
warships and crafts for the Indian Navy (IN) with water Jet Propulsion for Indian Navy (six license from MTU, Germany. RO vessels) to Andaman & Nicobar
and Indian Coast Guard (ICG). GRSE was ships). During the FY (2008-09), GRSE has scaled Administration.
taken over by the Ministry of Defence in 1960 • Inshore Patrol Vessels (IPVs) for ICG (eight many new heights, setting several new records • Highest turnover record (VOP) of Rs 672.69
and is the first ever indigenous warship built ships). in performance. The important accomplish- crore ($147.5 million), a quantum jump of 17
for Indian Navy (SDB class) from GRSE’s sta- • Fast Interceptor Boats (FIB) of 12 ton and 5 ments during the year 2008-09 include: per cent from the previous year.
bles in the late sixties. Over the past 50 years, ton capacity, for coastal security (88 crafts) by • The delivery of seven ships in a financial • Highest net worth of Rs 506.85 crore
GRSE has built-up excellent capabilities for the Ministry of Home Affairs. year, and thereby setting the record of highest ($111.17 million), an increase of 4.7 per cent
in-house ship design and shipbuilding. The shipyard has also undertaken major number of ships delivered in a year. The fol- compared to the previous year.
The vision of GRSE is “to become a lead- repair work of a warship of Indian Navy and lowing ships were delivered during 2008-09: • Achieved “Excellent” rating in MOU based
ing International shipbuilder” and its mission is another warship of a friendly country. - INS Airavat, the last of the series of annual performance assessment (to be rati-
to deliver state-of-the-art war vessels of world Besides designing and building war- Landing Ship Tank (Large) to IN. fied by MOD) after a gap of 10 years.
class standards to IN and ICG, ensuring high ships, the Company also manufactures - INS Car Nicobar and INS Chetlat, the • Received ’s Award of Excellence in the
quality, competitive prices and timely delivery. diverse range of engineering equipment like first two ships of the series of ten Water category of ‘Import Substitution’ for devel-
The shipyard is at present executing following various types of Bailey Bridges, Suspension Jet Fast Attack Crafts to IN. opment of ‘Common Helicopter Traversing
shipbuilding orders: type Bridges, Centrifugal & Turbine Pumps, - MV Lapathy & MV North Bay– 65 System’ for use in the onboard Indian Navy
Continued on page 15

Focus on
Goa Shipyard
SOPHISTICATED VESSELS
Photograph: www.pib.nic.in
For over four decades, Goa Shipyard Limited has designed, built and
commissioned a wide range of sophisticated vessels for applications
Defence Minister, Shri A. K. Antony being presented a dividend
in the defence and commercial sectors with special expertise in cheque of Rs 8.47 crore for the financial year 2008-09 by the
Officiating Chairman and Managing Director of Goa Shipyard Limited
building modern patrol vessels of steel and aluminium hull structure
E
stablished in 1957, the Goa Shipyard million) in the previous year, which works out to Unit-II. Delivery to States of Goa, Gujarat, ing is facilitating the Company to overcome
Limited (GSL), is a leading ISO 9001- over 160 per cent in the previous year. Karnataka and Maharashtra are expected to temporary phase of resource constraints
2000 certified shipyard on the West MOU Rating: In terms of parameters laid down commence shortly. The police teams of vari- due to infrastructure modernisation and to
Coast of India, functioning under the in the Memorandum of Understanding signed ous states will be trained for operation and increase production potential of the yard. This
administrative control of Ministry of Defence, with the Government for the year 2008-09, the maintenance of these boats. GSL teams will has resulted in increasing the capability of the
Government of India. GSL is strategically company is expected to be rated “Excellent” be deputed to advise the State and Union shipyard to meet the commitments made to
located on the banks of river Zuari in Goa, a for its performance in the last two years. Territories marine police on the western coast the customers, fair competition amongst ser-
major international tourist destination well con- for creation of infrastructure. The in house vice providers, overall cost reduction, besides
nected by its international airport and major Financial Results infrastructure facilities are also being created meeting the tight delivery schedules of vari-
port en route all important shipping lines. Profit: During the year 2008-09, GSL has at newly acquired premises; at GSL Unit III to ous shipbuilding projects under construction.
Beginning as a small barge building yard, GSL earned highest ever Profit before Tax of Rs enhance manufacturing of the GRP boats. This initiative has also added to the value of
has garnered reputation as one of the most 125.91 crore ($27.4 million) as against Rs production of the shipyard.
sophisticated ship builders in the country. For 106.93 crore ($23.28 million) in the previous Ship Repairs
over four decades, GSL has designed, built year an increase of 17.8 per cent and made The ship repair activities have been at pres- Future Prospects
and commissioned a wide range of sophis- a net profit after tax of Rs 81.96 crore ($17.85 ent suspended due to demolition of the old The Company has set a high production target
ticated vessels for varied applications in the million) against Rs 69.97 crore ($15.23 mil- slipways. These are being replaced by build- (VOP) of Rs 866 crore ($188.6 million) which
defence and commercial sectors with special lion) in the previous year. This is an increase ing modern repair berths with ship lift system was further targeted to increase by almost 70
expertise in building modern patrol vessels of of 17.2 per cent over the last year. under the Infrastructure Modernisation project. per cent over Rs 508 crore achieved this year
steel and aluminium hull structure. However, the Company has been undertak- and net profit of Rs 118 crore ($25.69 million)
During 2009, the Company delivered and Ship Construction ing refits/repairs of naval vessels at Naval for the year 2009-10, as per the MOU signed
commissioned two large in house designed The fifth Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel Dockyard, Mumbai and Naval Ship Repair by the Company with the Government. The
105M Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) for the (AOPV) Yard 1187 was commissioned on May Yard, Karwar Company is confident of not only achieving
Indian Coast Guard. These vessels are also 20, 2008 by the Defence Minister A. K. Antony. The Company and Indian Navy have these targets, but also exceeding these sub-
the largest in the Coast Guard fleet pre- The sixth AOPV Yard 1202 (2nd in series), agreed for strategic co-operation under which stantially with optimum capacity utilisation.
senting the service with tremendous reach built with in-house design capability for Indian GSL will utilise naval facilities at Karwar for
and flexibility during operations. GSL also Coast Guard, was commissioned on January construction and underwater works of ships, Export Promotion
launched the first largest in house designed 21, 2009 by Antony. being constructed using Naval Shiplift facili- The Company has been making strenuous
NOPV (Naval OPV). The NOPV design won The first 105M Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel, ties at Karwar. efforts for exporting its products, specially the
the Company RM’s Award for Excellence. built with in-house design capability for Indian in-house designed range of Patrol Vessels.
Eight major vessels are under various stages Navy, was launched on March 30, 2009, by Order Book Position The Company in its efforts to seek export
of construction along with three sea-going all Maria Teresa Mehta, wife of Admiral Sureesh As on March 31, 2009, the net value of out- orders from abroad for its diversified range
weather Tugs for export to Royal Omanese Mehta, the former Chief of the Naval Staff. standing work against orders received for of products particularly in the Middle East
Navy, Sultanate of Oman. The 116 GRP The production of fourth Naval Offshore Patrol Ship Construction, Ship repair/refit work and has succeeded in obtaining its first order for
(glass-reinforced plastic) boats for Coastal Vessel (NOPV) Yard 1211 has commenced. General Engineering Services amounted to supply of three 12T Bollard Pull Harbour Tug
police are being delivered progressively. The construction of first of the 90M Coast approximately Rs 3,674 crore ($800 million). Boats for Royal Navy of Oman. The tugs are
Guard OPV Yard 1203 has reached the final In order to build high technology vessels under construction and are expected to be
Performance Highlights stage and the follow up on two Coast Guard and diversified products indigenously, col- delivered as per contractual schedule.
Financial Parameters: The financial param- OPVs Yards 1204 & 1205 of the 90M series is laboration/ Memorandum of Understanding In response to Request for Information
eters for 2008-09 have shown outstanding progressing at Bharuch, Gujarat. (MOU)/Transfer of Technology/ agreements (RFI) from the Ministry of Defence, Sultanate
improvement over the previous years and The construction of 2nd Sail Training Ship are being entered into with Indian/foreign of Oman, for Patrol Boats for Royal Navy of
has scaled new heights since the inception of (STS) Yard 1210 has commenced during the parties. In its endeavour to remain competi- Oman, the Company submitted the proposal
the shipyard in 1957, surpassing all previous year. The production of three Harbour tugs for tive, the Company has continued its efforts in for two variants of Patrol boats and was sub-
benchmarks. Royal Navy of Oman, Sultanate of Oman has enhancing the service provider base signifi- sequently cleared to participate in the tender
Value of Production: During the financial year also commenced in October, 2008 at sub- cantly in various disciplines of shipbuilding for these Patrol Boats, for which bid has
2008-09, the Company has achieved highest contractor’s yard activities like fabrication, piping, insulation, been submitted.
value of production of Rs 508.01 crore ($110.6 The production of indigenous GRP boats electrical cabling, electric/electronic equip-
million) as compared to Rs 317.21 crore ($69 has commenced in December 2008 at GSL ment installation and trials, etc. The outsourc- —By SP’s Research Team
Indigenous Expertise Continued from page 14
warships — which can handle Sea King • Module Hall which is a PEB with movable Hooghly. Modernisation of RBD at the cost of (ERP) System to enable their efficient func-
type Helicopters from UK, as well as the roof arrangement to facilitate integration of around Rs 30 crore ($6.58 million) is in prog- tioning in a fully integrated environment. In
Advanced Light Helicopter developed indig- small size hull blocks in to a larger pre-outfit- ress. This would significantly increase the order to achieve this, GRSE is implementing
enously by M/s HAL. ted hull module, weighing up to 200 ton. capacity of GRSE for building smaller ships a Wide Area Network and a full ERP solution,
• Received Defence Minister’s Award of • Goliath Crane of capacity 250 ton span- like FACs, IPVs etc. at a total cost of Rs 20 crore ($4.38 million),
Excellence in the category of Innovation for ning over the Module Hall, Dry Dock and The GRSE has also proposed the acqui- funded from GRSE’s internal accruals. This
the ‘Design & Manufacture of Double Lane Building Berth (Slipway) for handling pre- sition of 43 acres of land of the Ministry of is to ensure seamless and timely flow of
Bridge’. These Pre-Engineered Bridges outfitted hull modules. Defence at Diamond Harbour along with a pre- information across all stake holders, which
designed for the highest load class (IRC 70), • An integrated facility for blasting and paint- mium water front located close to the sea. The is essential for implementing integrated con-
can be erected at the site very quickly. ing of hull blocks in a controlled environment. acquisition of the land is likely to be approved struction. This would also facilitate online, real
• Paid a record dividend of 20 per cent of M/s Gifford, UK is the consultant for the shortly. This would enable GRSE to establish time sharing of information and implementa-
paid up equity capital, amounting to Rs 24.77 modernisation programme at the Company shipbuilding/repair facility for larger ships like tion of best business practices. An efficient
crore ($5.43 million) to the Government of and the principal contract comprising civil, Landing Platform Deck and also meeting the and transparent e–Procurement System is
India for the third consecutive year. structural and services works is being execut- strategic future needs of the shipyard. also being implemented.
GRSE has embarked on a major pro- ed by M/s ITD Cementation (India). The con- Considering the huge potential for Ship It can be seen from the accomplish-
gramme for modernisation of ship building tract for the Goliath Crane is being executed Design services, both in India and abroad, ments and futuristic measures that GRSE
infrastructure at it’s Main Works, and the by M/s McNally Bharat Engineering Company. GRSE has proposed to form a Joint Venture is turning into a dynamic and vibrant com-
foundation stone for the project was laid by On completion of the ongoing modernisa- with M/s DCNS, France and M/s Vision pany. The persistent efforts made have
the then RURM Shri Rao Inderjit Singh, on tion work in 2011, the capacity of GRSE to Comptech, Kolkata, for Engineering Design begun to bear results and GRSE is firmly on
February 19, 2009. The important facilities build large ships like Destroyers, Frigates, Services for Shipbuilding. The modalities for the growth trajectory today. The firm foun-
created under the ongoing programme cost- Fleet Tankers and Landing Ship Tanks, would the JV have been worked out and the pro- dations now being laid would enable GRSE
ing over Rs 500 crore ($109.67 million) include increase by more than 100 per cent. posal has been approved by the Board. Go to further consolidate on its strengths. In the
the following: GRSE acquired the Raja Bagan ahead for the JV proposal is expected from years to come, it would emerge as a lead-
• Dry Dock of 10,000 ton (180M x 29M) Dockyard (RBD) from Central Inland Water the Ministry shortly. ing shipyard with multi-dimensional engi-
capacity and portable covers. Transport Corporation in 2006. The RBD Further, all concerned shops and depart- neering capabilities.
• Building Berth (Slipway) of 4500 ton capac- is located close to Main Works of GRSE ments of GRSE are being brought under the
ity (180M x 23M) and portable covers. and has premium water frontage on river purview of Enterprise Resource Planning —By SP’s Research Team

Air Battle
All EYES in the SKY

The Indian Navy is looking forward to inducting E-2, the Northrop Grumman’s Advanced Hawkeye E2-D,
currently under development in the US
T
he operational sequence in an air world. The E-3 Sentry was built by the Boeing Grumman’s Advanced Hawkeye E2-D, under based systems with some exceptions like the
battle is detection, identification, Defence and Space Group (now Integrated development in the US and likely to undergo US and the French Navy. The Indian Navy
target designation and destruc- Defense Systems) and is based on the Boeing test and evaluation in 2011, for induction in the has thus requested for a shore based version
tion. It is inherent to an air battle to 707 aircraft. The E-2 Hawkeye was taken on US Navy. Northrop Grumman has proposed of the E-2D with enhanced endurance. It has
be fast moving and reactions are expected the US inventory in 1965 and is probably the the sale of six Advanced Hawkeye E-2D also been reported that Lockheed Martin has
within seconds. Timely detection, identification most widely used AEW system. aircraft to the Indian Navy. It was following a signed a MOU with HAL to replace E-2D’s
(friend, foe or stranger) and designation of the The UK first deployed an AEW capabil- request made by the Navy in 2008. folding wings with non folding wings that can
target to a suitable weapon system, which may ity on the Fairey Gannet AEW3, using the Woolf Gross, the corporate director of the carry additional fuel to enhance its endurance
be another aircraft, the SAM system or even AN/APS-20 radar. When the Gannet was with- company has been quoted to have stated to about eight hours without refueling.
a gun system for destruction, is very difficult. drawn, the Royal Air Force shifted the radars that the reconnaissance plane is yet to be
The problem is further compounded by the to Avro Shackleton MR2 (maritime reconnais- introduced in the US Navy and its sale to Hawkeye
limitations of the horizon of surface based sen- sance) and called it Shackleton AEW2. The India is a symbol of India-US military rela- The continuous improvements in the early
sors (like the radar), due to the antenna height. Nimrod AEW programme was started as a tions. It has already been reported that the airborne radars till 1956, led to the concept
However, the problem is overcome by raising possible replacement for ShakletonAEW2, but company has given an eight hours presenta- of an airborne early warning and command
the antenna height, by placing it on an elevat- was later cancelled, and the E-3 came in. The tion to the Indian Navy in August 2009. The and control aircraft. The first aircraft to per-
ed platform which can be a hill feature, teth- Royal Australian Air Force and the Turkish Air sale has already been cleared by the US form this mission was the Grumman E-1
ered balloon, or an aircraft. Though expensive, Force have deployed the Boeing 737 AEW&C Government, and the offer is similar to the Tracer which was replaced by E-2 Hawkeye.
an airborne sensor system is the most effective aircraft and the Swedish Air Force use the sale of Boeing’s P8I Maritime Multi-mission E-2D will replace E-2C 2000. The origi-
and can cover vast areas of the air space. S 100B Argus as their AEW platform. The S Aircraft to the Indian Navy, which will be nal E-2C, known as the Group 0, became
With a suitable crew and battle management 100B Argus is based on the Saab 340 with an simultaneously inducted into the Indian and operational in 1973 and has undergone
system, it can operate as a very effective early Ericsson Erieye PS-890 radar. The same radar the US Navy. E-2D has already been offered many changes since then. The Hawkeye
warning and control system (AEW and C) sys- is used by the Brazilian and Mexican Air Force to the UAE. 2000 features the APS-145 radar with a new
tem, which is versatile and flexible. It is used on an Embraer R-99 platform. In December Under development in the US, the E- mission computer and Combat Information
both in the navy and the air force. The Indian 2006, the Pakistan Navy requested for three P- 2D Advanced Hawkeye features a com- Center (CIC) workstations, Advanced
Air Force has just got its Phalcon Airborne and 3 Orion aircraft, equipped with Hawkeye 2000 pletely new avionics suite, including the new Control Indicator Set (ACIS), and carries the
Warning System, based on a Russian IL76 air- AEW systems. China and Pakistan also signed Lockheed Martin’s APY-9 radar, radio sets, US Navy’s new Cooperative Engagement
craft, which is bound to expand and improve a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for mission computer and integrated satellite Capability (CEC) data-link system. It is also
its operational capability. The Indian Navy is the joint development of AEW&C systems. communications capability. It also has a flight fitted with a larger capacity vapour cycle avi-
holding the ageing Russian TU-142 M and the There are only four helicopter-based AEW management system, improved engines, a onics cooling system.
Kamov Ka-3 helicopter. The navy is looking for platforms: new glass cockpit and the ability to refuel Initially, the Indian Navy was offered
a replacement for its TU-142 M. The system Royal Navy Sea King ASaC7 Naval in-flight. The Lockheed Martin’s AN/APY-9 E-2C, but they wanted the latest version
can be used for offensive and defensive roles. Helicopter: It is operated from the Royal AESA (active electronically scanned array) so that it remains operational for a long
Navy’s Invincible — class aircraft carriers. radar has a high power solid-state silicon time. E-2C has been upgraded with eight
Naval AEW&C Systems The Sea King ASaC7, and the AEW.2 and the carbide-based transmitter for extended range bladed propellers as part of the NP2000
The US Navy had a global role, and to sup- AEW.5, which were developed earlier, were the and digital receivers to increase sensitivity. programme.
port it, they developed the carrier borne battle result of the lessons learnt by the Royal Navy The surveillance envelope of the UHF radar is
groups which needed sensors capable of from the Falklands War of 1982, where lack of about 250 per cent larger than the E-2Cs and E-3 Sentry
detecting oncoming air threat in a reasonable AEW cover was a major shortcoming. can ‘see’ smaller targets and more of them at Another possible option is the E-3 Sentry
time frame. They thus started the development SH-3 Sea King: The Spanish Navy operates a greater range. The new Rotodome contains which has a naval version, the E-3C with
of a radar system in 1944, which could be it from the carriers Principe de Asturias and an electronically scanned array that provides the AN/APY-2 radar (Maritime Rack) and
based on an aircraft capable of operating from Juan Carlos I. critically important and continuous 360- other system improvements as well. About
an aircraft carrier. The first such system was Kamov Ka-31: These are of Russian origin degree scanning. This capability allows flight nine were built for NATO with no changes
tried out on a modified TBM Avenger Torpedo and deployed by Indian Navy on Krivak-III frig- operators to focus the radar on select areas in nomenclature. However, other details
Bomber which was a success. It could detect ates. They are reportedly used by the Russian of interest. The E-2D Advanced Hawkeye are not known. E-3 is primarily used by the
low flying aircraft at a range of about 160 km. Navy on its sole Kuznetsov aircraft carrier. It delivers battle management, theater air and US Air Force as an Airborne Warning and
The TBM-3W became the first early warning is fitted with E-801M Oko (Eye) airborne elec- missile defence, and multiple sensor capabili- Control System (AWACS) built on a modified
aircraft to enter service. The radar was then tronic warfare radar, which can track upto 20 ties in an airborne system. These advances Boeing 707/320 commercial airframe, with
changed to an improved AN/APS-20, but they targets simultaneously with aerial detection provide war fighters the necessary situational a rotating radar dome. Major subsystems in
were purely early warning systems with com- range of 150 km and surface warships up to awareness to compress the time between ini- the E-3 are avionic, navigation, communica-
mand, control, and management systems, 250 km. tial awareness and active engagement. tions, sensors (radar and passive detection)
which followed later. Russia was also not far AgustaWestland EH101 AEW: Employed by The E-2D is carrier based. But India and identification tools.
behind, and in 1958, a Russian version was the Italian Navy, it is considered the most mod- needs a shore based system, as the current As a very short pulse is used to
developed on TU-126, purely meant for the ern helicopter-based AEW system. and future carriers have no space or facilities decrease the sea clutter for detection of
Soviet Air Force. to operate an on-board AEW system. Indian large and small surface ships in various
Many other countries have their own Indian Perspective Navy’s aircraft carriers use ski ramp and sea states, it may be possible for any suit-
AEW&C systems, but hardly any country has At present, the Indian Navy holds the ageing the future acquisitions are also of the same able AWACS to be adapted for use as a
developed an aircraft carrier based system Russian TU-142 M and Kamov Ka-31 heli- design. For example Gorshkov also has a ski naval AEW and C system. An adaptive
meant purely for the navy. However, land copter for the AEW role, and is looking for a ramp for the launch of the Mig29K. The US digital processor automatically adjusts to
based systems meant for the air force could replacement for TU-142M. It has been report- aircraft carriers use catapult launch system variations in sea clutter and blank signals
be used by the navy. US’ E-3 Sentry and E-2 ed in the US media that the US has agreed for and its technology is now only available with reflected from land by means of stored
Hawkeye are the most popular systems in the the sale of their latest version of E-2, Northrop the US. In fact most of the countries use shore maps of land areas.

Caught in the web
Te c h n o l o g y
Network Centric Warfare would give a quantum leap to the
Photograph: www.navy.mil
existing naval capabilities and also effect its organisation,
tactics and doctrine. However, the navies will have to develop
new strategies and organisations to exploit its full potential.
Naval Warfare System that allow for superior decision-making and
execution capability for success in the battle space LIEUTENANT GENERAL (RETD) NARESH CHAND
N
etwork Centric Warfare (NCW), CEC: CEC is a sensor network with integrated Airborne EW Aircraft: Data inputs from CEC been modeled around a concept called
which originated in 1997, is the fire control that provides a means by which equipped airborne EW aircraft will extend this FORCEnet. SEA POWER 21 is the US plan
key concept of the navy to pre- data from existing sensor and fire control coverage even further, providing surface units to model their navy to face the challenges of
pare itself for the 21st century systems can be combined and distributed to more accurate tracking and situational aware- the 21st century. Its critical components are:
warfare by using the advances in information each element of a networked force. It is simple ness at ranges well beyond shipboard sensor Sea Shield, Sea Strike and Sea Basing. Sea
technology (IT) to connect ships, aircraft, and in concept but very complex to develop and coverage. At present Indian Navy does not Shield will provide naval capabilities related
shore installations with a highly integrated implement. There are many factors besides have such an aircraft, but if acquired in the to homeland defence, sea control, assured
network. This would give a quantum leap to the horizon that can effect radar detection and future, it will certainly improve the operational access, and projecting defence overland.
the existing naval capabilities and also effect so individual radars sometimes have gaps in effectiveness. Sea Shield is a broadened concept for naval
its organisation, tactics and doctrine. NCW will their tracks. But these gaps can be covered Ballistic missile Defence: CEC contributes to power projection and Sea Basing projects,
also require to achieve the capability of being by other radars in the network and thereby theater ballistic missile defence by providing a the sovereign power of the US globally.
able to operate effectively with other friendly producing a composite picture with the help continuous fire-control quality track on the mis- FORCEnet assists Sea Shield, Sea Strike
navies if the situation so demands. of data fusion. Each unit in the CEC network sile from detection to destruction. and Sea Basing in transforming the fleet into
The Advance IT will include computers, carries out data fusion with data received IT-21: IT-21 is a US Naval term which means a fully netted combat force. It integrates sail-
high-speed data links, and networking soft- from the other units. As a result, units in the IT for the 21st Century. However, it can be ors, sensors, networks, command and con-
ware to connect the navy with highly integrat- network share a common, composite and applied to any navy as it is the establishment trol platforms, and weapons into a fully net-
ed computer/telecommunications networks. real-time air-defence picture. The CEC when of intranet for transmitting tactical and admin- ted combat force. The US Navy had learned
Ships, aircraft, and shore installations will be inducted in the navy provides the following: istrative data with the help of desktop comput- the hard way about the lack of interoperable
able to share immense amount of information Synergised air picture: The synergised air ers, data links and networking software. This communications and systemic command
at great speed and without any gap. NCW picture is based on all the data available and is meant for the operations at sea with the and control problems in Grenada in 1983,
will improve the navy’s combat capability and is thus superior to that of any single sensor, fleet. The US Navy plans to build IT-21 around Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
efficiency by achieving speed in decision mak- providing tracks with identical track numbers commercial, off-the-shelf desktop computers in 1990-91 and Kosovo in 1998. They have
ing thereby enabling the commanders to take throughout the net. and networking software which should be applied the lessons learnt from the past and
decisions faster than their adversaries and Amphibious and Littoral operations: capable of providing multimedia intranet to improved upon their networking.
thus defeating them or closing there options. Operating in the littoral pose a complex war include text, data, graphics, images, voice, Any navy will have to develop new tac-
NCW enables the navy to achieve informa- fighting challenge as the operations are con- and video. The US Navy believes IT-21 will tics, doctrine, and organisations to exploit
tion superiority, has mass effect on the target ducted where merchant and civilian shipping significantly improve the US naval war-fighting the full potential of NCW. It would also affect
and prevents the adversaries from carrying may also operate, besides clutter created by capability and achieve substantial cost reduc- the type of personnel to be inducted into
out their plans. NCW also enables command, terrain and urban environment for the radars. tions by significantly reducing the time and the navy, training norms and leadership
control, communications, computers, and intel- Such an environment will require integration number of people required to carry out vari- culture. The future fleet design will also have
ligence (C4I) efforts in the navy. The key com- of sensors and combat systems in a common ous tactical and administrative functions. to be gradually conform to the concept of
ponents of NCW are Cooperative Engagement tactical picture. The CEC thus has war fighting NCW. The Indian Navy has to take stock of
Capability (CEC) and IT-21 programme (in the capability during amphibious operations by The US Navy’s FORCEnet all these factors and also their future role
US terminology). allocating radar sectors in an integrated man- The US Navy has a global role and so their including power projection while undertaking
A brief detail of NCW is as follows: ner in order to provide gap free coverage. Net Work Centric Operational network has the NCW concept.
www.spsnavalforces.net
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Follow us on Twitter Besides inducting technologies from varied sources, the Indian
Navy has also build up indigenous capabilities in warship designs
UPGRADE
and constructions BLUEPRINT
Defexpo 2010 News
The fifth Annual Maritime US Navy
? IN
Power Conference took commissions

Exclusive Interview
ow NS LY
place in New Delhi over a second Littoral

Kn ER P
with Dr M.M. Pallam Raju,

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two day period on February Combat Ship

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Minister of State
• D Y C VED
10 and 11 and began with (LCS)

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and its industrial capability. Khilanmarg.

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Power Conference
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‘Makes sense to
Combat System
acquire Aegis’
The Aegis Weapon System is the
best off-the-shelf solution to meet
the pressing need of the Indian
Navy to defend its coastline from
the threat of medium and long
range ballistic missiles
A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) R O B E R T J . N AT T E R , U S N A V Y
ing and operational employment disciplines technology throughout the projected long
that come from years of lessons learned in life cycle of their hulls. The system is highly
the fleets of other nations. Perhaps counter- scalable and modular, making it easier to
intuitively then, this approach could mean modernise and integrate with a variety of
Photographs: www.navy.mil
a great deal more for getting India’s indig- sea-borne platforms.

enous military technological base to a higher Aegis also delivers a mature, proven
plane, sooner. This approach can be mutu- interoperable capability among a variety of
ally beneficial to the foreign industry partner platforms that host the system; and not only
and its host government as well — both for among units within the same navy, but also in
technological and political reasons? joint and allied operations as well. The Aegis
Weapon System, through the US Foreign
Aegis-class destroyer USS Hopper (DDG 70) launches a standard missile (SM)
Capitalising on a Dilemma Military Sales (FMS) programme, has been
The long-term effort to develop a modern deployed to sea in five international navies.
Developing India’s Emerging tion radar of sufficient range and coverage, and effective indigenous—only combat sys- Recent policy and strategy statements from
Fleet: A Procurement Dilemma a long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) of tem capability clearly cannot meet the very Indian political and military officials have
I have followed with great interest India’s sufficient engagement capability and lethality, pressing requirement of the Indian Navy to reinforced India’s desire to expand regional
commitment to an expanded and mod- and the weapons control functions to inte- provide effective maritime defence in the cooperative arrangements and conduct more
ernised naval surface fleet to meet its grow- grate the two. In total, this is a lengthy evolu- near term. The Indian Navy fleet faces the combined naval exercises and operations to
ing strategic threats. India, like all countries, tion that could arguably take decades for potential of having to defend itself against enhance its security. Having Aegis as a cen-
must consider the costs and benefits of successful completion. The US Navy’s Aegis supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles that terpiece of the Indian Navy fleet would clear-
two potentially opposing national interests. system, the world’s premier naval combat could come as large-scale raids rather ly increase the effectiveness of the Indian
Firstly, India has a national interest in devel- system, is a prime example of the investment than single missile attacks. And the Indian Navy fleet while enhancing its contribution in
oping a more advanced indigenous defence in both time and funding required to arrive at Navy, like the navies of other nations’, will multi-national operations.
industry that will support its economy and such a capability. It took 18 years and more
ensure its long term political-military inde- than 60 missile test firings, to achieve Initial
pendence. Secondly, India must consider its Operational Capability (IOC) from concept
need to deploy at the earliest a modern and definition alone. Since achieving IOC, over
reliable naval force, by procuring a foreign- 25 years and Rs 3,7100 crore ($80 billion)
built proven combat system as a part of the have been invested by the US in continually
force. The second need, if pursued, would upgrading this system’s capability to provide
allow the Indian Navy to effectively defend effective sea-based Ballistic Missile Defence
Indian waters and project naval power to (BMD), and to deal with the modern AAW
protect its national and economic interests. threats that have evolved.
This procurement dilemma is particularly It is well recognised that the combat
applicable to the Indian Navy’s pursuit of system development efforts currently sup-
new classes of destroyers and frigates, ships ported by the Indian government have made
that will not only be important as stand-alone significant strides, but much effort, money
units, but will also be critical to their nation’s and time still remains to be given. It is a seri-
commitment to aircraft carrier battle groups ous technology challenge to develop a long
in the future. range SAM with flight dynamics that allow
Some might believe that the greatest precision control, particularly against high
benefit to India would come from its Navy speed targets and against both endo-atmo-
tapping into its indigenous defence industry, spheric and exo-atmospheric threats. It is yet
to develop and produce the next generation another challenge to develop radars with the
of surface combatants, and their support- power and signal processing capability to
A RIM-7 NATO Sea Sparrow surface-to-air missile launches
ing combat systems. In fact, I understand detect and track small as well as potentially
that a significant investment by the Indian numerous targets at long ranges. And these
government has already gone towards co- criteria, after all, are only the fundamental
development of a surface ship AAW combat building blocks. Despite overcoming the dif- be required to defend its coastline from the All of this is not to say that India should
system, and the Indian Navy might in effect ficult hurdles, a still more difficult challenge threat of very capable medium and long abandon its pursuit of military independence
be able to get the benefit of this research remains, integrating the individual system range ballistic missiles. These are immediate through a technologically advanced defence
and development. However, the benefit of components, across an array of sea-borne and impending threats—not threats foreseen industry; far from it. But I believe that the
indigenous development is not very clear. In- platforms, into a robust combat system that 10 to 20 years from now. best decision for the Indian Navy should be
depth analysis found two important reasons provides capability in all environments and Given these near term realities, the best a hybrid approach that uses the best combat
for it, the longer time period required for also against a wide variety of deadly tactical off-the-shelf solution that can counter the system available today to address immedi-
substantive development of a sophisticated and even more deadly strategic threats. threats facing the Indian Navy, is the Aegis ate needs, while developing India’s domestic
and truly integrated system, and the fact that All of the aforementioned challenges Weapon System. It is the world’s premier defence industry to achieve long-term goals
embracing a more off-the-shelf foreign solu- can be overcome more rapidly by embrac- naval air defence system and the sea-based of advanced technological capability and
tion may in fact provide much greater benefit ing an available, proven system, rather than element of the US’ Ballistic Missile Defense military independence where it makes best
for India’s indigenous development capabili- relying solely on indigenous development. System, deployed now, and not in some sense for India.
ties in the long term, because of the tailored And such a system would also address the ill-defined future. Now in its seventh genera-
integration that would be required. second aforementioned potentially positive tion, Aegis has not only been upgraded to Admiral Robert J. Natter was the US Navy’s Commander of
With regard to the time involved—the time impact for India — that cooperation with a face current and future threats, it also incor- the US Atlantic Fleet and Fleet Forces Command prior to his
that India may not have because of the grow- more mature technology provider during a porates the latest computing technology. retirement in 2003. He is president of R.J. Natter & Associates,
ing strategic threats—the successful fielding procurement and implementation project Aegis’ Open Architecture (OA) approach has LLC, a consulting firm, and does consulting work for a number
of a fleet-wide AAW capability from the bot- of this magnitude would surely result in an been adapted by the US Navy to provide of international and the US defence firms including Lockheed
tom up is substantial. It requires multi-func- accelerated transfer of systems engineer- its cruisers and destroyers cutting-edge Martin Corporation on maritime matters.

▸ ▸ ▸ In Brief Publisher &
Editor-in-Chief
Jayant Baranwal
Assistant Editor
Indian Navy plans it solo • It was funded by the and acquainted two helicop- May 2009, originally request- Arundhati Das
Government of India at a cost ter pilots of the Mauritian ed funding for eight new Senior Editorial Adviser
R. Adm (Retd) S.K. Ramsay
of Rs 6.5 crore (around $1.4 Police Helicopter Squadron navy ships. This total includ-
Senior Tech Group Editor
million). in deck landing on board ed two relatively expensive, Lt Gen. (Retd) Naresh Chand
Skipper: The skipper the ship at sea. INS ‘Savitri’ high-capability combatant Contributing Editor
selected was 42-year-old has also completed a similar ships (a Virginia Class attack Lt Gen. V.K. (Retd) Kapoor
Commander Dilip Donde of EEZ surveillance operation submarine and a DDG-51 Air Mshl (Retd) V.K. Bhatia
the IN who has sailed aboard for the Government of the commissioned in January. class Aegis destroyer) and Copy Editor
The Indian Navy (IN) had India’s only tall ship, INS Republic of Seychelles. The Nearly everything about six relatively inexpensive Sucheta Das Mohapatra
Special Correspondent
planned to undertake an Tarangini, as Executive Officer Indian Navy has increased Independence’s steep angles, ships (three Littoral Combat
Ruchika Chawla
adventure voyage of 21,600 during her maiden circum- its efforts for presence-cum- high bridge, and aluminum Ships [LCSs], two TAKE-1
Sub-Editor
nautical miles (about 38,880 navigation in 2003-2004 and surveillance in the areas of construction appears to be auxiliary dry cargo ships, Bipasha Roy
km) around the world single has also undertaken the lon- expanding piracy and has the first of its kind. That and one Joint High Speed Assistant Photo Editor
handedly during 2009. “Sagar gest solo sail of over 2,300 been actively lending support impression continues inside, Vessel [JHSV]). The navy in Abhishek Singh
Parikrama” had the following nautical miles (4,140 km) to other nations, by deploy- where a spacious mission September 2009 reduced the CONTRIBUTORS
features: from Mauritius to Goa in June ing suitable ships and aircraft module bay is reached by LCS request to two ships, India
• Will circumnavigate the 2009, by any Indian in the for such missions, but espe- stairs instead of shin-bang- reducing the total requested Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash
Vice Adm (Retd) R.N. Ganesh
globe from West to East run-up to Sagar Parikrama. cially in the EEZ of friendly ing ladders, and down below, number of all types of ships Vice Adm (Retd) P.J. Jacob
through the Southern Sailing Vessel: The sail- nations—Seychelles, Mauritius where four water jets com- to seven, of which five were R. Adm (Retd) Raja Menon
Hemisphere. ing vessel was named and Maldives. Deployment pliment two diesel and two relatively inexpensive LCSs, Cmde Rajeev Sawhney
• The voyage would include INSV Mhadei after the river of IN Ships to Mauritius and gas turbine engines. LCS is TAKE-1s, and JHSVs. The Dr W. Lawrence Prabhakar
Europe
stoppages at four Ports name- Mandovi which is based on Seychelles reflect India’s firm a fast, agile, mission-focused navy’s proposed FY2010
Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson,
ly Fremantle (Australia) 4,000 Goan tradition of honouring commitment and continued ship that demonstrates the budget also requested pro- Andrew Brookes (UK)
nms (7,200 km), Christchurch the Boat Devi of Goa and engagement in the Indian latest in naval warfighting curement funding for certain USA & Canada
(New Zealand) 3,600 nms built at a cost of Rs 4.15 Ocean Region for the overall technology. The ship is spe- navy ships that were pro- Lon Nordeen (USA)
(6,480 km), Port Stanley crore ($908,103). safety and security of interna- cifically designed to defeat cured but not fully funded Anil R. Pustam (West Indies)
(Falkland Islands) 5,000 The voyage was flagged tional maritime commerce. “anti-access” threats in shal- in prior years, and advance West Asia/Africa
H.R. Heitman (S. Africa)
nms (9,000 km) and Cape off from Mumbai on August low, coastal water regions, procurement funding for cer-
Chairman & Mg Director
Town (South Africa) 3,200 19, 2009 by the former including fast surface craft, tain other navy ships to be Jayant Baranwal
nms (5,760 km), respectively Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral quiet diesel submarines, and procured in future years. Admin & Coordination
before returning to Mumbai Sureesh Mehta. INSV Mhadei MiG-29K arrives mines. To meet the combat- Bharti Sharma, Survi Massey
5,800 nms (10,440 km). completed the halfway mark The first batch of three ant commander’s increased Design
successfully on January 15 MiG-29K aircraft arrived in demand for mission-tailored Associate Art Director: Ratan Sonal
Show Calender when it covered over 14,000 December 2009 at INS Hansa forces packages, LCS features Goodrich to supply Layout Design: Rajkumar Sharma,
Vimlesh Kumar Yadav
15 February – 18 February nms and arrived at Port Goa. A total of 16 aircraft an interchangeable modular composite components for Sales & Marketing
Defexpo India 2010 Stanley, Falkland Islands. have been contracted from design that allows the ship to Virginia Class Submarines Director: Neetu Dhulia
Pragati Maidan, Commander Dhonde had MiG RAC. These aircraft will be reconfigured to meet mis- Goodrich Corporation has Head Vertical Sales: Rajeev Chugh
New Delhi, India sailed from Christ Church be flown intensively after sion requirements. Following received a $49 million (Rs 230 Sales Manager: Rajiv Ranjan
http://www.defexpoindia.in Manager Ad-Sales: Tushar Verma
New Zealand on December their acceptance. commissioning, Independence crore) contract from Northrop
24 February – 25 February SP’s Websites
12, 2009 and travelled about will conduct further testing Grumman Shipbuilding to Senior Web Developer: Shailendra
COPONA 2010 Congreso 5,000 nm (9,000 km) in the and evaluation before eventu- provide a number of compos- Prakash Ashish
Panamericano de Poder
third leg of his voyage. This is ally heading toward its home- ite components for the next Web Developer: Ugrashen
Naval Pan-American Naval Vishwakarma
Power Conference a feat often compared to con- Protection of fishermen port in San Diego. eight Virginia Class nuclear
quering of Mount Everest yet, Defence Minister A.K. Antony, fast attack submarines, collec- Published bimonthly by Jayant
Intercontinental Hotel,
Baranwal on behalf of SP Guide
Santiago, Chile ironically, one that requires in a written reply in the Lok tively referred to as Block III. Publications P Ltd All rights reserved.
URL: www.copona.org/Event. greater mettle and much lon- Sabha, intimated that the Goodrich’s Engineered Polymer No part of this publication may be
aspx?id=220916&MAC=180 ger time. Indian Coast Guard provides US Navy non-kinetic Products team in Jacksonville, reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys-
46EDIARY tem, or transmitted in any form or by
assistance to the Indian fish- air power for OEF Florida is building components
2 March – 3 March any means, photocopying, recording,
ermen at sea while they are to support the construction electronic, or otherwise without prior
Unmanned Aircraft
in distress. Their aircraft and of one ship per year in 2009 written permission of the publishers.
Systems Conference
Sheraton San Diego Hotel & INS Savitri returns after ships carry regular patrols to and 2010, rising to two ships Printed in India:
Marina, San Diego, CA, USA anti-piracy patrols prevent Indian fishing boats per year from 2011 through by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd
URL: www.ttcus.com crossing the International 2013. The components include © SP Guide Publications, 2010
17 March – 18 March Maritime Boundary Lines and the bow dome, and sonar Letter to Editor
also conduct ‘Community Carrier Air Wing 11 employs and weapons equipment. The editor@spsnavalforces.net
Military Energy &
Alternative Fuels Interaction Programme’ to non-kinetic force to sup- Virginia Class submarines are Subscriptions & Advertising
Conference Details may be acquired from the
inform the fishermen on the port troops on the ground the first US Navy combatant contact information below:
Sheraton San Diego Hotel & perils of cross border fish- in Afghanistan, minimising designed for the post-Cold
Marina, San Diego, CA, USA SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD
URL: www.ttcus.com ing. Indian fishermen are the potential for civilian War era. Unobtrusive, non-pro- POSTAL ADDRESS
generally apprehended by casualties. Non-kinetic force vocative and connected with Post Box No 2525,
17 March – 18 March
On an formal request from foreign navies when they is intended not to cause land, air, sea and space-based New Delhi 110 005, India
Irregular Warfare
Conference the Mauritian Government, have been engaged in fish- any physical damage. The assets, the Virginia Class sub- CORPORATE OFFICE
the Indian Navy had deployed ing inside their territorial EA-6B Prowlers assigned to marines are equipped to wage A 133 Arjun Nagar,
Sheraton National Hotel
Opp Defence Colony,
Arlington, Arlington, VA, USA INS Savitri (Offshore Patrol waters. 35 Indian fishing Electronic Attack Squadron multi-dimensional warfare New Delhi 110 003, India
URL: www.ttcus.com Vessel) with a Chetak helicop- boats with 200 fishermen (VAQ) 135 deploy daily from around the globe, providing Tel: +91 (11) 24644693,
22 March – 24 March ter and Marine Commandos have been apprehended by the flight deck of the USS the US Navy with continued 24644763, 24620130
IDGA Non-Traditional for surveillance of Exclusive Pakistani Navy and 31 fish- Nimitz (CVN 68) jamming dominance in coastal waters Fax: +91 (11) 24647093
ISR Summit Economic Zone (EEZ) of ing boats with 123 fishermen electronic signals in sup- and the open ocean. REGD OFFICE
TBC, Washington, Fax: +91 (11) 23622942
Mauritius starting from have been apprehended by port of Operation Enduring Email: guidepub@vsnl.com
DC Metro Area, USA
URL: www.nontraditionalisr.com early December 2009 for Sri Lankan Navy this year. As Freedom (OEF). “Our main
REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES
one month. The ship has many as 14 Pakistani and 119 focus of effort is to dominate
23 March – 24 March BANGALORE, INDIA
Cyber Security Conference just returned after success- Sri Lankan fishing boats were the electromagnetic spec- Pentagon contract for (Air Marshal (Retd)
Sheraton National Hotel fully carrying out its mission. apprehended while fishing trum. That means we pre- Bell-Boeing project B.K. Pandey)
Arlington, Arlington, During the tour of duty, INS in Indian Exclusive Economic serve it for coalition forces, Bell-Boeing Joint Program 534, Jal Vayu Vihar,
Virginia, USA Savitri effectively sanitised Zone since January 01, 2009. and we deny its use to Office, Texas has been award- Kammanhalli Main Rd.,
URL: www.ttcus.com Bangalore 560043, India.
far flung sea areas of the Enhanced aerial and surface Afghan insurgents. If we can ed a firm-fixed-price, cost- Tel: +91 (80) 23682534
24 March – 25 March Mauritian EEZ which were surveillance/patrolling off successfully do that, many plus-fixed-fee delivery order MOSCOW, RUSSIA
Avionics Europe beyond the reach of Mauritian the sea-coast by the security times the ground commander against a previously issued LAGUK Co.,Ltd
Incorporating Defence surveillance resources. agencies would be continued may not need a bomb,” said basic ordering agreement (Yuri Laskin)
Electronics Krasnokholmskaya, Nab.,
During the deployment the to deter such incidents. Lieutenant Commander Blake to support the Naval Rotary
Passenger Terminal 11/15, app. 132,
(City Centre), Amsterdam, ship also operated closer Tornga, maintenance officer Wing Aircraft Test Squadron Moscow 115172, Russia.
Netherlands to Mauritius in coordination from VAQ-135. by providing on-site flight Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762,
URL: www.avionics-event.com with the ships and aircraft of test management, flight test Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260
29 March – 31 March the Mauritian National Coast Littoral Combat Ship engineering, design engineer- www.spguidepublications.com
RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836
DIMDEX 2010 - Doha Guard. The ship also utilised commissioned ing and related efforts to sup-
International Maritime the opportunity to impart Equipped with advanced Blueprint of US Navy port the conduct of flight and
Defence Exhibition quality sea training to Marine technology, unique manning Force Structure & ground testing for the MV-22
Doha Exhibition Centre, Commandos of the Mauritian and a very recognisable tri- Shipbuilding Plans tilt rotor aircraft.
Doha, Qatar
URL: www.dimdex.com Coast Guard for undertaking hull, Pre-Commissioning Unit The US Navy’s proposed
Boarding Operation at sea Independence (LCS 2) was FY2010 budget, submitted in

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SEE YOU AT DEFEXPO INDIA 2010, HALL 14, BOOTH 14.

UAVs fulfill functions of

Most of the areas

The first issue

ation gives a focused glimpse into the future

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 1

HARD & soft kill weapons

Technological advancements in electronic warfare, ammunition and

LIEUTENANT GENERAL (RETD) NARESH CHAND

2 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 3

Integrated combat control system with up-to-

4 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

6 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 7

not complete analogues of the 24 missiles.

8 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 9

Most of the areas of instability and social strife are in major

10 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

Directed Energy Weapons (DEW)

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 11

port to the US Navy and Marine Corps. In

Photographs: www.northropgrumman.com, Dassault Aviation - M. Alleaume, www.af.mil and www.schiebel.com

12 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

the US Navy will be a carrier borne UCAV.

IAI’s Heron MALE UAV

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 13

Offshore Services Pvt. Ltd, Singapore. They are

Photograph: SP Guide Pubns

Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd provides

14 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

Indigenous Expertise Continued from page 14

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 15

All EYES in the SKY

16 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

Network Centric Warfare would give a quantum leap to the

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Home Current Issue News Advertising Publications About Us

Power Conference took commissions

place in New Delhi over a second Littoral

with Dr M.M. Pallam Raju,

two day period on February Combat Ship

10 and 11 and began with (LCS)

the Indian Army Personnel

“Defexpo is one great statement

who recently lost their lives

of the size of the Indian market

and its industrial capability. Khilanmarg.

I’m sure it’ll emerge as a great Annual Maritime

a great deal more for getting India’s indig- sea-borne platforms.

18 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 1/2010 19

Design and production of electronic defence systems by ELETTRONICA S.p.A.

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SP's Naval Forces Fab-Mar 2010

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