Rigid

This field is used to enter weight of rigid fittings like valves, flanges
etc. A standard database is available in the software (based on ASME
valves and flanges). Apart from inputting weights, this field has an important
function. If activated, the program understands that the element should be
considered as a non-flexible element. Hence while modeling equipment, the
equipment element is given a rigid weight of 0 (zero). The program considers
the element as a rigid element and not as a flexible pipe element. Weight of
fluid, insulation and pipe will not be considered for an element referred in the
input as a rigid element. Refer Annexure I, pages 9 & 11 for details.
SIFs and tees
CEASAR II has a database for almost all common tees. By
specifying the type of tee, it s flexibility and SIFs are picked up from the
database. For a tee outside the database one has to calculate the SIFs and
feed it into the input. For reducers, as advised in the CAESAR II manual,
average diameter and thickness is to be entered into the input and SIF value
of 2 is to be provided at both nodes inlet and outlet. Refer Annexure I, page
24 for details.
Restraints
Restraint entry may be evoked by activating the restraint box.
The most common restraints are resting (+Y), guides and limit stops and
anchors. X stops or Z stops may be specified if the line is along X or Z axes.
Rotational stops are RX, RY, and RZ. The other restraint types available in
the CAESAR II database are XROD,YROD,ZROD etc (rigid rods, commonly
used for finer adjustments of rotating equipment), X2,Y2,Z2 etc (used for soil
modeling e.g.: in buried pipe modeling of CAESAR II package),
XSNB,YSNB,ZSNB (snubbers
supports that allow slow movements like
thermal expansions but do not allow quick movements like wind earthquake
etc). By default stiffness of the restraint is supposed to be 1e15 N/mm. If
stiffness of the structure is known, it can be fed in at this box (This is not
normally used, due to the difficulty of getting the right stiffness. Moreover an
y
change in structure will effect the stress calculation). For all resting support
s
(especially for heavy pipes and for piping near equipment) one has to enter
the co-efficient of friction. For CS to CS surface = 0.3, SS to CS surface
= 0.15, and for PTFE to SS surface = 0.10. If the restraint has an initial
displacement, the value can be fed vide a CNODE. A restraint connects the
pipe to a rigid element in space, whereas by specifying connecting nodes
(CNODE) the pipe is connected via the CNODE. All parameters specified in
the CNODE apply to the restraint point. Refer Annexure I, page 12 for
details.
Displacement
This field is used to input initial displacements at a specific
point (e.g.: equipment nozzle displacement). Basically by providing
displacement values in the input, one is providing restraints with initial
movement. One has to enter the node no., displacements and rotations in
the three directions. If any entry is left blank, the program assumes that that
particular displacement/rotation is free. Refer Annexure I, page 13 for
details.