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Structural Changes
The SAP R/3 System offers an integrated solution that includes business
applications for all company areas.
The accounting system with its sub-unitsAccounting, Controlling and
Treasuryis a critical part of this solution. By interrelating the various aspects of accounting and integrating them with logistics and human resources
applications, they become a management tool for all company departments.
Interfaces with the logistics chain from procurement to sales allow the optimization of operational processes. Including strategic alliances with customers, suppliers or financial institutions increases the efficiency of such a
solution.
Management Tool
Decision-based
International Applications
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EC
Group
Accounting
Group
Subgroup
...
FI
CO
TREASURY
ACCOUNTING
CONTROLLING
Finance Area
Funds Center
Funds
Company Code
Business Area
Controlling
Area
Profit Center
TR
IM
Loans
...
Customers
...
Cost Objects
...
Programs
Investment Procedures
Main Features
The R/3 Accounting System offers you a complete set of robust applications:
Accounting (FI) with G/L Accounting, Accounts Payable and Accounts
Receivable, Asset Accounting, Legal Consolidation and Special Statistical
Accounting Units
Treasury (TR) with Cash Management, Treasury Management and Funds
Management
Controlling (CO) with Overhead Cost Controlling, Product Cost Controlling
and Profitability Analysis
These features provide the basis for performing operational transactions and
meet the requirements of decision-based reporting for each application area.
The SAP R/3 System offers additional applications to provide powerful integrated solutions for your business:
Investment Management (IM) allows company-wide planning of capital investment programs and controlling of individual capital investment
measures.
Business Planning and Control (EC) includes Management Consolidation,
Profit Center Accounting.
Executive Information System (EIS) provides broad business perspectives.
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Financial Accounting
Modern, effective financial accounting must satisfy both internal and external accounting requirements.
External accounting requirements are directed toward accounting disclosures and providing information to shareholders, creditors, the work force, and
the public. Efficient corporate controlling must also contain controlling and
disposition functions.
Accounting disclosure requirements are defined by the appropriate regulatory body, be it public or private. Accounting must adhere to statutory as
well as international requirements. The R/3 System meets US accounting
requirements (GAAP) as well as the legal requirements of over 40 industrialized nations. The R/3 FI application guarantees that these regulations are
met, which is an essential requirement for the system's international use.
Propriety
Integration
Increasingly, data exchange with business partners, (such as customers, vendors, banks, insurance companies or credit agencies), takes place electronically. Acquiring information is an important part of every business.
Clearly structured reference data and protocols permit automatic processing,
even with incomplete information (for example, processing final payments).
As a result, only exceptions need to be processed manually.
The SAP R/3 Workflow function helps to:
define periodically recurring tasks
assign them to the appropriate corporate department for disposition
assure that your deadlines are met
All business events in R/3 are captured according to the receipt principle.
This permits a seamless audit trail from the balance sheet to the individual
receipts themselves. Immediately following posting, you can evaluate account displays, totals and account lists. You can also assess balance sheet
and profit and loss statement analyses. Better yet, all of this is done right at
your computer screen.
Receipt Principle
Documentation
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Bank
Foreign Exchange
Management
Finance
Information
System
Cash
Management
and Forecasting
Asset
Accounting
Accounts
Payable
Financial Asset
Management
Accounts
Receivable
Bank Accounts
Payables
Receivables
General Ledger
Special Ledger
Invoice
Verification
Purchasing
Consolidation
Warehouse
Production
Warehouse
Credit
Management
Sales
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Chart of Accounts
The G/L accounting function uses a chart of accounts which can be installed
in individual companies or in entire corporate groups. If the system must
meet both international corporation and specific national demands, you can
use different charts of accounts side-by-side. SAP's sample charts of accounts
make it easier for you to decide just how to implement this feature. In
addition, you can customize these charts.
Currencies
To satisfy specific statutory requirements at a national level, the system allows you to balance the books of foreign subsidiaries in up to three curren-
Balance Sheet
list of balances
funds flow analysis
You can also maintain balance sheets by purpose:
closing date balance sheet
annual financial statements
The system even permits you to provide various outside parties such as
banks or the press with appropriate information about the economic wellbeing of your company. Financial transactions in logistics and human resources portions of R/3 also contribute to complete and up-to-date records.
Postings in logistics are automatically booked in financial accounting and, if
necessary, in cost accounting. This guarantees that the value for the logistical
flow of goods received, goods sold, and other key values are maintained
simultaneously in the accounting department. The same is also true for personnel settlements, bonuses, and other transactions.
Besides integrating logistics with accounting functions, it is also essential to
link sub-ledgers with the general ledger itself. All movement involving the
sub-ledger "Debtors" and "Creditors" accounts, as well as the asset accounts,
are immediately reflected in the assigned general ledger balance sheet. As a
result, sub-ledgers are always reconciled with the general ledger.
Sub-ledgers
Consolidated Financial
Statements
Corporate group consolidated balance sheets are not merely the sum of the
individual balance sheets. Rather, the consolidated balance sheet reflects
reclassifications, reappraisals and the consolidation of equity, receivables,
obligations, profits, and sales revenues.
This feature is graphically portrayed in the SAP R/3 FI Consolidation module. Through integration of the Financial and Asset Accounting systems,
data is directly transferred from individual financial statements. This substantially simplifies the consolidation process. It also reduces transfer errors
that frequently arise when different software is used simultaneously.
Consolidation
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In addition to consolidated financial statements as required by law, the system lets you to perform more frequent closings and consolidations based on
plan values. Moreover, you can define and represent statements from various business perspectives.
Accounts Receivable
The FI Accounts Receivable module is responsible for monitoring and controlling customers accounts within the R/3 System's financial accounting
application.
Account analyses, alarm reports, maturity lists, as well as a flexible dunning
system, make it easier to pursue open items. Associated correspondence can
be adapted to the needs of each firm. This also applies to payment notices,
account confirmations and account excerpts.
Incoming payments can be assigned to uncollected receivables using either
the easy-to-use entry feature or by automatic data transfer. The payment
program automates the debit memo process as well as disbursements.
Interfaces to both Distribution and Cash Management, as well as customerspecific details in the profit and loss statement, provide further information
on each transaction. Consequently, SAPs Credit Management, Liquidity
Planning and Contribution Margin Accounting modules are always provided with current and reconciled information.
Accounts Payable
The R/3 System's FI Accounts Payable module manages accounting data for
all vendors. It is also an integral component of the acquisition process. It
serves as an important information source for the sales department regarding delivery, invoicing and payment values.
Payments take full advantage of discounts, either through standard written
forms or electronically (EDIFACT; EDI). The system supports all international methods of payment. To track open items, the system comes with account analyses, maturity previews and risk assessments (for foreign currencies, for example).
Balance audit trails, account lists and journals document the transactions of
Accounts Payable.
Asset Accounting
New features have been added to the R/3 FI Asset Accounting module. They
reflect the changing demands made on asset management, which include:
increased production automation
rising demands on quality
more complex facilities and growing legislative requirements
R/3 FIs Asset Accounting module covers legal reporting and valuation requirements of all major industrialized nations. Acquisitions, divestitures,
transfers and depreciations are entered, calculated, and processed. Besides
the legal requirements regarding asset valuation, you can define as many
depreciation and valuation methods as desired.
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Special Ledgers
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