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Sonnets and Other Poems

by
William Shakespeare
The thirty-seventh in the "Golden Gale" series of electronic texts.

Contents

1. How to read the text in scrolled (automatic) mode:

> Use of the Space Bar or Mouse to control smooth

scrolling

> Adjusting the scrolling speed

> Passing from scrolled mode to manual mode

2. How to read the text in non-scrolled (manual) mode:

2.1 Moving to different sections of the text:

> The Down arrow key

> The Up arrow key

> The Page down key

> The Page up key

> The Home key

> The End key

> The "Go To" Panel

2.2 Discovering your present position:

> The Where key

2.3 Finding a word:

> The Find key

> The Again key

> Special control keys used when entering a word

> Combination characters

2.4 Bookmarks:

> Adding them

Modifying them:

> Deleting them

> Editing them

> Moving to a bookmark

> Toggling to and from a bookmark

2.5 Printing sections of text

2.6 Copying sections of text to a disk file

2.7 Changing the display margins

2.8 Choosing the display colours

2.9 Ajusting quotation marks etc. for "clipboards"

2.10 Displaying a picture of the author

2.11 Saving your configuration

2.12 Leaving the program

2.13 The "Help" display

3. Fixes for Common Problems:

MS-DOS Shell

Fonts and Scrolling on Portables

Smooth Scrolling under MS Windows

Smooth Scrolling under OS/2

Other MS Windows Problems


Grey-scale Displays

1. How to read the text in scrolled (automatic) mode

There are two ways to read the book; scrolled ("automatic")


reading, and non-scrolled ("manual") reading.
The scrolled mode enables you to read through a book with the
minimum of manual intervention. All you have to do, if you want
to pause, is click the mouse, or press the space bar.
When you start the program, it is initially in non-scrolled or
"manual" mode. You can begin scrolled reading as follows:
a) Move to the point from which you wish to start reading
(if you are not already there). The way to do this is
described below in section 2.1, "displaying different
sections of the book's text".
b) Click the left mouse button, or press the space bar, and
the text will begin to scroll up your screen. If you use
the mouse, the scrolling will initially be quite rapid.
If you use the space bar, the initial rate will be slower.
While the text is scrolling upwards, you may use the following
keys:
a) the "-" (minus) key reduces the scrolling rate. Nine
graduated scrolling speeds are available. The same effect
is obtained if you press the right mouse button and hold
it down until the scrolling rate is slow enough.
b) the "+" (plus) key increases the scrolling rate. The
same effect is obtained by giving the right mouse button
a quick click.
c) pressing the space bar, or clicking the left mouse,
again, will temporarily pause the scrolling.
d) the space bar, or the left mouse, pressed yet again,
will cause the scrolling to resume.
e) any of the manual mode keys, described in section 2 below,
will cause smooth scrolling to stop; the program will return
to non-scrolled mode before performing the function
indicated by the key. The escape key too, pressed when you
are in scrolled mode, will simply cause smooth scrolling
to stop.
Note that the current scrolling rate (as set by the + and - keys)
is saved in the configuration file GGB037.CNF if you use the
S ("save") key, or if you use the E ("exit") key to leave the
program.
Please refer to section 3 below for some observations about
using scrolled mode in conjunction with the MS-DOS task

switcher DOSSHELL or in an OS/2 or MS-Windows "windowed DOS"


session.
2. How to read the text in non-scrolled (manual) mode

When you are in manual (non-scrolled) mode, you may press


various keys in order to perform various functions. Among other
things, you may:
a) move to different sections of the book
b) set bookmarks at a point to which you would like to
return later
c) find a word anywhere in the book
d) copy selected text from the book to a printer or
to a disk file
e) change the left and right margin widths
f) change the colours of the text, background, italics,
and quotations
g) display a picture of the author
All the functions are described in detail below:
2.1 Displaying different sections of the book's text

a) The Down-arrow key enables you to move forward by one line


of text. (In fact the text moves UP on the screen, but your
position moves down.)
b) The Up-arrow key enables you to move backwards by one line
of text. (In fact the text moves DOWN on the screen, but your
position moves up.)
c) The Page Down (or Next Screen) key enables you to move forward
25 lines of text at a time.
d) The Page Up (or Previous Screen) key enables you to move
backwards 25 lines of text at a time.
e) The Home key enables you to move directly to the beginning of
the current section.
f) The End key enables you to move directly to the end of the
current section.
g) The Left or Right Arrow key will bring up a little panel known
as the "Go To" panel. While this panel is displayed, you can
use the left and right arrow keys to change the chapter number
(or section name). When the chapter or section you want is
displayed in the panel, press Enter or Return. The beginning
of that chapter or section will at once appear on the screen.

A fast way to choose the beginning of the book is to press the


Home key when the Go To panel is displayed.
A fast way to choose the final chapter is to press the End key
when the Go To panel is displayed.
Press the Escape key to remove the "Go To" panel if you do not
after all want to move to a different chapter.
If you have already set some bookmarks, there will be a second
line on the "Go To" panel, namely "A Bookmark". To use this
feature, press the Up-arrow or Down-arrow keys to move the
highlight to this line, and then press Enter or Return. A list
of all the bookmarks which you have set will be displayed. You
may use the Up-arrow and Down-arrow keys to move through this
list and highlight each individual bookmark. When the highlight
is on the bookmark you want to go to, press Enter or Return.
(Press Escape if you decide that you do not after all want to
go to a bookmark.) A faster way to go to an existing bookmark
is to press the | key, described in section 2.4.3 below.
2.2 Discovering your present position

In certain situations (after Finding a word, for instance) you


may want to know your present position in the book. If you press
the W ("where") key, a small panel will appear at the bottom of
the screen. This panel displays the current section or chapter
number, and a percentage. The percentage relates to the top line
of the current display, and gives its position within the current
section. (For example, "50 per cent" will be displayed when you
are at the mid-point in a chapter.) This percentage value can
be used to identify a given position even after the margin widths
have been changed.
2.3 Finding a word anywhere in the book

a) If you press the F ("find") key, a wide panel will appear. Key
in a word which you wish to find. Then if you want to search
for the word starting from the beginning of the book, press
Enter or Return. If you want to search for the word starting
after your currently displayed position in the book, press the
Down Arrow key.
One of two things will then happen:
EITHER the first occurrence of the word will be found, and the
passage will be displayed
OR a message will appear, saying that the word cannot be found.
b) If you subsequently press the A ("again") key, the next
occurrence of the word in the book will be found, and that
passage will be displayed. This process may be continued
until the message "No Further Occurrences" is displayed.

c) A few special keys may be used when keying in the word to


be found:
> The HOME key moves the cursor to the beginning of the
field.
> The END key moves the cursor to the last character in the
field.
> The INSERT key toggles between insert mode (where each
key entered pushes one place to the right any characters
at and to the right of the cursor position), and overwrite
mode (where each key entered overwrites any character at
the cursor position). The size of the cursor changes to
indicate the current mode: large for insert mode and small
for overwrite mode.
> The DELete key deletes any character at the cursor position.
> The BACKSPACE key deletes the character to the left of the
cursor position, and causes any characters at or to the
right of the cursor position to shift to the left by one
place. It has no effect at the beginning of the line.
> The Enter or Return key causes the panel to disappear, and
sets off the search, from the beginning of the book, for
the word which has been keyed in.
> The Down Arrow key has the same effect as the Enter key,
except that the search begins after the end of the
currently displayed screen of text.
> The Escape key causes the panel to disappear, and your
display will reappear as it was before you pressed the
F key.
d) When keying in the word to be found, you may occasionally
wish to use characters which do not directly correspond to a
key on the keyboard, for instance , , or . To enter one of
these characters, first type control-D (in other words, hold
down the control key, type D for "Double", then release both
keys). People familiar with WordPerfect may use control-V
instead of control-D.
Next type in the two parts which, in combination, make up the
character you want. Type these parts one after another. The
special character you want should then appear on the screen.
For example, may be obtained by typing Control-D, then a,
then e. Note that the two keys may be typed in either order;
that will make no difference.
A second way to type in many of these characters, if you know
their three-digit decimal code, is to hold down the Alt key
and type that code on the key-pad.
There is only one special character of this kind used in this
book. The two keys which may be typed to generate it, and its
three-digit decimal code, are:
(e grave)

e `

138

e) When the Find panel first appears, anything which you typed
in last time will usually be displayed. If, at this point,
the first thing you type is a letter of some kind, the old
entry will disappear and the new letter will appear at the
left of the field. If the first thing you type is a Left or
Right arrow key, or End, or Home, the old entry will not
disappear. Note that this version of the program does not
handle "wild cards" or more than one word; future versions
may do so.
2.4 Using Bookmarks

2.4.1 Adding a new Bookmark

If you would like to mark a place in the book, and return to it


later, you can set a bookmark. First press the B ("bookmark")
key. A panel will appear, giving you a choice between Adding a
new bookmark, Modifying existing bookmarks (if any), or (again
if any) Going to an existing bookmark.
Press A to add a new bookmark. (Do this only when the passage
you want to mark is currently on your screen.) A highlight will
appear on the first word of the top line of the screen. Use the
four arrow keys to move the highlight to the exact point in the
text where you want to set the bookmark. Then press Enter or
Return. A panel will appear, requesting you to key in up to 76
characters of text to identify the bookmark. (This identifying
text will be displayed whenever you request a list of all the
bookmarks.) Key in your text, using the method described above
in section 2.3, and then press Enter or Return to set the new
bookmark. Note that at this point the new bookmark is still of
a temporary nature, and it will be lost when you leave the
program, unless you use the S ("save") key or the E ("exit")
key to save it permanently in the configuration file GGB037.CNF
2.4.2 Modifying existing Bookmarks

First press the B ("bookmark") key; then press the M ("modify")


key. You will see a list of all existing bookmarks. If there are
more than twenty, you may move through the list using the Down
and Up arrow keys to move the highlight bar. When you see the
bookmark which you want to modify, move the highlight to it. Then
you have the choice between deleting that bookmark (press the D
"delete" key), changing the identifying legend (press the E "edit"
key), or displaying the text at that bookmark (press the G "go to"
key). Any changes you make will come into effect as soon as you
press the Enter or Return key. They will not be saved permanently
unless you use the S ("save") key or the E ("exit") key. If you
strike the Escape key while editing a bookmark legend, your
changes will be cancelled. The keys available for editing are
those described above, in section 2.3.
2.4.3 Moving to the Text at a Bookmark

You may display the text at any bookmark as follows: First press

the key with the | character marked on it. You may also press the
B ("bookmark") key, and then G ("go to"), but the first way is
faster. A list of all the currently defined bookmarks will appear
(or the first twenty, if there are more than twenty). Use the Up
or Down arrow keys to move to a bookmark you want. Then press
Enter or Return. The text at the point where the bookmark was set
will appear on the screen. (Press the Escape key instead of
Enter if you decide that after all you do not want to go to
any bookmark.)
Another method of displaying the text at a bookmark is to start
from the "Go To" menu as described in section 2.1 above. This menu
is displayed when you press the left or right arrow keys. Move the
highlight to the item "A Bookmark" and press Enter or Return. A
list of all the currently defined bookmarks will appear, and you
may choose from them as described above.
2.4.4 Quick Toggling to and from a Bookmark

Just before you go to a bookmark, a record of your current


position in the text is saved. Once you have read the text at
the bookmark, you may quickly return to your saved original
position by pressing the TAB key (even if you have moved to a
third position in the meantime).
If you press the TAB key a second time, you go back to the
bookmark again.
2.5 Printing Sections of Text

The printing capability of this


and straightforward. The layout
similar to what you see on your
may adjust the margin widths on

program is intended to be simple


of the printed text is very
screen. Before printing, you
the screen to suit your needs.

To copy a section of the text to your printer, first display the


part of the text from which you want to start copying, and then
press the C ("copy") key. The word at the top left will be
highlighted, and a panel will appear, asking you to move the
highlight to the first word of the section you wish to have
printed. Use the four arrow keys to move the highlight, and then
press Enter or Return.
A second panel will appear, asking you to move the highlight to
the last word of the section you wish to have printed. Use the
four arrow keys, or the Page Down key, or (in the case of the
registered version) the End key, to move the highlight, and
press Enter or Return.
A third panel will appear, asking you to choose your printer port.
You can use the left and right arrow keys to rotate between PRN,
LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, and LPT4. When you have chosen the printer port,
press Enter or Return. (If you are uncertain about which port to
choose, try LPT1 first, PRN second, and then LPT2.)
If your printer is switched on and "on line", printing will now
begin. You will not be able to enter any more keyboard commands

until printing has finished.


If printing cannot take place, either because your printer is
off line, or because it is not switched on, or because it is
connected to a port other than the one you have selected, or
because it has run out of paper, a message will appear to that
effect. Here you may elect to press Enter or Return to try
again (after having adjusted the printer), or you may press
Escape to give up trying to print.
Most printers will give you some choice of fonts, point sizes,
line spacing, letter quality, and the like; it should also be
a simple matter to set the page length and inter-page gap. If
you want to do your own text formatting, you will have to copy
the text to a disk file (as described below) and then use a
formatting program such as PageMaker, Wordperfect, and so on.
Note that double quotation marks, and dashes, will be printed
in a form more simple than that in which they are displayed on
the screen. Italics will not be present. Greek letters will not
be printed.
In the freely distributed version of this program, the maximum
number of pages which you may print or copy is three. A version
without that restriction is available from the publishers; with
that you may, if you are so minded, print or copy the entire book
in one go.
2.6 Copying Sections of Text to a Disk File

Copying a section of the text to a disc file is similar to


printing it, as described in 2.5 above. First display the
beginning of the section, and then press the C ("copy") key.
A highlight will appear, and you will be asked to move it to the
first word of the section to be copied. Do this, using the four
arrow keys, and press Enter or Return.
Next, you will be asked to move the highlight to the last word
of the section to be copied. To do this, you may again use the
four arrow keys, as well as the Page Down key and (in the case
of the registered version) the End key. Press Enter or Return
when the highlight is on the last word of the section to be
copied.
Next, the panel will appear which asks you choose a printer port
or a file name. Press the down arrow to move to the file name
field, and key in the name you want. A disk drive letter and
directory name may be included; if they are not, the file will
be written to the current directory.
In addition to the keys described in section 2.3, you may use the
Dot (Full Stop or Period) key to take you to the next field.
After you have keyed in the file name, and pressed the Enter or
Return key, the program will check whether the file you chose
already exists. If so, you will be given a choice between
1) overwriting the existing file, 2) appending the text to the

end of the existing file, or 3) writing to a new file with a


different name (which you should type in over the name you just
tried). In the second case, where you elect to append the text
to an existing file, a short horizontal line, towards the left,
will be written to the file, so as to divide the earlier
section of text from the newly-written section.
2.7 Changing the Display Margins

To change the widths of the left or right margins, press the


M ("margins") key. A panel will appear, displaying the number
of columns currently used for the left and right margins. Use
the Up or Down arrow keys to move the highlight between the
Left and Right margin display. Use the Left arrow key to reduce
the value. Use the Right arrow key to increase the value. The
values of both the left and the right margins may range from
0 to 19 columns. Pressing the Home key will give you a value
of 0, and pressing the End key, a value of 19. The default
margin size is 12.
When the required values are displayed, press Enter or Return.
The text displayed on the screen will change to reflect the new
margin sizes.
The new margin sizes will not become permanent until you save
the current configuration using the S ("save") key or the
E ("exit") key.
2.8 Choosing the Display Colours

To change the colours used in the display, press the D ("display


colours") key. A panel will appear, with a line for each of the
different colours used.
Press the T, I, P, Q, or B keys to change the colours of Text,
Italics, Poetry, Quoted Sections, or the Background respectively.
In each case the red, green, and blue constituents of the current
colour will appear at the right. Each of these three constituents
(red, green, or blue) is defined by a number which may range from
0 to 63, giving in combination a total of 262144 possible colours.
The combined colour number of the currently selected item (Text,
Italics, Poetry, Quoted Sections, or Background) appears at the
lower right of the panel.
Use the Down or Up arrow keys to move between the red, green, or
blue constituents. Then change the selected colour value using the
left arrow key to reduce the number and the right arrow key to
increase it. As you change the colour number of the red, green, or
blue constituents, the new colour will instantly appear in the
main screen, and the new combined colour number will change. The
Home key and the End key may be used to move quickly to 0 or 63
respectively.
When all the colours are as you want them, press Enter or Return.
If you want to save the new colour combination permanently in the

configuration file GGB037.CNF, you should use the S ("save") or E


("exit") keys. Then, next time you start the program, these new
colours will be used (unless you subsequently delete the
configuration file).
If, while you are changing the colours, you decide that you do not
want to continue, press the escape key, and the display will
return to your original colours.
The last option on the "Display Colours" panel is "Defaults". By
repeatedly pressing the D key, you can step through a series of
preset colour combinations. (There are ten for VGA colour mode,
and two for grey scale.) If one of these combinations suits you,
just press the Enter or Return key to save it in the configuration
file as your new colour scheme. Alternatively, you can use any one
of these default colour schemes as a starting-point for your own
choice of colours: press T, I, P, Q, or B to alter the Text,
Italic, Poetry, Quoted Section, or Background colours as described
above.
2.9 The " key (quotation mark adjustment key)

In some environments, such as DESQview or Windows, it is possible


to copy text from the display screen to an electronic "clipboard".
The text thus copied can subsequently be "pasted" into another
program (which might be running simultaneously or which may be
started later).
One problem which might arise when doing that is that the book
reader program uses more characters than do many other programs.
For example, it uses distinct characters for opening and closing
quotation marks, and distinct characters for dashes and hyphens.
Many other programs use a simpler character set, designed for more
primitive computers.
Therefore, if you are about to copy a section of the displayed
text to a "clipboard", you should press the " key first. This
changes all double quotation marks to the character " , and it
causes all dashes to become slightly longer.
Next, do the copy of the text to the "clipboard". After that, you
may press the " key a second time, causing the normal characters
to reappear.
The adjustments described here are also automatically made when
printing text or copying it to a disk file. They are useful
too when running the program in a "windowed DOS" OS/2 or
Windows session.
2.10 Displaying the Author's Picture

Press the P ("picture") key at any time if you would like to see
a picture of the author. The picture is displayed automatically
when you start the program. To remove the picture from your
screen, press any key or click the mouse. If the file GGB037.PCO
is not present, no picture will be displayed.

2.11 Saving Your Configuration

The current configuration is defined as the current colours, the


current margin widths, and any bookmarks which you have set. If
you press the S ("save") key, this current configuration will be
written to the disc file GGB037.CNF in the current directory.
Next time you start the program, the saved configuration will be
automatically restored.
If you want to revert to the default configuration, simply delete
or rename the file GGB037.CNF
2.12 Leaving the Program

a) The Q ("quit") key causes the reader program to stop. A panel


will appear with three choices, and the highlight will be
positioned to the first choice: simply press Enter or Return
and control will return to the operating system (DOS). Nothing
about your current configuration will be saved which has not
already been saved.
b) The E ("exit") key also causes the reader program to stop. A
panel will appear with three choices, and the highlight will
be positioned to the second choice. Press Enter or Return and
your current margin settings, scrolling rate, and colour
selections will be saved in the configuration file GGB037.CNF
in the current directory. Then control will return to the
operating system (DOS).
c) If you really like the text colour you have used, you may
retain that colour in DOS by choosing the third option from
the panel which appears when you press the Q or E keys.
This will save your configuration and return you to the
operating system, just as if you had pressed the E ("exit")
key, except that the DOS text colour and background will
remain those you chose while viewing the book.
d) The Escape key is normally used to remove a panel if you decide
that you do not want to perform the panel function. If you
press the Escape key when you are in smooth scrolling mode,
the program will revert to non-scrolled (manual) mode. If you
press the Escape key when you are in manual mode and no panel
is displayed, it will have the same effect as the Q ("quit")
key.
2.13 Using the F1 key to display a "help" screen

Press the F1 function key to see a full-screen summary of all


available commands. To remove this Help screen, press the key
you require, or press Escape, or press F1 a second time.

3. Known problems

a) A minor difficulty occurs if you are


shell DOSSHELL, are using the smooth
press the Alt-TAB key combination to
program. When you return to the book
blank.

running under the MS-DOS


scrolling mode, and
change to a different
reader, the screen goes

The text will reappear when you press one of the cursor keys,
but the best solution, for the time being, is to be in
non-scrolling mode before switching sessions.
b) When running on some portable computers, the fonts are the
wrong size, or smooth scrolling is jerky. This can usually
be corrected by a changing a configuration option on the
portable computer. For example, with Compaq portables, you
can obtain a setup menu by pressing F10 while the computer
is booting. Select "Video", then set "Internal Display
Features" to "Disabled". This will improve the smooth
scrolling, but it will still not be as clear as a normal
VGA, because of the inherently slow screen update speed
of most portables.
c) When running under Microsoft Windows, in a "full-screen DOS
session", the top three smooth scrolling rates may be far
too rapid. This is caused by one of your PIF file settings.
Use the PIF editor to open your PIF file. On the "Advanced
Settings" screen, under Display Options - Monitor Ports,
find the "Text" box. Make sure the box is unchecked, and
that should cure the scrolling problem.
d) The same problem with the top three scrolling rates will
occur when running in a full-screen DOS session under OS/2.
In this case you should change the "DOS Settings". Set
VIDEO_RETRACE_EMULATION to Off.
e) When running under Microsoft Windows, GGB037.EXE will work
normally in a "full-screen DOS session". But if you use a
"windowed DOS" session (for example if you want to "clip"
some text), press the " key to simplify the quotation marks
and dashes. An improved character set for some of the more
popular Windows fonts may be provided in a later version of
this program if there is any demand. Smooth scrolling, too,
only works in a "full screen DOS session", because of the
restricted functionality of "Windows". In a "windowed DOS"
session, the text just jumps roughly from one line to the
next. The same effect occurs in an OS/2 windowed DOS session.
f) Another problem with "windowed DOS" sessions is that sometimes
lines are blanked out in the lower half of the screen when
moving down line by line. This can be remedied, in a rough and
ready way, by pressing Page Up followed by Page Down.
g) If you run this program as a DOS application under Microsoft
"Windows", you may find that it does not respond to the mouse.
The explanation given for this is that the mouse driver
installed as part of Windows is reserved for Windows itself
and for "Windows applications". The solution is to load a
separate mouse driver in your CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

h) Automatic detection of grey-scale displays does not work with


some portable computers. In general, you should start the
program with the /G switch when using a grey-scale display, to
ensure that you get the best results. If the contrast is still
bad, use the D ("display colour") key to give a legible
display, and use the S ("save") key to save that configuration.

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