Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Pile Foundation
Luthfi Hasan
Geotechnical expert
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
SUKSES?
Hadir
Kuliah &
aktif
maksimal
SKS
SUCCESS
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
Proporsi penilaian
35 % UTS
Penilaian
50 % UAS
15 % kehadiran 10 kali
Target
pencapaian
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
(pile foundation)
Contents
Part one :
p
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
(pile foundation)
Contents
Part two :
p
Group piles
Bored piles
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Main References
p
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Part One
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soil properties
construction site
Design Office
~ for design & analysis
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FOUNDATION
load
Foundation
Soil
Condition
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Shallow Foundations
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for firm soils or light loads
firm
ground
bed rock
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Deep Foundations
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads
P
I
L
E
weak soil
bed rock
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F. Dalam
D/B
Kecil
Besar
Keruntuhan
Sampai
permukaan
tanah
Di dalam
tanah
Digali
Dipancang/
dibor
Instalasi
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Kecil
Dalam
Fondasi
Dalam
F. Dalam
F. Dangkal
Dangkal
Beban
F. Dalam
F. Dangkal
Fondasi
Dangkal
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Shallow Foundations
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Pile Foundations
p
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Deep Foundations
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Pile foundation
Jembatan Suramadu
Sisi Surabaya
Sisi Madura
Total panjang jembatan 5438m
Causeway
Causeway
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20 m
15 m
100 m
100 m
56 Tiang
Diameter 2.4 m
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60m
Pondasi:
Panjang = 130m
Diameter = 3.2m - 60m pertama
2.8m - sisanya
Jumlah = 131 tiang
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Piled Foundations
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Pile
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Jembatan Cikubang
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Jembatan Suramadu
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Ciujung
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Types of Piles
Concrete
Steel
Pipe
Timber
Steel H
Pre-cast
Concrete
Composite
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Steel piles
p
Discription
n
n
Advantages
n
n
n
n
Disadvantages
n
n
n
n
Relatively costly
High level of noise during driving
Subject to corrosion
H-piles may be damaged or deflected during driving through
hard layers
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Concrete piles
p Precast
piles
p Cast-in-situ
piles
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Concrete piles
p
Discription
n
n
Advantages
n
n
n
n
Disadvantages
n
n
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Static Analysis
Applied Experience
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Load Magnitude
Deep foundation
type
Typical range of
nominal (ultimate)
resistance (kips)
Typical length
(feet)
Timber pile
75 200
20 40
Concrete pile
200 2,000
20 150
Steel H-pile
200 1,000
20 160
Pipe pile
175 2,500
20 100
Drilled shaft
750 10,000
20 160
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Keunggulan
Kekurangan
Driven pile
(Precast pile)
Kualitas terjamin
Dynamic pile capacity
Pelaksanaan singkat
Displacement pile
Human error kecil
Tanpa vibrasi
Non displacement pile
Bored pile
(cast insitu)
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p Displacement
p Extra
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Pile capacity
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Qs = fAs
Embedded
Length
=D
f = Unit Frictional
Resistance
AS = Shaft Area
qP = Unit Bearing
Capacity
AP = Area of Point
QP = qPAP
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Qu
L1
QS1
L2
QS2
Layer 2
L3
QS3
Layer 3
QS4
Layer 4
L4
Layer 1
Qu = Qs+Qp
Qp
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FRICTION
LOAD
LOAD
L
O
A
D
SANDS
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SOFT
CLAYS
L
L
O
O
A
A
D
D
SANDS
SANDS
CLAYS
CLAYS
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ROCK
SAND
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Method of Support
End Bearing
Side Friction
Combined
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Qu = Qp + Qs
Embedded
Length
=D
Qs = fAs
f = Unit Frictional
Resistance
AS = Shaft Area
qP = Unit Bearing
Capacity
AP = Area of Point
QP = qPAP
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
PILES
SOFT SOIL
ROCK
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Friction Piles
PILES
SOFT SOIL
Strength
increases
with depth
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Mekanisme keruntuhan
Terzaghi
Meyerhof
Vesic
Skempton
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Ground Surface
B
Arching Action D
f
Zone of
Shear &
Volume
Decrease
PO = Df
Df
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M
H
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Tahapan desain
p
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Q u = A p .q p + A s .q s
Qall =
A p .q p
SF1
As .q s
+
SF2
Qp
Qs
qp
qs
q u = 1,3.c.N c + q N q + 0,4.B..N
_
q u = 1,3.c.N c + q N q + 0,3.B..N
Square footing
Circular footing
Meyerhof
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
q p = c.N*c
+ q .N*q + .B.N*
.B.N* 0
*
q
=
c
.
N
Sehingga : p
c
+ q .N*q
*
Q p = A p (c.N c
+ q .N q )
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l
v
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qall =
Qu
F.S.
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
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and
100
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1
10
20
30
40
45
Q p = A p .q p
_
Q p = A p . q .N*q
q = h
Meyerhof s
Method :
Loose
L=LB
L
LB
Dense
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L B L B
=
D D critic
Dibawah (Lb/D)cr digunakan qp
Diatas (Lb/D)cr
digunakan qp = qL (limit/batas)
_
Sehingga :
Q p = A p . q .N*q A p .q L
q L = 50.N*q . tan
kN/m2
q L = 5.N*q . tan
T/m2
Cases
Case-1
Kedalaman tiang 305x305 mm adalah 12 m. Tanah pasir homogen dengan
b=16,8 kN/m3, = 35o. Hitung nilai tahanan ujung tiang (Qp) dengan cara
Meyerhof
Case-2
5m
loose
13 m
4m
b=15,7 kN/m3
= 30o
c=0
kN/m3
loose
sat=18,1
= 30o
c=0
dense
sat=19,4 kN/m3
= 40o
c=0
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Qs = p.L.f
f = K.'v . tan
K = Koefisien tekanan tanah
v = Tegangan efektif vertikal pada kedalaman yang
ditinjau, dianggap konstan setelah kedalaman 15D
(Meyerhof) atau 10D (Schmertmann)
Qs = 2r l (k tan)
v
l
v
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qall =
Qu
F.S.
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
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Nilai K dan
Nilai K :
Metoda instalasi
(1-2)Ko
(0,75-1,75)Ko
Bored pile
(0,75-1)Ko
Ko = 1-sin
Nilai :
Interface
Baja halus
(0,5-0,7)
Baja kasar
(0,7-0,9)
Precast concrete
(0,8-1)
Cast in place
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Case-3
5m
b=15,7 kN/m3
= 30o
c=0
loose
sat=18,1 kN/m3
= 30o
c=0
dense
sat=19,4 kN/m3
= 40o
c=0
loose
13 m
4m
K = 1-sin , = 0,6
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+ q .N*q )
Tanah lempung : = 0
q N q kecil
Nc = 9
Q p = A p .9.c u
cu = undrained cohesion
Reg : 1.2.500.2.31.09.03.02978
Metoda
f
f = .cu = .Su
Qs =2r l ( c)
l
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qall =
Qu
F.S.
Qp =Ap.c Nc
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Menentukan
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Menentukan
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Su (kPa)
Su (kg/cm2)
Very soft
0-12
0-0,12
Soft
12-24
0,12-0,24
Medium
24-48
0,24-0,48
Stiff
48-96
0,48-0.96
Very stiff
96-192
0,96-1,92
Hard
> 192
> 1,92
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Case-4
5m
5m
20m
cu =30 kN/m2
= 18kN/m3
cu =30 kN/m2
sat = 19,2 kN/m3
cu =100 kN/m2
sat = 19,8 kN/m3
Hitung :
Kapasitas tiang ijin (Qall)
Jika diamater tiang 315 mm
dan FS = 4
5m
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