Vaibhav Gupta AUTOCAD Tutorial

INTRODUCTION
[CHAPTER 1]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
AutoCAD TUTORIALS
INTRODUCTION AutoCAD
TUTORIALS
INTRODUCTION
The term CAD (Computer Aided Design) applies to a wide range of programs that allow the
user to created drawings, plans, and designs electronically. AutoCAD is one such program
and it main claim to fame is that it is relatively easy to use, it is very comprehensive in its
ability to create 2D and some 3D drawings, and it is very popular. Seventy percent of the
CAD users in the world use AutoCAD.
1. LIMITS
Limits command is used to set size of screen.(Figure 1.1)
Procedure to set limits of drawing screen by 500,500.
Command:
LIMITS Enter
{Invoke limits command}
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:
0,0 Enter
Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 500,500 Enter
Command:
Z Enter
{Invoke Zoom command}
Specify corner of window, <real time>:
A Enter {Invoke All option}
Note:
Upper right corner depends upon size of drawing.

To zoom (Z) screen within limits all [A] option is used.
Fig. 1.1
2. UNITS
Units command is used to set units of drawing.
To invoke units command type UNITS on command window and press Enter.
Drawings units dialogue box appears on screen. (Figure 1.2)
Decimal
Decimal Unit format is used to create drawing in millimeter, centimeter,
decimeter, meter, hectometer, decameter and kilometer.
One unit can be working at a time i.e. object can be drawn either millimeter
or centimeter or any other decimal unit.
1|Page
INTRODUCTION AutoCAD
TUTORIALS
If sizes in drawing are shown in two units then unit conversion is

performed. For example if sizes are display on drawing in millimeters and
centimeters and sizes are entered in millimeters in command window then
enter centimeters in millimeters bu multiplying factor of 10. If sizes entered
in command window in centimeters then all the millimeter sizes are entered
by multiplying factor of 0.1.
Fig. 1.2
Fig. 1.3
2|Page
[COORDINATE SYSTEM ]
[CHAPTER 2]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS
CHAPTER 2
COORDINATE SYSTEMS
2.1 Absolute Coordinate System :
In this type of coordinate system all the points are taken from fixed position called
origin (0, 0).
Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 10x5 using absolute coordinate system. First
point position is (5, 6).
Command:
LINE Specify first point:
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
L Enter
5,6 Enter
15,6 Enter
15,11 Enter
5,11 Enter
5,6 Enter
Esc
Fig. 2.1
Note : To draw object using absolute coordinate system -Right Click on Dynamic Input
Tool (Status toolbar) go to Setting select Setting for pointer input select Absolute
coordinates - ok
2.2 Relative coordinate system:

In this type of coordinate system all the points are taken by considering previous
point as origin.
Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 10x5 using Relative coordinate system. First
point position is arbitrary.
Command:
L Enter
click point A *
{a point at any specified location}
@10, 0 Enter
@0, 5 Enter
@-10,0Enter {negative sign for negative Xdirection}
@0,-5 Enter{negative sign for negative Y direction}
Esc
{* start point can also be specified by typing coordinates (X, Y) followed by pressing Enter}
3|Page
Fig. 2.2
2.3 Polar coordinate system:

In this type of coordinate system end point is specified by distance from last point
and angle of line (which is to be drawn) from positive X axis in anti clockwise
direction.
Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 10x5 using relative coordinate system. Fist
point position is arbitrary
Command:
L Enter
click point A Enter
@10<0 Enter
@5<90 Enter
@10<180 Enter
@5<270 Enter
Esc
{a point at any specified location}
Fig. 2.3
Exercise 1: Draw I-section and L-section as shown in figure 2.4 using absolute,
relative and polar coordinate system.
Fig. 2.4
4|Page
2.4 From Command:

From command is used to specify the end points of line/arc and centre point of circle
from a particular base point.
Procedure to draw a circle whose centre point lies (25, 15) from lower left corner of
a 75x55 rectangle.
Command:
CIRCLE Specify center point:
Base point:
<Offset>:
Specify radius of circle:
C Enter
FROM Enter
click point A
@25,15 Enter
10 Enter
{invoke circle command}

{{invoke from command}
{lower left corner of rectangle}
{position of centrepoint from Point A}
Fig. 2.5
Exercise 2: Draw a 50 units long line whose left end point lies 10 units above the
lower left corner of a square of side 50 units (Fugure 2.6)
Fig. 2.6
Fig. 2.7
Exercise 3: Draw drawing shown in figure 2.7 with from command.

5|Page
[DRAW TOOLBAR]
[CHAPTER 3]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS
Different commands of Draw toolbar
Arc Commands
6|Page
Circle commands
Ellipse Commands
7|Page
Point Commands
CHAPTER 3
DRAW TOOLBAR
3.1 Line command (L)
Line is specified either by position of the end point coordinates (X, Y) as used in
chapter-2 or by direct clicking of start point and then length (sometimes along with
angle) or combination of both. As engineering drawings are available with various
sizes of part so one of the best ways of drawing a line is by giving direction to
cursor.
Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 whose lower left corner lies at (5, 6)by
giving direction to cursor.
L Enter
{invoke line command}
5, 6 Enter
(coordinates for start point)
50 Enter (press F8 to make ortho mode on)
(Give rightward direction to cursor)
25 Enter (Give upward direction to cursor)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 50 Enter (Give leftward direction to cursor)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 25 Enter (Give downward direction to cursor)
Esc
Command:
Fig.-3.1
Options:
3.5.1. Close [C]
This option is used to join first point of line string consisting of three or more
than three lines to end point for creating a loop.
Fig.-3.2
After reaching endpoint with line command, type C and press Enter, loop will
be generated.
8|Page

3.5.2. Undo [U]
This option is used in case of mistake. Use of this option brings end point of
line to the previous end point. In between line command if mistake occur due
to entering wrong parameters or selecting wrong point type U and then Press
Enter to undone mistake.
Fig.-3.3
3.2 Arc Command (A)

3.2.1
3-Point
Arc is drawn by specifying start, middle and end point of arc.
Procedure to draw 3-Point arc.
Invoke 3-Point arc command from Draw toolbar or type A and press Enter.
Specify points 1, 2 and 3. Points can be selected in clockwise or anti
clockwise direction.
Fig.-3.4
3.2.2
Start, Centre, End

As arc is a part of circle, it is drawn by specifying the start, centre and end
point of arc.
9|Page
Procedure to draw an arc which lies at left side of a rectangle as shown in figure 3.6.
Invoke start, centre, end arc tool from draw toolbar.
Click point 1 as start point of arc.
Click midpoint of line (point 2) as centre point.
Click point 3 as end point of arc.
Fig.-3.5
3.2.3
Start, Centre, Angle

Arc is specified by start point, centre point and angle included in arc in anticlockwise direction.
Fig.-3.7
3.2.4
Fig.-3.8
Invoke start, centre, angle arc tool from draw toolbar.
Specify angle as type 180 and Enter.
Start, Centre, Length

Arc is specified by start point, centre point and length of chord included in arc
in anti-clockwise direction.
Fig.-3.9
10 | P a g e
Fig.-3.6
Fig.-3.10
3.2.5
Procedure to draw an arc which lies at left side of a rectangle as shown in figure
3.10.
Invoke start, centre, length arc tool from draw toolbar.
Specify chord length as type 50 and Enter.
Start, End, Angle

Arc is specified by start point, end point and angle included in arc in anticlockwise direction.
Fig.-3.11
3.2.6
3.12.
Invoke start, end, angle arc tool from draw toolbar.
Specify angle of arc as type 180 and Enter.
Start, End, Direction

Arc is specified by start point, end point and direction of tangent line from start
point.
Fig.-3.13
11 | P a g e
Fig.-3.12
Fig.-3.14
Invoke start, end, direction arc tool from draw toolbar.
Direction of tangent line is specified either by typing 0 and pressing Enter or
by direct clicking in positive X direction.
3.2.7
Start, End, radius

Arc is specified by start point, end point and radius of arc.
Fig.-3.15
3.2.8
3.16.
Invoke start, end, radius arc tool from draw toolbar.
Specify radius of arc by typing 25 and pressing Enter.
Centre, Start, End

As arc is a part of circle, it is drawn by specifying the centre, start and end
point of arc.
Fig.-3.17
12 | P a g e
Fig.-3.16
Fig.-3.18
3.18.
Invoke centre, start, end arc tool from draw toolbar.

3.2.9
Centre, start, Angle

Arc is specified by centre point, start point and angle included in arc in anticlockwise direction.
Fig.-3.19
3.20.
Invoke centre, start, angle arc tool from draw toolbar.
Click midpoint of line (point 1) as centre point..
3.2.10
Specify angle of arc as type 180 and Enter.
Centre, start, length

Arc is specified by centre point, start point and chord length of arc.
Fig.-3.21
13 | P a g e
Fig.-3.20
Fig.-3.22
3.22.
Invoke centre, start, length arc tool from draw toolbar.
Click midpoint of line (point 1) as centre point..
Specify chord length of arc as type 50 and Enter.

3.2.11
Continue
With this command an arc can be drawn immediately after line or arc
command.
Fig.-3.23
Fig.-3.24
Procedure to draw an arc whose start point lies at end point b of line ab and length
of arc is 50 units.
Draw a line ab using line command from draw toolbar.
Invoke continue arc command from draw toolbar.
Move cursor in vertically upward direction.
Type length 50 and press Entre.
3.3 Circle Command (C)

3.3.1 Centre, Radius
Circle is drawn by specifying the centre point and radius of circle
Fig.-3.25
Fig.-3.26
Procedure to draw a circle of 10 units radius whose centre point coordinates are
(25,20) as shown in figure 3.26.
Invoke centre, radius circle command from draw toolbar.
Specify centre point by typing 25,20 and pressing Enter.
Specify radius of circle by typing 10 and pressing Enter
3.3.2 Centre, Diameter

Circle is drawn by specifying the centre point and diameter of circle
14 | P a g e
Fig.-3.27
Fig.-3.28
Procedure to draw a circle of 20 units diameter whose centre point coordinates are
(25,20) as shown in figure 3.28.
Invoke centre, diameter circle command from draw toolbar.
Specify centre point by typing 25,20 and pressing Enter.
Specify diameter of circle by typing 20 and pressing Enter.
3.3.3 2-Point
Circle is drawn by specifying two points lies at diametrically opposite points on
its circumference.
Fig.-3.29
Procedure to draw a circle which lies at end points of line ab15 units length and
inclined at 450 to X-axis shown in figure 3.29.
Draw line ab using polar coordinate system.
Invoke 2-point circle command from draw toolbar.
Select end points of line ab (point a and b).
Fig.-3.31
15 | P a g e
Fig.-3.30
Fig.-3.32

Note: 2-point circle command is basically used when position of one of the quadrants is
given in drawing in place of position of centre point (Figure 3.31). Diameter of circle
is specified instead of radius in 2-point circle command.
Procedure to draw a circle of radius 6.5 whose left quadrant lies at end point d of
straight line cd shown in figure 3.32.
Draw line using line command.
Select (click) end point d of line cd.
Move cursor to rightward direction (Ortho mode ON).
Type length 13 and press Enter.
3.3.4 3-Point
Circle is drawn by specifying any three points on the circumference of circle
(Figure 3.33).
Fig.-3.33
Fig.-3.34
Procedure to draw a circle lies at corner points 1, 2 and 3 of a triangle shown in

figure 3.34.
Draw free hand sketch of triangle using line or polygon command.
Specify (click) corner points 1, 2 and 3 of triangle.
3.3.5 Tan, Tan, Radius

Circle is drawn by specifying two tangent lines and radius of circle (Figure 3.35).
Fig.-3.35
16 | P a g e
Fig.-3.36
Procedure to draw a circle of radius 3 units and lies on slant edges a and b of M
Block shown in figure 3.36.
Draw M Block with accurate size using line command.
Invoke Tan, Tan, Radius circle command from draw toolbar.
Specify (click) line a and b as tangent line.
Specify radius by typing 3 and pressing Enter.
3.3.6 Tan, Tan, Tan

Circle is drawn by specifying three tangent lines lies at circle (Figure 3.37).
Fig.-3.37
Fig.-3.38
Procedure to draw a circle lies at three sides a, b and c of a triangle shown in figure
3.38.
Draw triangle using line or polygon command.
Invoke Tan, Tan, Tan circle command from draw toolbar.
Specify (click) sides a, b and c of triangle as tangent line.
3.4 Ellipse Command (EL)

3.4.1 Centre
Ellipse is drawn by specifying position of centre point, first and second radius
(Figure 3.39).
Fig.-3.39
17 | P a g e
Fig.-3.40
Procedure to draw an ellipse whose centre point lies at (20,30), major radius is 10
units and minor radius is 6 units shown in figure 3.40.
Invoke centre ellipse command from draw toolbar.
Specify centre point by typing 25, 30 and pressing Enter.
Specify radius-1 by typing 10 and pressing Enter (move cursor to
rightward direction).
Specify radius-2 by typing 6 and pressing Enter (move cursor to
upward direction).
3.4.2 Axis, End

Ellipse is drawn by specifying three points lying at the periphery of ellipse. The
first two points of the ellipse determine the location and length of the first axis.
The third point determines the distance between the centre of the ellipse and the
end point of the second axis (Figure 3.41).
Fig.-3.41
Fig.-3.42
Procedure to draw an ellipse start from point (10, 20), distance-1 is 10 units and
distance-2 is 3 units shown in figure 3.42.
Invoke Axis, End ellipse command from draw toolbar.
Specify start point by typing 10, 20 and pressing Enter.
Specify distance-1 by typing 10 and pressing Enter (move cursor to
rightward direction).
Specify distance-2 by typing 3 and pressing Enter (move cursor to
upward direction).
3.4.3 Elliptical Arc

Elliptical arc is drawn by specifying three points lying at the periphery of ellipse
and position of start angle and end angle in anti clockwise direction (Figure 3.43).
Fig.-3.43
18 | P a g e
Fig.-3.44
Procedure to draw an ellipse start from point (20, 10), distance-1 is 10 units,
distance-2 is 3 units, start angle is 200 and end angle is 1050 shown in figure 3.44.
Invoke Elliptical arc command from draw toolbar.
Draw ellipse by following the same process as that for Axis, End
ellipse.
Specify start angle by typing 20 and pressing Entre.
Specify end angle by typing 150 and pressing Entre.
3.5 Polyline Command (PL)

Polyline is a number of line segments or arc or the combination of both connected end
to end and considered as a single object. Whole object made of polyline is selected by
selecting a line or an arc (Figure 3.45, 3.46).
Fig.-3.45
Fig.-3.46
Fig.-3.47
Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.47, whose lower left
corner lies at (5, 6) using polyline command.
Command:
P L Enter
{invoke polyline command}
5, 6 Enter
(coordinates for start point)
Specify next point:
50 Enter
(press F8 to make ortho mode on)
(Give rightward direction to cursor)
Specify next point:
25 Enter
(Give upward direction to cursor)
Specify next point:
50 Enter
(Give leftward direction to cursor)
Specify next point:
25 Enter
(Give downward direction to cursor)
Specify next point:
Esc
Options:
3.5.1. Length [L]
It is default option. The objects shown in figure 3.45, 3.46 and 3.47 are drawn
by Length option.
19 | P a g e

3.5.2. Arc [A]
This option is used to draw object consisting of lines and arcs.
Fig.-3.48
Procedure to draw an oval blank of size shown in figure 3.48 using polyline
command.
Command:
PL Enter
Specify start point:
10, 20 Enter
Specify next point:
10 Enter
{move cursor to rightward direction}
Specify next point:
A Enter
{invoke arc option}
Specify endpoint of arc:
10 Enter
{move cursor to upward direction}
L Enter
{invoke length option}
Specify next point:
10 Enter
{move cursor to leftward direction}
Specify next point:
A Enter
{invoke arc option}
10 Enter
{move cursor to downward direction}
Esc
3.5.3. Width [W]

This option is used to increase width of polyline.
Fig.-3.49
Fig.-3.50
20 | P a g e
Procedure to draw a square of 25units sides having width of line is 2 units

Command:
PL Enter
10, 20 Enter
Specify next point:
W Enter
{invoke width option}
Specify starting width:
2 Enter
Specify ending width:
2 Enter
Specify next point:
25 Enter
Specify next point:
25 Enter
Specify next point:
25 Enter
Specify next point:
C Enter
{invoke close option}
3.5.4. Halfwidth [H]

This option is used to increase half width of polyline (Figure 3.51).
Fig.-3.51
Fig.-3.52
Procedure to draw a square of 25units sides

shown in fig-3.52.
Command:
PL Enter
10, 20 Enter
Specify next point:
H Enter
Specify starting width:
2 Enter
Specify ending width:
2 Enter
Specify next point:
25 Enter
Specify next point:
25 Enter
Specify next point:
25 Enter
Specify next point:
C Enter
having halfwidth of line is 2 units as
{invoke halfwidth option}

3.5.5. Close [C]

This option is used to join first point of line segment (consisting of three or
more than three lines) to end point, for creating a loop.
3.5.6. Undo [U]
This option is used in case of mistake.
21 | P a g e

3.6 Rectangle Command (REC)
This command is used to make rectangle made of polyline by specifying the location of
diagonally opposite corner points .
Fig.-3.53
corner lies at (5, 6).
Command:
REC Enter
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 5,6 Enter
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:
@50,25 Enter
Options:
3.6.1. Chamfer [C]
This option is used to draw chamfer at all the four corner of rectangle by
specifying first and second chamfer distance (Figure 3.54).
.
Fig.-3.54
22 | P a g e
Fig.-3.55
corner lies at (20,10)and first and second chamfer distances are 5 units.
Command:
REC Enter
{invoke rectangle command}
Specify first corner point:
C Enter
{invoke chamfer option}
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>:
5 Enter
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>:
5 Enter
20, 10 Enter
Specify other corner point:
@50, 25 Enter

3.6.2. Elevation [E]
This option is used to specify the elevation of rectangle.
3.6.3. Fillet [F]
This option is used to draw fillet at all the four corner of rectangle by
specifying fillet radius (Figure 3.56).
.
Fig.-3.55
Fig.-3.56
corner lies at (20,10)and radius of fillet is 5 units.
Command:
REC Enter
F Enter
{invoke Fillet option}
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>:
5 Enter
20, 10 Enter
@50, 25 Enter
3.6.4. Thickness [T]

This option is used to draw rectangle of required thickness in Z direction
(Figure 3.57).
Fig.-3.57
23 | P a g e
Fig.-3.58
corner lies at (20,10)and thickness is 5 units.
Command:
REC Enter
T Enter
{invoke thickness option}
Specify thickness for rectangles <0.0000>:
5 Enter
20, 10 Enter
@50, 25 Enter

3.6.5. Width [W]
This option is used to draw rectangle of required line width (Figure 3.59).
Fig.-3.59
corner lies at (20,10)and width is 1 unit..
Command:
REC Enter
W Enter
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>:
1 Enter
20, 10 Enter
@50, 25 Enter
3.6.6. Area [A]

This option is used to draw rectangle of required area and length or width
(Figure 3.60).
Fig.-3.60
Fig.-3.61
Procedure to draw a rectangle of area 500 square units and length of 30 units as
shown in figure 3.61, whose lower left corner lies at (20,10).
Command:
REC Enter
20, 10 Enter
A Enter
{invoke Area option}
Enter area of rectangle in current units <100.0000>:
500 Enter
Calculate rectangle dimensions based on [Length/Width] <Length>:
L Enter
Enter rectangle length <10.0000>:
20 Enter
3.6.7. Dimension [D]

This option is used to draw rectangle of required length and width (Figure
3.62).
24 | P a g e
Fig.-3.62
Fig.-3.63
Procedure to draw a rectangle of length 20 units and width 10 units, coordinates for
lower left corner is (20,10) and rectangle lies in first quadrant with respect to first
corner.
Command:
REC Enter
20, 10 Enter
D Enter
{invoke dimension option}
Specify length for rectangles <20.0000>:
20 Enter
Specify width for rectangles <25.0000>:
10 Enter
click on screen at specified location with respect to
first corner
3.6.8. Rotation [R]

This option is used to draw a rectangle which is inclines at particular angle
with respect to X-axis.
Fig.-3.64
25 | P a g e
Fig.-3.65
Procedure to draw a rectangle of length 30 units and width 20 units, coordinates for
lower left corner is (20, 10) and rectangle lies at an angle of 450 with respect to
horizontal axis.
Command:
REC Enter
20, 10 Enter
R Enter
{invoke rotation option}
Specify rotation angle or [Pick points] <0>:
45 Enter
@30, 20 Enter

3.7 Hatch Command (H, BH)
This command is used to show sectional area in sectional view of drawing (Figure 3.66
and 3.67)
Fig.-3.66
Fig.-3.67
Different patterns for sectioning are used depend upon material of object. The materials
used in most of the fabrication industries are steel and cast iron so the pattern used for
these materials is shown in figure 3.66. Same way there are different material patterns
for brick, concrete etc (Figure 3.68).
Fig.-3.68
26 | P a g e
Procedure to section the object shown in figure 3.66 using Hatch command.
H Enter or BH Enter or invoke Hatch command from Draw toolbar.
Hatch and gradient dialogue box appear.
Select pattern
Select add pick point button at top right side of dialogue box.
Click an arbitrary point enclosed by the boundary to be hatched as shown in
figure 3.66.
Select preview
Press Enter for ok or press Esc in order to make some adjustment.
Adjustment
a. Angle: when two different parts are assembled the angle of hatched is
to be changed (Figure 3.69)
b. Scale: Scale of hatch may increase or decrease based on the size of
drawing.
c. Remove boundaries: used to remove undesired hatch area shown in
figure 3.70.
Fig.-3.69
Fig.-3.70
3.8 Spline Command (SPL)

This command is used to draw various profiles in drawing shown in figure 3.71.
Fig.-3.71
Fig.-3.72
Procedure to draw profile for a pot shown in figure 3.72.
Command:
SPL Enter
{invoke spline command}
Specify first point or [Object]:
select point 1
Specify next point:
select point 2
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: select point 3
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: select point 4
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Enter
Specify start tangent: Enter
Specify end tangent: Enter
27 | P a g e

3.9 Polygon Command (Pol)
This command is used to draw polygon like pentagon, hexagon, octagon etc by
specifying numbers of sides and centre point, radius of circle (Figure 3.73). The
polygon drawn is right regular polygon i.e. all sides is equal.
Fig.-3.73
Fig.-3.74
Procedure to draw a hexagon shown in figure 3.74, position of centre point is (35,
20) and radius 15 units.
Command:
POL Enter
{invoke polygon command}
Enter number of sides <6>: 6 Enter
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
35, 20 Enter
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: I Enter
Specify radius of circle:
15 Enter (move cursor to rightward direction)
Options
3.9.1. Inscribed in circle: Polygon is drawn inside the circle (Figure 3.75)
3.9.2. Circumscribed about circle: Polygon is drawn outside the circle (Figure3.76)
Fig.-3.75
Fig.-3.76
3.9.3. Edge:
Sometimes position of centre point and radius of circle is not known then
polygon is drawn by specifying the position of end point and length of edge
(Figure 3.77).
28 | P a g e
Fig.-3.77
Fig.-3.78
Procedure to draw an octagon shown in figure 3.78, position of end point is (10,5)
and length of edge is 5 units.
Command:
POL Enter
{invoke polygon command}
Enter number of sides <6>: 8 Enter
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
E Enter {invoke edge option}
Specify first endpoint of edge:
10,5 Enter
Specify second endpoint of edge:
5 Enter {move cursor to rightward
Direction}
3.10 Construction Line, X Line (XL)
This command is used to draw line whose length lies at infinity.
Fig.-3.79
29 | P a g e
Procedure to draw construction lines which are inclined at 30o, 600 and 1200 to X
axis and intersecting point is (20, 10)(Figure 3.79).
Command:
XL Enter
{invoke construction line command}
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:
20,10 Enter
Specify through point:
<30 Enter
Angle Override:
Click on line
<60 Enter
Angle Override:
Click on line
<120 Enter
Angle Override:
click on line
Esc

3.11 Ray (XL)
This command is used to draw line star at a point and continue to infinity.
Fig.-3.80
Procedure to draw rays which are inclined at 30o, 600 and 1200 to X axis and start
point lies at (20, 10) (Figure 3.80),
Command:
RAY Enter
{invoke ray command}
20,10 Enter
Specify through point: `
<30 Enter
Angle Override:
Click on line
<60 Enter
Angle Override:
Click on line
<120 Enter
Angle Override:
click on line
Esc
3.12 Point (PO)

3.12.1 Multiple Point
This command is used to make point for marking purpose.
Fig.-3.81
Note:
30 | P a g e
Procedure to mark points at (5,10), (20,10) and (8,13) (Figure 3.81).

Command:
PO Enter
{invoke point command}
Specify a point:
5, 10 Enter
Specify a point:
20, 10 Enter
Specify a point:
8, 13 Enter
Esc
*point style can be changed from utility toolbar.

*A block can also be inserted in place of point style.

3.12.2 Divide (DIV)
This command is used to divide line/arc into equal numbers of segment
(Figure 3.82).
Fig.-3.82
Fig.-3.83
Procedure to divide a line of 20 units length started from (2, 5) into five equal
segments as shown in figure 3.83.
Draw line with parameters given above using line command
Command:
DIV Enter
{invoke divide command}
Select object to divide:
select line
Enter the number of segments or [Block]:
5 Enter
3.12.3 Measure (ME)

This command is used to divide line/arc into numbers of segment by
specifying length of segment (Figure 3.84).
Fig.-3.84
Procedure to divide a line of 20 units length started from (2, 5) into segments of
length 4 units.
Draw line with parameters given above using line command
Command:
ME Enter
{invoke measure command}
Select object to measure:
select line
Specify length of segment or [Block]:
4 Enter
3.13 Gradient (H, BH)

This command is used to fill the closed region or closed boundary in one or two shades
of colours (Figure 3.85).
Fig. 3.85
31 | P a g e
Procedure to shade the object shown in figure 3.85 using gradient command.
H Enter or BH Enter or invoke Gradient command from Draw toolbar.
Hatch and gradient dialogue box appear
Select gradient tab from top left of the dialogue box.
Select pattern and colors

Select add pick point button at top right side of dialogue box.
Click an arbitrary point enclosed by the boundary to shade as shown in figure
3.85
Select preview
Press Enter for ok or press Esc in order to make some adjustment.
3.14 Boundary (BOUNDARY)

This command is used make polyline loop or region of area enclosed by the picked
point (Figure 3.86).
Fig. 3.86
Procedure to region object shown in figure 3.86 using boundary command.

Invoke boundary command from draw toolbar.
Boundary creation dialogue box appear.
Select pick point from top left of the dialogue box.
Click internal point enclosed by area to region shown in figure 3.85 and press
Enter.
3.15 Region (REG)

This command is used convert closed loop object into region.
Fig. 3.87
Procedure to region object shown in figure 3.87 using region command.

Invoke region command from draw toolbar.
Select objects to convert into region and press Enter.
3.16 Revision Cloud (REVCOUD)

This command is used to draw a cloud region. Its application involves to show detailing
of small size portion of drawing.
32 | P a g e
Fig. 3.88
Procedure to cloud around object shown in figure 3.88

Invoke revision cloud command from draw toolbar.
Click start point for cloud.
Move cursor around object and join it to start point.
Options :
3.16.1 Arc [A]: Used to Change length of arc (Figure 3.89 (a)).
3.16.2 Object [O]: Used to Convert object into cloud (Figure 3.89 (b))
3.16.3 Style [S]: Used to Change cloud style to normal or calligraphy (Figure 3.8(c))
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3.89
3.17 Wipeout (REVCOUD)

This command is used to hide object or part of object.
33 | P a g e
Fig. 3.90
Procedure to wipeout object shown in figure 3.90.
Invoke wipeout cloud command from draw toolbar.
Click points for polygon 1, 2 3 and 4
Press Enter.
(c)
Options :
3.17.1 Frame [F]: Used to on off frame (Figure 3.91).
3.17.2 Polyline [P]: Used to convert polyline object into wipeout frame (Figure
3.91).
Fig. 3.91
3.18 Donut Command (DO)

This command is used to draw donut shape in drawing by specifying inside and outside
diameter and position of centre point (Figure 3.92).
Fig. 3.92
34 | P a g e
Fig. 3.93
Procedure to draw donut of 2 units inside and 5 units outside diameter, centre point
lies at (10, 10) (Figure 3.93).
Command:
DO Enter
{invoke donut command}
Specify inside diameter of donut <0.0000>:
2 Enter
Specify outside diameter of donut <0.3314>:
5 Enter
Specify center of donut or <exit>:
10, 10 Enter

EXPRESS MENU
3.19 Break Line Symbol (BREAKLINE)
This command is used to draw break line symbol for short and long conventional break.
Fig. 3.94
Procedure to draw breakline as shown in figure 3.94.
Invoke breakline symbol command from draw toolbar of express menu.
Click First and second point for breakline
Press Enter.
Options :
3.19.1 Block [B]: Insert breakline from block.
3.19.2 Size [S]: Change breakline size.
3.19.3 Extension [E]: Change extension distance.
3.20 Super Hatch (SUPERHATCH)
This command is used for hatching block, external reference, image or wipeout as hatch
pattern.
35 | P a g e
Fig. 3.95
Procedure to fill image into a rectangle shown in figure 3.95 with super hatch
command.
Draw rectangle using rectangle command.
Invoke super hatch command from draw toolbar of express menu.
Super hatch dialogue box appear.
Select image as pattern type.
Give address of image.
Click Open
Click Ok in attach image dialogue box
Specify insertion point by clicking lower left corner of rectangle.
Specify scale factor {any number or by creating window on screen}.
Click Yes to accept the placement of image.
Specify internal point enclosed by the boundary to fill
Press Enter.
Fig. 3.96
36 | P a g e
Fig. 3.97
Procedure to fill block into a rectangle shown in figure 3.96 with super hatch
command.
Draw object shown in figure 3.96 and make its block using block command.
Draw rectangle of any size using rectangle command.
Invoke super hatch command from draw toolbar of express menu.
Super hatch dialogue box appear.
Select Block as pattern type.
Give name of block in super hatch insert dialogue box.
Click Ok.
Specify insertion point by clicking lower left corner of rectangle.
Specify X scale factor {for actual size type 1 and press Enter}.
Specify Y scale factor {for actual size type 1 and press Enter}.
Specify rotation angle as type 0 and press Enter {or chose any specified angle}
Click Yes to accept the placement of image.
Specify block by selecting lower left or upper right corner of block.
Press Enter
Press Enter.
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
[CHAPTER 4]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
AutoCAD TUTORIALS
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
37 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
CHAPTER 4
MODIFY TOOLBAR
4.1 Move command (M)
This command is used to move object from one location to another through base
point or in a specified distance and in a specified direction.
Procedure to move object shown in figure 4.1 to another point (60, 45) where the
centre of the circle lies..
Command:
M Enter
{invoke Move command}
Select objects:
select circle and centre lines shown in figure 4.1
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: click centre point O
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement: 60, 45 Enter
Fig.-4.1
Procedure to move object shown in figure 4.1 to rightward direction at a

distance of 30 units.
Command:
M Enter
{invoke Move command}
Select objects:
select circle and centre lines shown in figure 4.1
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement: 30 Enter {move cursor
to rightward direction}
4.2 Copy command (CO)

This command is used to copy object from one location to another through base
point or in a specified distance and in a specified direction.
Procedure to copy object shown in figure 4.1 to point (60, 45) where the centre of the
circle lies..
Command:
CO Enter
{invoke copy command}
Select objects:
select circle and centre lines (shown in figure 4.10) Enter
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement: 60, 45 Enter
Procedure to copy object shown in figure 4.1 to rightward direction at a

distance of 30 units.
Command:
CO Enter
{invoke copy command}
Select objects:
select circle and centre lines (shown in figure 4.1) Enter
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement: 30 Enter {move cursor
to rightward direction}
38 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Note:
Exercise 1:
The procedure used for copy object is same as that of to move. The only
difference is in move command source object is erased.
Copy bored holes shown in figure 4.2 to CRS 60 units.
Fig.-4.2
4.3 Rotate command (RO)

This command is used to rotate object to a specified angle. Angle of rotation must be
taken in anticlockwise direction with respect to positive X-axis through base point.
Procedure to rotate rectangle of size 30X20 units to 450 through lower left corner
(Figure 4.3).
Command:
RO Enter
{invoke rotate command}
Select objects:
select rectangle Enter
Specify base point:
Select lower left corner of rectangle
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: 45 Enter
Fig.-4.3
Procedure to Rotate hand lever shown in figure 4.4 along line ab.
Command:
RO Enter
Select objects:
select hand lever Enter
Specify base point:
Select Centre of left ball as base point*
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: click anywhere along line ab
*The process is mostly used when angle of line about which object is to rotate is not known.
Base point must be point of engagement of object and line along which object is ti rotate.
39 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Fig. 4.4
Options:
4.3.1 Copy [C]
With this option source object do not erase.
Procedure to rotate triangle to 450 through lower left corner (Figure 4.5).
Command:
RO Enter
Select objects:
select triangle Enter
Specify base point:
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: C Enter {invoke copy option}
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: 45 Enter
Fig. 4.5
4.3.2 Reference [R]

With this option object can rotate at specified angle w.r.to X or Y axis (both
positive and negative) (Figure 4.6).
Fig. 4.6 (Ortho mode ON)
40 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Exercise 2:
Rotate Screw shown in figure 4.7 to 900.
Fig. 4.7
4.4 Stretch command (S)

This command is used to stretch object to a specified distance.
Procedure to stretch rectangle from 30units length to 40 units length (Figure 4.8).
Command:
S Enter
{invoke stretch command}
Select objects:
Select point1
Select objects:
Select Point 2 Enter
Specify base point: click anywhere around object to stretch {Ortho mode ON}
Specify second point: 10 Enter
{give rightward direction to cursor}
Fig. 4.8
Exercise 3:
Stretch Screw shown in figure 4.7 from 20 units threaded length to 40 units
length.
4.5 Scale command (SC)

This command is used to increase or decrease size of drawing as par scale factor.
Procedure to scale Rectangle shown in figure 4.3 by twice of its size.

Command:
SC Enter
{invoke scale command}
Select objects:
select rectangle Enter
Specify base point:
Specify Scale Factor or [Copy/Reference] <0>: 2 Enter
4.6 Offset command (SC)

This command is used to draw similar line, arc, circle and rectangle at an offset of
specified distance sown in figure 4.9.
41 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Fig. 4.9
Procedure to offset an object..

Invoke offset command from modify toolbar.
Specify offset distance and press Enter.
Select object to offset
Give offset direction by moving cursor to left, right, above or below the
object
Click anywhere in that direction.
4.7 Mirror command (MI)

Mirror command is basically used in case of symmetry. This command is used to
draw mirror image of object w.r.to mirror line (Axis of symmetry).
Fig. 4.10
Procedure to mirror the profile of a pot shown in figure 4.10.

Invoke mirror command from modify toolbar.
Select profile of pot and press Enter.
Specify any two points lie on mirror line.
Press N to not to erase source object and Enter.
4.8 Trim (TR)

It is used to remove unwanted portion of line, arc, circle etc. w.r.to specified cutting
edge.
Fig. 4.11
42 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Procedure to trim an object shown in figure 4.11.

Invoke trim command from modify toolbar.
Select Cutting edge* (line 1 and line 2) and press Enter.
Select portion of object to trim.
Note: *By simply pressing Enter instead of selecting cutting edge, whole object is selected
as a cutting edge.
Those objects which are not cut by cutting edge line cannot be trimmed.
Exercise 4:
Exercise 5:
Draw object shown in figure 4.12 using line, offset and trim commands.
Mirror table shown in figure 4.13..
Fig.- 4.12
Fig.- 4.13
4.9 Extend (EX)

It is used to extend end of line, arc or polyline up to other specified object.
Fig. 4.14
4.10
Procedure to trim an object shown in figure 4.14.

Invoke extend command from modify toolbar.
Select line 1 and line 2 and press Enter.
Select end of objects to extend.
Erase (E)
43 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
It is used to erase specified objects.
Procedure to Erase objects.

Invoke Erase command from modify toolbar.
Select objects to erase and press Enter
4.11 Explode (X)

It is used to convert polyline objects or loops into line and/or arc components of
object or loops.
Procedure to explode an object.

Invoke explode command from modify toolbar.
Select polyline object to explode and press Enter
4.12 Array (AR)

Array command is used to copy object in a specified pattern.
4.12.1 Rectangular Array
It is used to copy object within specified rows and column (Figure 4.15).
Procedure to Array square of size 10X10 units in 3 Rows and 4 column, rows offset is
20 units and column offset is 15 units (Figure 4.16).
Draw a square of 10 units side using rectangle command
Invoke array command from modify toolbar.
Array dialogue box appear on screen.
Select rectangular array tab.
Click select object placed at top right corner of dialogue box.
Select square and press Enter.
Fill numbers of rows by 3 and numbers of column by 4.
Fill rows offset by 20 and column offset by 15.
Specify angle of array by 0.
Select preview.
Press Enter if ok otherwise press Esc to return to dialogue box.
Fig. 4.15
44 | P a g e
Fig. 4.16
Procedure to Array circle of diameter 5 units in 2 Rows and 2 columns, rows offset is
20 units and column offset is 20 units and angle of array is 450(Figure 4.17).
Draw a circle of 5 units diameter using circle command.
Select rectangular array tab.
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Click select object placed at top right corner of dialogue box.

Select circle and press Enter.
Fill numbers of rows by 2 and numbers of column by 2.
Fill rows offset by 20 and column offset by 20.
Specify angle of array by 45.
Select preview.
Fig. 4.17
4.12.2 Polar Array

It is used to copy object in a circular pattern (Figure 4.18).
Procedure to Array Circle of diameter 5 units along pitch circle of diameter 38 units,
number of objects are 6 and angle to fill is 3600.
Draw pitch circle and object as shown in figure 4.19.
Select polar array tab.
Click pick centre point tool from dialogue box
Select centre of pitch circle.
Fill number of items by 6.
Fill angle to fill by 360.
Select Preview
Fig. 4.18
45 | P a g e
Fig. 4.19
Procedure to Array triangle shown in figure 4.20 into 8 times along one of its corner
with 3600 angle to fill.
Draw triangle shown in figure 4.20.
Select polar array tab.
Click pick centre point tool from dialogue box
Select corner point of triangle.
Fill number of items by 8.
Fill angle to fill by 360.
Select Preview
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Fig. 4.20
Options:
i. Total numbers of items & angle to fill: Angle is considered in anticlockwise
direction from object (Figure 4.21).
Fig. 4.21
ii.
Total numbers of items and angle between items (Figure 4.22).
iii.
Angle to fill and angle between items (Figure 4.23).
Fig. 4.22
46 | P a g e
Fig. 4.23
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Exercise 6: Draw objects shown in figure 4.24 with array command. Assume various sizes.
Fig. 4.24
4.13 Fillet (F)

It is used to round edges and corners in drawings.
4.13.1 Radius [R]
It is used to fillet edge of specified radius (Figure 4.25).
Procedure to draw fillet of radius 5 units at the corner of object shown in figure 4.25.
Command:
F Enter
{invoke fillet command}
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
R Enter
Specify fillet radius <1.0000>:
5 Enter
Select first object :
Select lines X and Y to draw fillet.
Fig. 4.25
4.13.2 Trim [T]: It is used to trim edges of fillet (Figure 4.25).
47 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
4.13.3 Polyline [P]: This option is used to draw fillet in polyline objects
(Figure 4.25).
4.13.4 Multiple [M]: It is to draw multiple fillets with same radius.
4.13.5 Undo [U]: It is used in case of mistake to undone wrong fillet.
Fig. 4.25
Exercise 6: Draw object shown in figure 4.26.
Fig. 4.26
4.14
Chamfer Command (CH)

It is used to bevel edges and corners in drawings.
Options:
4.14.1
Distance [D]
This option is used to draw chamfer by specifying first and second
chamfer distances.
48 | P a g e
Procedure to draw chamfer of distance 5 units in X-direction and 4 units in Ydirection on object shown in figure 4.27.
Command:
CHA Enter
{invoke chamfer command}
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: D Enter
Specify first chamfer distance <10.0000>:
5 Enter
Specify second chamfer distance <5.0000>:
4 Enter
Select first line:
select line X
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner:
select line Y
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Fig. 4.27
4.14.2
Angle [A]
This option is used to draw chamfer by specifying chamfer Length and
angle.
Procedure to draw chamfer of length 5 units in X-direction and at 45o angle as shown
in figure 4.28.
Command:
CHA Enter
{invoke chamfer command}
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: A Enter
Specify chamfer length on the first line <1.0000>:
5 Enter
Specify chamfer angle from the first line <45>:
45 Enter
Select first line:
select line X
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: select line Y
Fig. 4.28
4.14.3
4.14.4
4.14.5
4.14.6
4.14.7
Method [E]: Change method from distance to angle or vice versa.

Trim [T]: It is used to trim edges of chamfer (Figure 4.29).
Polyline [P]: This option is used to draw chamfer in polyline objects
(Figure 4.29).
Multiple [M]: It is to draw multiple chamfers with same parameters.
Undo [U]: It is used in case of mistake to undone wrong chamfer
.
Fig. 4.29
49 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Exercise 6: Draw washer shown in figure 4.30.
Fig. 4.30
4.15
Set to by Layer Command (SETBYLAYER)

It is used to convert object properties from by block to by layer. If object have
different properties in layer and it shows properties set by block like color, line type
and/or line weight, this command is used to convert object properties from by block to
by layer.
4.16
Change Space Command (CHSPACE)

It is used to shift object from paper space to model space or vice versa.
4.17
Procedure to convert properties from by block to by layer.

Invoke set to by layer command from modify toolbar.
Select object to convert and press Enter.
Select Yes to change by block to by layer.
Select Yes to include blocks.
Procedure to shift object from paper space to model space.

Invoke change space command from modify toolbar.
Select objects and press Enter.
Lengthen Command (LENGTHEN)

It is used to edit length of line and arc by some specific methods.
Options:
4.17.1 DElta [DE]
This option is used to lengthen object by specifying increment length.
Fig. 4.30
50 | P a g e
Procedure to lengthen line by 10 units (Figure 4.30).

Command:
LENGTHEN Enter
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]:
DE Enter
Enter delta length or [Angle] <20.0000>:
10 Enter
Select an object to change or [Undo]: select end of object to lengthen
Select an object to change or [Undo]:
Esc
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
4.17.2 Percent [P]

This option is used to lengthen object by specifying percent increment.
Fig. 4.31
Procedure to lengthen line by 150 percent (Figure 4.31).

Command:
LENGTHEN Enter
P Enter
Enter percentage length <150.0000>:
150 Enter
Esc
4.17.3 Total [T]

This option is used to lengthen object by specifying total length.
Fig. 4.32
Procedure to change length of line to20 units (Figure 4.32).

Command:
LENGTHEN Enter
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: T Enter
Specify total length or [Angle] <1.0000)>:
20 Enter
Esc
4.17.4 DYnamic [DY]

This option is used to lengthen object by specifying point of extension.
Fig. 4.33
4.18
Procedure to lengthen line upto point P (Figure 4.33).

Command:
LENGTHEN Enter
DY Enter
Select line to extend
Specify new end point:
click point P
Esc
Edit Polyline Command (PE)

This command is commonly used to edit polyline like join with other polyline, close
to make loop etc.
51 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Options:
4.18.1 Close [C]
This option is used to join start point and end point of polyline segments in
order to make loop.
Fig. 4.34
Procedure to close object drawn in polyline (Figure 4.34).

Command:
PE Enter
PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]:
Select polyline object
Enter an option:
C Enter Enter
4.18.2 Join [J]

This option is used to join polyline object to another polyline objects to make
one object.
Fig. 4.35
Procedure to join objects drawn in polyline (Figure 4.35).

Command:
PE Enter
Select polyline object 1
Enter an option:
J Enter Enter
{invoke join option}
Select objects: Select polyline object 2 Enter Enter
4.18.3 Width [W]

This option is used to edit width of polyline.
Fig. 4.36
52 | P a g e
Procedure to change width of polyline object shown in figure 4.36 to 2 units.

Command:
PE Enter
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Enter an option:
W Enter
Specify new width for all segments:

1 Enter Enter
4.18.4 Edit Vertex [E]

This option is used to edit vertex of polyline segment.
Fig. 4.37
Procedure to change break polyline segment through one of its vertex point P (Figure
4.37).
Command:
PE Enter
Enter an option:
E Enter
{invoke edit vertex option}
Enter a vertex editing option:
B Enter
{invoke break option}
Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] <N>: N Enter {for next}
Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] <N>: G Enter {for Go}
Enter a vertex editing option:
X Enter Enter
{for exit}
4.18.5 Fit [F]

This option is used to convert line section into arc section
Fig. 4.38
Procedure to convert polyline object shown in Figure 4.38 using fit option .
Command:
PE Enter
Enter an option:
F Enter Enter
{invoke fit option}
4.18.6 Spline [S]

This option is used to convert line section into spline section
Fig. 4.39
53 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Procedure to convert polyline object shown in Figure 4.39 using spline option.
Command:
PE Enter
Enter an option:
S Enter Enter
{invoke spline option}
4.18.7 Decurve [D]

This option is used to convert curve section into line section.
.
Fig. 4.40
Procedure to decurve object shown in Figure 4.40.

Command:
PE Enter
Enter an option:
D Enter Enter
{invoke decurve option}
4.18.8 Ltype gen [L]

This is a command to edit a linetype where you can specify whether a
linetype pattern is centered on each segment or continuous throughout the
entire length of a 2D polyline. The command is like a switch which turns it off or
on.[Reference-cadblog.net]
Fig. 4.41
Procedure to on linetype generation..

Command:
PE Enter
Enter an option:
L Enter Enter
{invoke Ltype gen option}
Enter polyline linetype generation option [ON/OFF] <Off>: ON Enter
4.18.9 Reverse [R]

This option is used to reverse the direction of vertices.
.
Fig. 4.42
54 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Procedure to reverse the direction of object shown in Figure 4.42.

Command:
PE Enter
Enter an option:
R Enter Enter
{invoke reverse option}
4.18.10 Undo [U]

This option is used to undone previous action.
4.19
Edit Spline Command (SPE)

This command is commonly used to chane parameters of spline, vertex points, start
tangent and end tangent etc,
4.20
Hatch Edit Command (HE)

This command is commonly used to edit existing hatched pattern, scale, angle etc.
Fig. 4.43
4.21
Procedure to modify hatching shown in figure 4.43 by changing pattern to bricks.

invoke hatch edit command from modify toolbar.
Select hatch object
Hatch edit dialogue box appear on screen.
Change pattern and select ok
Align Command (AL)

This command is used to align objects to other objects.
Fig. 4.44
55 | P a g e
Procedure to modify hatching shown in figure 4.44 by changing pattern to bricks.

Command:
AL Enter
Select objects: select object to align Enter
Specify first source point:
select point 1
Specify first destination point: select point 2
Specify second source point:
select point 3
Specify second destination point:
select point 4
Specify third source point or <continue>: Enter
Scale objects based on alignment points? [Yes/No] <N>: Y Enter
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
4.22
Break (BR)
This command is used to break line/arc between two points.
Fig. 4.45
Procedure to break arc between two points 1 and 2.

Invoke break command from modify toolbar.
Select point 1 and 2.
4.23 Break at Point (BREAK)

This command is used to break line/arc at a single point.
Fig. 4.46
Procedure to break arc between two points 1 and 2.

Invoke break command from modify toolbar.
Select line
Select point 1.
4.24 Join (J)

This command is used to join lines/arcs lie in series.
Fig. 4.47
Procedure to join lines.

Invoke join command from modify toolbar.
Select line1, line 2 and line 3 and press Enter
4.25 Reverse [REVERSE]

This option is used to reverse the direction of line, spline and polyline objects.
.
56 | P a g e
Procedure to reverse object shown in Figure 4.41.

Command:
REVERSE Enter
{invoke reverse command}
Select object: select object to reverse Enter
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
4.26
Draw Order Command (DRAWORDER

4.26.1 Bring to Front: This option is used to bring selected object in front of all
other objects.
Fig. 4.48
Procedure to bring gradient hatch to front.

Invoke Bring to front command from modify toolbar
Select gradient hatch and press Enter.
4.26.2 Send to Back: This option is used to move selected object to back of all
other objects.
Fig. 4.49
Procedure to send gradient hatch to back.

Invoke send to back command from modify toolbar
4.26.3 Bring Above Objects: This option is used to bring selected objects in front of
other selected objects.
Fig. 4.50
57 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Procedure to bring gradient hatch above boundary hatch.

Invoke bring above objects command from modify toolbar
Select boundary hatch and press Enter
4.26.4 Send Under Objects: This option is used to move selected objects to back of
other selected objects.
Fig. 4.51
Exercise:
Procedure to send text under gradient hatch.

Invoke send under objects command from modify toolbar
Select text and press Enter.
Draw Hexagonal nut of size M20 using various draw and modify commands.
Fig. 4.52
EXPRESS TOOLS MENU

4.27
Move Copy Rotate (MOCORO)

This command is used to move, copy, rotate and scale objects.
Fig. 4.53
58 | P a g e
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
Procedure to move nut by 40 units about point a, shift base point to point b, copy by
50 units about point b, rotate at an angle of 450 and scale by 0.7 scale factor.
Command:
MOCORO Enter
Select objects:
select nut Enter
Base point:
select point a
[Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]<eXit>: M Enter {invoke move option}
Second point of displacement: 40 Enter {move cursor to rightward direction}
[Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]<eXit>: B Enter {invoke base option}
Base point:
select point b
[Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]<eXit>: C Enter {invoke copy command}
Second point of displacement: 50<360 Enter {move cursor to rightward direction}
[Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]<eXit>: R Enter {invoke rotate command}
Second Point or Rotation angle: 45 Enter
[Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]<eXit>: S Enter {invoke scale command}
Second Point or Scale factor: 0.7 Enter
[Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]<eXit>: X Enter {for exit from command}
4.28 Stretch Mutiple (MSTRETCH)

This command is used stretch multiple object.
Fig. 4.54
59 | P a g e
Procedure to multiple stretch main nut and lock nut by 5 units displacement.
Invoke multiple stretch command from modify toolbar in express tools.
Define crossing windows or crossing polygons: C Enter
Select points 1, 2, 3 and 4 as shown in figure to select object.
Press Enter.
Select point a as base point {any arbitrary point on drawing screen}.
Move cursor to rightward direction
Specify displacement as type 5 and press Enter
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
OPTIONS
Fig. 4.55
4.29 Delete Duplicate objects (OVERKILL)

This command is used to delete duplicate overlapped objects such as an arc over a
circle of same radius, two lines lie at same angle etc
.
Fig. 4.56
Procedure to multiple stretch main nut and lock nut by 5 units displacement.
Invoke delete duplicate command from modify toolbar in express tools.
Overkill dialogue box appear on drawing screen
Fig. 4.57
60 | P a g e
Select Ignore LINEWEIGHT from dialogue box shown in figure 4.57.

Click OK
[MODIFY TOOLBAR]
4.30 Flatten Objects (FLATTEN)

This command is used to convert 2D representation of 3D objects by forcing
thickness and elevation of object 0.
Fig. 4.58
Procedure to Flatten 3D object shown in figure 4.58.

Invoke Flatten command from modify toolbar in express tools.
Press N and type Enter for not to remove hidden lines.
4.31 Extended Clip (CLIPIT)

Allows curved clipping; isolates specified portions of blocks, xref drawings, images,
and
Wipeouts, by clipping or removing the display of all other objects with a
polyline, circle, arc,
ellipse, text, mtext, or attribute definition.
4.32 Extended Offset (EXOFFSET)
This enhanced version of the OFFSET command offers several advantages over the
standard command, including layer control, undo, and a multiple option.
4.33 Convert Shape to Block (SHP2BLK)
Convert object from shape definition to block definition.
61 | P a g e
[TEXT COMMAND]
[CHAPTER 5]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[TEXT COMMAND] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS
62 | P a g e

ANOTATION MENU BAR
5.1 Single Line Text (DT)
This command is used to write text in drawing.
Fig. 5.1
Procedure to write DRAWING ROOM of height 5 units and 00 angle of rotation

using single line text command.
Command:
DT Enter
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:
select start point to write text
Specify height <2.5000>:
5 Enter
Specify rotation angle of text <0>:
0 Enter
Enter Text:
Type DRAWING Enter
Enter Text:
Type ROOM Enter Enter
5.2 MultiLine Text (T)
Procedure to write MultiLine text.

Invoke multiline text command from annotation toolbar of home menu or text
toolbar of annotation menu (figure 5.2)
Fig. 52
Make window on drawing screen to write text by selecting point 1 and 2 shown in
figure 5.3.
Change properties from text edit toolbar appear at the top of drawing screen
Enter text: DRAWING ROOM
Select close text edit to exit command
Fig. 5.3
63 | P a g e
Fig. 5.4
5.3 Text Style (ST)
Procedure to create text style.

Invoke text style command from annotation toolbar (Figure 5.5).
Fig. 5.5
Text style dialogue box appear as shown in figure 5.6
Select text font

Click New to make new style
Click No
Give text name
Click OK
Click Close
Fig. 5.6
5.4 Text Edit (ED)

This command is used to change existing text contents.
64 | P a g e
Procedure to change DRAWING by BEARING.

Command: ED Enter
Select Text: Select DRAWING
Change Text: Type BEARING Enter
5.5 Scale (SCALETEXT)

This command is used to change Text height, scale, match text height with other
existing text height and paper height.
Procedure to change text height.

Invoke scale command from Text toolbar of Annotation menu
Select object: Select text Enter
Enter base point option for scaling : Type E Enter {keep existing base point}
Specify new model height or [Paper height/Match object/Scale factor]
<122.379>: 20 Enter
Procedure to change text scale by factor of 2.

<122.379>: S Enter {invoke scale option}
Specify scale factor: 2 Enter
Procedure to match text height with other existing text height..

<122.379>: M Enter {invoke match option}
Select a text object with desired height: Select other text of desired height
Procedure to change paper height by 5unis..

Select object: Select Annotative text Enter
<122.379>: P Enter {invoke paper height option}
Specify new paper height: 5 Enter
5.6 Justify (JUSTIFYTEXT)

It is used to changes the justification point of selected text objects without changing
their locations.
65 | P a g e

EXPRESS TOOLS
5.7 Arc Aligned (ARCTEXT)

This command is used to write text along specified arc.
Procedure to write arc text.

Invoke arc aligned command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Select arc
Arc aligned dialogue box appear on drawing screen.
66 | P a g e
Select text style

Specify text height
Select option from dialogue box.

Type text to write
Click OK
Options
1. Reverse text reading order
2. Drag Wizard
3. Align to left
4. Align to right
5. Fit along the arc
6. Centre along the arc
7. On convex side
8. On concave side
9. Outward from centre
10. Inward to the centre
11. Bold
12. Italic
13. Underline
5.8 Modify Text

5.8.1 Explode Text (TXTEXP)
This command is used to explode text into polyline.
Procedure to explode text.

Invoke explode text command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Select text and press Enter
5.8.2 Change Case (TCASE)

This command is used to change text case.
67 | P a g e
Procedure to change text case.

Invoke change case command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Change text case dialogue box appear on drawing screen
Select required option

Click OK
OPTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sentence case
Lower case
Upper case
Tile
Toggle case
5.8.3 Rotate Text (TORIENT)

This command is used to change rotation angle of text.
Procedure to change rotation angle..

Invoke rotate text command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Specify new absolute rotation : 45 Enter
5.8.4 Fit Text (FITTEXT)

This command is used to fit text between specified points. This option work
with single line text.
68 | P a g e
Procedure to fit text.

Create single line text
Invoke fit text command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Select text
Specify end point to fit text.
5.8.5 JustifyText (TJUST)

Changes a text object's justification without changing its position. Works
with text, mtext, and attribute definition objects.
5.8.6 Convert to Mtext (TXT2MTXT)
This command is used convert single line text to multiline text.
Procedure to convert .
Create single line text
Invoke convert to Mtext command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Select single line text and press Enter.
5.8.7 Auto Number (TCOUNT)

This command is used for numbering Mtext and text.
Procedure for numbering.

Create text or Mtext
Invoke auto number command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Select text or Mtext and press Enter.
Sort selected object : Y Enter
Specify starting number and increment: 1,1 Enter
Placement of number: P Enter {for prefix}
5.8.8 Enclose in object (TCIRCLE)

This command is used to enclose text or mtext with circles, rectangles, and
slots .
Procedure to enclose text.

Create text or Mtext
Invoke enclose in object command from Text toolbar of Express tools.
Select text or Mtext and press Enter.
Enter distance offset factor<0.35>: 0.5 Enter
Specify starting number and increment: 1,1 Enter
Enclose text with: C Enter {for circle}
Create circles of constant or variable size : C Enter {for constant}
Options
5.8.1 Remote Text (RTEXT): Insert or edit or remote text object.

5.8.9 Text Mask (TEXTMASK): Place a mask behind selected text.
5.8.10 Unmask Text (TEXTUNMASK): Remove a mask behind selected text.
69 | P a g e
[DIMENSIONING]
[CHAPTER 6]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[DIMENSIONING] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS
70 | P a g e
71 | P a g e

DIMENSIONING
6.1 Dimension Terminology:
Fig. 6.1
6.2 Dimension Style (D)

To make dimension style select dimension style tool in annotation toolbar of
home menu as shown in figure 6.2
Fig. 6.2
Dimension Style Manager appear on drawing screen (Figure 6.3)
Fig. 6.3
72 | P a g e
Click New to make new style (Figure 6.3)

Give new style name (Figure 6.4)
Click Continue(Figure 6.4)
New dimension style dialogue box appear in drawing screen (Figure 6.5)
Fig.6.4
6.2.1 Lines
Fig.6.5
Dimensions Lines
1. Change color of dimension line. If dimensioning is done in layers then select color
as By Layer from drop down list.
2. Change line type of dimension line to centre, hidden, continuous or by layer as par
the requirement.
3. Change line weight of dimension line.
4. Base line spacing is distance between two adjacent dimensions.(Figure 6.7)
5. Suppress means to remove dimension lines.(Figure 6.6)
Fig. 6.6
73 | P a g e
Fig. 6.7
Fig. 6.8
Extension lines
6. Change color of extension line. If dimensioning is done in layers then select
colour as By Layer from drop down list.
7. Change line type of extension line by centre, hidden, continuous or by layer as par
the requirement.
8. Change line weight of extension line.
9. Suppress means to wipe out extension lines.
10. Extend beyond dimension lines- it is the distance between dimension line and end
of extension line.(Figure 6.8)
11. Offset from origin-The distance between object and extension line.(Figure 6.8).
6.2.2 Symbols and Arrows
Fig. 6.9
1. Arrow head: Select pattern for arrowhead of dimension line as par the
requirement.(Figure .10)
74 | P a g e
Fig. 6.10
Fig. 6.11
2. Leader:
Select pattern for arrow head of leader line. Leader line is used to write
note, feature characteristic, Part name, part number in assembly drawing and other
detail.(Figure 6.11)
3. Centre Marks: (Figure 6.12)
Fig. 6.12
4. Dimension Break: (Figure 6.13)
Fig. 6.13
Fig. 6.14
5. Arc Length Symbol: A small arc placed with dimension text is called arc length
symbol. (Figure 6.15)
Fig. 6.15
75 | P a g e

6. Radius Jog Dimension: Jog angle is the angle between intersecting lines of zig-zag
pattern.(Figure 6.14)
7. Linear Jog Dimension: (Figure 6.16)
Fig. 6.16
6.2.3 Text
Fig. 6.17
1. Fill Color (Figure 6.18)
Fig. 6.18
2. Draw Frame Around Text: (Figure 6.19)

3. Text Placement Vertical: (Figure 6.20)
76 | P a g e
Fig. 6.19
Fig. 6.20
4. Text Placement Horizontal: (Figure 6.21)
Fig. 6.21
5. View Direction: (Figure 6.22)
Fig. 6.22
6. Offset From Dimension Line: (Figure 6.23)
Fig. 6.23
77 | P a g e

7. Text Alignment Horizontal: (Figure 6.24)
8. Align with Dimension Text: (Figure 6.24)
9. ISO Standard: (Figure 6.24)
Fig. 6.24
6.2.4 Fit (Figure 6.25)
Fig. 6.25
78 | P a g e

6.2.5 Primary Units (Figure 6.26)
Fig. 6.26
1. Unit Format: (Figure 6.27)
Fig. 6.27
2. Precision: (Figure 6.28)
Fig. 6.28
79 | P a g e

3. Fraction Format: (For fractional unit format) (Figure 6.29)
Fig. 6.29
4. Decimal Separator: Figure 6.30)
Fig. 6.30
5. Round off: (Figure 6.31)
Fig. 6.31
6. Prefix: (Figure 6.32)

7. Suffix: (Figure 6.32)
Fig. 6.32
8. Scale Factor: Make Dimension text multiple of specified factor. Though text
shows multiple value, actual size of object remain unchanged.
9. Zero Supresson: (Figure 6.33)
Without Zero Suppression
With Zero Suppression
Fig. 6.33
10. Angular Dimension: (Figure 6.34)
Fig. 6.34
6.2.6 Alternate Units: It is used to show two units on dimension line.(Figure 6.35, 6.36)
80 | P a g e
Fig. 6.35
Fig. 6.36
6.2.7 Tolerance (Figure 6.38)

Method: (Figure 6.37)
Fig. 6.37
81 | P a g e
Fig. 6.38
6.3 Dimension Toolbar

6.3.1 Linear (DIMLINEAR)
It is used for horizontal and vertical dimensioning.
Procedure for linear dimensioning (Figure 6.39)
Invoke linear command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions
toolbar of annotation menu.
Select end points of line 1 and 2
Specify location point by clicking at desired location point
Fig. 6.39
6.3.2 Aligned (DIMALIGNED)

It is used for dimensioning inclined and taper lines.
Procedure for aligned dimensioning (Figure 6.40)
82 | P a g e
Invoke aligned command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions

Select end points of line 1 and 2
Fig. 6.40
6.3.3 Angular (DIMANGULAR)

It is used for dimensioning angle between two intersecting lines.
Procedure for Angular dimensioning (Figure 6.41)
Invoke angular command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions
Select intersecting lines 1 and 2
Fig. 6.41
6.3.4
Arc Length (DIMARC)

It is used for arc length dimensioning.
Procedure for Arc length dimensioning (Figure 6.42)
Invoke arc length command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or
dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select arc to dimension
Fig. 6.42
6.3.5
Radius (DIMRADIUS)
It is used for radius dimensioning of arc and circle.
Procedure for radius dimensioning (Figure 6.43)
Invoke radius command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions
Select arc/circle to dimension
83 | P a g e
Fig. 6.43
6.3.6
Diameter (DIMDIAMETER)
It is used for diameter dimensioning of arc and circle.
Procedure for diameter dimensioning (Figure 6.44)
Invoke diameter command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions
Select arc/circle to dimension
Fig. 6.44
6.3.7
Ordinate (DIMORDINATE)
It is used for dimensioning ordinate of end points of line, Centre of circle, corners of
polygon etc..
Procedure for ordinate dimensioning (Figure 6.45)
Invoke ordinate command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions
Select point to dimension.
Specify location point by clicking at desired location point.
Fig. 6.45
6.3.8
Jogged (DIMJOGGED)
It is used for radius dimensioning for arc of large radius whose centre point lies far
from drawing area.
Procedure for jogged dimensioning (Figure 6.46)
Invoke jogged command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions
Select point 1 on arc to dimension to position head of arrow.
Select point 2 to position tail of arrow.
Select point 3 to position text.
84 | P a g e
Select point 4 to position jog line.
Fig. 6.46
Fig. 6.47
6.3.9 Break (DIMBREAK)

It is used to break dimension line from the region where it intersects the intervening
object.
Procedure to beak dimensioning (Figure 6.47)
Invoke Break command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select dimension to break.
6.3.10 Adjust Space (DIMSPACE)
It is used to make selected dimension lines equally spaced.
Procedure to adjust dimension space (Figure 6.48)
Invoke Adjust space command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select base dimension.
Select dimension to space and press Enter.
Enter space value and press Enter
Fig. 6.48
6.3.11 Quick Dimension (QDIM)

It is used to quickly dimension the selected objects.
Procedure to Quick dimension (Figure 6.49)
Invoke Quick dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select Objects.
Move cursor to specified location.
Click to place dimension lines and press Esc.
85 | P a g e
Fig. 6.49
Fig. 6.50
6.3.12 Baseline Dimension (DIMBASELINE)

It is used to dimension object about a particular base line. It is also called datum
dimensioning.
Procedure to baseline dimension (Figure 6.51)
Create Linear dimension first from point 1 to 2.
Invoke Baseline dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation
menu.
Select corner points 3 and 4 and press Esc.
Fig. 6.51
Fig. 6.52
6.3.13 Inspect Dimension (DIMINSPECT)

It is used to insert inspection tag on selected dimensions for quality check or add
any other inspection information.
Procedure to Inspect dimension (Figure 6.52)
Invoke Inspect dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Inspection Dimension dialogue box appear on drawing screen. (Figure 6.53)
Fig. 6.53
86 | P a g e
Select dimension to inset tag.

Enter label.
Specify inspection rate
Clock OK
6.3.14 Update Dimension (DIMINSPECT)

It is used to update dimension object with the current dimension style.
Procedure to update dimension.
Invoke update dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select dimensions to change with current dimension style and press Enter.
6.3.15 Linear Jog Dimension (DIMJOGLINE)
It is used to insert jog line in selected dimension.
Procedure to insert jog line dimension (Figure 6.54)
Invoke linear jog dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation
menu.
Select dimension.
Select location to place jog line.
Fig. 6.54
Fig. 6.55
6.3.16 Reassociate Dimension (DIMREASSOCIATE)

It is used to associate or reassociate dimensions
Procedure to associate dimension (Figure 6.56)
Invoke reassociate dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation
menu.
Select dimensions to associate (both linear and diameter) and press Enter.
Select first extension line origin
Select second extension line origin.
Select Arc or circle and press Enter.
Fig. 6.56
87 | P a g e

6.3.17 Tolerance (TOLERANCE)
It is used to insert tolerance in drawing.
Fig. 6.57
88 | P a g e

6.3.18 Center Mark (DIMCENTER)
It is used to mark center of arc/circle.
Procedure to mark center (Figure 6.55)
Invoke centre command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select arc/circle to mark.
6.3.19 Oblique (DIMEDIT)
It is used to rotate extension line to a specified angle.
Procedure (Figure 6.58)
Invoke oblique command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select dimensions and press Enter
Specify oblique angle and press Enter.
Fig. 6.58
Fig. 6.59
6.3.20 Text Angle (DIMTEDIT)

It is used to rotate dimension text to a specified angle.
Invoke text angle command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select dimension.
Specify angle for dimension text and press Enter.
6.3.21 Left Justify (DIMTEDIT)
It is used to move dimension text to left.
Invoke Left Justify command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select dimensions and press Esc.
6.3.22 CentreJustify (DIMTEDIT)
It is used to move dimension text to centre.
Invoke Centre Justify command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
6.3.23 Right Justify (DIMTEDIT)
It is used to move dimension text to right.
Invoke Right Justify command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Fig. 6.60
89 | P a g e

6.3.24 Override (DIMOVERRIDE)
It is used to change overrides of dimensions i.e. change variables set in override to
variables set in mail style.
Fig. 6.61

Invoke Override command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.
Select Override dimensions and press Enter.
6.4 Qleader (LE)
Leader line is used to write note, feature characteristic, Part name, part
number in assembly drawing and other detail.
Command:
LE Enter
{Invoke qleader command}
Specify first leader point, or [Settings] <Settings>:
Select Point 1
Specify next point:
Select point 2
Specify next point:
Select Point 3
Specify text width <0>:
0 Enter
Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>:
4 HOLES %%C16 Enter
Enter next line of annotation text:
48 DEEP Enter Enter
Fig. 6.62
6.5 Multileader (MLEADER)
6.5.1 Multileader Style
Select Multileader style from Annotation toolbar of Home menu (Figure
6.63)
Fig. 6.63
90 | P a g e
Multileader Style Manager appear on drawing screen.(Figure 6.63)
Fig. 6.63
Click New to make new style.

Enter new style name (Figure 6.64)
Click Continue to modify new style.
Fig. 6.64
1. Leader Format
Fig. 6.65
91 | P a g e
Multileader style dialogue box appear on drawing screen.(Figure 6.65)

Multileader Type:
Fig. 6.66
2. Leader Structure
Fig. 6.67
Maximum Leader Point:
Fig. 6.68
92 | P a g e
Fig. 6.69
Landing Setting
Fig. 6.70
3. Content
Fig. 6.71
Multileader type
i.
Mtext
Fig. 6.72
93 | P a g e
Fig. 6.73

ii.
Block
Fig. 6.74
6.5.2 Create Multileader (MLEADER)

Select multileader command from annotation toolbar
Specify Point 1 and 2
Type text for first line and press Enter
Type text for second line otherwise press Enter
Fig. 6.75
6.5.3 Add Leader (MLEADEREDIT)

It is used to add leader line in existing multileader line.
Select Add leader command from annotation toolbar.
Select existing multileader line.
Specify Point 1 and 2
Press Esc
94 | P a g e
Fig. 6.76
6.5.4 Remove Leader (MLEADEREDIT)

It is used to remove leader line from existing group of multileader lines.
Select Remove leader command from annotation toolbar.
Select any one existing multileader line from group.
Select multileader lines to remove and press Enter.
Fig. 6.77
6.5.5 Align (MLEADERALIGN)

It is used to align selected multileader line.
Select Align command from annotation toolbar.
Select multileader lines to align and press Enter.
Select multileader to align to and Click on specified location {ORTHO
ON}.
Fig.6.78
6.5.6 Collect (MLEADERCOLLECT)

It is used to collect selected multileader line.
Select collect command from annotation toolbar.
Select multileader lines to collect and press Enter.
Click on specified location.
Fig. 6.79
95 | P a g e
[BLOCK & ATTRIBUTE]

[CHAPTER 7]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[BLOCK & ATTRIBUTE] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS
7.1 BLOCK
Block command is used to reduce effort in redrawing same sub-objet with different
properties. Suppose a sub object is using many times in a drawing at different location with
different size and orientation. Make a block of that sub-object and insert the same with
different properties as par the requirements.
7.1.1 Create Block (B)
Procedure
Invoke Create Block command from Block toolbar of Insert menu
Block Definition dialogue box appear on drawing screen (Figure 7.1)
Fig. 7.1
96 | P a g e
Enter Block Name

Click tool to specify base point (Figure 7.1)
Specify base point on drawing (Figure 7.1)
Click tool to select object
Select object to make block and press Enter

Click OK
7.1.2 Insert Block (I)

Procedure
Invoke Insert Block command from Block toolbar of Insert menu
Insert dialogue box appear on drawing screen (Figure 7.2)
Select Block Name
Specify scale factor as par requirements
Specify rotation angle.
Click OK
Specify Base point on drawing screen to locate block.
Fig. 7.2
7.1.3 Block Editor (BEDIT)
Fig. 7.3
97 | P a g e
Procedure
Invoke Block Editor command from Block toolbar of Insert menu
Edit Block Definition dialogue box appear on drawing screen (Figure 7.3)
Enter Block Name or select existing block to edit
Click OK
Draw object on block editor screen and add parameters and actions.
Parameters and Actions

1. Linear parameter and Stretch action:
Procedure to add linear parameter and stretch action to a rectangle.
Draw Rectangle on Block Editor screen (Figure 7.4)
Fig. 7.4
Fig. 7.5
Select Linear Parameter from left side pallett.

Specify point 1, 2 and 3 to locate parameter {process is same as that of linear
dimensioning}(Figure 7.5)
Select Stretch Action from Left side pallets

Select linear parameter(Figure 7.6)
Fig. 7.6
Specify point 1 to associate with action

Select point 4 as first corner of stretch frame. (Figure 7.7)
Select point 5 as second corner of stretch frame (Figure 7.7)
Select rectangle and press Enter
Click Test Block (Figure 7.8)
Fig. 7.8
98 | P a g e
Fig. 7.7
Select end grip of rectangle to stretch (Figure 7.9)

Click Save box (Figure 7.8)
Fig. 7.9
Close Text Editor screen.
2. Point parameter and Move action:

Procedure to add point parameter and move action to a rectangle.
Select point parameter from left side palletts.

Select corner point of rectangle. (Figure 7.10)
Fig. 7.10
Fig. 7.11
Click on a specified location to place point parameter. (Figure 7.10)
Select Move Action from side paletts

Select Position1 parameter
Select end grip of rectangle to move (Figure 7.11)
3. XY parameter and Scale action:

Select XY parameter from left side palletts.

Select corner point1, 2 and 3 of rectangle. (Figure 7.12)
Fig. 7.12
99 | P a g e
Select Scale Action from side paletts

Select XY parameter
Fig. 7.13


Select XY parameter from left side palletts.

Fig. 7.12
Fig. 7.13
Select Scale Action from side paletts

Select XY parameter

Select XY parameter from left side pallets.

Fig. 7.12
100 | P a g e
Select Scale Action from side pallets

Select XY parameter
Fig. 7.13

6. Rotation parameter and Rotate action:
Procedure to add rotation parameter and rotate action to a rectangle.
Select Rotation parameter from left side pallets.

Select point 1 as base point (Figure 7.14)
Fig. 7.14
Select point 2 to specify radius. (Figure 7.14)

Specify default rotation angle and press Enter.
Select point 3 to place label. (Figure 7.14)
Select Rotate Action from side pallets

Select Rotation parameter.
Select Nut and press Enter.
Select grip of nut to stretch (Figure 7.15)
Fig. 7.15
7. Flip parameter and Flip action:

It is used to insert mirror action in drawing.
Procedure to add flip parameter and Flip action to surface roughness symbol..
101 | P a g e
Select Flip parameter from left side pallets.

Select point 1 as base point (Figure 7.16)

Fig. 7.16
Fig. 7.17
Select point 2 to specify Flip Axis. (Figure 7.16)

Select point 3 to place flip state label. (Figure 7.16)
Select point 3 to place label. (Figure 7.14)
Select Flip Action from side pallets

Select Flip parameter.
Select Object and press Enter.
Select Arrow to flip (Figure 7.17)
8. XY parameter and Array action:

Procedure to add XY parameter and Array action to a square.
Select XY parameter from left side pallets.

Select point 1, 2 and 3. (Figure 7.18)
Select location to place label. (Figure 7.18)
Select Array Action from side pallets

Select XY parameter.
Select Object and press Enter.
Enter distance between rows and press Enter.
Enter distance between column and press Enter.
Select Grips to increase rows and columns (Figure 7.19)
Fig. 7.18
Fig. 7.19
9. Polar and Polar Stretch action:

Procedure to add XY parameter and Array action to a square.
102 | P a g e
Select Polar parameter from left side pallets.

Select point 1and 2. (Figure 7.20)
Fig. 7.20
Fig. 7.21
Select location to place label. (Figure 7.20)
Select Polar Stretch Action from side pallets

Select Polar parameter.
Select point 1 as parameter point. (Figure 7.20)
Select point 3 as first corner of stretch frame. (Figure 7.21)
Select point 4 as second corner of stretch frame. (Figure 7.21)
Select objects and press Enter. (Figure 7.22)
Fig. 7.22
Fig. 7.23
Select object to remove {all objects} and press Enter

Select Grip to edit length and angle of line (Figure 7.23)
7.2 ATTRIBUTES
7.2.1 Define Attribute (ATTDEF)
Procedure to define part tag number a part in an assembly drawing.
Select Define Attribute tool from Attributes toolbar of Insert menu.
Draw Circle of specified radius.
Attribute Definition dialogue box appear on drawing screen. (Figure
7.24)
103 | P a g e
Fig. 7.24
Specify tag as Tag Number (Figure 7.24)

Enter prompt as What is Tag number? (Figure 7.24)
Enter default as 01. (Figure 7.24)
Set justification as middle Centre. (Figure 7.24)
Specify text height. (Figure 7.24)
Click OK. (Figure 7.24)
Specify centre of circle as start point. (Figure 7.25)
Fig. 7.25
Fig. 7.26
Fig. 7.27
Create Block of circle and attribute.

Block attribute is generated. (Figure 7.26)
Insert block and change tag number when it is asked to you. (Figure 7.27)
7.2.2 Edit Attribute (EATTEDIT)

Procedure
Select Define Attribute tool from Attributes toolbar of Insert menu.
Select Attribute
Enhanced Attribute Editor shown on drawing screen
104 | P a g e
105 | P a g e

7.2.3 Manage Attribute (BATTMAN)
It is used to change the order of attribute
Procedure
Select Manage Attribute tool from Attributes toolbar of Insert menu.
Block Attribute Manager appear on drawing screen.
7.2.4 Synchronise Attribute (ATTSYNC)

Updates block references with new and changed attributes from a specified block
definition.
7.2.5 Retain Display (ATTDISP): Show only the visible attributes.
7.2.6 Display All (ATTDISP): Show all attributes.
7.2.7 Hide All (ATTDISP): Hide all attributes.
106 | P a g e
[PROPERTIES & LAYERS]

[CHAPTER 8]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[PROPERTIES & LAYERS] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

8.1 Properties Toolbar
1. Color:
Select object to change color
Open drop down list and select color (Figure 8.1)
2. Line weight:
Fig. 8.1 Color Setting
107 | P a g e
Fig. 8.2 Lineweight Setting

3. Linetype:
Fig 8.3
. 8.3 Line weight Setting
Fig. 8.4
Fig. 8.5
3.1 Line Type Scale (LTS)

This command is used to scale linetype for drawings.
108 | P a g e
Procedure
Type LTS on command window and press Enter.
Specify new linetype scale factor and press Enter.

4. List : (LIST)
It is used to show detail (properties and parameters) of selected object.
Fig. 8.6
Fig. 8.7
Procedure
Invoke List command from properties toolbar. (Figure 8.6)
Select objects and press enter (Figure 8.7)
Fig. 8.8
109 | P a g e

8.2 LAYERS
8.2.1 Layer Properties (LAYER)
110 | P a g e
Procedure to create new layer

Select Property Manager tool from layer toolbar
Layer Properties Manager appears in drawing screen.
Click new layer from layer properties manager

Enter layer name
Select layer color
Select layer linetype
Select layer lineweight
Cancel layer properties manager.
8.2.2 Make Objects layer current (LAYMCUR)

To make layer of selected object as current layer.
Procedure
Select Tool from Layers tool bar.
Select object Whose layer will be current layer.
8.2.3 Match (LAYMCH)
To Change layer of objects to layer of other selected object.
Procedure
Select objects to change layer and press Enter.
Select object on destination layer.
8.2.4 Previous (LAYERP)
To Change current layer to previously worked layer.
Procedure
{Current layer automatically changed to previous layer in the list}
111 | P a g e

8.2.5 Isolate (LAYISO)
To lock all layers other than the selected layers
Procedure
Select object whose layer will not be locked and press Enter.
{Except selected layers all layers are locked}
8.2.6
Unisolate (LAYUNISO)
To restore isolate layers.
Procedure
{Layers are automatically unlock}
8.2.7 Freeze (LAYFRZ)

To freezes layer of selected objects.
Procedure
Select objects whose layer will be freeze.
{Freeze means hiding of layer and also it is not a part of external
reference}
8.2.8 Off (LAYOFF)
To turns off layer of selected object.
Procedure
Select object whose layer will be turn off.
8.2.9 Turn all layers on (LAYON)
To turns on layer of selected object.
Procedure
Select object whose layer will be turn on.
8.2.10 Thaw all layers (LAYTHW)
To make previously frozen layers unfrozen.
Procedure
{All Layers are automatically thawed}
112 | P a g e

8.2.11 Lock (LAYLCK)
To locks selected layers.
Procedure
Select objects whose layer will be locked.
{Lock layers can be seen but cannot be edited}
8.2.12 Unlock (LAYULK)
To unlock selected locked layers.
Procedure
Select objects whose layer will be unlocked.
8.2.13 Changed to current layer (LAYCUR)
To change layer of selected objects by current layer.
Procedure
Select objects whose layer will be change to current layer and press
Enter.
8.2.14 Copy objects to new layer (COPYTOLAYER)
To copy selected objects to new layer of other selected object.
Procedure
Select objects to copy to new layer and press Enter.
Select object on destination layer
Specify base point
Specify location to place copy objects
Click at that location
8.2.15 Layer Walk (LAYWALK)

To display layer of selected object and hide object of all other layer.
Procedure
Lay walk dialogue box appear.
Select layer you want to display.
Click OK.
{Objects drawn in selected layer is only displayed on drawing
screen}
113 | P a g e

8.2.16 Isolate to current Viewport (LAYVPI)
It freezes selected layers in all layout viewport accept current layout viewport.
Procedure
Select object on the current viewport whose layer to be isolated
from other viewports.
8.2.17 Merge (LAYMRG)
It meges the selected objects layers to target layer.
Procedure
Select object on the layer to merge and press Enter
Select target layer
8.2.18 Delete (LAYDEL)
It delete layer of selected object.
Procedure
Select object whose layer to be deleting.
114 | P a g e
[PERIMETRIC CONSTRAINTS]
[CHAPTER 9]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[PERIMETRIC CONSTRAINTS] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS
PARAMETRIC CONSTRAINTS
9.1 Geometric Constraints
9.1.1 Auto Constrain (AUTOCONSTRAIN)
It is automatically insert possible geometric constraints to the selected objects.
Invoke Auto Constrain command from geometric toolbar.
Fig. 9.1
Fig. 9.2
9.1.2
Coincident (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to coincide two points. These points may be the end points of line or
centre of circle or any object snap point.
Invoke Coincident Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select end points 1 and 2.{ Point 1 and two coincide, in the absence of
other constraint the first selected point is stationary and the other
selected point move to first point. In above example point 2 move to
point 1 and point 1 is stationary}
Again invoke Coincident Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select end point 3 and circle.{point 3 coincide with the centre of circle}
9.1.3
Collinear (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to make two straight lines lie in series.
115 | P a g e

Invoke Collinear Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select line 1 and 2. {Line 2 move in series with line 1}
Fig. 9.3
9.1.4
Fig. 9.4
Concentric (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to make two circles, arcs and or ellipse lie at the same centre point.
Invoke Concentric Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select circle 1 and 2. {circle 2 will be concentric with circle 1}
9.1.5
Fix (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to fix position of point on curve and line. The fix object does not move
even if move command is applied.
Invoke Fix Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select object to fix.
Fig. 9.5
Fig. 9.6
9.1.6
Parallel (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to make two lines parallel to each other.
Invoke Parallel Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select Line 1 and 2. {Line 2 moves parallel to line one}
9.1.7
Perpendicular (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to make two lines perpendicular to each other.
Invoke perpendicular Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select Line 1 and 2. {Line 2 moves perpendicular to line one}
116 | P a g e
Fig. 9.7
Fig. 9.8
9.1.8
Horozontal (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to make selected line horizontal.
Invoke Horizontal Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select Line. {Line will be horizontal}
9.1.9 Vertical (GEOMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to make selected line vertical.
Invoke Vertical Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select Line to make vertical.
Fig. 9.9
Fig. 9.10
9.1.10 Tangent (GEOMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to make line tangent to arc or circle.
Invoke Tangent Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select circle and line to make tangent.
9.1.11 Smooth (GEOMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to maintain second order geometric (G2) continuity of spline with line,
polyline, arc or other spline.
Invoke Smooth Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select spline. {First object must be a spline}
Select line, polyline, arc or other spline.
117 | P a g e

Fig. 9.11
Fig. 9.12
9.1.12 Symmetric (GEOMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to make one object symmetric of another object about selected line of
symmetry
Invoke Symmetric Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select first destination object.
Select second object.
Select Symmetry line.
9.1.13 Equal (GEOMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to make two lines of equal length and two arcs or circles of equal radius.
Invoke Equal Constraint command from geometric toolbar.
Select first destination object.
Select second object.
.
Fig. 9.13
9.1.14 Show (CONSTRAINTBAR): Show constraint of selected object.

9.1.15 Hide All (CONSTRAINTBAR): Hide all constraint in drawing.
9.1.16 Show All (CONSTRAINTBAR): Show all constraint in drawing.
9.2 Dimensional Constraints
The size of object can be edited by editing text of dimensional constraints.
9.2.1 Linear (DIMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to constraint the horizontal and vertical distance between points.
Procedure (Figure 9.14, 9.15)
Invoke Linear command from dimensional toolbar.
118 | P a g e

Fig. 9.14
Fig. 9.15
Fig. 9.16
9.2.2 Horizontal (DIMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to constraint the horizontal distance between points.
Invoke Horizontal command from dimensional toolbar.
9.2.3 Vertical (DIMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to constraint the vertical distance between points.
Invoke Vertical command from dimensional toolbar.
9.2.4 Aligned (DIMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to constraint distance between two points that lies at an inclination.
Invoke Aligned command from dimensional toolbar.
9.2.5 Radial (DIMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to constraint radius of arc or circle.
Invoke Radial command from dimensional toolbar.
Select arc/circle.
Fig. 9.17
9.2.6
Fig. 9.18
Diameter (DIMCONSTRAINT)
It is used to constraint diameter of arc or circle.
Invoke Diameter command from dimensional toolbar.
Select arc/circle.
9.2.7 Angular (DIMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to constraint angle between two intersecting lines.
119 | P a g e
Invoke Angular command from dimensional toolbar.

Select line1 and 2..
Fig. 9.19
Fig. 9.20
9.2.8 Convert (DIMCONSTRAINT)

It is used to convert dimensions to dimensional constraints.
Invoke Convert command from dimensional toolbar.
Select dimension.
Enter new value of dimension and press Enter.
9.2.9 Show Dynamic Constraint (DYNCONSTRAINTDISPLAY)

It is used to hide or display the dimensional constraints.
9.2.10 Delete Constraints (DELCONSTRAINT)
It is used to delete the selected constraints.
9.2.11 Parametric Manager (PARAMETERS)
It is used to express relation between parameters.
120 | P a g e
[CHAPTER 10]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
STATUS TOLBAR & ENQUIRY COMMANDS
121 | P a g e
10.1 Status Toolbar

Status toolbar provide some extra facilities to perform drafting work more efficiently
and in less time.
10.1.1 Snap (F9)
Using this tab, cursor will move in an interval of specified distance.
Setting of Snap distance
Right click on Snap/Grid tool in status toolbar. (Figure 10.1)
Select Setting. (Figure 10.1)
Fig. 10.1
Drafting Settings dialogue box appear on drawing screen. (Figure 10.2)

Enter X and Y spacing distance. (Figure 10.2)
Click OK.
Fig. 10.2
122 | P a g e

10.1.2
Grid (F7)
When Grid is on dots or graph appear on screen. (Figure 10.3)
Fig. 10.3
Fig. 10.4
Setting of Grid distance

Right click on Snap/Grid tool in status toolbar. (Figure 10.1)
Enter X and Y spacing for grid. (Figure 10.2)
Click OK.
{When Snap and grid spacing are equal cursor will move on grid points}
10.1.3
10.1.4
Ortho (F8)
When Ortho is on line will move either horizontal or vertical. (Figure 10.4)
Polar (F10)
It is used to create angular line by setting increment angle.
Setting of increment angle
Right click on Polar tool in status toolbar. (Figure 10.5)
Select increment angle from drafting setting dialogue box. (Figure 10.6)
Fig. 10.5
123 | P a g e
Fig. 10.6
10.1.5
Osnap (F3)
It is used to display features like end point, midpoint, centres etc. on objects.
Setting of Osnap
Right click on Osnap tool in status toolbar. (Figure 10.7)
Drafting setting dialogue box appear on drawing screen. (Figure 10.8)
124 | P a g e
Fig. 10.7
Fig. 10.8
125 | P a g e

10.1.6
Object Tracking (F11)
Fig. 10.9
10.1.7
Allow/Disallow Dynamic UCS

Change UCS with the selection of 3D object.
10.1.8
Dynamic properties (F12)

Display parameters of object, coordinates of cursor, angle, options and
instructions directly on drawing screen. (Figure 10.10)
Fig. 10.10
10.1.9
Show/Hide Lineweight
Lineweight of objects will be shown only when lineweight tab is on.
10.1.10 Quick Properties

Display properties of selected object directly on drawing screen. (Figure 10.11)
Fig. 10.11
126 | P a g e
10.2 Utilities Toolbar

10.2.1 Measure
1. Distance (MEASUREGEOM) (DI)
Measure the distance between two points and length of line by selecting end
points.
Invoke Distance command from Utilities toolbar.
Select points 1 and 2.
Fig. 10.12
Fig. 10.13
2. Radius (MEASUREGEOM)
Measure the radius and diameter of selected arc/circle.
Invoke Radius command from Utilities toolbar.
Select arc/circle.
3. Angle (MEASUREGEOM)
Measure the angle between two intersecting lines.
Invoke Angle command from Utilities toolbar.
Select intersecting lines.
Fig. 10.14
Fig. 10.15
4. Area (MEASUREGEOM)
Measure area of polygon, circle or ellipse.
Procedure to measure area of rectangle (Figure 10.17)
Invoke Area command from Utilities toolbar.
Select corner points of polygon and press Enter.
127 | P a g e
Procedure to measure area of circle (Figure 10.16)

Invoke Area command from Utilities toolbar.
Invoke object option or type O and press Enter.
Select circle.
Fig. 10.16
Fig. 10.17
5. Volume (MEASUREGEOM)
Measure volume of solid object..
Invoke Volume command from Utilities toolbar.
Invoke object option or type O and press Enter.
Select 3D solid object.
10.2.2 Quick Select (QSELECT)
Quickly select a particular categories of objects like polyline, polyon, circle,
ellipse, arc etc.
Fig. 10.18
10.2.3 Select All (Ctrl + A)

Select all object drawn on drawing screen.
128 | P a g e
10.2.4 Quick Calculator

Open and closes the quick calculator.
10.2.5 ID Point (ID)
Display coordinates of a selected point.(Fig. 10.19)
Fig. 10.19
10.2.1 Point Style (DDPTYPE)

Display coordinates of a selected point. (Fig. 10.19)
Invoke Point Style command from Utilities toolbar.
Point Style dialogue box appear on drawing screen.
Select point style.
Fig. 10.20
10.3 Miscellaneous Commands

10.3.1 Match Properties
Change properties of objects to the selected object.
10.3.2 Properties (Ctrl + 1) (MO)
Properties pallets appear on left side of drawing screen which shows detail of
selected objects. (Fig. 10.21)
10.3.3 Design Centre (Ctrl + 2)
It is used to insert standard parts from sample template. (Fig. 10.22)
10.3.4 Tool Pallets (Ctrl + 3) (Fig. 10.23)
129 | P a g e
Fig. 10.21
Fig. 10.22
Fig. 10.23
130 | P a g e
[3D MODELLING]
[CHAPTER 11]
VAIBHAV GUPTA
[3D MODELLING] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

11.1 Unit Coordinate System
UCS (User coordinate system) used in 2D drafting is WCS (World Coordinate System)
where X is horizontal and Y is vertical. All drawings in 2D are created in single face i.e. top
face. In 3D drafting addition of Z axis endow with two more faces (side face and front face)
thus depending upon type of face UCS need to be transformed.
Fig. 11.1
Direction of X and Y axis illustrate the type of face. Interchanging direction of X and Y axis
does not change face however Z axis changes from positive to negative direction or vice
versa but lie in the same straight line.
i.
Top Face: In top face X and Y axis lie along the edges of side seen from top. If Z
axis is along vertical line (upward or down ward) there is always top face.
ii.
Right Face:
Fig. 11.2
In right face X and Y axis lie along the edges of side seen from right.
Fig. 11.2
iii.
Left Face:
131 | P a g e
In left face X and Y axis lie along the edges of side seen from left.
Fig. 11.3
11.1.1
Named UCS (UCAMAN)

Rename user coordinate system.
Procedure to name UCS
Set UCS to name as current.
Invoke Named UCS command from UCS toolbar.
UCS dialogue box appear on screen. (Figure 11.4)
Right click on unnamed.
Select Rename.
Type new name of current UCS.
Click OK.
Fig. 11.4
11.1.2
World UCS
Change current UCS to world coordinate system (Top Face).
132 | P a g e

11.1.3
Origin (UCS): Shift origin to specified place.

Procedure to Shift origin.
Invoke Origin UCS command from UCS toolbar.
Specify new location point on screen to position origin.
11.1.4
11.1.5
11.1.6
11.1.7
X Axis Rotation (UCS): Rotate UCS about X axis.

Y Axis Rotation (UCS): Rotate UCS about Y axis.
Z Axis Rotation (UCS): Rotate UCS about Z axis.
Z-Axis Vector (UCS): Specify direction of Z axis.
Invoke Z-Axis vector command from UCS toolbar.
Specify point 1 as new origin point.
Specify point 2 as direction of positive Z-axis.
Fig. 11.5
11.1.8
11.1.9
View (UCS): Align X and Y axis along the screen as shown in 2D screen.(Figure
11.6)
Object (UCS): Align X axis along the selected side.(Figure 11.7)
Fig. 11.7
11.1.10
11.1.11
Fig. 11.6
Fig. 11.8
Face (UCS): Align UCS along the selected face of 3D object. (Figure 11.8)
Invoke Face command from UCS toolbar.
Specify Face of solid object.
Select Accept from options.
3 Point (UCS): UCS is created by specifying origin point, direction of X- and Yaxis.
Invoke 3 Point command from UCS toolbar.
Specify corner point 1 as origin point.
Specify point 2 as direction of X-axis.
Specify point 3 as direction of Y-axis.
133 | P a g e
Fig. 11.9
11.2
View
A 3D object carries six faces and four corners. View toolbar is used to display these
six faces and four corners to create and visualise 3D object.
Fig. 11.10
Fig. 11.11
11.3
Modelling
11.3.1 Box [BOX]
Create cube and rectangular box.
134 | P a g e

1. Cube: [C]
Invoke Box command from Modelling toolbar.
Specify corner point.
Type C and press Enter. {invoke cube option}
Specify length of side and press Enter.
Fig. 11.12
Fig. 11.13
2. Length: [L]
Invoke Box command from Modelling toolbar.
Type L and press Enter. {invoke length option}
Specify length of box and press Enter.
Specify width of box and press Enter.
Specify height of box and press Enter.
11.3.2 Cylinder [CYLINDER]
Create cylinder by specifying centre point and radius of base circle and height.
Invoke Cylinder command from Modelling toolbar.
Specify Centre point for base circle.
Specify radius of cross-section and press Enter.
Specify height of cylinder and press Enter.
Fig. 11.14
135 | P a g e
Fig. 11.15

11.3.3 Cone [CONE]
Create cone by specifying centre point and radius of base circle and height.
Invoke Cone command from Modelling toolbar.
Specify Centre point for base circle.
Specify radius of cross-section and press Enter.
Specify height of cone and press Enter.
11.3.4 Sphere [SPHERE]
Create sphere by specifying centre point and radius.
Invoke Sphere command from Modelling toolbar.
Specify Centre point for circle.
Specify radius of sphere and press Enter
Fig. 11.16
Fig. 11.17
11.3.5
Pyramid [PYRAMID]
Create pyramid by specifying number of sides, centre point, radius and height.
Invoke Pyramid command from Modelling toolbar.
Type S and press Enter.
Specify Centre point for circle.
Specify radius of base polygon and press Enter.
Specify height of polygon and press Enter.
11.3.6
Wedge [WEDGE]
Create cube and rectangular wedge.
1. Cube: [C]
Invoke wedge command from Modelling toolbar.
Type C and press Enter. {invoke cube option}
Specify length of side and press Enter.
136 | P a g e

2. Length: [L]
Invoke Wedge command from Modelling toolbar.
Type L and press Enter. {invoke length option}
Specify length of wedge and press Enter.
Specify width of wedge and press Enter.
Specify height of wedge and press Enter.
Fig. 11.18
Fig. 11.19
11.3.7 Torus [Torus]

Create torus by specifying centre point, radius of torus and tube.
Invoke Torus command from Modelling toolbar..
Specify Centre point for torus.
Specify radius R1 and press Enter.
Specify radius of tube R2 and press Enter.
Fig. 11.20
11.3.8 Extrude [EXT]

Create 3D object by stretching cross-section to a particular height.
Invoke Extrude command from Modelling toolbar.
Select object and press Enter.
Specify extrusion height and press Enter.
Object if extruded in Z direction only.
Extrusion of cross-section drawn by single lines and /or curves creates surfaces.
Extrusion of region cross-section or polyline loop create solid. In order to make solid
use polyline to draw loop section otherwise region the loop.
137 | P a g e
Fig. 11.21
Fig. 11.22
11.3.9 Loft [LOFT]

Create 3D object of different cross-section passes through same path line.
Procedure (Figure 11.22, 23)
Invoke Loft command from Modelling toolbar.
Select cross sections 1, 2and 3 and press Enter.
Select Path from the list appear on drawing screen
Select path line and press Enter.
Fig. 11.23
Fig. 11.24
11.3.10 Revolve [REV]

Create 3D solid of revolution.
Invoke Revolve command from Modelling toolbar.
Select point 1 as axis start point.
Select point 2 as axis end point.
specify angle of revolution by 360and press Enter.
11.3.11 Sweep [SWEEP]
Sweep 2D object along a specified path.
Drqw helix by using Helix command.
Invoke Z-axis vector command from UCS toolbar.
Set Z-axis along the direction of helix.(Figure 11.25)
Draw object,
Invoke Sweep command from Modelling toolbar.
Select sweep path.
138 | P a g e
Fig. 11.25
Fig. 11.26
11.3.12 Polysolid [POLYSOLID]

Create 3D walls of specified width and height.
Invoke Polysolid command from Modelling toolbar.
Type H and press Enter.
Specify wall height and press Enter.
Type W and press Enter.
\specify width and press Enter.
Specify start point and draw wall by giving direction to cursor.
Fig. 11.27
Fig. 11.28
11.3.13 Planar Surface [PLANESURF]

Create surface of 2d object.
Invoke Planar surface command from Modelling toolbar.
Select point 1, 2 and 3.
11.3.14 Press/Pull [PRESSPULL]
Presses and pull surfaces of 2D and 3D objects. Basically used to shorten and
lengthen sides.
Invoke Press/Pull command from Modelling toolbar.
Select surface.
Give direction to cursor
Type pull height and press Enter.
139 | P a g e
Fig. 11.29
Fig. 11.29
11.3.15 Solid View [SOLVIEW]

Create orthographic view of 3D solid.
Open layout and move drawing at the corner of page.
Invoke solid view command.
Select UCS option from the list appears on drawing screen.
Select World option from list to create top view.
Type 1 as view scale and press Enter.
Specify view centre (click at the desired location on drawing sheet to
place view) and press Enter.
Specify first corner of viewport.
Specify opposite corner of viewport
Adjust view in view port.
Click outside the viewport to exit command
140 | P a g e

Invoke solid view command.
Select Ortho option from the list appears on drawing screen.
Select World option from list to create top view.
Select side of the viewport created with UCS option discussed above.
Specify view centre (click at the desired location on drawing sheet to
place view) and press Enter.
Specify first corner of viewport.
Specify opposite corner of viewport
Adjust view in view port.
Click outside the viewport to exit command.
11.3.16 Solid Profile [SOLPROF]

Create Profile of 3D solid.
Open paper space.
Invoke solid profile command.
Select Yes to display hidden profile on separate layer.
Select Yes to project profile lines on to the plane.
Select Yes to delete tangential Edges.
Fig. 11.31
11.4
Fig. 11.32
Solid Editing
11.4.1 Union [UNI]
Combine two or more than two 3D solid or 2D region objects into one.
Invoke Union command from solid editing toolbar.
Select objects to combine and press Enter.
11.4.2 Subtract [Sub]
Create holes, slots, notch etc in 3D solid objects.
Invoke Subtract command from solid editing toolbar.
Select object in which hole or slot is to make and press Enter.
Select object to subtract and press Enter.
141 | P a g e
Fig. 11.33
Fig. 11.34
11.4.3 Intersect [IN]

Create another 3D solid object from the combine material of two or more 3D solid
objects.
Invoke Intersect command from solid editing toolbar.
11.4.4 Interfere [INTERFERE]

Create temporary 3Dobject from the combine material of two solid objects.
Invoke Interfere command from solid editing toolbar.
Select objects 1 and press Enter.
Select object 2 and press Enter.
Fig. 11.35
Fig. 11.36
11.4.5 Slice [SL]

Slice 3D solid object.
Invoke Slice command from solid editing toolbar.
Select object to slice and press Enter.
Type 3 and press Enter. {Invoke 3 point option}
Specify (click) origin point.
Specify (click) X direction of slicing plane.
Specify (click) Y direction of slicing plane.
Type B and press Enter. {Invoke both side option}
142 | P a g e

11.4.6 Thicken [THICKEN]
Thicken 2D surface object to convert 3D solid object.
Invoke Thicken command from solid editing toolbar.
Select surface to thicken and press Enter.
Specify thickness and press Enter.
Fig. 11.37
Fig. 11.38
11.4.7 Extract Edges [XEDGES]

Create wireframe drawing from 3D solid object.
Invoke Extract Edges command from solid editing toolbar.
Select 3D solid object and press Enter.
11.4.8 Imprint [SOLIDEDIT]
Print 2D object on the selected surface of 3D solid object.
Invoke Imprint command from solid editing toolbar.
Select 3D solid object.
Select object to print.
Type N and press Enter to do not erase source object.
Fig. 11.39
Fig. 11.40
Fig. 11.41
11.4.9 Color Edges [SOLIDEDIT]

Color edges of 3D solid object.
Invoke Color Edges command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Edges of solid object to color and press Enter.
Select color from dialogue box.
Select Ok.
143 | P a g e

11.4.10 Copy Edges [SOLIDEDIT]
Copy edges of 3D solid object.
Invoke Copy Edges command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Edges of solid object to copy and press Enter.
Select base point.
Move cursor to a specified location and click.
11.4.11 Extrude Faces [SOLIDEDIT]
Extrude faces of 3D solid object.
Invoke Extrude Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to Extrude and press Enter.
Specify height of extrusion and press Enter.
Specify angle of taper for extrusion and press Enter.
Fig. 11.42
11.4.12 Taper Faces [SOLIDEDIT]

Taper faces of 3D solid object.
Invoke Taper Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to Taper and press Enter.
Specify point 1 as base point.
Specify point 2 along the axis of tapering.
Specify taper angle and press Enter.
Fig. 11.43
144 | P a g e
Fig. 11.44

11.4.13 Move Faces [SOLIDEDIT]
Move faces of 3D solid object.
Invoke Move Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to move and press Enter.
Specify base point.
Specify second point of displacement.
11.4.14 Copy Faces [SOLIDEDIT]
Copy faces of 3D solid object.
Invoke Copy Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to copy and press Enter.
Specify base point.
Move cursor to a specified location and press Enter.
Fig. 11.45
Fig. 11.46
11.4.15 \ Offset Faces [SOLIDEDIT]

Offset faces of 3D solid object.
Invoke Offset Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to offset and press Enter.
Specify offset distance and press Enter.
11.4.16 Delete Faces [SOLIDEDIT]
Delete fillets and chamfers from 3D solid object.
Invoke Delete Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to Delete and press Enter.
145 | P a g e
Fig. 11.47
Fig. 11.48
11.4.17 Rotate Faces [SOLIDEDIT]

Rotate faces of 3D solid object about specified axis.
Invoke Rotate Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to Rotate and press Enter.
Select point 1 as axis start point.
Select point 2 as axis of rotation.
Specify a rotation angle and press Enter.
11.4.18 Color Faces [SOLIDEDIT]

Color faces of 3D solid object about specified axis.
Procedure
Invoke Color Faces command from solid editing toolbar.
Select Faces of solid object to Color and press Enter.
Select Color from dialogue box and click Ok.
146 | P a g e

Vaibhav Gupta AUTOCAD Tutorial

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Vaibhav Gupta AUTOCAD Tutorial

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

INTRODUCTION

Upper right corner depends upon size of drawing.

If sizes in drawing are shown in two units then unit conversion is

VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

2.2 Relative coordinate system:

VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

2.3 Polar coordinate system:

{a point at any specified location}

VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

2.4 From Command:

{invoke circle command}

Exercise 3: Draw drawing shown in figure 2.7 with from command.

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Different commands of Draw toolbar

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.2 Arc Command (A)

Start, Centre, End

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Start, Centre, Angle

Start, Centre, Length

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Start, End, Angle

Start, End, Direction

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Start, End, radius

Centre, Start, End

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Centre, start, Angle

Specify angle of arc as type 180 and Enter.

Centre, start, length

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.3 Circle Command (C)

3.3.2 Centre, Diameter

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Procedure to draw a circle lies at corner points 1, 2 and 3 of a triangle shown in

3.3.5 Tan, Tan, Radius

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.3.6 Tan, Tan, Tan

3.4 Ellipse Command (EL)

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.4.2 Axis, End

3.4.3 Elliptical Arc

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.5 Polyline Command (PL)

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.5.3. Width [W]

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

Procedure to draw a square of 25units sides having width of line is 2 units

3.5.4. Halfwidth [H]

Procedure to draw a square of 25units sides

having halfwidth of line is 2 units as

{invoke halfwidth option}

{move cursor to rightward direction}

3.5.5. Close [C]

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.6.4. Thickness [T]

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

3.6.6. Area [A]

3.6.7. Dimension [D]

[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS