7

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS

RELATED LITERATURE
In this modern period where in people always rely on what the internet can do to
make our necessities easier. We are going to relate how web based learning application
help the students to learn fast, visualize and be versatile in their learning curve.

FOREIGN LITERATURE
The rapid development and widespread of Internet and communication
technologies have materially altered many characteristics and concepts of the learning
environment. E-learning emerged as an imperative paradigm of modern education
unrestricted by time or place, offering new possibilities to higher education institutes for
providing flexible and cost-effective remote or distance learning environment, thus many
universities put in their programs. In developing countries e-learning can compensate
the weakness of traditional education methods. While a considerable amount of
research has been conducted on e-learning, little has tested it from the perspective of
instructors, as a determinant or prerequisite for any successful implementation.

[1]

This paper summarizes findings from an empirical study that investigated the
conversion and delivery of an existing DOD-wide e-learning course, Trafficking In
Persons (TIP) General

Awareness Training, to a mobile format. The Advanced

Distribute Learning (ADL) Mobile Learning Team deployed the training content and
measured user feedback as a field experiment to volunteers in each of the DOD
services. This paper presents both quantitative and qualitative results, including learner
performance and overall satisfaction with the mobile course.

[2

This study was the development of e-learning indicators used as an e-learning

benchmarking model for higher education institutes. Specifically, it aimed to synthesize
the e-learning indicators, examine content validity by specialists, and explore
appropriateness of the e-learning indicators. Review of related literature included
textbooks and research paper and its content was synthesized until 7 indicators were
obtained institute/organization, curricular program/teaching and instructional design,
resource/technology/information technology, teaching/learning, learner, faculty and
supporting personnel, and measurement/evaluation. Then, the obtained indicators were
assessed by specialists based on content validity and appropriateness for further
competency comparing. [3]

The use of e-learning systems has increased significantly in the recent times. Elearning systems are supplementing teaching and learning in the universities globally.
Kenyan universities have adopted e-learning technologies as means for delivering

course content. However despite adoption of these systems, there are

considerable challenges facing the usability of the systems.

[4]

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of the
attitude towards English learning at eleventh grade of the secondary school in Iran. This
study was conducted on the effects of the use of MyEnglishLab, an online moodel
software program, on secondary school students. One part of the students accessed to
the free download software (MOODLE) in the classroom instruction. The students took
a t-test and filled out a survey and completed a course evaluation and qualitative survey
at the end of the research. The t-test scores were statistically evaluated. MyEnglishLab
was influence the students overall attitude toward English learning language.

[5]

LOCAL LITERATURE
In the Philippines, the term e-learning is used synonymously with online learning
and concerns the online delivery of instructional content as well as associated support
services to students. This article is primarily based on experiences at the University of
the Philippines Open University (UPOU). It showcases the development of e-learning in

10

the country from just a supplement within once-a-month face-to-face (FTF) sessions in
a university learning center to more extensive use of a learning management system
(LMS) as a venue for academic discussions as well as learning assessments, sharing
learning resources and content, and students submissions of course requirements. Also
discussed is how the mobile phone is being used to bridge the digital divide and make
the digitally excluded sectors of the Filipino society become part of the online learning
program of the university. The mechanisms being used to ensure quality education in elearning as well as the challenges faced by e-learning institutions are extensively
detailed. [6]

In the relation of Service Departments of AUP, through an Online Information

system that is implemented in the school can access centralized database such as
the information needed by the department to focus primarily in the information
gathered through the system, thus, it can hold and input directly the information
needed to interact with the students and teacher focus systems Online-systems like
Information systems of the students must have the data to be collected inside the
computer systems of the school and it must be prioritized remotely to prevent
unnecessary inconvenience, that if the users or the students in the computer system

11

typically interact from its terminals that may be located miles from the other
terminals and from the computer itself. [7]

The use of e-learning helps manage the costs and effort that a partner has to
bear in obtaining the training. In Ciscos approach, training is not mandatory as long
as the employee passes the appropriate exam. The company continuously updates
the training content and the corresponding exams. To ensure that employees stay
current, Cisco requires that these employee certifications be renewed annually. The
company makes hundreds of courses available free through the Partner E-Learning
web site. These courses are available in multiple languages around the world and
cover both sales technical training.

[8]

Technological trends these days shift the economy of the countries including
the behavior of the universities. The need to acquire and to provide students
knowledge and skills beyond geographic borders drives higher education institutions
to an astute state of cogitation. As a result, higher education institutions scramble to
implement eLearning for their students and putting everything in place for its
adoption. [9]

This thesis presents the concept of GUR (Grid Utilization in e-Learning

Objects), which allows the idea of e-learning techniques that utilize learning objects
(e.g., curriculum or instructional contents, multimedia contents, learners and teachers)

12

in the context of Gridcomputing technology. E-learning can be freely described as a

wide collection of applications and processes, which uses available electronic media to
bring education and training. With its rising recognition as an ever-present mode of
instruction and interaction in the academic and business world, the need for a scalable
and sensible model is becoming important. In this paper, GUR was introduced; a
framework that utilizes Grid technology as platform of Learning objects.

[10]

RELATED SYSTEMS
FOREIGN SYSTEMS

Mobile cloud learning, a combination of mobile learning and cloud computing, is

a relatively new concept that holds considerable promise for future development and
delivery in the education sectors. Cloud computing helps mobile learning overcome
obstacles related to mobile computing. The main focus of this paper is to explore how
cloud computing changes traditional mobile learning. A case study of the usage of
Moodle in the cloud via mobile learning in Khalifa University was conducted.

[11]

In October 2010, the AUT University commissioned a literature review of learning

Management Systems (LMS) as one part of a broader project reviewing LMS at AUT.

13

Learning management systems have been available in their current form since the early
1990s. internationally and within New Zealand, LMSs have become nearly ubiquitous
across the higher education sector as a core component of e-learning.

A frequently used definition of an LMS describes it as a broad term that is used

for a wide range of systems that organize and provide access to online learning
services for students, teachers, and administrators. These services usually include
access control, provision of learning content, communication tolls, and administration of
user groups. Most, if not all, Universities in New Zealand use one or more LMS.
Summarizing the extent to which the higher education sector has embraced the use of
LMS, Jones comments it is broadly accepted that the almost universal response to elearning within Universities has been a selection of an LMS. Learning management
systems are referred to by several names in the literature, including course
management systems, virtual learning environments (VLE), and e-learning courseware.
The term LMS is more frequently used in the majority of US based publications, and
VLE is more frequently used in Europe and Asia (Weller 2007). For the purposes of this
report, the term LMS is used synonymously with VLE.

[12]

The advent of web and the developments it has introduced both in everyday
practice and in education have generated discussion and reflection concerning the
technologies which higher education should rely on in order to provide the appropriate
e-learning services to future students.

14

In this context, the Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), which are widely used
in universities around the world to provide online courses to every specific knowledge
area and of course in foreign languages, have started to appear rather outdated.
Extensive research is under progress, concerning the ways in which educational
practice will follow the philosophy of web 2.0 by adopting the more learner-centred and
collaborative approach of e-learning applications, without abandoning the existing
investment of the academic institutions in VLEs, which belong to the e-learning
generation and, thus, serve a teacher. [13]

Benchmarking, a method for quality assurance has not been very commonly
used in higher education with regard to e-learning. Today, e-learning is an integral part
of higher education, and so should also be an integral part of quality assurance
systems. However, quality indicators, benchmarks and critical success factors on elearning have not been taken seriously into consideration, nor incorporated in ordinary
national or international quality assurance systems. The purpose of this paper is to
describe how The European Association of Distance Teaching Universities (EADTU)
initiated and developed E-xcellence+, a quality benchmarking assessment method and
tool. Design/methodology/approach: This paper, which is part of a larger research
project on European benchmarking, focuses on experiences from universities taking
part in the E-xcellence+ valorization process. Findings: The results showed that
benchmarking is a powerful tool to support improved governance and management in
higher education, in alignment with national and international quality agencies. The tool
can serve for quality improvements in teaching and learning. Additionally, the results

15

showed critical success issues for e-learning. Originality/value: This original paper
reports on a Europe-wide study examining benchmarking of e-learning and presents
suggestions for tackling quality issues.

[14]

The adoption of Course Management Systems (CMSs) for web-based instruction

continues to increase in today's higher education. A CMS is a software program or
integrated platform that contains a series of web-based tools to support a number of
activities and course management procedures (Severson, 2004). Examples of Course
Management Systems are Blackboard, WebCT, eCollege, Moodle, Desire2Learn,
Angel, etc. An argument for the adoption of learning environments using CMSs is the
flexibility of such environments when reaching out to potential learners in remote areas
where brick and mortar institutions are non-existent. It is also believed that e-learning
Environments can have potential added learning benefits and can improve students'
and educators' self-regulation skills, in particular their meta cognitive skills. In spite of
this potential to improve learning by means of using a CMS for the delivery of e-

16

learning, the features and functionalities that have been built into these systems are
often underutilized.

As a consequence, the created learning environments in CMSs do not

adequately scaffold learners to improve their self-regulation skills. In order to support
the improvement of both the learners' subject matter knowledge and learning strategy
Application, the e-learning environments within CMSs should be designed to address
learners' diversity in terms of f learning styles, prior knowledge, culture and selfregulation skill. Self-regulative learners are learners who can demonstrate 'personal
initiative, perseverance and adaptive skill in pursuing learning' (Zimmerman, 2002).
Self-regulation requires adequate monitoring strategies and Meta cognitive skills'.

[15]

LOCAL SYSTEMS
Make it EC-E (MiE) is a learning management system (LMS) designed to
supplement the mathematics review of candidate engineers for National Licensure

17

Board examination in the Philippines. The content of the LMS is based on an ABETcertified curriculum. Its design is made simple as possible and it features gamification of
learning activity. The game of choice is lottery using virtual play money. The
randomness of lottery is to be beaten by the degree of knowledge acquired. The system
collects student performance data in a well-defined database structure that facilitates
test question reconstruction. Test question reconstruction is intended for adaptability of
system according to teachers assessment of current weaknesses of the students. The
acceptability of MiE is determined through survey however its effectiveness remains to
be confirmed from actual result of the board exam.

[16]

The e-learning systems using campus network of Hebei University and North
China Electric Power University in China are introduced in this paper. The system
composition, module function and interface of the e-learning systems are described
respectively. These e-learning systems can be accessed anywhere by using personal
computer terminal which is connected to the campus network. E-learning system based
on campus network provide a unique mode different from the traditional education in
knowledge acquisition for college students. [17]
There is a strong sense that the educational processes must change, if for no
other reason than to keep up with a rapidly emerging information-based society. As the
need for learning and knowledge has outstripped what is possible using conventional
learning methods, e-Learning may allow us to respond more effectively. The new
generations of eLearning technologies that allow interactive knowledge construction and
provide richer learning environments have been gaining increased global acceptance.
This qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological approach indicated the

18

evolution, current status and anticipated future advances of e-Learning among

academia, corporations and the governments across developed and developing
countries. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with subject matter
experts. With e-Learning interventions rapidly becoming organization's response to
continuous learning and change in the new economy, this study provided evidence that
eLearning is a growing global phenomenon and if the potential is turned into reality,
eLearning will be transformative. The shortening product development cycle, lack of
skilled workforce, increasing global competition and a shift from the industrial to the
knowledge economy and the fast-paced advances with the related technology, eLearning is here to stay and could be the answer to tomorrow's learning needs.

[18]

This study deals with the E-learning Basic JAVA Programming which will train
and help the student to developed and enhance their knowledge. Hence, the
researchers come up with the proposed system which will benefit the student, faculty
and school. The proposed study aims to answer the problems encountered by the
students through some simple questions. Moreover, it will enhance the operation of the
system through providing smooth and manageable system. It also save time, thus, the
user will be able to utilize his/her time to other functions. To be able to realize the
proposed system, the researchers make use of some instruments for data gathering
such as surveys in which the researchers provided questionnaires for the respondents
and one-on-one interview to the Computer Studies students.

[19]

The proposed system is all about the Interactive E-Learning with Speech
Recognition of Schildknecht Schule especially made for pre-elementary pupils

19

specifically the Kindergarten level. The said system greatly offers many advantages to
the school. It can help pupils to be better in Mathematics.
Since most of the schools are currently using traditional teaching tools such as chalks,
boards, audio tapes, etc. The researchers have come up with the system on improving
the learning experience of the pupils and enhancing the teaching ability of the teachers
by using computers.The proposed system would really help not only the school but also
the educators and administrators of the school. It would also help the school in such a
way that it is able to be in line with the latest trends when it comes to its teaching tools.
As a result, the researchers would like to recommend the use of the proposed system
as an addition to the traditional teaching method and tools.

[20]

20

SYNTHESIS

The proponents believe that every literature and studies stated in this research is
similar on the study. The proponents relate and differentiate the research based on the
different existing web based learning application from the proposed study.

Web-based training is anywhere, any-time instruction delivered over the Internet

or a corporate intranet to browser-equipped learners. There are two primary models of
Web-based instruction: synchronous (instructor-facilitated) and asynchronous (selfdirected, self-paced). Instruction can be delivered by a combination of static methods
(learning portals, hyperlinked pages, screen cam tutorials, streaming audio/video, and
live Web broadcasts) and interactive methods (threaded discussions, chats, and desktop video conferencing).

21

Web based learning applications are the essential tools that can help visualize
and learn fast in our study. Especially to the individuals that having a hard time to
understand what they are, with the help of web based learning applications the learning
will never stop in easy and efficient way.

REFERENCES
[1]

Prof. Dr. Tarek Taha Ahmed Dean of the Faculty, Pharos University in Alexandria,
Egypt, January 2013, http://www.hrmars.com/admin/pics/1485.pdf

[2]

Jason Haag Author3 Name Advances Distributed Learning Initiative Alexandria, VA,
2011, http://www.adlnet.gov/wp
[3]

Jirasak Sae-Khow Faculty of Education, Suratthani Rajabhat University, April 2014,

http://www.tojet.net/articles/v13i2/1324.pdf

[4]

Nicholas Kipkurui Kiget Department of Computer Science, Professor G. Wanyembi

Department of Information Technology, Anselemo Ikoha Peters School of Computing
and Informatics, 2014, http://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume5No8/Paper 15-Evaluating
Usability of E-Learning.pdf

[5]

Zohreh
Abedi
Kargiban
and
http://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr10(3)11/16.pdf

[6]

Hamid

Reza

Kaffash,

2011,

Melinda M. Dela Pena-Bandalaria, University of the Philippines Open University,

Philippines, January 2015, http://www.editlib.org/noaccess/30504/

22

[7]

September 2013, http://www.studymode.com/essays/e-Profiling-Foreign-And-LocalLiterature-1931219.html

[8]

Laure, November 2012,

Systems-1249517.html

http://www.studymode.com/essays/e-Learning-At-Cisco-

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Ellenita R. Red Malayan Colleges Laguna, Hanna Grace S. Borlongan Malayan

Colleges Laguna, Tesalonica T. Briagas Malayan Colleges Laguna, SeptemberDecember 2013, http://www.ijcim.th.org/past_editions/2013V21N3/3.Page_20-26.pdf

[10]

Roy Rayel Consulta, 2010, http://www.academia.edu/168951/GUR%C3%93__Grid_Utilization_in_eleaRning_Objects_Utilization_of_Grid_Computing_in_the_Philippines

[11]

Minjuan Wang, Yong Chen, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan, April 2014,

www.academia.edu/168951/GUR_-_Grid_Utilization_in_eleaRning_Objects_Utilization_of_Grid_Computing_in_the_Philippines

[12]

Sara Bennett, May 2011, https://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/download/ng/file/group

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Panagiotis,Panagiotidis,2012,
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. Vovides, S. Sanchez-Alonso, V. Mitropoulou,

http://www.cc.uah.es/ssalonso/papers/EducationalReviewDraft.pdf

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Nickmans,

23

[16]

Make-It-ECE

, a Mathematics Learning Management System (LMS) for Engineering Students in

the Philippines Maila R. Angeles, Custer C. Deocaris, Celso B. Co and Shearyl U.
Arenas, Research & Development Management Office Technological Institute of
the
Philippines
Cubao,
Quezon
City,
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[17]

Sudendra R. Rao

http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/exlibris/dtl/d3_1/apache_media/L2V4bGlicmlzL2R0b
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Chan, Mary Grace R.; Soriano, Stefany Rose R.

http://ccs-lm.uc.edu.ph/mod/data/view.php?d=1&advanced=0&paging&page=3

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Larobis, Jessa Mae M.;Omila, Penny Lyn N.;Copio, John Ray C.(2011)

http://www.scribd.com/doc/97403709/Computer-Literacy-Program-Thesis#scribd

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Larobis, Jessa Mae M.;Omila, Penny Lyn N.;Copio, John Ray C.

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