English

absolute advantage
absorption costing
accelerated depreciation
accounting period
accounting policies
accrued expenses
accumulated depreciation charges
acid test
active strategy
activity-based costing
additional costs
angel investor
annual accounts
annual general meeting
annual report
anticipate a loss
articles of association
asset allocation
asset management
asset-stripping
audit committee
auditors' report
authorized share capital
automatic trading system
backward integration
bad debt
bail out
balance of payments
balance of trade
balance sheet
bank account
bank-customer relations
bank deposit
bank run
bank transfer
base rate
bear market
bill of exchange
bill of lading
blue chip

Chinese

board of directors
bonus issue
boom and bust
bottom line
bottom out
bought ledger
brand name
breakeven analysis
breakeven point
broad money
building society
bull market
business cycle
business entity
business plan
call option
capital accumulation
capital adequacy ratio
capital gain
capital gains tax
capitalization issue
capitalization rate
capital preservation
capital transfer tax
carry out
cash dispenser
cash flow
cash flow statement
central bank
certificate of deposit
certificate of origin
cost and freight CFR
charge against
charge against profits

Chinese walls
cost, insurance and freight CIF
carriage and insurance CIP
clearing bank
commercial bank
commercial invoice

commercial paper
common currency
comparative advantage
comparative cost principle
comply with
conflict of interest
consolidated financial statement
consulting firm
convertible bond
cool down the economy
core business
corporate bonds
corporate customer
corporate governance
corporate raider
corporation tax
cost accounting
cost center
cost of capital
cost of goods sold
cost of sales
cost-plus pricing
cover costs
carriage paid to (CPT)
create credit
creative accounting
credit card
credit rating
credit standing
C terms
cum div
currency forward
currency future
currency market
currency speculation
current account
current assets
current liabilities
current ratio
current replacement cost
curriculum vitae

customs clearance
delivered at frontier (DAF)
damage to property
day book
day trader
delivered duty paid (DDP)
delivered duty unpaid (DDU)
death duty
debit card
debt instrument
declare bankrupt
defensive stock
deferred taxes
deposit account
delivered ex quay (DEQ)
delivered ex ship (DEX)
direct cost
direct debit
direct tax
discounted cash flow
discount factor
discount rate
diversified portfolio
dividend cover
documentary credit
double-entry bookkeeping
draw up
D terms
due diligence
earnings per share
economies of scale
efficient market hypothesis
equity market
estate tax
E term
ex div
exchange market
exchange rate
excise duty
excise tax
execute orders

executive director
executive summary
exercise an option
exercise price
exit strategy
export license
external audit
external auditor
extraordinary general meeting
ex works (EXW)
face value
fair presentation
fallen angel
free alongside ship (FAS)
free carrier (FCA)
financial accounting
financial future
financial institution
financial instrument
financial planning
financial restructuring
financial results
financial stability
financial statement
financial system
financial year
fiscal policy
fixed assets
fixed costs
fixed dividend
fixed exchange rate
fixed interest payment
floating exchange rate
floating interest rate
floating-rate note

marketing
mix
market a
brand
four Ps

P
product

price

place

promotion

additional
four Ps

P
people

physical
presence
process
physical
evidence
four Cs

four As

C
customer
needs

range of
products
quality
branding
reputation
support for
clients
launch

premium
pricing
special deal

location
outlet
accessibility
distribution
delivery

promotional
mix
promotional
tools
advertising
direct
marketing

staf
customer
competitor
sales force

tangible

solve a
problem
identify
customer
needs
meet

easy to access

customer
needs
cost to user
perceive the

cost
convenience
make an

communicati efort

on
A

four Os

acceptability
socially
acceptable
fashionable
attractive
legally
acceptable
afordability
awareness

aware of
O
objects

manufacture
high quality
bottom end
objectives

revenue
objectives
price
objectives
organization
distribution
methods
operations

promotional
operations

AIDA
attention

interest

desire

action

carry out a
SWOT
analysis
identify
strengths
and
weaknesses,
opportunitie
s and threats
internal
factor
external
factor

attract
attention
become to
aware of

create an
interest in

develop an

interest in

develop a

desire
actively want

prompt

action
take steps

strengths

superior

specialist in
quality brand
unique

exploit
strengths
build on
strengths
address
weaknesses
anticipate
seize
threats
opportunitie
s
pose threats
minimize
weaknesses
under threat
from
create
opportunitie
s
strengthen

profitable
recognizable
brand
global brand
weaknesses
undiferentia
ted ofer
lack of
inefective
inferior
damaged
reputation
weak
opportunitie

s
developing
market
gap in the
market
huge
potential for
growth
threats

main
competitor
strong
price war
threatening
emerging
trend
towards
consumer
fears

communicati
on
inform

consumers
marketing

strategy
sell products
provide
services
competitive
marketplace
marketing

plan
marketing
method
marketing
action

develop a
marketing
plan
AOSTC

marketing
activity
resources
needed
marketing
objective

analysis

current
market
situation
competitor
analysis

positioning

product/servi
/
ce analysis
target
market
objectives

goal
SMART

unique

selling point

customer
group/segme /
nt

specific
measurable
achievable
realistic
timed

strategies
tactics
control
executive
summary
social
marketing

market
segment

tracking

convince
social
problem

corporate
social
responsibilit
y
socially
responsible
cause
related
marketing

donate
money to a
charity
non-profit

organization

corporate
partner
mutually
beneficial
financial
donation
funding
share
principles
and
values
green
marketing

marketing
partnership

eco-friendly
environment

ally friendly
environment

al protection
ethical
environment
al

sustainabilit
y
sustainable

development
environment

al concern
protect the

environment

responsible
purchasing

build/maintai
/
n a good

reputation
child labor

test on

animals
human rights
animal

testing
sustainable

purchasing
micro

environment understand
consumer

needs
diferentiate

brand from

competitors'
training and
development
of employees
positive/adve
rse/negative /
media

attention
consumer

program
consumer

magazine

STEP/PEST
analysis
macro level

intellectual
property

satisfy
shareholders
' needs
raw
good
materials
relations
with
suppliers
STEP/PEST

sociological
factors

religion
leisure
activities
gender role
birth rate
average life
expectancy
attitude to
opinion on

technological

factors
production
ofer
distribution
communicati
on
economic

factors
interest rate
unemployme
nt rate
gross
domestic
product
political

factors
political
stability
legislation
international
trade
agreement

industrial
property

copyright

patent
exclusive
right
trademark
granted
patent
protection
renew the
patent
register
trademark

subject to
copyright

copyright

owner/holder
intellectual
property

crime
counterfeitin

g
willful

trademark
infringement
piracy

willful
copyright

infringement
reproduce

copyrighted

work
make
unauthorized
use of
lawsuit

enforce
/
trademark/co

pyright
infringer

pay
damages/co
mpensation

terms and
conditions

copyright
information
agree to the
terms and
conditions
download
post
upload
disclaimer
Consumer

Protection

Act
defective
product
legally
entitled to
satisfactory
quality
liable for
personal
injury
physical
damage
private
property
enforcement
trading
standards
officer
fulfill safety
regulations
product
liability

prove a
manufacture
r negligent
marketing
research
consumer
research

suing

behavior
pattern
customer
needs
qualitative
quantitative
group
discussion
in-depth
interview
collect/gathe
r samples of
data
statistical
analysis
analyze/mine
data

motivation
research
desk/desktop
/secondary
/
research
field/primary
/
research
carry out
focus group
target group
moderator
mediate
run
package test
taste test

home
test

selfadministered

questionnair
e
complete
fill in
intervieweradministered

questionnair
e
telephone

survey
mail survey
online survey
mystery

shopping
omnibus

survey
conduct
research
panel

recent
research/the
/
survey/the
//
latest

figures/the
key findings
highlight/indi
///
cate/reveal/s
/
how/suggest
the need to
that the
respondents

feel strongly
that the
about
trend is
/
upward/dow
satisfaction
nward

with
dissatisfactio

that
our
n with
consumers

would prefer
to

a
mere/over/al //
most/nearly
of the

respondents
said

claimed

cited as an

important

part of
rated

thought

graph

over a ten
year period
rise to

stable

slight fall

double

plummet

the same
period last

year
significantly
treble

guesstimate
idea

generation
new product

idea
new product

development
stay

competitive
product

innovation

customer/
driven/centri

c
identify
customer
demands
consumer
needs
identify gaps
in the
market
research and
development
new recipe
limited/speci
al edition

product
improvement /
/modification

idea
screening

mass market
niche market

screen/spot
potentially
/
successful

product idea
viable
technically
feasible
profitable
overall
demand

concept
development
and testing
concept
testing
customer
response
level of
consumer
acceptance
penetrate
the market
minimize the
research and
development
costs
marketing
strategy and
business

analysis
route to
market
produce
sell the idea
license the
product
product
development
phase

workflow

sales volume
selling price
revenue

expectation

beat the
competitors
to market
successful
product

launch
likelihood of

success
in the
development
pipeline
time to
market
project team
project
leader
key activity
manage risk
prioritization
decision
action plan

product
development

and
optimization
mock-up
product
modeling
computer
aided
design
3D
representati
create
a
on
prototype
product flaw
prototyping
alpha test
bug
beta testing

test
marketing

product
optimization
studies
sensory

research

perform in

the
marketplace
test market
full launch

forecast/pred

ict sales

uncover
problem
fine-tune
costs and
commercializ risks

ation
market
introduction

distribution

network
marketing
communicati

ons action
plan
launch/comm
ercialization /
date
market

brainstormin rollout

g
product

naming
generate

ideas
participants
in a

brainstormin
g team
leader

scribe

team

members
problem

statement
innovative

thinking
set the

ground rules
judgment

criticism

criticize/eval
//
uate/modify

ideas
risk-taking

quantity/qual
/
ity of ideas
no ownership

of
ideas
hitchhike/bui
get the
creative
juices
flowing
think out of
the box
random word
starting
point
random word
generator
combinatory
play

ld on

creative

ideas

ask novel

questions
manufacture
manufacture

r
product line
logical

grouping
product type
product
class
convenience/
fast moving
consumer/co

nsumer
packaged
goods
white goods
brown goods
perishable
goods/produ

cts/perishabl
es
durable/hard
goods/durabl
es
nondurable/s
oft goods
green
products
generic
products
healthcare
products
childcare
financial
consulting
risk
management
cleaning and
maintenance
education
and training
healthcare
hairdressing
telecommuni
cations
entertainme
nt
tourism
marketing
and
advertising
The Boston
Consulting
Group Matrix

BCG

planning tool
market

growth rate
relative

market share

product life
cycle

product
launch

growth

maturity

decline

sales force

sell a
product/servi /
ce
close a deal
make a sale
arguments
against sales
pitch
salesperson
business to

business/B2B
purchaser/bu
yer
procurement
department
get the best
deal from
suppliers
retail buyer
retail outlet
retail listing
supermarket
listing
secure a
listing

problem
children/que
stion marks
consume

resources
return on

investment
slow-growing
saturated

market

stars/rising

stars
fast-growing
generate
high cash

flows

cash cows

generate

profit
feed
research and
development

dogs

generate a
negative

cash flow
make a loss
harvesting

drop the line

get the
products
listed
give shelf
business to space
consumer/B2
C
consumer to
consumer/C2
C
service level
bundle
cater to
customers'
needs and
high-end
budgets
package
low-end,
prepaid
package
actual
deliverables
total value
combine
services to
create a new
ofering
competitive
set
brand value
brand name
brand
manager
brand image
brand
essence
brand
promise
brand vision
premium
brand
economy
brand
own/ownlabel/private
label brand
brand leader
no/generic
brand
flagship
brand
co-branding
flagship
store/shop
brand
platform

brand vision
brand
mission
brand values
brand
personality
brand tone
of voice
brand

management
brand
strategy

launch the

brand
establish the

brand

brand
behavior
brand
experience
total
branding
touchpoint
brand

leverage
brand equity
brand

preference
brand
loyalty/reten
tion
brand

awareness
brand
consideratio
n
knowledgeab

le about
have a good
understandin
g
of of
area

expertise
strong

heritage
trustworthy
and

dependable
international

outlook
trustworthin

integrity,
ess
honesty and
responsibilit
y
leadership

qualities
accessible,
diverse,

inclusive and
independent
customer

satisfaction
great taste

low cost

value for

money
good quality
flexibility,
simplicity

and

practicality
easy to use
healthy

lifestyle
nutritional,

fresh and

natural

rebrand
stretch the
brand
extension
brand
positioning
enhance the
brand

caring
educational
discovery
pleasure
passionate
inspirational
vibrant or
fun
active or
dynamic
luxury

modern,
innovative,
creative and
technological
classic,
heritage,

authentic

and
original
market

segments
demographic

age
s
group/bracke
male/female
t

split
religion/ethni
/
city
income

affluent
life cycle

psychographi

cs
education

attitudes and

opinions
lifestyle

target a

segment
customer

profile
household

ABC socioeconomic
categories
Classification
Of
Residential
Neighborhoo
Abs
high

disposable
income
strong
economic
power
housewife
main
shopper
appeal to
singles
specific taste

married with
kids
city dweller
urbanite
conurbation/
metropolis
country
dweller
commuter
innovator
early
adopter
early
majority
late majority
laggard
Maslow's
Hierarchy of
Needs

selffulfillment
esteem
needs
social needs
safety needs
physiological
needs

hopes and
desires
major

customer
concern
consumer

life cycle
purchasing
behavior/pat /
terns
final
purchasing
decision
purchase
intentions
routine
purchases
impulse
purchasing
personal
involvement
loyalty
loyal
customers
repurchase/r
evisit
fickle/disloya
l
switch
implement
loyalty
program
maximize
customer
loyalty
minimize
customer
defection
identify and
retain
preferred
customers

/
/

reward with
discounts
and special
ofers
retail loyalty
program
store/loyalty
card
complete an
application
form
record
information
transaction
record
vouchers,
points or
coupons
redeem
rewards/poin
ts/club card
loyalty
scheme
build
relationships
fatigue
wallet space
earn and
burn
earn points
redemption
option
online
loyalty
reward
program
purchases
with evouchers
motivation

//

marketing
key to

success
events/incen
/
tives
recognize

and reward

staf eforts
increased job

satisfaction
improved

productivity
improved

performance
encouraging
behavior

changes
increased

sales force

efectiveness
improved

product
launches
boost market

penetration
staf
incentive

scheme/prog
ram

boost morale
build staf

loyalty
staf
turnover/chu
rn
reduced staf

absenteeism
staf reaction
get feedback
welcome

pack
membership

card
collect points
earn points
internal staf
points

scheme
points

catalogue
cash

substitutes
noncash

awards
big ticket

giveaways
qualifying

period
sales

incentives
nomination
team

building
teamwork

English
accession to
appoint
Assembly
public law
private law
civil law
criminal law
conflict between

URL

http://www.legalglossary.ca/dictionary/getRecord2.asp?5244,1,3
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tRecord2.asp?4297,1,3
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