Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Outline of Lecture 5
of cellular systems
q GSM
l GSM
Network Architecture
l GSM radio interface
l GPRS
l EDGE
q 3G
UMTS
l UMTS
Network Architecture
l Wideband CDMA
2
Mobile and Wireless Networking
2013 / 2014
3
Mobile and Wireless Networking
2013 / 2014
GSM Architecture
OMC, EIR,
AUC
HLR
NSS
with OSS
VLR
MSC
GMSC
VLR
fixed network
MSC
BSC
BSC
RSS
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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8
4.615 ms
tail
3 bits
user data
S Training S
user data
57 bits
1 26 bits 1
57 bits
guard
tail space
546.5 s
577 s
packet switching
using free slots only if data packets ready to send
(~reservation Aloha)
Receiving
Class
slots
Few changes to base station
(software)
1
1
New core network architecture
2
2
(router-based)
3
2
Sending
slots
Maximum
number of slots
10
12
Coding
scheme
1 slot
2 slots
3 slots
4 slots
5 slots
6 slots
7 slots
8 slots
CS-1
9.05
18.2
27.15
36.2
45.25
54.3
63.35
72.4
CS-2
13.4
26.8
40.2
53.6
67
80.4
93.8
107.2
CS-3
15.6
31.2
46.8
62.4
78
93.6
109.2
124.8
CS-4
21.4
42.8
64.2
85.6
107
128.4
149.8
171.2
BSS
MS
Um
SGSN
Gb
Gn
Gi
HLR/
GR
MSC
VLR
PDN
GGSN
EIR
7
Mobile and Wireless Networking
2013 / 2014
EDGE
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution):
q
q
q
q
q
8
Mobile and Wireless Networking
2013 / 2014
Outline of Lecture 5
of cellular systems
q GSM
l GSM
Network Architecture
l GSM radio interface
l GPRS
l EDGE
q 3G
UMTS
l UMTS
Network Architecture
l Wideband CDMA
9
Mobile and Wireless Networking
2013 / 2014
UE (User Equipment)
CN (Core Network)
q
q
Iu
UTRAN
CN
10
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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UTRAN architecture
RNS
UE1
Node B
Iub
RNC
CN
UE2
Node B
UE3
Iur
Node B
Node B
Iub
RNC
Node B
RNS
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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BTS
Abis
BSS
BSC
Node
BTSB
VLR
Iu
MSC
GMSC
PSTN
IuCS
AuC
EIR
HLR
GR
Node B
Node B
Node B
Iub
RNC
RNS
SGSN
IuPS
Gn
GGSN
Gi
CN
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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App
App
TCP
TCP
IP
IP
GTP-U
GTP-U
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
MAC
MAC
IP
IP
IP
IP
L2
L1
L2
L1
L2
L1
L2
L1
PHY
UE
Legend:
PHY
Uu
Node B
UMTS
FP
L2
L1
FP
L2
L1
Iub
RNC
IuPS
SGSN
Internet
IP
Gn
L2
L2
L1
L1
GGSN
Host
Gi
Other
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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UMM/SM
UMM/SM
RRC
RRC
RANAP
RANAP
RLC
RLC
SCCP
SCCP
MAC
MAC
Signalling
Bearer
Signalling
Bearer
NBAP
L2
L1
L2
L1
L2
L1
NBAP
PHY
UE
Legend:
PHY
Uu
UMTS
L2
L1
Node B
Iub
RNC
IuPS
SGSN
14
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Outline of Lecture 5
of cellular systems
q GSM
l GSM
Network Architecture
l GSM radio interface
l GPRS
l EDGE
q 3G
UMTS
l UMTS
Network Architecture
l Wideband CDMA
15
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Wideband CDMA
Direct Sequence CDMA, also
known as Wideband CDMA
Chip rate 3.84 Mc/s
Carrier spacing 5 MHz
Transport channels
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Multiplexing
Transport-channel
processing
Physical-layer
procedures
and
measurements
Spreading
3.84 Mc/s
Modulation
Modulation
5 MHz
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Scrambling
q
Channelization
q
q
17
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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higher data rate: less chips per bit and vice versa
data1
data2
data3
data4
data5
spr.
code1
spr.
code2
spr.
code3
spr.
code1
spr.
code4
scrambling
code1
sender1
scrambling
code2
sender2
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
...
1,1,1,1
1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1
1,1
1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1
1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1
X,-X
SF=2n
...
1,1,-1,-1
X,X
SF=n
1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1
...
1,-1,1,-1
1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1
1,-1
1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1
...
1,-1,-1,1
1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1
SF=1 SF=2
SF=4
SF=8
19
Radio frame"
10 ms"
0"
1"
2"
..."
12"
13"
14"
Time slot"
666.7 s"
Pilot"
TFCI" FBI"
uplink DPCCH"
TPC"
uplink DPDCH"
Data"
2560 chips, 10*2k-1 bits (k = 1...7)"
666.7 s"
downlink DPCH"
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Spreading
factor
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
512
N/A
15 kbps
N/A
6 kbps
256
15 kbps
30 kbps
15 kbps
24 kbps
128
30 kbps
60 kbps
30 kbps
51 kbps
64
60 kbps
120 kbps
60 kbps
90 kbps
32
120 kbps
240 kbps
120 kbps
210 kbps
16
240 kbps
480 kbps
240 kbps
432 kbps
480 kbps
960 kbps
480 kbps
912 kbps
960 kbps
1920 kbps
960 kbps
1872 kbps
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Fading
Path loss fading due to distance
q
Log-normal
23
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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PI
PC
RNC
BS 1
BS 2
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Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Channel
h0
h2
h1
C(n)
C(n)
C(n)
g
a2
a1
g
a0
To
Decoder
Diversity Combination
Diversity
Channel
Combination Estimation
a2
Selective
Delay
Equal gain
Delay
1/3
1/3
1/3
Maximum
Ratio
Delay and
h*
complex amplitudes 2
h1*
h0*
a1
a0
a0
1
2
2
a1
a2
26
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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h1
1
h2
2
BS 1
C1(n)
C1(n)
C2(n)
g
a1
BS 2
C2(n)
g
a2
Diversity Combination
To
Decoder
27
Softer Handover
Softer handover reception
q
BS
28
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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CDMA (reuse = 1)
29
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Capacity
WCDMA capacity limited by
q
q
q
Voice activity
Bursty transmission (packet-like services)
Narrow-beam antennas
30
Mobile and Wireless Networking
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Frequency planning
Slot assignment
CDMA
q
q
Cellbreathing
GSM
q
q
UMTS
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
other cells
other users in the same cell
33
Mobile and Wireless Networking
2013 / 2014