Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Number of Sessions: 10
CONTENT STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
I.
Introduction
Where did you last spend your money?
What item did you buy? Why?
What kind of service did you last avail?
Who recently shared with you a new health
information?
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III.
Pre-Assessment
Activity A: Identify the concepts being described in each item. Fill in the missing
letters to complete the crossword puzzle.
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Across:
3. Sale of products that are not scientifically proven to be effective; fraudulent
advertisement or promotion
4. Healthcare practitioner who specializes in problems of the teeth
5. Allied health professional who provides healthcare to patients in hospitals
6. Public health insurance mandated by Philippine law
Down:
1. Doctor who specializes in the disorders of the respiratory system
2. Alternative medicine practice where needles are inserted in some specific of
the body
4. Form of quackery that uses equipment believed to cure illness
7. Health maintenance organization; form of healthcare provider that makes use
of prepaid money to cover medical expenses
Activity B. Read the situation and answer the questions.
A teenager once went to the local market to buy materials for a Science
project. Upon passing by some stalls, he was invited for a free orientation on
the latest product of a company. The company was selling health rings that
can detect the mood of a person and help lower body temperature and blood
pressure. The teenager was easily attracted, which made him buy two health
rings for himself and his sister. He spent Php 600 for the items.
After a week, the teenager and his sister developed red spots and
rashes on their fingers. Upon checking, the rings are observed to have rust
around them. The teenager wants to file a complaint so the company may
return his money.
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4. What would you ask yourself before buying a health product to avoid the
same experience?
________________________________________________________________
5. As a Grade 10 student, how can you help the teenager?
________________________________________________________________
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No. of Sessions: 4
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Activity 2: PAIR SHARE
1. Find a partner and discuss the following questions:
a. Which of your classmates answers do you agree with? Which do you
disagree with? Why?
b. What kind of information is being asked? Is it critical? Why?
c. Who can accurately answer these questions?
2. Write a one-paragraph reflection about the discussion.
Consumer health has three components: health information, health products,
and health services. What you have gathered from your classmates is health information.
Health information plays a big role in the life of individuals. It is information that
people require to make wise choices and decisions about their health or the health of
[other people] (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
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Health information is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give
to aid the health status of an individual. The type of information varies depending
on diseases, sexual health, weight loss/gain, drugs and alcohol, depression/mental
illness, violence, smoking, eating disorders, acne/skin care, local clinics, and sexual
assault (Payne, et al., 2005). The information is critical as it may alter the health
conditions of a person. Another important characteristic of health information is that
it is continuously and rapidly changing. Thus, it should be timely, relevant, culturally
appropriate, accessible, and delivered in a relevant format (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
There is a great need to update oneself regarding current research and evidence
available in the field.
Activity 3: STOP OR GO
Read the health information below. Draw a cross on the GO column if it is
scientifically true and proven, and draw a cross on the STOP column if it is not.
GO
STOP
Warts are contagious.
Chocolates cause acne and pimples.
Cracking your knuckles causes arthritis.
Healthy people who eat a balanced diet do not need
supplements.
Sleeping with wet hair causes mental disorders.
Jumping from the third step of the stairs on the first day of
menstruation reduces the number of bleeding days.
Circumcision is done for hygienic purposes only.
Touching hands of people with HIV may infect you with such.
Putting toothpaste on burns causes irritation.
Sleep need varies depending on the individual
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Think About It!
Discuss the questions:
1. Why are there misleading health information? Who spreads them?
2. Who are the sources of health information?
Beyond the Classroom
1. What are other examples of myths (superstitions) and/or misconceptions
that you hear in your community?
2. Write them on your notebook and search for a scientific proof to counter
them.
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Aside from health information, people also consume health products. Health
products are food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic
reagents, and household/urban hazardous substances and/or a combination of and/or
a derivative thereof (FDA Act, 2009). These products may be purchased from various
places like supermarkets, pharmacies, and hospitals.
Health
Products
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How do these products affect the overall well-being of an individual?
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Unreliable
Reliable
People acquire health information and products from various sources like
people, media, and technology. It is important to identify the reliability of these sources.
Reliable sources of health information and products are licensed professionals
who took up specialized and intensive studies in the field. They are the ones who
have the qualified educational background and can give scientific explanation to
validate information. We can also find reliable health information from health books,
and accredited online sources. On the other hand, unreliable sources of information
and products are those from people who are not experts in this field.
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Aside from health information and products, people also avail of various health
services from different providers.
Health services are often connected to healthcare. These programs aim to
appraise the health conditions of individuals through screening and examinations,
cure and treat disorders, prevent and control the spread of diseases, provide safety,
emergency care, and first aid, and ensure a follow-up program for individuals who
have undergone treatments.
Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers. A healthcare
provider is a trained professional who provides people with healthcare (Meeks, et al.,
2011). There are different types of healthcare providers, such as:
I.
Health Professionals
Individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health
programs. An example of a health professional is a physician. A physician records
the medical history of individuals, provides diagnoses, performs medical examinations,
and prescribes medications. There are different types of physicians based on their
area of specialization.
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3
10
What are the other medical specializations that you know? List them and their areas
of expertise below.
___________________________________________________________________
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DO YOU KNOW?
Healthcare practitioners and allied health professionals are also considered
health care providers.
A healthcare practitioner is an independent healthcare provider who is
licensed to practice on a specific area of the body (Meeks, et al., 2011). Some
examples of healthcare practitioners are podiatrists (who specialize in the problems
of the feet), dentists, and optometrists.
On the other hand, an allied health professional is a trained healthcare
provider who practices under the supervision of a physician or healthcare practitioner
(Meeks, et al., 2011). Nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, and physical therapists are
examples of allied health professionals.
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Types
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Health insurance may be sourced from both public and private companies. An
example of public health insurance is PhilHealth. As mandated by law in the country,
employees of both public and private companies avail of PhilHealth. It requires a small
monthly contribution from its members. These contributions are saved and used for
the medical care needed by a PhilHealth member.
A health maintenance organization (HMO) is a healthcare provider that offers
medical services that are availed through a prepaid amount of money. It is a business
that requires a relatively reduced monthly fee for subscribers. The difference of an HMO
with other insurance companies is that it hires or trains its own health professionals
and healthcare practitioners.
Time To Read
Using a computer with an internet connection, identify at least two other health
insurances offered in the country. If without an Internet connection, you may inquire
from the nearest hospital/medical center.
Write a short paragraph about each health insurance and its benefits. Cite your
resources properly.
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Consumers today face an amazing array of choices when they consider taking
action to improve their health or seek care for a health problem (Donatelle, 2006).
In addition to health professionals, there are also many other forms of healthcare
that offer alternatives. These complementary and alternative healthcare modalities are
often taken because some individuals believe that traditional medical care may not be
enough to treat a particular health condition. A complementary medicine is availed and
integrated together with traditional medicine. On the other hand, alternative medicine
is offered in place of traditional medicine.
There are four major domains of complementary and alternative medicine:
biology-based practices, energy medicine, manipulative and body-based practices,
and mind-body medicine (Donatelle, 2006). Examples of biologically-based practices
are taking herbal medicine and availing of special diets and vitamins. Energy medicine
uses magnetic fields or biofields in belief that energy fields may enter various points in
the body. Manipulative and body-based practices are bodily-kinesthetic in nature and
are concerned with movement therapy. Mind-body medicine uses mental exercises in
belief that the brain is central to the health of an individual.
In our country, Republic Act No. 8423 or the Traditional and Alternative
Medicine Act of 1997 provisioned the creation of the Philippine Institute of Traditional
and Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC), which works closely with the Department of
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Health. The PITAHC is also the law-making body with regards to the effective use
of traditional and alternative medicine. Here are examples of the PITAHC-approved
alternative modalities
Naturopathy
Naturopathic medicine views diseases as a manifestation of an alteration in
the processes by which the body naturally heals itself (Donatelle, 2006). Naturopathy
offers a wide range of natural practices including herbal medicine acupuncture,
acupressure, nutritional therapy, and ventosa cupping massage therapy.
Herbal medicine
There are 10 herbs that are proven and tested to have medicinal value and
approved by the Department of Health (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009)
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A
Herb
B
Medicinal value
1. P L A U K A O C
2. P A M A L A Y A
3. W A G N A B
4. S A Y A B A B
5. G U D N A L I
6. Y I N O G A I N Y O G N
7. B A S M N G O
8. A S A T N G B A T U G
For mouthwash
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2. Ventosa cupping massage therapy
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3. Reflexology
4. Acupressure
Acupressure uses the same technique
as that of acupuncture. The only difference
is that acupressure does not use needles but
hands to apply pressure on certain points of
the body.
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5. Nutrition Therapy
Nutrition therapy approaches treatment
of a medical condition by providing a tailored
diet for the patient.
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Barangay _______________
Health
Professionals
Health Facilities
Healthcare Plans
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How effective and efficient are your communitys healthcare professionals and
facilities?
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Consumers
Health Information
Reliable Sources
Health Products
Examples:
Health Services
Health
Professionals
Examples:
Health Facilities
Examples:
Health Insurance
Examples:
Complementary
and Alternative
Health Modalities
Examples:
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No. of Sessions: 1
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Reflection Questions:
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The three forms of quackery are:
a. Medical quackery
Medical quackery includes cures, treatments, and remedies of various
health conditions that are drugless or bloodless in nature.
b. Nutrition quackery
Nutrition quackery involves promotion of food fads and other nutritional
practices that claim to be all-natural. These are believed to have beneficial
properties of multiple plants in one product.
c. Device quackery
Device quackery makes use of miraculous gadgets (such as dials,
gauges, electrodes, magnets, and blinkers) that are believed to cure certain
health conditions.
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Nutrition
Device
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Psychological
Physical
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No. of Sessions: 3
You are faced with health information and products every day from different
people and forms of media. But to simply know the source of information and product
is reliable (or unreliable) may sometimes be not enough. It is also important to learn
how to evaluate the reliability of the health information and product.
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Will you buy the product? Why or why not?
It is important to examine and evaluate the reliability of any piece of health
information before applying it to your well-being. Here are the criteria that will help you
determine whether the information is reliable or not.
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__NT__T
2. This tells about the accuracy, disclaimer, and completeness of information.
o Is it complete and correct?
o Does it have scientific basis?
o Does it state the limitations, purpose, scope, authority and currency of
the information?
o Does it have labels that contain the directions for use and storage,
expiration date and warnings?
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D_SC__S_R_
IN__R_CT___TY
4. This tells about the feedback mechanism and means of information
exchange between the source and the consumer.
o Can the consumer offer comments and suggestions?
o Is it possible to ask questions?
Aside from evaluating the reliability of health information, choosing competent
and reliable healthcare providers is also important for it is crucial to the appraisal,
diagnosis, and treatment of health conditions. When visiting a healthcare provider, a
person should determine satisfaction and reliability.
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I am looking for a doctor
who
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Health insurance should cover standard risks of illness and injury for family
members. (Meeks, et al., 2011). There are two types of expenses involved in health
insurance: covered expense and exclusion. Covered expense refers to the coverage
of medical services that can be paid by the company issuing the health insurance. On
the other hand, exclusions are specific services that are not paid by the issuer.
Forms of health insurance are not all the same. It is important to study the
plan before availing it. Here are some actions that may be taken to evaluate a health
insurance (Meeks, et al., 2011):
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Cons
Pros
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Aside from the Consumer Act of 2009, there are also other international and
national consumer advocacy groups that advocate for our health.
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Reflection Questions:
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What are other government agencies where we can report fraudulent health
services?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Your Turn!
Construct a letter of complaint for the purchase of a product that is already
expired. Follow the format above.
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No. of Sessions: 1
Topic
Wise and intelligent consumers
Consumer protection
Health services
Combatting quackery
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SUMMARY
Complete the paragraph by writing the correct answers on the blanks.
Consumer health encompasses the health information, products, and services
being gathered, acquired, and availed by an individual. _____________________
refers to any concept, idea, data, or figures that may aid to the health status of an
individual. __________________ refer to materials, devices, or items that an individual
purchases to improve health. Examples of these are shampoo, medicine, health
electronics, and food. On the other hand, ___________________refer to programs
offered for the health appraisal of an individual through various treatment, screening,
and examinations. Some examples of these are health professionals, facilities, and
insurance.
When availing of health information, products, and services, it is important
to examine and evaluate the reliability of the sources to avoid quackery. Quackery
refers to fraudulent promotion, sales, or advertisement of various products. There
are three kinds of quackery. The first is __________________ which refers to the
prescription of scientifically unproven medical treatment and cure. The second is
____________________ which refers to the sale of items that are believed to treat
or cure an individual. The last is __________________ which includes fad diets and
other practices.
Under the law, the consumers are protected with rights such as _________,
________________, ________________, and _________________. With these
rights, a consumer may be able to report incidences of fraudulent practices and
purchases.
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References
Donatelle, R. (2006). Access to Health. (9th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson
Education,
Inc.
Galvez-Tan, J. Z., et al. (2009). The Health Curriculum in Philippine Basic
Education. (Volume 2: A resource book on Health for teachers).
Pasay: UNESCO, National Commission of the Philippines.
Haag, J. (1976). Consumer Health: products and services. Great Britain:
Henry Kimpton Publishers.
Jones, K., Shainberg, L., & Byer, C. (1975). Consumer Health. (2nd ed.). San
Francisco: Canfield Press.
Meeks, L., et al. (2005). Comprehensive school health education: Totally
awesome strategies for teaching health . (4th ed). McGraw-Hill.
New York.
Payne, W. (2005). Understanding your health. (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.
Schaller & Carroll. (1979). Health, Quackery & the Consumer. W.B. Sanders
Company.
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