Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
RESEARCH PROJECT
GUIDELINES
2014/2015
PREPARED BY:
RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES.
DEGREE PROGRAMME
RESEARCH PROJECT
2014
INTRODUCTION
CONTENT
Page
1.
2.
Thesis guidelines
13
3.
Poster Guidelines
42
4.
46
Hypothesis
Is a provisional idea, which the outcome of the proposed research will either confirm or
disprove It.
Literature Review
Preliminary library work on the subject- highlight what has been done in the past and
how that is directing the present proposed research project. Clearly support your
statement with documentation and references.
Materials and Methods
Outline how you propose to conduct the research (Research design, population samples
/subjects, sampling technique, location, selection criteria, experimental and control
groups). This might include the field site description, a description of the instruments you
will use, and particularly the data that you anticipate collecting.
Include flow chart, which can be used as guide when you are actually conducting the
research. This section should make clear to the reader the way that you intend to
approach the research question and the techniques and logic that you will use to
address it. The materials and method must be explained in the sentences NOT in the
point form.
Ethical Consideration
Ethics of the research here refers to the morals of the investigation or intervention as
regards the minimal abuse, disregard, safety, social and psychological well being of the
person, community and /or animals i.e. how the principles of consent, beneficence and
justice are handled in the study. Include a statement of where ethical clearance has been
or will be obtained.
Data Analysis
State the proposed method of data analysis, the plan for interpreting results and
statistical test that you will use in processing the data.
Expected outcomes /implications
Describe possible forms of the final product, e.g., publishable manuscript, conference
paper, invention, software, exhibit, performance, etc. Be specific about how you intend to
share your results or project with others.
References
List all the references cited in the research proposal and should be written according to
the approved format.
Appendices
Comprises of the budget, work plan/time framework, explanatory notes, questionnaire,
instruments and informed consent form. Details of the appendices are listed by type in
the Table of Contents.
Budget
This is the financial plan for implementation of the research. It should be clear, realistic
and reasonable (affordable). The budget items and the calculations for each item should
be summarized on the budget form. Projects that include travel should be specific about
benefit/reasons and locations.
Explanatory Notes
These include research approval letters, maps, and lists of areas to be visited.
Gantt Chart
Milestone or project timeline, which shows the duration of the project and layout the
order in which tasks or specific steps need to be carried out. This does not need to be a
day to day list but it may give an overview by weekly or monthly. You should include time
to write the final report/paper.
Instruments/Tools
These are details of tools used in the research e.g. Equipment, questionnaire, interview
schedule, scales and tests etc.
MARGINS
For the rest of the pages:
Top : 30 mm
Bottom : 25 mm
Left : 38 mm
Right : 25 mm
All information (text headings, footnotes, and illustrations), including page numbers must
be within the text area (see appendix K).
SPACING
The thesis should be typed 1.5 spaced. The following however should be single spaced:
i. Heading or subheading
ii. References
PAGINATION
Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the proposal including pages for
tables, figures and appendices. Each appendix should be identified separately using a
big letter (A, B, C). The pages of appendices should also be numbered accordingly.
Pages number should appear by themselves and should not be bracketed, hyphenated
or accompanied by other decorative devices.
The number of pages for title page, table of content, list of tables, list of figures, list of
abbreviations or glossary must use in small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, .).
Page 1 begins with the first page of the Introduction. All the pages should be numbered
at the top right corner for each page.
SYMBOLS
The symbol % may be used in place of the word percent, e.g. 72.5% and typed without a
space. If the candidate prefers to write 72.5 percent in full, then consistency should be
maintained throughout.
NUMBERS
All integers less than ten should be spelt out unless they are attached to units of
measure (e.g. 10 kg, 5 mL). Use figures for numbers 10 or more than 10, eg: About 225
students... Number which is less than 10 must be spelt out, eg: The samples in the
study consist of seven elderly.. .If a sentences begins with a number, write the
number in words, e.g. Twenty two students were sampled from the study area.
PAPERS
White paper (80 g) or paper of equivalent quality should be used. Paper should be of A4
size (210 mm x 297 mm) and all printing should used Laser Jet printer.
BINDING
The proposal should be comb bound with BLUE cover.
LENGTH OF PROPOSALS
A proposal for Degree research should be up to 10 pages excluding references and
appendices.
10
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH PROBLEM / STATEMENT
OBJECTIVE
HYPOTHESIS
LITERATURE REVIEW
MATERIALS AND METHOD
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
DATA ANALYSIS
EXPECTED OUTCOMES / IMPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES (Budgets / Explanatory
Equipment/Tools
Notes
Gantt
chart
11
20 mm
Prepared By
Spacing: 1.5
lines
(Arial: 12)
12
30 mm
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a condition that causes high blood glucose levels (Meydani 2007). It is a
chronic disease that can be managed but not cured. Research done by Martinez and
Frank (2002) concluded that three possible reasons people develop diabetes are, their
bodies cannot make any insulin, enough insulin or the bodies cannot use insulin
properly.
Diabetes is regarded as a major risk factor for the development of artherosclerosis and
other cardiovascular complications. The major cause of diabetes is diet which contains
too much sugar. Nowadays, several diabetic drugs being used to treat diabetes has
been reported to have side effects. Therefore, people tend to look for an alternatives
such as natural remedies and herbal treatments that are known to have no side effects
and is relatively cheap and locally available.
Plantago major has been used as a traditional medicine for various conditions of
health disorder. However, the scientific data for pharmacological effect is still poor.
Chinese and Vietnamese used this plant as diuretic, expectorant and have antimicrobial
property.
25 mm
13
THESIS GUIDELINES
14
The thesis must represent a coherent body of research work by the student.
It must display a scholarly approach and through knowledge of the subject.
Plagiarism in any form is completely unacceptable. The thesis is the primary
and permanent record of the students work. As such, it is important that it both be
written by the student and confirms to normal academic standards.
All health science students prior to undertaking any thesis research, all
necessary approvals much be obtained and documented. This includes Animal Care,
Human Research Ethics and Biohazards Materials (as applicable). Students are
responsible for contacting the appropriate university office to determine whether
these approvals are required for their research and to get instruction on how they
may obtain them. Copies of approval letter should be submitted to Research
Management Centre MSU.
15
12.
13.
SUBJECT
Blank paper
Approval
Declaration of originality and
exclusiveness
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstracts (English)
Abstrak (Bahasa Melayu)
Table of contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Symbols/ Abbreviations/
Notation/ Terminology
Text :
Chapter I Introduction
Chapter II Literature Review
Chapter III Methodology
Chapter IV Results
Chapter V Discussion
Chapter VI Conclusion
References
Appendices
EXAMPLE
NOTES
No numbers
Roman page
number
Normal
numbering
16
Approval sheet
The wordings on the page should read as follows:
This thesis submitted to the Senate of Management and Science University has been
accepted as fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Biomedical Science (Hons).
The member of the Supervisory Committee is as follows:
Signature:
Supervisor: (names)
Co- supervisor: (if required)
Date:
Declaration Form
The declaration form should read as follows:
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and
citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been
previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at MSU or other institutions.
DATE:
SIGNATURE
(Name of candidates)
(Matrix number)
Abstract
Abstract should have minimum of 150 words and no more than 250 words (APA style). It
includes a brief statement of the problem; a concise description of the research method
and design; summary of major findings, including the significance or lack of it and
conclusion.
The abstract should be given both in English and Bahasa Melayu, the version to appear
first will be of the same language used in writing thesis. The abstract must be in ONE
paragraph only.
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Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements usually contain written expressions of appreciation for guidance and
assistance from individuals and institutions.
Table of Contents
The table of contents lists in sequences, with corresponding page numbers, all relevant
subdivisions of the thesis. All chapters, sections and subsections may be numbered
accordingly.
List of Tables
The list shows the exact titles or captions of all tables in the text and appendices,
together with the beginning page of each table. Tables should be numbered accordingly
to the chapter.
List of Figures
This includes graphs, maps, charts, engineering drawing, photographs, sketches, and
printed images. The exact title or caption and its corresponding page number are listed.
Figure should be numbered accordingly to the chapter.
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TEXT OF THESIS
The body of a thesis normally consists of the following sections. These can be organized
as separate chapters.
Chapter I : Introduction
The introductory chapter introduces the problems and indicates its importance and
validity. It sets forth the context, the hypotheses to be tested and the research objectives
to be attained (figures and tables are not allowed).
Chapter IV : Results
This chapter or section presents a complete account of results and analyses of the study
in the form of figures, tables or text so that the key information is highlighted. Each of the
figures, tables must be explain in text (paragraph) too.
Chapter V: Discussion
It discusses the results of the study in relation to the hypotheses. It highlighted the main
findings, their significance and implication. Students also can give their opinion on their
findings provided it is related to the outcome. A separate chapter for discussion may be
necessary to give an overall discussion of the finding leading to a conclusion.
Combination of the results and also discussion in one chapter are also accepted.
19
Chapter VI : Conclusion
Summary highlights the finding of the study upon which a conclusion is drawn in line with
the objectives sets. The conclusion should be one to three pages only either in bullet or
paragraphs formats.
References
All the references in the text must be listed.
Appendices
Some of thesis does not require the appendix. However the appendix can be placed
after the references list. Details of the appendices are listed by type in the Table of
Contents.
20
THESIS FORMAT
MARGINS
For the first page of any new chapter:
Top
: 50 mm
Bottom : 25 mm
Left
: 38 mm
Right : 25 mm
For the rest of the pages:
Top
: 30 mm
Bottom : 25mm
Left
: 38 mm
Right : 25 mm
All information (text heading, footnotes and illustrations), including page numbers must
be within the text area.
SPACING
The thesis should be typed 1.5 spaced. The following however should be single spaced:
i.
Heading and subheading
ii.
References or bibliography
iii.
Abstract
iv.
Acknowledgements
v.
Explanatory footnotes
Each paragraph from one to another should be 1.5 spaced. Title to text show
(Paragraph spacing before: 0 point, after: 0 point).
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PAGINATION
Page should be numbered consecutively through the thesis including pages for
tables, figures and appendices. Each appendix should be identified separately using a
big letter (A, B, C). The pages of appendices should also be numbered accordingly.
Pages number should appear by themselves and should not be bracketed, hyphenated
or accompanied by other decorative devices.
The number of pages for title page for title page, dedication (optional) ,
acknowledgement, abstracts, table of content, list of tables, list of figures, list of
abbreviations or glossary must use in small Roman numerals ( i, ii, iii).
Page 1 begins with the first page of the Introduction (or chapter 1). All the pages
should be numbered at the TOP RIGHT CORNER for each page. For every new
chapter, the page number should be hidden.
SYMBOLS
The symbol % may be used in place of the word percent, e.g. 72.5% and typed without a
space. If the candidate prefers to write 72.5 percent in full, then consistency should be
maintained throughout.
NUMBERS
All integers less than ten should be spelt out unless they are attached to units of
measure (e.g. 10 kg, 5 mL). Use figures for numbers 10 or more than 10, eg: About 225
students... Number which is less than 10 must be spelt out, eg: The samples in the
study consist of seven elderly.. .If a sentences begins with a number, write the
number in words, e.g. Twenty two students were sampled from the study area.
PAPERS
White paper (80 g) or paper of equivalent quality should be used. Paper should be of A4
size (210 mm x 297 mm) and all printing should use Laser Jet printer.
BINDING
The thesis should be hard bound with DARK NAVY BLUE colour hard cover.
22
REFERENCING STYLE
All referencing for the thesis and proposal will use American Psychological
Association (APA) style.
Using in-text citation with APA style
APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for
example:
Lewis, C. W (2005). The ethics challenge in public service: A problem-solving guide (2nd
ed.). United Stated: John Wiley.
In text citation: (Lewis, 2005).
Within the text of the paper, include an in-text citation when it is refered to, summarize,
paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in the paper, there
must be a corresponding entry in the reference list.
For more than 1 author
Example:
Lewis, C. W., & Gilman, S. C. (2005). The ethics challenge in public service: A problemsolving guide (2nd ed.). United Stated: John Wiley.
In text citation: (Lewis & Gilman, 2005)
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FATIN ROSANALINA
50 MM
FATIN ROSANALINA
2014
Font: ARIAL, Size: 12 point, standard block size, using
gold colour
40 MM
24
50 MM from top
FATIN ROSANALINA
Semester subjected is
taken
25
This thesis submitted to the Senate of Management and Science University has
been accepted as fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Biomedical
Science (Hons). The members of the Supervisory Committee are as follows:
Signature
Supervisor
Date
: 21 APRIL 2014
(IF AVAILABLE)
Signature
Signature
Dean
Date
: 21 APRIL 2014
25mm
26
Appendix D: Declaration
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the thesis is based on my original work except for
quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that
it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at MSU
or other institutions.
15 APRIL 2014
FATIN ROSANALINA
(12012112233)
27
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Spacing: Double
I praise to the almighty Allah for giving me the strength and patience to complete
the research. I would like to express my sincere appreciation and deepest
gratitude to the following persons for their support during the research.
28
ABSTRACT
Spacing: Double
Singles
spacing
29
Spacing: Single
Spacing: Double
Singles
spacing
30
CONTENT
Spacing: Double
Page
APPROVAL
DECLARATION
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
Spacing: 1.5 lines
ABSTRAK
CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF TABLES
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xiv
Spacing: Double
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Objectives
31
1.3
Hypothesis
3
Spacing: Double
2.2
Microbial respirations
2.3
2.4
2.5
Spacing: Double
Materials
19
3.1.1 Apparatus
19
19
24
Spacing: Double
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
30
Spacing: Double
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
33
Spacing: Double
32
REFERENCES
34
Spacing: Double
APPENDIX A
39
APPENDIX B
41
APPENDIX C
BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
42
APPENDIX D
GANTT CHART
APPENDIX E
MANUSCRIPT
45
APPENDIX F
POSTER
46
APPENDIX G
CD COPY
Spacing:
1.5 lines
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33
LIST OF TABLES
Spacing: Double
Tables
Table 4.1
Title
Page
25
Table 4.2
26
Table 4.3
27
34
LIST OF FIGURES
Spacing: Double
Figure No.
Figure 2.1
Figure Title
Page
Figure 2.2
Microbial respirations
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
35
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
FDA
MIC
MBC
MRSA
TCM
VISA
Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus
aureus
VRSA
>
More than
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CHAPTER I
Spacing: 1.5 lines x 2
INTRODUCTION
Spacing: 1.5 lines x 2
1.1
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Spacing: 1.5 lines x 1
38mm
25mm
25mm
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30mm from top
1.2
OBJECTIVE
baicalensis
Georgi
against
methicillin-
resistant
i)
ii)
iii)
1.3
HYPOTHESIS
25mm
38
Spacing: Single
39
Test strain
Concentration
(mg/ml)
Aqueous
based
S. aureus
10
20
13
40
11
17
80
18
18
43
-
40
REFERENCES
Spacing: 1.0 x 2
41
Abstract
42
POSTER PREPARATION
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POSTER FORMAT
POSTER SIZE
A4
SECTIONS
TITLE
Each student poster should include a title banner with the names and
institutional affiliations (MSU)
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE (S)
HYPOTHESIS
METHODOLOGY
State the brief method and data analysis. Preferable flow chart.
RESULTS *
44
DISCUSSION *
CONCLUSION *
Discuss on the major finding that give contribution to your research area.
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To whom it may concern.
General Advice
Lettering should be in dark, contrasting colours.
Do not use combinations of red and green as these are difficult for people
with common types of colour blindness to read
Avoid using large tables of figures - try to use graphs instead.
Include photographs and illustrations if at all possible.
Avoid detailed description of well-known methods.
Design your poster so that it flows logically from top to bottom.
As a general rule, it should be possible for someone to read and
comprehend the main subject and content of the poster no more than one
minute.
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46
RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT
47
Paper Length: Research papers should not exceed 10,000 words of text plus
appropriate illustrations and tables. Review papers should not exceed 15,000
words plus illustrations and tables. Short communications should not exceed
2,000 words plus illustrations and tables.
Text: Follow this order when typing manuscripts: Title, Authors, Affiliations,
Abstract, Keywords, and Main text, Acknowledgements, Appendix, References,
Figure Captions and then Tables. Do not import the Figures or Tables into your
text.
Units: The SI system should be used for all scientific and laboratory data. In
certain instances it may be necessary to quote other units.
48
Line drawings: Good quality printouts on white paper produced in black ink are
required. All lettering, graph lines and points on graphs should be sufficiently
large and bold to permit reproduction when the diagram has been reduced to a
size suitable for inclusion in the journal.
Photographs: Original photographs must be supplied as they are to be
reproduced (e.g. black and white or colour). Please note that photocopies of
photographs are not acceptable.
REFERENCE
Minimum 10 references are required. All references used in the manuscript must
be in the reference list. Referencing must use the American Psychological
Association (APA) style.
49
MANUSCRIPT
DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF Bacille
Calmette Guerin (BCG) AND HEPATITIS B VACCINES BETWEEN
1.5
spacing
Single spacing x 2
experienced by the children was papule (21%) for BCG vaccine followed by
redness and high fever (26%) for Hepatitis B vaccine. As a conclusion,
community in urban has more knowledge on BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines
adverse effects rather than community in rural area.
1.5
spacing
50
INTRODUCTION
Hepatitis B is a major public health problem. Approximately 30% of the
worlds population, about 2 billion people, has serological evidence of infection
with hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is estimated that 350 million of them have chronic
HBV infection, about a million of who die each year from chronic liver disease,
including cirrhosis and liver cancer (World Health Organization. 2001). The most
common form of TB is will affects the lungs, but it can affect other parts of the
body such as the bones, joints and kidneys. From experimental evidence clearly
shows, that simultaneous administration of as little as two to three immune
adjuvants, or repeated stimulation of the immune system by the same antigen
can overcome genetic resistance to autoimmunity (Sienkiewicz et al., 2012).
Single spacing x 1
METHODS
Study Design
The objective of this study is to find out the knowledge on adverse effects
of BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines in urban and rural community at Selangor state.
Collecting Data (Area Selection)
This study was conducted among parents or guardians of children at
urban and rural community in Selangor state which is for urban area, the area is
at Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor and rural area is at Kampung Sijangkang,
Banting, Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
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RESULTS
The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
version 20 via Independent T-Test with P value <0.05. The data shown that
community in urban area have more knowledge than rural area with 50.2% and
49.8% respectively towards BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines adverse effects in
urban 52.8% and 47.2% rural (p>0.05). (Refer to Figure 1.1)
Single spacing x 1
DISCUSSION
Based on the results the respondent in urban area have good knowledge
towards adverse effects of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and Hepatitis B
vaccines compared to respondent in rural area which are the mean xxx BCG
vaccine in urban and xxx in rural, followed by the mean xxx Hepatitis B vaccine in
urban and xxx rural. It is because urban community has higher education
compared to rural community. Besides that they have better housing, easier
access to hospitals and clinics, schools and public transportation, and higher
education levels (Amin R.,et al 2013).
Single spacing x 1
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful.
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and blessing in completing this
thesis. Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Madam Noor Azimah Ahmad,
for her supervision and constant support
52
REFERENCES
Sienkiewicz D., Kuak W., Okurowska-Zawada B., Paszko-Patej G. (2012),
Neurologic
adverse
events
following
vaccination.
World
Health