Trends

Total Sample
2,231,035,000.00
11/23/2005
Mithras 197,000.00 0.0088%
Zoroastrian 228,000.00 0.0102%
Blu-Ray 1,890,000.00 0.0847%
Koran 2,010,000.00 0.0901%
Hybrid cars 5,210,000.00 0.2335%
Buddha 6,800,000.00 0.3048%
Alfa Romeo 8,800,000.00 0.3944%
Podcasting 10,300,000.00 0.4617%
Cycling 17,600,000.00 0.7889%
Convergence 18,100,000.00 0.8113%
Bible 27,200,000.00 1.2192%
Digital radio 47,800,000.00 2.1425%
iPod 51,400,000.00 2.3039%
Digital TV 63,700,000.00 2.8552%
Broadband 65,100,000.00 2.9179%
MP3 67,700,000.00 3.0345%
DVD 128,000,000.00 5.7372%
Australia 204,000,000.00 9.1437%
Paper 220,000,000.00 9.8609%
Books 434,000,000.00 19.4529%
Internet 851,000,000.00 38.1437%
Better to grow trees in a plantation and sequester carbon, or go online and stop printing on paper?

Old growth Plantation Computer

Loss of habitat Poor habitat Has to be developed, manufactured, distributed
Release of sequesteredRelease
carbonof sequesteredHascarbon
to be sold and serviced
Loss of diversity Poor diversity anyway Has to be plugged in
Energy used to grow Once plugged in and powered loading a document consumes tiny amo
Energy used to plant If read online, end of story
Energy to maintain If printed, refer to "Common"
Energy to fence
Common
Energy used to harvest
Energy to transport
Energy to chip
Energy to transport
Energy to process to pulp
Energy to process pulp to paper
Energy to transport paper
Energy to prduce ink, machinery etc to print
Energy to actually print
Energy to distribute print
Energy to recycle
cument consumes tiny amount of energy
Object 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
Golf LS 5700 6138.9 6200.9 6771.39 6847.9 6923.23 7518.63 7601.33 8224.64
Golf GLS 6900 6969.69 7610.9 7696.9 7781.57 8450.79 8543.74 9244.33
Escort 2.0 7500 8190 8282.55 8373.66 9093.79 9193.82 9947.71
Alfa Gilulietta 1.8 14500 14663.85 14825.15 16100.12 16277.22 17611.95
Escort 1.3 4300 4347.3 4703.78
Porsche 928S 90000 90990 98451.18
Alfa 33ti 16500 17853
Laser 2.0
Swift Gti Mk1
Swift Gti Mk2
Laser 1.8 Turbo 4wd
Alfa GTV 2.0
Toyota Corolla Seca 1.8
Hyundai Excel 1.5
Mazda Premacy 2.0
Hyundai Getz 1.5

Petrol 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.43 0.46

Colnago Mexico, Campag Record, Mavic 1595 1725.79

Look KG76, Mavic ensemble
Felt F50 Aluminium/carbon fork/Ultegra
Aussie Inflation rate
0.1 (annual,0.0
by Dec quarter
0.1 each0.0
year, all) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
9030.66 9671.83 10406.89 11218.63 11992.72 12172.61 12537.78 12776 13095.4 13763.27
10150.28 10870.95 11697.14 12609.51 13479.57 13681.76 14092.22 14359.97 14718.97 15469.64
10922.59 11698.09 12587.15 13568.95 14505.2 14722.78 15164.47 15452.59 15838.91 16646.69
19337.92 20710.91 22284.94 24023.17 25680.76 26065.98 26847.96 27358.07 28042.02 29472.16
5164.75 5531.45 5951.84 6416.08 6858.79 6961.67 7170.52 7306.76 7489.43 7871.39
108099.4 115774.45 124573.31 134290.03 143556.04 145709.38 150080.66 152932.2 156755.5 164750.03
19602.59 20994.38 22589.95 24351.97 26032.25 26422.74 27215.42 27732.51 28425.82 29875.54
12500 13387.5 14404.95 15528.54 16600.01 16849.01 17354.48 17684.21 18126.32 19050.76
15900 17028.9 18323.1 19752.3 21115.21 21431.93 22074.89 22494.32 23056.67 24232.56
16900 18218.2 19475.26 19767.38 20360.41 20747.25 21265.94 22350.5
24500 26190.5 26583.36 27380.86 27901.09 28598.62 30057.15
14000 14210 14636.3 14914.39 15287.25 16066.9

0.51 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.68 0.7 0.72 0.74 0.77

1894.92 2029.46 2183.7 2354.02 2516.45 2554.2 2630.82 2680.81 2747.83 2887.97
5000 5345 5425.18 5587.93 5694.1 5836.45 6134.11

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
13969.72 13690.32 13909.37 14159.74 14981 15445.41 15816.1 16195.69 16616.78 17082.05
15701.68 15387.65 15633.85 15915.26 16838.34 17360.33 17776.98 18203.63 18676.92 19199.88
16896.39 16558.46 16823.4 17126.22 18119.54 18681.25 19129.6 19588.71 20098.01 20660.76
29914.24 29315.96 29785.01 30321.14 32079.77 33074.24 33868.03 34680.86 35582.56 36578.87
7989.46 7829.67 7954.95 8098.14 8567.83 8833.43 9045.43 9262.52 9503.35 9769.44
167221.28 163876.86 166498.89 169495.87 179326.63 184885.75 189323.01 193866.76 198907.3 204476.7
30323.67 29717.2 30192.68 30736.14 32518.84 33526.92 34331.57 35155.53 36069.57 37079.52
19336.52 18949.79 19252.99 19599.54 20736.31 21379.14 21892.24 22417.65 23000.51 23644.52
24596.05 24104.13 24489.8 24930.61 26376.59 27194.26 27846.93 28515.25 29256.65 30075.83
22685.76 22232.04 22587.75 22994.33 24328 25082.17 25684.14 26300.56 26984.38 27739.94
30508.01 29897.85 30376.21 30922.99 32716.52 33730.73 34540.27 35369.24 36288.84 37304.92
16307.9 15981.74 16237.45 16529.73 17488.45 18030.59 18463.33 18906.45 19398.01 19941.16
19500 19110 19415.76 19765.24 20911.63 21559.89 22077.33 22607.18 23194.97 23844.43
9900 10058.4 10239.45 10833.34 11169.17 11437.23 11711.73 12016.23 12352.69
22000 22528 23113.73 23760.91
15000 15420

0.78 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.96

2931.29 2872.66 2918.63 2971.16 3143.49 3240.94 3318.72 3398.37 3486.73 3584.35
6226.12 6101.6 6199.23 6310.81 6676.84 6883.82 7049.03 7218.21 7405.88 7613.25
2450 2518.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 2007 2008
17645.75 18175.13
19833.47 20428.48
21342.56 21982.84
37785.98 38919.55
10091.83 10394.59
211224.43 217561.17
38303.14 39452.24
24424.79 25157.54
31068.34 32000.39
28655.36 29515.02
38535.99 39692.06
20599.22 21217.19
24631.29 25370.23
12760.32 13143.13
24545.02 25281.37
15928.86 16406.73

0.99 1.02

3702.64 3813.72
7864.49 8100.42
2601.71 2679.77
0.0 0.1
 Getz 1.6 Commodore V6Brera
Berlina
AWD
RRP $15,490.00 $39,900.00 $87,990.00
minus GST $14,081.82 $36,272.73 $79,990.91
minus Luxury tax $14,081.82 $36,272.73 $59,993.18
dealer margin % 3 8 15
ex-factory $13,659.36 $33,370.91 $50,994.20
minus local prep costs $13,609.36 $33,345.91 $50,894.20 (local transport to dealers, small repairs)
minus local prep costs $13,309.36 $32,945.91 $50,394.20 (warranty cost)
minus local prep costs $13,009.36 $32,745.91 $48,894.20 (local compliance)
minus local prep costs $12,209.36 $32,545.91 $45,894.20 (advertising per car)
importer margin % 5 0 30
importer cost $11,598.90 $32,545.91 $32,125.94
transport $11,098.90 $32,245.91 $29,625.94
factory margin % 10 30 50
factory cost $9,989.01 $22,572.14 $14,812.97

Breakdown
transport % 20 20 20
energy % 20 20 20
raw materials % 60 60 60

Breakdown Getz 1.6 Commodore V6Brera

Berlina
AWD
transport $1,997.80 $4,514.43 $2,962.59
energy $1,997.80 $4,514.43 $2,962.59
raw materials $5,993.40 $13,543.28 $8,887.78
rs, small repairs)
Thermal efficiency

16,920,000,000
169,200,000
1,692,000,000
1,700,000,000

Energy density http://xtronics.com/reference/energy_density.htm

Energy Density sorted by Wh/l Volumetric
Wh/l relative to GasolineBTU/l
(=1) kJoules/l
Material Volumetric (Wh/l) 1055.6 3.6
Fission of U-235 ### ### 4452444107.62 ###
Boron 38278 3.95 36.26 137800.8
JP10 (dicyclopentadiene) 10,975 1.13 10.4 39510
Diesel 10,942 1.13 10.37 39391.2
Gasoline 9,700 1 9.19 34920
Black Coal solid =>CO2 9444 0.97 8.95 33998.4
LNG 7,216 0.74 6.84 25977.6
Propane (liquid) 7050 0.73 6.68 25380
Black Coal Bulk =>CO2 6278 0.65 5.95 22600.8
Ethanol 6,100 0.63 5.78 21960
hydrazine (Mono-propellant) 5,426 0.56 5.14 19533.6
Thermite Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) -> Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s) (mono
5,114 fuel) 0.53 4.84 18410.4
Methanol 4,600 0.47 4.36 16560
Sodium Borohydride - Theoretical Hydrogen battery 2925.6
- real is about0.3
40% efficient 2.77 10532.16
Liquid H2 2,600 0.27 2.46 9360
Hydrogen Peroxide 100% (mono-propellant rocket 1,187fuel - Often used0.12at 30% or 90%1.12
and correspondingly
4273.2 less dense)
Wood Varies with type of wood and moisture content700 0.07 0.66 2520
150 Bar H2 (without container - big problem!) 405 0.04 0.38 1458
Secondary Lithium - ion Polymer 300 0.03 0.28 1080
Secondary Lithium-Ion 300 0.03 0.28 1080
Primary Zinc-Air 240 0.02 0.23 864
Dry ice sublimation 248 0.03 0.23 892.8
Primary Lithium Sulfur Dioxide 190 0.02 0.18 684
Nickel Metal Hydride (not discounted for high discharge100rates) 0.01 0.09 360
Wood pellets (pelletizing energy subtracted?) 100 0.01 0.09 360
Flywheel 210 0.02 0.2 756
Liquid N2 65 0.01 0.06 234
Lead Acid Battery 40 0 0.04 144
Propane (Gas - 1 bar) 28.1 0 0.03 101.16
Compressed Air 17 0 0.02 61.2
Ice to water 9.3 0 0.01 33.48
STP H2 (no container) 2.7 0 0 9.72
Boost cap 1.72 0 0 6.19
* = without container Some numbers from Don Lancaster
** - seems low?
*** Types of coal vary widely - coal => CO2 4816 - 8722 Wh/kg

Some Fuels that won't work

Bio Fuel Very limited supply of used cooking oil - Moving from food crops to fuel will cause starvation and produce a lot

Solar Cells As of today, it takes about 20 years of constant use to get the energy used in manufacturer back out - if the lif

Hydrogen Embrittles its container (explodes pores in metals - forms brittle hydrates) is one of the most dangerous gases

Batteries No one talks about battery wear out - energy density goes down as the batteries wear out. Manufacturing exotic

uranium as a fuel. approximately 45,000,000 Wh/l and 2,000,000 Wh/kg ????? Need a verified number??

Carbon => CO2 9111Wh/kg

Carbon => CO 6306Wh/kg

coal 1.346 g/cc

Anhydrous ammonia has a hydrogen density of 0.12 gm/cm^3

http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/Tatya
naNektalova.shtml
The energy density or energy content is
also a very important factor. Energy
density is the amount of energy stored in a
given system or region of space per unit
volume (MJ/L) or mass (MJ/kg). The
greater the energy density the more energy
may be stored or transported for the same
amount of mass or volume. Appropriate
units must be used for the proper situation.
For example, when comparing the energy
content of hydrogen fuel to diesel fuel,
hydrogen has a higher density per unit
mass than diesel, but a lower energy
density per unit volume. The energy
density for diesel fuel ranges from 32 to 40
megajoules per liter (MJ/L).

1 Therm = 100,000 Btu

1 Btu = 1055.6 Joules (J)
1 MJ = 106 J
1 GJ = 10 9 J
1 TJ = 1012 J
1 PJ = 1015 J
29.0 PJ = 1 million tonnes of coal equivalent
41.868 PJ = 1 million tonnes of oil equivalent
3.60 MJ = 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh)
1 barrel condensate = 0.935 barrels of oil equivalent
1 PJ of Natural Gas = 172,000 barrels of oil equivalent
1 tonne LPG = 8.46 barrels of oil equivalent
1 cubic meter (m3) = 35.315 cubic feet
 1 tonne = 1000 Kg
1 kilolitre = 6.2898 barrels

Emission indices (Kg CO 2/GJ)

LPG 60
Natural Gas 58
Crude Oil 76
Coal (electricity) 290

http://astro.berkeley.edu/~wright/fuel_energy.html Fuel Energy Density

NB: Actual calorific values vary depending on fuel composition.

Solid Fuel GJ/tonne

Black Coal Export coking 29
coal
Export 27
steaming coal
Local coal 24
(electricity)

Brown Coal 9.5

Coke 27
Wood Dry 16.2
Bagasse 9.6
Plant Biomass Cotton trash 18

Gaseous Fuel MJ/m3

Natural Gas 39
Ethane 66
LPG Propane 93.3
LPG butane 124
Town Gas reformed gas 20
Gas coke oven 18.1
Gas blast furnace 4

Liquid Fuel MJ/litre Litre/Tonne

LPG propane 25.3 1960
LPG butane 27.7 1750
LPG mixture 25.7 1928
Gasoline aviation 33 1412
Gasoline automotive 34.2 1360
Kerosene power 37.5 1230
Kerosene turbine fuel 36.8 1261
Kerosene lighting 36.6 1270
Heating Oil 37.3 1238
Diesel Oil automotive 38.6 1182
Diesel Oil industrial 39.6 1135
Fuel Oil low sulphur 39.7 1110
Fuel Oil high sulphur 40.8 1050
Refinery Fuel 40.9 1050
Naphtha 31.4 1534
Lubricants 38.8 1120
 Bitumen 44 981
Solvents 34.4 1229
Waxes 38.8 1180
Crude Oil 38.7 1160
Ethanol 23.4 1266
LNG -160C & 25 2174
300kPa

Uranium GJ/tonne
Uranium metal (U) 560,000
Uranium oxide (U 3O8) 470,000

1 m/s = 3.6 kph

1 Wh = 3600 J
1 mile = 1.61 km
1 gallon = 3.79 L
Petrol energy content
3.22E+07
= J/L
Petrol density = 0.75 kg/L
 Emission indices (Kg CO 2/GJ)

LPG 60
Natural Gas 58
Crude Oil 76
Coal
(electricity) 290
90,000,000

energy_density.htm equiv GJ/tonne

MJ/l kWh/l GJ/l Wh/kg BTU/kg kJoules/kg MJ/kg kWh/kg GJ/kg
1000 3.6 1000 Gravimetric (Wh/kg)
1055.6 3.6 1000 3.6 1000
### ### 16920000 25000000000 ### ### 90000000 25000000 90000
137.8 38.28 0.14 16361 15.5 58899.6 58.9 16.36 0.06
39.51 10.98 0.04 11,694 11.08 42098.4 42.1 11.69 0.04
39.39 10.94 0.04 13,762 13.04 49543.2 49.54 13.76 0.05
34.92 9.7 0.03 12,200 11.56 43920 43.92 12.2 0.04
34 9.44 0.03 6667 6.32 24001.2 24 6.67 0.02
25.98 7.22 0.03 12,100 11.46 43560 43.56 12.1 0.04
25.38 7.05 0.03 13,900 13.17 50040 50.04 13.9 0.05
22.6 6.28 0.02 6667 6.32 24001.2 24 6.67 0.02
21.96 6.1 0.02 7,850 7.44 28260 28.26 7.85 0.03
19.53 5.43 0.02 5,373 5.09 19342.8 19.34 5.37 0.02
18.41 5.11 0.02 1,111 1.05 3999.6 4 1.11 0
16.56 4.6 0.02 6,400 6.06 23040 23.04 6.4 0.02
10.53 2.93 0.01 2840 2.69 10224 10.22 2.84 0.01
9.36 2.6 0.01 39,000 36.95 140400 140.4 39 0.14
4.27 1.19 0 813 0.77 2926.8 2.93 0.81 0
2.52 0.7 0 3154.5 2.99 11356.2 11.36 3.15 0.01
1.46 0.41 0 39,000 36.95 140400 140.4 39 0.14
1.08 0.3 0 665 0.63 2394 2.39 0.67 0
1.08 0.3 0 110 0.1 396 0.4 0.11 0
0.86 0.24 0 300 0.28 1080 1.08 0.3 0
0.89 0.25 0 159 0.15 572.4 0.57 0.16 0
0.68 0.19 0 170 0.16 612 0.61 0.17 0
0.36 0.1 0 60 0.06 216 0.22 0.06 0
0.36 0.1 0 4,700 4.45 16920 16.92 4.7 0.02
0.76 0.21 0 120 0.11 432 0.43 0.12 0
0.23 0.07 0 55 0.05 198 0.2 0.06 0
0.14 0.04 0 25 0.02 90 0.09 0.03 0
0.1 0.03 0 13,900 13.17 50040 50.04 13.9 0.05
0.06 0.02 0 34 0.03 122.4 0.12 0.03 0
0.03 0.01 0 9.3 0.01 33.48 0.03 0.01 0
0.01 0 0 39,000 36.95 140400 140.4 39 0.14
0.01 0 0 2.98 0 10.73 0.01 0 0
cause starvation and produce a lot of pollution.

d in manufacturer back out - if the life span of solar cells that long. Perhaps lower energy manufacturing methods will one day be figured ou

is one of the most dangerous gases to handle - explosive from 4 - 96% concentration. You would have to store vehicles outside - no tunne

eries wear out. Manufacturing exotic batteries causes more pollution than they could possibly prevent. Energy density is still 2 magnitudes

a verified number??
GJ/tonne
49.6
49.1
49.6
49.6
46.4
46.1
46.4
46.5
46.2
45.6
44.9
44.1
42.9
42.9
481
43.4
42.7
44
45.8
44.9
29.6
54.4
Hydrogen density

0.23 gm/cm3

0.068 gm/cm3
thods will one day be figured out - they would have to be a magnitude or two improved to make these practical.

tore vehicles outside - no tunnel use etc. Besides the most economical way to produce hydrogen is from oil - Best way to store hydrogen is

y density is still 2 magnitudes from practical.

st way to store hydrogen is as gasoline - as there is more hydrogen in a gallon of Gasoline than in a gallon of liquid hydrogen. In any article
uid hydrogen. In any article you read about hydrogen, it is a good idea to replace the words"hydroge n economy" with "boondoggle" to get a
with "boondoggle" to get a clearer meaning.
 thermal
1KWh energy density efficiency
Petrol 95.2 ml 1.19 25 71% 122.81 153.5
Diesel 80 ml 1 35 100%

l/100km
Diesel 1.7
Petrol 2.61
Question - why does my stove-hot FWD car lift its rear wheel when I hammer a turn, yet my mate's old Alfa sits flat and goes 'round quicker?
Robert's Simple Weight Transfer calculator
Works for anything with 4 wheels!
Weight transfer = ( Lateral acceleration x Weight x Height of CG ) / Track width <-- the formula
For example, an '82 Alfa Romeo GTV Tipo 116 is cornering at 0.85 g. <-- the example
Assuming its track width is 1600 mm, height of CG is 500 mm and it weighs 1250 kg with a 70kg driver, then we can calculate the weight transfer is 332 kg.
Assuming the car has a perfect 50:50 weight distribution between front and rear, which it does (with gearbox and clutch at rear) then we can see that each in
Therefore you can see the outside wheel has far more influence on handling than the inside wheel. This explains why we'd prefer unequal length non-parallel
Variables
Lateral acceleration 0.85 <--insert Lateral G - try changing this to simulate slicks or other
Use G-meter grip-mods
or take (notfrom
a guess! Mostly too0.7
mu to
Track width 1600 <--insert Track width mm (a relatively wide track is Look
good,up less rollovers!)
your spec sheet!
CG height 500 <--insert C of G height in mm (low slung sports carsAnother
have guesstimate,
an advantage here)
but get a tape measure an
Weight 1250 <--insert weight in kg (extra mass equals extra work, soupwhy
Look yournot
specput yr Add
sheet! caryron a weight
own diet?)to
Therefore your WT is… 332.03 kilograms (total weight transfer from side to side given these variables)

Front
Weight distribution 0.5 Weight per side (static) 625
Rear 0.5 per wheel front 312.5
1 <-- Must = 1 rear 312.5

The RESULTS! Look here for the figures -->

Weight per side (dynamic)
This is why your nose-heavy FWD car understeers --> per wheel front (LOADED) 478.52 ie outside front wheel
If 50:50 front:rear balance, car will handle neutrally front (UNLOADED) 146.48 ie inside front wheel
If nose-heavy will ultimately understeer per wheel rear (LOADED) 478.52 ie outside rear wheel
This is why your nose-heavy FWD car lifts a rear wheel --> rear (UNLOADED) 146.48 ie inside rear wheel

OK, this is not every factor. Look at tyre compound, too. Chassis stiffness. Think about weight per kg spread over the increased
Enjoy!
es 'round quicker?

ate the weight transfer is 332 kg.

t rear) then we can see that each inside wheel shoulders 146.48 kg while the outside has to suffer 478.51 kg. Give or take.
d prefer unequal length non-parallel double wishbones, because it has the least camber change on the outside wheel. Camber change is bad.

or take a guess! Mostly from 0.7 to 0.85, sedans to sports cars on radials

sstimate, but get a tape measure and go to height of engine, then come down 2/3rds height of engine, give or take
r spec sheet! Add yr own weight to see the effect!
e variables)

test calculations!
kg 50:50 dist
332.03 wt
Dynamic 625 wt side
Total weight loaded
957.03 957.03 loaded side
Total weight unloaded 478.52 per wheel
292.97 292.97 unloaded side
146.48 per wheel
kg spread over the increased contact patch when you fit those big wide tyres - maybe that's why wet-weather driving is soooo exciting?
ving is soooo exciting?
Robert's Simple BMEP calculator Works for Four-Strokes only! hp = torque x rpm / 525
BMEP = ( HP * 13000 ) / ( L * RPM ) P=2xPIxNxT
turbo cars = higher bmep or Power (Watts) = Tor

Vehicle kW kW/RPM kW/tonneNm Nm/RPM

HP *13000 Price $AU
Alfa 147GTA 183.5 6200 134.93 300 250 3250000
Alfa 156GTA 184 6200 131.43 300 250.68 ###
Alfa 147 2.0JTS 121.11 6400 93.16 165 2145000
Alfa GTV 2.0 (1982) 90.28 5400 82.07 175 123 1599000
Astra Turbo 147 5600 114.66 250 1950 200.27 ###
Citroen Zsara VTS 124 6500 101.72 196 5500 168.94 ### 32990
Evo VI 206 6500 #DIV/0! 373 3000 280.65 ###
Ferrari V12 403 7250 #DIV/0! 549.05 ###
Focus RS (rally) 220.2 5250 #DIV/0! 535 3500 300 3900000
Focus RS (road) 157.81 5500 #DIV/0! 310 3500 215 2795000
Focus ST170 127 7000 98.99 197 5500 173.02 ###
Honda Integra R 146.8 7400 #DIV/0! 192 6000 200 2600000
Honda Integra R 141 7900 #DIV/0! 179 6300 192.1 ###
Hyundai Getz 74 5800 75.98 133 100.82 ### 15490
Monaro CV8 235 5200 #DIV/0! 460 4400 320.16 ###
Peugeot 206 Gti 101.95 6000 97.1 190 4100 138.9 1805700 29990
Peugeot 206 GTi180 130.06 7000 118.24 202 4750 177.2 2303600 34990
Peugeot 306 GTi6 124 6500 102.06 196 5500 168.94 ###
Proton Satria Gti 103 6300 93.64 164 140.33 ###
Renault Clio Sport 124 6250 119.81 200 5400 168.94 ###
S2000 176 8300 #DIV/0! 208 7500 239.78 ###
S2000 179 7800 139.3 220 6500 243.87 ###
Suzuki Ignis Sport 1.5 83 6400 88.77 143 4100 113.08 ### 19990
Suzuki Liana 1.8 92 5500 77.97 170 4200 125.34 ###
Toyota Corolla Sportivo 1.8 141 7800 117.5 180 6800 192.1 ###
#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 0 0

Question - why does my stove-hot FWD car lift its rear wheel when I hammer a turn, yet my mate's old Alfa sits flat and goes 'round quicker?
Robert's Simple Weight Transfer calculator Works for anything with 4 wheels!
Weight transfer = ( Lateral acceleration x Weight x Height of CG ) / Track width <-- the formula
For example, an '82 Alfa Romeo GTV Tipo 116 is cornering at 0.85 g. <-- the example
Assuming its track width is 1600 mm, height of CG is 500 mm and it weighs 1250 kg with a 70kg driver, then we can calculate the weight transfer is 332 kg.
Assuming the car has a perfect 50:50 weight distribution between front and rear, which it does (with gearbox and clutch at rear) then we can see that each in
Therefore you can see the outside wheel has far more influence on handling than the inside wheel. This explains why we'd prefer unequal length non-parallel
Variables
Lateral acceleration 0.85 <--insert Lateral G - try changing this to simulate
Use G-meter orslicks or other
take a guess! grip-m
Mostly from 0
Track width 1600 <--insert Track width mm (a relatively wide track
Look up is good,
your spec sheet! less rollovers
CG height 500 <--insert C of G height in mm (low slung sports
Another cars have
guesstimate, anaadvantag
but get tape measu
Weight 1250 <--insert weight in kg (extra mass equals Lookextra work,
up your so why
spec sheet! Add not put
yr own yr
weig
Therefore your WT is… 332.03 kilograms (total weight transfer from side to side given these variables

Weight distribution Front 0.5 Weight per side (static) 625

 Rear 0.5 per wheel front 312.5
1 <-- Must = 1 rear 312.5

The RESULTS! Look here for the figures --> Weight per side (dynamic)
This is why your nose-heavy FWD car understeers --> per wheel front (LOADED) 478.52 ie outside front wheel
If 50:50 front:rear balance, car will handle neutrally 146.48 ie inside front wheel
front (UNLOADED)
If nose-heavy will ultimately understeer per wheel rear (LOADED) 478.52 ie outside rear wheel
This is why your nose-heavy FWD car lifts a rear wheel --> 146.48 ie inside rear wheel
rear (UNLOADED)

OK, this is not every factor. Look at tyre compound, too. Chassis stiffness. Think about weight per kg spread over the increased
Enjoy!
 hp = torque x rpm / 5252. Since 5252 is a constant we can say that hp = torque x rpm
P=2xPIxNxT 734 watts = 1 bhp (approx)
or Power (Watts) = Torque (Nm) x 2 x PI x N (revs per second),

Litres l*rpm BMEP Compression

0-62 (secs)
Kg
:1 Tyres Brakes Fr Brakes R
3.18 19709.8 164.89 10.5 6.3 1360 225/45/17
3.18 19709.8 165.34 10.5 1400 225/45/17
2 12800 167.58 1300
1.96 10594.8 150.92 9 1100
2 11188.8 232.69 8.81 7.4 1282 215/40/17
2 12987 169.11 8.7 1219
2 13000 280.65
5.7 41325 172.72
2 ### 372.36 185/55/15
2 10989 254.35
1.99 13916 161.64 10.2 1283 215/45/17
2 14785.2 175.85
1.8 14220 175.62
1.5 8671 151.15 974
5.67 29458 141.29
2 11982 150.7 10.8 8.3 1050 205/45/16
2 13979 164.79 7.4 1100
2 12987 169.11 1215
1.83 11554.2 157.89 7.8 1100
2 12487.5 175.87 11 7.3 1035 195/50/15
2 16600 187.78
2.16 16824.6 188.43 11.1 1285
1.5 9600 153.13 9.5 935 185/55/15 257 258
1.8 9900 164.59 10.5 1180 195/55/15
1.8 14008.8 178.26 11.5 8.4 1200 195/55/16
0 #DIV/0!
0 #DIV/0!
0 #DIV/0!
0 #DIV/0!
0 #DIV/0!
0 #DIV/0!

s 'round quicker?

ate the weight transfer is 332 kg.

rear) then we can see that each inside wheel shoulders 146.48 kg while the outside has to suffer 478.51 kg. Give or take.
prefer unequal length non-parallel double wishbones, because it has the least camber change on the outside wheel. Camber change is bad.

meter or take a guess! Mostly from 0.7 to 0.85, sedans to sports cars on radials
your spec sheet!
guesstimate, but get a tape measure and go to height of engine, then come down 2/3rds height of engine, give or take
your spec sheet! Add yr own weight to see the effect!
side given these variables)
 test calculations!
kg 50:50 dist
332.03 wt
Dynamic 625 wt side
Total weight loaded
957.03 957.03 loaded side
Total weight unloaded 478.52 per wheel
292.97 292.97 unloaded side
146.48 per wheel
kg spread over the increased contact patch when you fit those big wide tyres - maybe that's why wet-weather driving is soooo exciting?
ther driving is soooo exciting?