SLCC Anatomy CH 27: Urinary System

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14.

The 3 tunics of the ureters, from

innermost are

mucosa,
muscularis,
adventia

The active transport of substance

from the blood into the tubular fluid
is called ______. This is when
tubular fluid becomes urine.

tubular secretion

The apex of a renal pyramid is called

the renal ____.

papilla

The arteries located at the

corticomedullary junction are the
_____ arteries.

arcuate

The bladder is lined with ____

epithelium.

transitional

A blockage in a glomerulus would

directly obstruct blood flow into
which vessel?

efferent arteriole

Compared with most capillaries,

those of a glomerulus are unusual in
which ways?

thicker basement
membranes,
higher blood
pressure, and
highly oxygenated
blood leaves

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21.

Damage to the renal medulla would

most directly impair the function of

collecting ducts

22.

The direct consequence of

inadequate antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) secretion would most likely be

dehydration

23.

The DTC secretes ____ and ____

ions, reabsorbs sodium in the
presence of aldosterone, and
reabsorbs water in the presence of
ADH.

hydrogren and
potassium

Ducts in each renal papilla drain

into a ______.

minor calyx

During which steps of urine

formation are substances actually
removed from the blood?

filtration and
secretion

Filtrate becomes tubular fluid via the

diffusion and active transport from
the tubular fluid back into the blood
within the collecting ducts in a
process called _____.

tubular
reabsorption

The following doesnot characterize

the micturition reflex

internal urethral
sphincter relaxes
under conscious,
voluntary control

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30.

The four tissue layers surrounding

and supporting the kidneys are the

fibrous capsule,
perinephric fat,
renal fascia,
and paranephric
fat

From which part of the renal tubule

are 60-65% of the water and virtually
all nutrients, electrolytes, and plasma
proteins reabsorbed into the blood?

proximal
convoluted
tubule

The functional unit of the kidney

nephron

A group of modified epithelial cells of

the distal convoluted tubule that touch
juxtaglomerular cells. Are able to
adjust blood pressure, thus increasing
urine pressure.

Macula Densa

Inferior, voluntary sphnicter

controlled by somatic nerves. this is
what is trained with children.

external
urethral
sphnicter

The ____________ innervation to the

kidney has no known effect.

parasympathetic

____ is passive movement of

substances from the blood within the
glomerulus, creating filtrate.

Glomerular
filtration

The ___ is subdivided into the renal

pyramids.

medulla

The juxtaglomerular apparatus work

with the macula densa to

regulate blood
pressure.

Juxtaglomerular cells release ____,

activating a pathway that produces
aldosterone.

renin

The kidneys secrete _____, which

increases the production of red blood
cells in response to low oxygen levels.

erythropoietin

Long loops of the juxtamedullary

nephrons extend deep into the renal
medulla and are associated with
_____.

vasa recta

The major calyces combine to form the

_____.

renal pelvis

The minor calyces merge to form a

_____.

major calyx

The ____ muscle of the muscularis

propels urine.

detrusor

Nephron loops of juxtamedullary

nephrons are to vasa recta as
convoluted tubules of cortical
nephrons are to ______.

peritubular
capillaries

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47.

Of the urethra, kidney, bladder, and

ureter, which is the organ responsible
for filtering the blood?

kidney

The outer layer of the kidney, just

internal to the fibrous capsule, is the
renal

cortex

Physically part of a nephron, each

____________ is also part of a tiny
structure that helps regulate blood
pressure and volume.

macula densa

Pyramid + ____ + cortex = renal lobe

column

Reabsorption is the movement of fluid

and solutes from the tubular fluid into
the ____ space.

capsular

Releases renin when the macula densa

detects changes in ions and blood
volume. Are modified smooth muscle
cells of the afferent arteriole.

juxtaglomerular
cells

The renal pelvis DOESNT convey urine

directly to the ___.

urethra

The renal plexus that innervates each

kidney includes all of the following
except

the T10-T12
paravertebral
ganglia

The structural unit of the kidney

Renal lobe

Superior, involuntary sphincter

controlled by the detrusor muscle,
which is innervated by the ANS.

internal
urethral
sphnicter

The superior ureters are innervated by

the ___, while the inferior ureters are
innervated by T11 - 12.

vagus

Tissue layers, from innermost to

outermost, of the kidney

fibrous capsule,
perinephric fat,
renal fascia,
paranephric fat

Tubular fluid from the proximal

convoluted tubule next travels to the
____.

nephron loop

Tubular reabsorption is made possible

by the hormones ___ from the
hypothalamus and ___ from the
adrenal glands.

ADH;
aldosterone

The ureters and bladder are anchored

to the abdominal wall by ____, except
the top of the bladder which has
serosa.

advetitia

Urine in the major calyx travels to the

____ next.

renal pelvis

What are all components of a nephron?

a renal
corpuscle and a
renal tubule

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53.

What three physical barriers must

filtrate cross within the renal corpuscle?

glomerular
endothelium,
basement
membrane,
and podocytes

Which arteries of the kidneys have no

companion vessels?

segmental
arteries

Which hormone, produced by the

adrenal cortex in response to rising
levels of angiotensin II, increases water
reabsorption in the distal convoluted
tubules?

aldosterone

Which part of the renal tubule is lined

throughout its length by a simple
cuboidal epithelium with sparse, short
microvilli?

distal
convoluted
tubule

Which structures assist in producing

more concentrated urine?

renal tubules
and collecting
ducts

Which tunic found in the walls of most

digestive organs, and the urinary
bladder, is missing from the walls of the
ureters?

submucosa