Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
aptulo
Captulo I
(O LFRQR SRU VX SDUWH VH GHQH FRPR XQD LPDJHQ
SLQWDGD OD SDODEUD SURYLHQH GHO JULHJR eikon TXH
HV OD LPDJHQ R UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH FXDOTXLHU WLSR
&XDOTXLHUREMHWRTXHUHSUHVHQWHDRWURHVXQeikon1
DLFRQRJUDItDHVHODUWHGHODFRPSRVLFLyQGH
ORV LFRQRV TXHGiQGRVH VyOR D HVH QLYHO \D
TXHHOHVWXGLRFLHQWtFRWDQWRDQLYHODUWtVWLFR FRPR GHO FRQWHQLGR WHROyJLFR VH GHQH FRPR
LFRQRORJtD
(O FRQFHSWR GH LFRQRJUDItD YLHQH GHVGH OD KLVWRULD PLVPD GH ODV UHOLJLRQHV D SDUWLU GHO KHFKR GH
OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ ELGLPHQVLRQDO R WULGLPHQVLRQDO
GH ODV GHLGDGHV FRPR HQ HO FDVR GHO KLQGXLVPR
OD FXDO SRVHH XQD ULFD WUDGLFLyQ LFRQRJUiFD HQ
FRQWUDSDUWH GHO ,VODP TXH OLPLWD IpUUHDPHQWH ODV
representaciones
3RUVXSDUWHHQODUHOLJLyQFULVWLDQDHOtFRQRHVOD
HVHQFLD GH OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ WDQWR HQ XQ VHQWLGR
VDFUR FRPR GH RUQDPHQWDFLyQ WRPDQGR HVSHFLDO
DXJHDSDUWLUGHODpSRFDSDOHRFULVWLDQD\HYROXFLRQDQGRDORODUJRGHODKLVWRULD
/D LFRQRJUDItD UHFRQVWUX\H ODV LPiJHQHV D WUDYpV
'LFFLRQDULR(QFLFORSpGLFR/DURXVVH(G7UpERO&ROXPELD
SS
'LFFLRQDULR(QFLFORSpGLFR/DURXVVH,ELGHP
&$67,f(,5$6*RQ]iOH]0DQXHO$QWRQLRIntroduccin al mWRGRLFRQRJUiFR$ULHO%DUFHORQDS
$UTXHRORJtD0H[LFDQD0p[1R,FRQRJUDItD\DUWHS
DSDUWLUGHODFRPSDUDFLyQGHWHUPLQDHOVLJQLFDGR
GH PXFKRV HOHPHQWRV JUiFRV DGHPiV GH TXH VXV
HVWXGLRV VH HQIRFDQ SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ FXHVWLRQHV
SUHKLVSiQLFDV
$VtHQWLHQGR\RODLFRQRORJtDFRPRXQDLFRQRJUDItD
TXHVHKXELHUDYXHOWRLQWHUSUHWDWLYD\TXHSRUWDQWR
VHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQSDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGHOHVWXGLRGHO
DUWH/DLFRQRORJtDHVSXHVXQPpWRGRGHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTXHSURFHGHPiVELHQGHXQDVtQWHVLVTXH
GHXQDQiOLVLV<ORPLVPRTXHODLGHQWLFDFLyQFRUUHFWD GH ORV PRWLYRV HV HO UHTXLVLWR SUHYLR SDUD XQ
FRUUHFWRDQiOLVLV LFRQRJUiFR DVt WDPELpQHO DQiOLVLVFRUUHFWRGHODVLPiJHQHVKLVWRULDV\DOHJRUtDVHV
HO UHTXLVLWR SUHYLR SDUD XQD FRUUHFWD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
LFRQROyJLFD
5HYLVWD6HPLyWLFD-RXUQDORI7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO$VVRFLDWLRQ)RU
6HPLRWLF6W&KULVWLQH+DVHQPXHOOHUS
3$12)6.<((OVLJQLFDGRGHODVDUWHVYLVXDOHV0DGULG
$OLDQ]DS
$UTXHRORJtD0H[LFDQD0p[LFR1XP,FRQRJUDItD\DUWH
S
6(%$67,16DQWLDJRIconografa e Iconologa del Arte Novohispano,$]DEDFKH,WDOLDS
VHSDVDDODQiOLVLVSURSLDPHQWHLFRQRJUiFRDOWHPD
GHQRPLQDGR VHFXQGDULR R FRQYHQFLRQDO HO DVXQWR
FRQVWLWXLGR SRU OR TXH OODPDPRV LPiJHQHV KLVWRULDV R DOHJRUtDV (O WHPD PHUDPHQWH LFRQRJUiFR
TXHGD\DVLJQLFDWLYDPHQWHLQWUtQVHFRRFRQWHQLGR
HOTXHFRPSRUWDYDORUHVVLPEyOLFRVVHHQWUDDOFDPSRGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQLFRQROyJLFDD\XGDGRGHXQD
LQWXLFLyQVLQWpWLFDEDVDGDHQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODV
WHQGHQFLDV HVHQFLDOHV GH OD PHQWH KXPDQD VHJ~Q
ODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV GH SHUVRQDOLGDG SVLFROyJLFD \
GHHVStULWXGHODpSRFDVHEDVDHQHOFRQRFLPLHQWR
GH OD KLVWRULD GH ORV VtPERORV OD SHQHWUDFLyQ GH
ODV WHQGHQFLDV HVHQFLDOHV GH OD PHQWH KXPDQD
VHH[SUHVDSRUWHPDV\FRQFHSWRV9
VHUtDXQDGHVFULSFLyQSULPDULDLFRQRJUiFDGH
ODREUD
Secundario o convencional:
5HODFLyQ GH PRWLYRV DUWtVWLFRV \ VX FRPELQDFLyQ FRQ WHPDV \ FRQFHSWRV LPiJHQHV R
FRPELQDFLRQHVGHLPiJHQHVODLGHQWLFDFLyQ
GH WDOHV LPiJHQHV KLVWyULFDV \ DOHJyULFDV
FRQVWLWX\H HO FDPSR GH OD LFRQRJUDItD HQ
VHQWLGRHVWULFWR
&RQWHQLGR WHPiWLFR FRPR RSXHVWR D IRUPD R
FRQYHQFLRQDOLVPR HO PXQGR VH PDQLHVWD D
WUDYpVGHLPiJHQHVKLVWyULFDV\DOHJRUtDVSRU
RSRVLFLyQ D OD HVIHUD GHO FRQWHQLGR SULPDULR
R QDWXUDO TXH VH PDQLHVWD HQ PRWLYRV DUWtVWLFRV>@XQDQiOLVLVLFRQRJUiFRFRUUHFWRHQ
HOVHQWLGRPiVHVWULFWRSUHVXSRQHXQDLGHQWLFDFLyQFRUUHFWDGHORVPRWLYRV>@
6LJQLFDGRLQWUtQVHFRRFRQWHQLGR
6H SHUFLEH LQGDJDQGR DTXHOORV VXSXHVWRV TXH
UHYHODQ OD DFWLWXG EiVLFD GH XQD QRFLyQ XQ
SHULRGR XQD FODVH XQD FUHHQFLD UHOLJLRVD
R ORVyFD FXDOLFDGRV LQFRQVFLHQWHPHQWH
SRU XQD SHUVRQDOLGDG \ FRQGHQVDGRV HQ
XQDREUD
3$12)6.<(UZLQ,ELGHPS
3$12)6.<(UZLQ(VWXGLRV6REUH,FRQRORJtD$OLDQ]D0DGULG
S;;;,,
3$12)6.<(UZLQ,ELGS;;
3$12)6.<(UZLQ,ELGHPS
3$12)6.<(UZLQ,ELGHPS
3$12)6.<(UZLQ,ELGHPS
/DLFRQRJUDItDHQOD1XHYD(VSDxDHQHOVLJOR;9,VH
PDQLHVWDDSDUWLUGHODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHODPDQR
GH REUD LQGtJHQD HQ ORV GHFRUDGRV GH ODV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV FRQYHQWXDOHV VRQ ORV IUDQFLVFDQRV TXLHQHV
H[SORWDURQHVWDULTXH]DGHHVWLORVGHPDQHUDLPSRUWDQWHDXQTXHHVFODURTXHODVRWUDVyUGHQHVUHOLJLRVDV
WDPELpQVHYDOLHURQGHHOORV
6HGHEHWRPDUHQFXHQWDODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHLFRQRORJtD
HLFRQRJUDItD\DTXHODSULPHUDVHLQWHUQDHQXQHVWXGLRPXFKRPiVDPSOLRFRQXQFDUiFWHUPiVSURIXQGRHQFXDQWRDOHVWXGLRGHODIRUPDPLHQWUDVTXHOD
LFRQRJUDItDVHTXHGDHQHOQLYHOGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
WDOFRPRORPHQFLRQDHODXWRU6DQWLDJR6HEDVWLiQ
/DV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV GH OD UHDOLGDG GH
OR YLVLEOH \ OR FRJQRVFLEOH HVWDEOHFHQ XQD
QRWDEOH GLIHUHQFLD HQWUH OR TXH VH YH OD IRUPD \ OR TXH VH FRQRFH D WUDYpV GH OR TXH VH YH
VLJQLFDGR GHVFULEH \ FODVLFD ODV LPiJHQHV
6(%$67,16DQWLDJR,FRQRJUDItDH,FRQRORJtDGHO$UWH1RYRKLVSDQR$]DEDFKH,WDOLDS
KWWSZZZPHUFDEDRUJ'LF0$$DUWHKWP
(YROXFLyQGHORVtFRQRVUHOLJLRVRVDSDUWLU
'HODHGDGPHGLDVLJOR;,,DO;9,
Imgenes de:
http://www.mercaba.org/DicMA/A/arte.htm, 2006
1.2
- La Imagen Franciscana en el siglo
XVI en la Nueva Espaa y su funcin
primordial
$XQTXHKR\ODLFRQRJUDItDHVFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQ
TXHKDFHUSURSLRGHOKLVWRULDGRUGHODUWHHQODSUiFWLFD SRGHPRV GDUQRV FXHQWD TXH HV SHUIHFWDPHQWH
DSOLFDEOHDFXHVWLRQHVGHGLVHxRJUiFRSRUHOFDUiFWHU
GHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODVIRUPDV
(QHOKHFKRGHHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQHOHVWXGLRLFRQRJUiFRVHDSOLFDDXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHOVLJOR;9,GH
ODRUGHQIUDQFLVFDQDGXUDQWHODFRQTXLVWDHVSLULWXDO
GRQGHORVPRQMHVPHQGLFDQWHVSHGtDQDORVQDWLYRV
TXH LGHQWLFDUDQ \ H[SOLFDUDQ ODV FXULRVDV IRUPDV
UHSUHVHQWDGDVHQVXVPDQXVFULWRV
6L ELHQ HVWDV LQWHUSUHWDFLRQHV GDQ HO WHVWLPRQLR GHO LQWHUpV SRU HO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD FXOWXUD
TXH VH HVWDED VRPHWLHQGR HV LQHYLWDEOH DFHSWDU
TXH pVWDV HVWDEDQ GLVWRUVLRQDGDV HQ EDVH D ODV
QHFHVLGDGHV H[SHULHQFLD \ WHQGHQFLD GH ORV
HXURSHRV SHUR YLHQHQ D VHU FXHVWLRQHV GH
HVWXGLR IXQGDPHQWDOHV SDUD HO HVWXGLR PRGHUQR GHO
SDVDGRGH0p[LFR
/RVPRQMHVHQFRQMXQWRFRQORVWODFXLORVLQGtJHQDV
QRJHQHUDURQXQPpWRGRGHGLEXMRSDUDODGHFRUDFLyQ
GH ODV LJOHVLDV \ FRQYHQWRV SHUR VL SHUPLWLHURQ XQD
PH]FODGHHVWLORVSDUWLFXODUHQWUHORTXHORVLQGtJHQDVVDEtDQ\ORTXHDSUHQGLHURQJHQHUDQGRXQHVWLOR
GHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQSDUWLFXODUPHQWHGLIHUHQWH
(O FRQFHSWR GH ,PDJHQ HQ WpUPLQRV UHOLJLRVRV HV XQ WDQWR GLIHUHQWH DO TXH FRPXQPHQWH
VH PDQHMD HQ WpUPLQRV GH GLVHxR VL ELHQ HVWR
REHGHFH D VLWXDFLRQHV GH FDUiFWHU ORVyFR \
GRJPiWLFRUHSUHVHQWDQWDPELpQODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHV
YLVXDOHVSURSLDVGHHVWHJUXSR
6+$:1%7KH6KDSHRIFRQWHQW&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\0DVVDFKXVVHWVS
$O GHVDUUROODUVH WRGDV ODV DFWLYLGDGHV SULPRUGLDOHV GH OD HYDQJHOL]DFLyQ GHQWUR GHO
DWULR KXER OD QHFHVLGDG GH FUHDU XQ HOHPHQWR
FHQWUDO XQ SXQWR GH UHIHUHQFLD TXH SRU VX
FRQWHQLGRFULVWLDQROHGLHUDVHQWLGR\XQLGDGWDQWRDO
HVSDFLR DUTXLWHFWyQLFR FRPR D ODV DFWLYLGDGHV
UHOLJLRVDV GHVHPSHxDGDV HQ pO \ TXHPHMRU TXH
HO HPEOHPD XQLYHUVDO GHO FULVWLDQLVPR SDUD
HQFDUQDUHVWDIXQFLyQDVtGHVGHORVSULPHURVWLHP-
0HQGLHWD-HUyQLPR+LVWRULD(FOHVLiVWLFD,QGLDQD
SRVGHODFRORQLDODFUX]VHOHYDQWyPDMHVWXRVDHQHO
FHQWURGHORVDWULRV
/DV FUXFHV DWULDOHV HUDQ HVFXOSLGDV HQ
GLYHUVRV WLSRV GH SLHGUD SUHVHQWDQ OD IRUPD GH
FUX] ODWLQD PLGHQ GH XQR D WUHV PHWURV GH DOWXUD
VXVFXHUSRVSXHGHQVHUFXDGUDQJXODUHVRFWRJRQDOHV
RYRLGHV R WXEXODUHV \ OD PD\RUtD VH HQFXHQWUDQ
OHYDQWDGDV VREUH XQD JUDQ EDVH RFWRJRQDO R
FXDGUDGD
6LQ HPEDUJR OD RULJLQDOLGDG \ HO YDORU TXH
SRVHHQ HVWDV FUXFHV DWULDOHV VH GHEH D WUHV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVSHFtFDV
/D SULPHUD HV VX XELFDFLyQ HVSDFLDO
$OHVWDUODFUX]HQHOFHQWURGHODWULRFRPRHMH
GHOHVSDFLRVDJUDGRFRPRRUGHQDGRUD\RUJDQL]DGRUD GH OD UHDOLGDG FULVWLDQD HUD HO WHVWLPRQLRPDWHULDOGHODYROXQWDGGHORVPLVLRQHURV GH IXQGDU HQ HVWDV WLHUUDV XQ FULVWLDQLVPR
SULPLWLYRTXHJLUDUtDDOUHGHGRUGHODJXUDGH
&ULVWR\GHVXVHQVHxDQ]DV
KWWSZZZHSK\UDFRPFUXFHVLQGH[BHVBKWPO