There are various methods to calculate the longevity of a native through the chart.

Here are few methods.

1)Methods of 3 pairs
2)8th lord Placement
3)Method of 3 Lords
Methods of 3 Pairs:
We all know that 12 signs are divided as Movable, fixed and Dual signs. Movable
signs have high level of energy hence represents longer life, Fixed signs represents
low energy hence shorter life and finally we have Dual signs having middle energy
hence represents middle life. We all know human being are controlled by three male
shaktis which are bramha (Long life), Vishnu(middle life) and Maheswara(Short life).
In the Method of 3 pairs we need to check the following to arrive at the longevity
calculation:
1)The sign occupied by the lagna lord and the 8th house lord
2)The sign occupied by the lagna lord and the Hora Lagna
3)The Moon and the Saturn
If both the constituents of a pair are in the same type( ie Movable, dual or fixed) the
life span shown by it is taken. For example two pairs are showing Movable +
Movable this pair would constitute Long Life (Movable is long life). If 2 or more pairs
indicate the same category of longevity then this should considered as primary
longevity of teh chart.
If all the 3 pairs indicate different category that indicates by the pair of ascendant
and Hora Lagna should be taken into account for longevity calculation.
If Moon is placed in the 1st or 7th house the longevity indicated by the pair Moon
and saturn would prevail.
After determining the primary longevity the position of the Atma karaka in the
1st,3rd,7th or 9th may be checked to ascertain whether there is a Yoga Vipareetam.
This would state that if the initial primary longevity is middle life by the way of Yoga
Vipareetam the same is extended to Long life depending on the placement of the
8th lord. This means we have to taken into account the Atmakaraka placement and
also 8th lord placement.
Ayur Khandas are divided into 3:
1)Alpayush (0-36)

2)Madhayush(36-72)
3)Purnayush(72-108)

The 2nd Method is 8th lord Placement:

If the lord of the 8th house is placed in the following houses then this would decide
the longevity compartment.
First determine the stronger of the 8th house lords from the lagna and the 7th
house, the stronger would become rudra. The placement of Rudra in
kendra(1,4,7,10)
Succedent(2,5,8,11) or Precedent(3,6,9,12) results in the long,middle and short life.
Even the placement of the 8th lord from the Atmakaraka which is called Maheswara
is to be seen to check the longevity.
Method of 3 Lords:
Placement of the lords of the 1,10,8 and saturn. If the lords of these houses are very
well placed in the quadrant long life is indicate
If two are strong middle life and if only one is strong short life is indicate
If none are strong then it would considered Yoga rishta or Balarista which is from (012).
After having determined the longevity depending on the longevity compartment
obtained as per the Ayur dasas the first 4 signs come under short life, the next 4
signs under short life and last 4 signs under long life. From all this the death
inflicting dasa should be choosen. For this the shoola dasa has to be taken into
account.
Shool dasa:
More Malefics in a sign render it stronger to kill
A malefics sign is more capable of inflicting death
Malefic planets are worse than malefic conjuctons while benefic aspect of Jupiter of
Chara Atmakaraka may prevent the death
Sign occupied by Rudra or its trines
Sign occupied by the Sthira Karaka or its trines, the 8th lord or trines, Arudha lagna
Signs occupied by Maheswara
Sign conjoined/aspected by Moon and Venus and Mars

Longevity Analysis

I am writing this only for the sake of learning. It is not written for fun,
neither to do some prediction. As it is analysis for longevity, so I had used my
own chart, as predictions of longevity are not done in general. Kindly note that
I am just a student of vedic astrology, and the below is ONLY a sample analysis
from my side (with whatever little knowledge I possess). Kindly do not take it
in a negative way. This analysis might be of help to you, as I have used
different concepts that I studied and applied them. You may require my birth
data.

D.o.B 14 April, 1978

Time: 15:33 PM
Place of Birth New Delhi, India

Part I Marakas

Marakas:

Mercury (second Lord) and Saturn (seventh Lord)

Rahu (Placement of Malefic planet in second house)
Mars may be considered maraka, as it aspects 7th House with 8th Aspect,
though it is Yog Karaka for lagna

For good longevity, 2nd and 7th lord and houses should be weak and 3rd and 8th
Lord and houses should be strong.

In this chart, 3 of the marakas are weak

Mercury is weak (as it is debilitated), but learnt that Deb+retro gives some
effect of exaltation, so will be considering it strong
Saturn is weak (in first house, 00:12:22.09)
Mars (as it is debilitated)

Strong Maraka

Rahu (in second house at 11:31:27.44) It is in old age, and results will be
some (if it would have been at more than 12:00:00, the stage will be yuva and
results would be full).
Mercury will be considered strong, as it is both debilitated + retro and also
placed with malefic Ketu. Mercury is at 25:50:11.62

Part II Calculation of Rudra, Trishoola and Maheshwara

Rudra Consider the Lord of 8th house from lagna or 7th house. (Note that 8th
house is not considered in normal way here, it is on the basis of Brahama,
Vishnu and shiva motion). The stronger lord becomes Rudra. As Saturn is in leo,
so this is exception, so we will be taking 8th house in normal way.

Here Lagna is Leo 8th house from Leo is Pisces. Lord of Pisces is Jupiter.
Here 7th House is Aquarius 8th house from Aquarius is Virgo. Lord of Virgo is
Mercury.

Here mercury qualifies for Rudra (as it is debilitated and placed with ketu), if
considered other way round retro+deb = exaltation result, then also mercury will
qualify, I suppose, not sure.

Trishoola It is seen by trines from rashi occupied by Rudra. Rudra (Mer) is in

Pisces. So Trishoola Rashis becomes trines from Pisces i.e. Pi, Cn and Sc (1st,
5th and 9th from Pi respectively).

Maheshwara It is lord of 8th from AK though 3 exceptions are there. Since none
of exceptions are coming in this case, so they are not discussed here. In this
case Mercury is AK placed in Pisces. Now 8th house from Pisces is Libra. So Lord
of Libra, Venus becomes Maheshwara.

Part III Method of Three Pairs

Three pairs will be considered

Lagna Lord and Lord of 8th House (8th house is not be found in normal way),
but as Saturn exception is there, so 8th house will be found in normal way.
Moon and Saturn
Lagna and Hora Lagna

Lagna Lord (sun) + Lord of 8th house, in this case Pi (Ju) = Ar (movable) +
Ge (dual)
Moon + Saturn = Ge (dual) + Le (fixed)
Lagna + Hora Lagna = Le (fixed) + Cp (movable)

Now Let us see the results of above 3

Movable + Dual = short life

Dual + Fixed = Long Life
Fixed + Movable = Middle Life

Now as all the three are different, we will give preference to the combination
of Lagna and Hora Lagna i.e. Middle life (36-72 years)

Part IV Eigth Lord Method

In this method, we see stronger from Lagna and the 7th house and take it as
reference point. Then we see 8th lord from this reference point. Placement of
8th lord from reference point indicates longevity (quadrant, panaphara and
apoklima stands for long, middle and short life respectively)

Here Lagna is Leo and 7th House is Aquarius. Here Lagna is strong as 7th house
is empty. So reference point is Leo. Now see 8th Lord from Leo i.e. Pisces
(Jupiter). Now Jupiter is placed in 11th House from reference point Leo. This is
in Panaphara, so Middle life is indicated (36-72 years)

Part V Niryaana Shoola Dasha

We will find stronger of the 8th and 2nd house. Here 8th house is stronger, as
it contains 2 planets. So dasha will start from Pi. It is dual even rashi, so
dasas will go backward i.e pi (9 yrs), Aq(8 yrs), Cp (7 yrs), Sg(9 yrs), Sc(8
yrs), Li(7 yrs), Vi(9 yrs), Le(8 yrs), Cn(7 yrs), Ge(9 yrs), Ta(8 yrs), Ar(7
yrs)

9+8+7+9+8+7+9+8+7 = 72 years

Now Trishoola rashis calculated were Pi, Cn and Sc

As we estimated the middle life i.e.36-72 years, Dasha of Scorpio i.e.

9+8+7+9=33 years the Scorpio dasha will start, so native may have some
mis-happening in this phase i.e. from 33-41 years, and If being lucky at this
point Dasha of Cancer will start at 72 year, and that may cause mis-happening at
that time.
Sorry, but don't want to go much deeper in this aspect.
Request to Gurus / Senior Members Kindly correct me, If I had gone wrong at
any point. Your suggestions / comments will be helpful for clarifying the
concepts.