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EVALUATION OF LEACHATE

TREATMENT PLANT IN SUWUNG


LANDFILL DENPASAR CITY
Presented by :
Camelia Indah Murniwati and Tri Padmi

Department of Environmental Engineering


Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung

OUTLINE
Introduction

Objectives

Materials and Methods

Result and Discussion

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Suwung
Landfill

Leachate
Treatment Plant

Processing waste for Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan.


The main problem is the possibility of water pollution by leachate, the liquid
waste arising from the entry of external water into the landfill (Damanhuri, 2008).

The configuration of plant consists of anaerobic ponds, facultative ponds, aerobic


ponds, and constructed wetland.

KEP-51/MENLH/10/1995 on wastewater quality standard class II.

Regulation

OBJECTIVES
To know the quantity of leachate

To know the performance of each


unit in leachate treatment plant

To know the parameters of leachate


contaminants that have not met the
quality standard at the outlet

To know the the conformity of


leachate treatment design with the
design criteria

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Configuration of Leachate Treatment Plant

Leachate Generation
Moisture components at a sanitary landfill (Fenn et al., 1975)
Actual
Evapotranspiration

Precipitation
Surface Run Off

Vegetation
cover
Soil cover

Infiltration

Soil moisture
storage

Percolation
Solid waste
moisture
storage

Solid waste

Leachate collection
Liner

Leachate

Leachate Generation
Water balance calculations (Thornthwaite Method)
Calculate the percolation of water into the solid waste
System of water balance (Damanhuri, 2008)

Data
1. Climatology
Precipitation and temperatur
(1990 2000)
Position of meteorological
station (8o44 LS)
2. Landfill design
Effective landfill area (28 Ha)
Type and thickness of top
soil (Sandy loam, 60 cm)
Slope of surface (3%)

PET Adjusted = PET x Daylight Factor

RO = P x CRO
I = P - RO

i = Heat
Parameter
Temperature (oC)
Heat
PET
Daylight Factor
PET Adjusted
P (mm)
CRO
RO
I
I - PET
APWL
ST
ST
AET
PERC (mm)

Jan
28.40
13.87
174.36
1.07
186.56
405
0.125
51
354
168
0
100
-5
187
173

Feb
32.58
17.08
326.29
0.96
313.24
331
0.125
41
290
-24
-24
78
-22
312
0

Mar
31.38
16.13
274.93
1.04
285.93
194
0.125
24
170
-116
-140
24
-54
224
0

Apr
27.40
13.14
148.04
1.00
148.04
116
0.125
15
102
-47
-186
15
-9
111
0

May
28.00
13.58
163.43
1.02
166.69
76
0.125
10
67
-100
-287
5
-10
77
0

Jun
29.15
14.43
196.38
0.97
190.49
41
0.125
5
36
-155
-441
1
-4
40
0

Jul
27.45
13.17
149.28
1.01
150.77
22
0.125
3
19
-132
-573
1
0
19
0

Aug
26.60
12.56
129.31
1.02
131.90
6
0.125
1
5
-127
-699
1
0
5
0

Sep
27.25
13.03
144.38
1.00
144.38
24
0.125
3
21
-123
-823
1
0
21
0

Oct
28.20
13.72
168.82
1.05
177.26
131
0.125
16
115
-63
-885
1
0
115
0

Nov
28.75
14.13
184.38
1.04
191.76
227
0.125
28
199
7
0
8
7
192
0

Des
28.45
13.91
175.76
1.09
191.58
318
0.125
40
278
87
0
95
87
192
0

Total
168.74

2278.61
1891
236
1655

1492
173

Accumulated Potential Water Loss (APWL) = Negative (I PET)


AET = PET ; I PET
AET = I - ST ; I < PET
ST = 150 mm/m x 0.6 m = 90 mm = 100 mm
Soil Moisture Retention Table

PERC = I - PET - ST ; I PET


PERC = 0
; I < PET

PERC = 173 mm/year

Leachate generation (using graphic of annual leachate quantities (After Fenn et al., 1975)

28

Percolation of water into the solid waste


(PERC)
= 173 mm/year

173

50

Leachate quantity (Q) = 50 x 106 L/year


= 1.6 L/sec

Leachate Characteristics at Suwung Landfill


Characteristics of influent

* Puslitbang Permukiman Kementerian PU

The value of the leachate parameter in December 2010


is lower than in May 2011, especially for BOD and COD.
BOD/COD in December 2010 is 0.88 and in May 2011
is 0.44.
pH tends to be alkaline as typical of leachate in
Indonesia but the pH value still at a pH range, suitable
for biological life, 6 9.
Temperature is in the range of optimum temperature
for activity of bacteria, 25 35oC.
TDS and TSS value of leachate are relatively high in the
range of 10000 14000 mg/L for TDS and 100-700
mg/L for TSS (Chian & Dewalle, 1976).
The ratio of BOD : N : P is 100 : 12.4 : 0.02.
The leachate of Suwung Landfill also contain other
contaminants such as metals.

32,5
32
31,5
31
30,5
30
29,5
29
28,5
28
27,5

Dec-10

Anaerobic
Influent

May-11

Anaerobic Facultative
Effluent
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

Temperature of leachate is in the range of


optimum temperature (25 35 oC).

Dec-10

May-11

8,5
8

pH

Temperature (oC)

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit

7,5
7
6,5
Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic
Effluent

Facultative
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

pH of leachate is in the range of suitable pH for


biological life (6 9).

TSS (mg/L)

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit


1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

Dec-10

May-11
Not comply with quality
standard (400 mg/L)

Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic
Effluent

Facultative
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

Not comply with quality standard (4000 mg/L)

25000

TDS (mg/L)

20000

Dec-10

May-11

15000
10000
5000
0
Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic Facultative
Effluent
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

TSS increase at the outlet of facultative pond probably because of algae at the surface of the pond or excess sludge
at the bottom of the pond.
TSS increase at the outlet of constructed wetland, probably because of the saturated constructed wetland or the
remains of dead plants, carried over into the waste water stream.
TDS increase until the end of treatment because of the entering sea water into the plant when tidal.

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit


4000

Dec-10

May-11

BOD (mg/L)

3500
3000
Not comply
with quality
standard
(150 mg/L)

2500
2000

1500
1000
500
0
Anaerobic Facultative
Effluent
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

COD (mg/L)

Anaerobic
Influent

9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Dec-10

May-11

Not comply
with quality
standard
(300 mg/L)

Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic Facultative
Effluent
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

BOD and COD in December 2010 are lower than BOD and COD in May 2011.
BOD and COD increase at constructed wetland outlet, probably caused by the absence of vegetation in the land
and there may be remnants of organic matter that comes from the dead plants.

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit


BOD Removal (%)

100,00

Dec-10

May-11

80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
0,00
Anaerobic
Pond

Facultative
Pond

Aerobic Pond Constructed


Wetland

COD Removal (%)

80,00
Dec-10

70,00

May-11

60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
Anaerobic
Pond

Facultative
Pond

Aerobic Pond Constructed


Wetland

BOD and COD removal efficiency are the main indicator of performance of leachate treatment by biological
process such as stabilization ponds and constructed wetland.
In general, BOD and COD removal efficiency in every unit of leachate treatment are very low causing BOD and
COD at the outlet of treatment plant do not comply with the quality standard.

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit


Organic Nitrogen
(mg NH3-N/L)

700
May-11

600
500

The high organic nitrogen at the beginning of the


treatment shows that leachate comes from new landfill.

400
300
200
100
0

Ammonia (mg NH3-N/L)

Anaerobic Anaerobic Facultative


Influent
Effluent
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

60
Dec-10

May-11

50

Ammonia decrease until the end of the treatment


and have met the quality standard.

40
30

20

Protein (organic nitrogen) + bacteria NH3

10
0
Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic
Effluent

Facultative
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit


Not comply with quality
standard (3 mg/L)

Nitrite (mg NO2-N/L)

12
Dec-10

May-11

In May 2011, Nitrite at the outlet of constructed


wetland has not met the quality standard.

10
8
6
4

bacteria

2NH3 + 3O2 2NO2- + 2H+ 2H2O

Nitrate (mg NO3-N/L)

Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic
Effluent

Facultative
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Dec-10

25

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

May-11

20

Nitrate decrease until the end of the treatment and


have met the quality standard.

15
10
5
0
Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic Facultative
Effluent
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

bacteria

2NO2- + O2 2NO3-

Performance of Leachate Treatment Unit


40
Dec-10

35

May-11

Fe (mg/L)

30

The value of iron decreases until the


end of treatment.
The effluent of contructed wetland
already contains iron which is under the
quality standard.

25
20
15

10
5
0
Anaerobic
Influent

Anaerobic
Effluent

Facultative
Effluent

Aerobic
Effluent

Constructed
Wetland
Effluent

8
Influen IPL

Efluen IPL

Heavy metals at the outlet have met


the quality standard
High pH value (more than 8) causes
the metal ions precipitated.

mg/L

5
4
3
2
1
0
Copper (Cu)

Zinc (Zn)

Total Chrom
(Cr)

Cadmium
(Cd)

Lead (Pb)

The Conformity of Leachate Treatment Design with The Design Criteria


Parameter

Unit

Existing
Condition

Design Criteria

Info*

Source

m
day
kg/m3.day
%

2.5
17.6
0.21
38.21 / 17.66

2.5 5
25
0.3
60 90

V
V
V
X

Qasim, 1985
WHO, 1987
WHO, 1987
Qasim, 1985

m
day
kg/ha.day
%

0.4 0.75
2
6050.5
5.30 / 86.69

12
7 50
15 120
70 95

X
X
X
X

Qasim, 1985
Benefield & Randall, 1980
Qasim, 1985
Benefield & Randall, 1980

m
day
kg/ha.day
%

1.4
2.1
2691.25
12.02 / 0.17

0.3 1.0
5 20
40 120
40 80

X
X
X
X

Qasim, 1985
Qasim, 1985
Qasim, 1985
Qasim, 1985

day

Crites & Tchobanoglous, 1998

m
m
kg/ha.day
m3/m2.day
ha/(103m3/day)
%

1.5
1.3
1789.67
0.446
0.224
9.35 / 0

3 4 (BOD)
6 10 (N)
0.3 0.6
0.5 0.8
< 112
0.015 0.05
2.2 7.2
65 88

X
X
X
X
X
X

Crites & Tchobanoglous, 1998


Crites & Tchobanoglous, 1998
Crites& Tchobanoglous, 1998
Metcalf & Eddy, 2004
Metcalf & Eddy, 2004
Crites & Tchobanoglous, 1998

Anaerobic Pond
Depth
Min. Detention Time
Organic Loading Rate
BOD Removal
Facultative Pond
Depth
Detention Time
Organic Loading Rate
BOD Removal
Aerobic Pond
Depth
Detention Time
Organic Loading Rate
BOD Removal
Constr. Wetland
Detention Time
Water Depth
Thickness of Media
BOD Loading
Hidraulic Loading
Specific Area
BOD Removal

*V : comply with design criteria


X : not comply with design criteria

Alternative of Redesign
The addition of equalization basin unit before the anaerobic
pond unit.
The addition of by-pass channel that connects directly the
equalization basin to the facultative pond without passing
through the anaerobic pond.
Redesign the facultative pond unit and aerobic pond unit by
adjusting the depth of the pond in accordance with the design
criteria and expand the pond if the land is available or
redesign existing facultative pond becomes aerated
facultative lagoon.
Redesign constructed wetland unit with the appropriate type
and selection of suitable plants for treating leachate.

CONCLUSION
The quantity of leachate from Suwung Landfill is 1.6 L/s.

The concentration of leachate characteristics from


Suwung Landfill in Desember 2010 is lower than the
concentration in May 2011.
The pollutant removal efficiency of leachate treatment
plant at Suwung Landfill is low.

In May 2011, the value of TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, and


nitrite has not met the quality standard.
Leachate treatment design for facultative ponds, aerobic
ponds, and constructed wetlands do not comply to the
design criteria.

THANK YOU...

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