Lock / Sluice

Ecluz

= connection between two zones of a fluid or two different fluids

navigation lock: hydraulic structure for raising and lowering
ships between stretches of water of different levels

Principle scheme:
chamber
h b with
ith variable
i bl llevell = sas
lock ends/heads
= porturi de ateptare
pools
system for filling-emptying

upstream
t
pooll

upstream
head

Locks
chamber

downstream
head

downstream pool

mooring structure
guiding
structure
upstream gate

chamber floor

panama html
panama.html

chamber wall

downstream gate

(Waiting) Pools
Allow the ship/convoy to wait for allowance of entry
Structure: reinforced concrete walls
walls, pile planking walls
walls,
piles, others
Role of the guard wall / guidance structures: directing
the ship at entrance
mechanical: action reaction
optical: (land)mark for steersman

Porturi de a teptare - Volkerak - Olanda

Guiding structures The Netherlands

Guiding structures The

Th N
Netherlands
th l d

Structuri de ghidaj - Agigea

Structuri de ghidaj - Ovidiu

Structuri de ghidaj Dietfurt / Germania

Porile de Fier I

Systems for filling-emptying

filling emptying
= complex of hydraulic circuits and auxiliary
installations to control the water level in the
chamber in any moment of operation
concentrated

inlet

through the upstream end (galleries

aside
id th
the gates)
t )
through/under/above gate

distributed

longitudinal galleries through walls

longitudinal galleries through floor
longitudinal galleries through walls and
transversal galleries through floor

Systems for
filling-emptying

Sisteme de alimentare
alimentare-golire
golire / PF I

Eibach lock
saving
i b
basins
i

Ecluza Schwanstetten- bazine economizoare

Emdem Germany 1920

Structural systems
vat,
vat tub
cuv

independent
walls

Dry dock Constana shipyard

Sisteme constructive

Sisteme constructive

Ecluza pe Canal Midi - 1667-1681

Staircase locks
Ecluze n trepte
pe Canal
C
l Midi
1667-1681

Structure
Computation problems
loads

o own weight + useful parts (gates, equipments, others)

o water (hydrostatic inside & outside, hydrodynamic)

p
o earth pressure
o ice thrust [pressure] (on walls and gates)
o ship action (impact, traction in bollards)
o thermal loads (erection,
(erection operation)
o water pressure in fissures / cracks
o earthquake

combinations

o operation (water in chamber at

minimum/maximum level)
o repairs inside (empty chamber)
o repairs outside (full chamber)

Structure design
Determining sizes
functional
structural

how wide, tall, capacity, etc.

o generall stability
t bilit ((structure
t t
+
foundation)
o stabilityy of structure on g
ground
o stability of elements = strength

Functional design
Determining sizes
ship

length: L = 13 + N m
width: Bs = 8 + 0.05N m
pescaj
draught T = 2.5 m

navigation
g

water depth h = T + ri
r1= dynamic sinking = 0.2 m
r2= safety reserve = 0.4
04m
r3= waves reserve = 0.2 m

r1= afundare
f d
di
dinamic
i
r2= rezerv de siguran = 0,4 m la structuri de beton
r3= rezerv de valuri

Functional design
Determining sizes
chamber

width: devices for shock absorption

width reserve
B = (1.08...1,10) Bs
H = h + R + guard

R = rise = cdere

R = difference between
highest upstream level and
lowest downstream level
guard = (nlime de) gard

channel

highest upstream level = 12 + 1.1N

1 1N (m)
lowest downstream level = N (m)

Soil characteristics
Characteristics
thickness (m)
material
density (t/m3)
internal friction

Layer 1

Layer 2

9
sand + gravel
1.80

30
sandy clay
1.85

30

17

Underground
g
water level

Static analysis using Finite Element Method

repairs inside

operation

(other) Loads
o own weight
MP,DENS,1,value

A ship's displacement or
displacement tonnage, a term usually
applied
li d only
l tto navall vessels,
l iis th
the
weight of the water that a ship displaces
when it is floating. The term is defined
ordinarilyy such that the ship's
p fuel tanks
are full and all stores are aboard

ACEL,,9.81
,,
o ship loads
W Bs T L w
shock Ni = 0.9 x W2/3 (kN)
where W = displacement of ship (to) = deplasament
traction of bollards
Ship displacement (tdw)
Shipdisplacement(tdw)

Rope traction (kN)

Ropetraction(kN)

100
110 500
510 1000
1100 2000
2100 5000

50
100
150
200
250

Concentrated loads

shock 1 m above
maximum water level

traction at
maximum water level