Balance sheet

A financial statement that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and

shareholders' equity at a specific point in time. These three balance sheet segments
give investors an idea as to what the company owns and owes, as well as the
amount invested by the shareholders.
The balance sheet must follow the following formula:
Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity
It's called a balance sheet because the two sides balance out

Contract
a contract (or informally known as an agreement in some jurisdictions) is an
agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties,
each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them

Diode
A diode is an electrical device allowing current to move through it in one direction with far
greater ease than in the other. The most common kind of diode in modern circuit design is
the semiconductor diode, although other diode technologies exist. Semiconductor diodes
are symbolized in schematic diagrams such as Figure below. The term diode is
customarily reserved for small signal devices, I 1 A. The termrectifier is used for power
devices, I > 1 A.

Semiconductor diode schematic symbol: Arrows indicate the direction of electron current
flow.

When placed in a simple battery-lamp circuit, the diode will either allow or prevent current
through the lamp, depending on the polarity of the applied voltage. (Figure below)

Diode operation: (a) Current flow is permitted; the diode is forward biased. (b) Current flow
is prohibited; the diode is reversed biased.

clock
Most complex digital circuits are sequential, where the logic is performed in discrete
steps (such as a computer). A timing pulse signal (called a clock) is used to control
the operational steps and keep all the circuitry in proper sequence. (An example of
a common clocked circuit element is a flip-flip.) This clock is a digital pulse train and
normally operates at a constant high frequency, limited only by the operational
speed and propagation delay of the various circuit paths. The clock has to allow
enough time for all the circuits to settle to their new state before the next clock
arrives.
The clock can be generated by a simple RC relaxation oscillator, or by crystal
oscillators if the frequency is critical to maintain an accurate time sequence for the
logic outputs.

Thevenin's Theorem
Any combination of batteries and resistances with two terminals can be replaced by a
single voltage source e and a single series resistor r. The value ofe is the open circuit
voltage at the terminals, and the value of r is e divided by the current with the
terminals short circuited.

Norton's Theorem
Any collection of batteries and resistances with two terminals is electrically
equivalent to an ideal current source i in parallel with a single resistor r. The value
of r is the same as that in the Thevenin equivalent and the current i can be found by
dividing the open circuit voltage by r.

Electronics engineering, or electronic engineering, is an engineering

discipline which utilizes non-linear and active electrical components (such as
electron tubes, and semiconductor devices, especially transistors, diodes and
integrated circuits) to design electronic circuits, devices and systems. The discipline
typically also designs passive electrical components, usually based on printed
circuit boards.