Good Construction Practices Part II

This report is solely for the internal use. No part of it may be circulated, quoted, or reproduced for distribution outside the company organization without prior written
approval from ACC Limited. This material was used during an oral presentation; it is not a complete record of the discussion.

Curing

Very necessary for strength and durability of
concrete structure

Do not start plastering before completion of
Brickwork curing.

2
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Curing

By Hessian Clothes for columns & sides of beams

Ponding on flat horizontal surface.

3
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Curing

4
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

5
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

6
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Strength and Curing

moist cured entire time

Strength

in air after 7 days

100%

in air after 3 days

in air entire time

28

time
7

ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Brickwork
How to choose Bricks?

All bricks should be of same size and color

Bricks should be properly baked.

If a brick is dropped from a height of 1 m,
it should not break.

Correct Practice:

Bricks should be immersed in water at least
two hours before use.

Cement to sand proportion should be 1:5.

Use the Mixed material within half n hour of
mixing, otherwise it start loosing strength.

Maximum 1 m work should be done in a day.

All joints should be raked properly.
8
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Mortar and Plaster

Even though mortar makes up as little as 7% of the total volume

of a masonry wall, it plays a crucial role in the performance of the

structure.

It not only bonds the individual units together, but it also seals

the building against moisture and air penetration. It can be used

to bond to anchors, ties or reinforcing.

The mortar is literally the glue that holds the wall system

together.

The primary ingredient in mortar is Portland cement. Since

Portland cement is also used in concrete, we need to make a few

distinctions here.

9
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Mortar

Concrete is formulated to become a solid monolithic wall

system by itself.

The most important characteristic of concrete is

compressive strength.

Mortar, on the other hand, is formulated to bind masonry

units together.

There are several properties of mortar that can influence

bond strength and durability.

The most important qualities of mortar are bond strength

and durability.
10
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Requirements of mortar

The single most important property of mortar is bond

strength,.

It is critical that this bond be complete, strong, and

durable.

The mechanical bond between individual bricks, blocks, or

stones unifies the wall as a system, provides resistance to

tensile stress, and seals against the penetration of
moisture.

11
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Factors affecting mortar properties

The strength and extent of the bond are affected by many

variables of material and workmanship.

Complete and intimate contact between the mortar and

the unit is essential,

Workability influences the ease with which the mortar

spreads and covers the surfaces.

Rough units have a very porous surface that is highly

receptive to the wet mortar and increases adhesion

12
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Factors affecting mortar properties

The moisture content and suction of the units, the

water retention of the mortar.

Curing conditions such as temperature, relative

humidity, and wind combine to influence the

completeness and integrity of the mechanical and
chemical bond.

Voids at the mortar-to-unit interface offer little

resistance to water infiltration and facilitate

subsequent disintegration

In aligning the masonry, laboratory tests show that

tapping the unit to level will increase bond strength

50 to 100% over hand pressure alone
13
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Factors affecting mortar properties

Often overlooked is the size/shape of mortar joints in

that the ultimate compressive load capacity of a typical

3/8 in. bed joint will probably be well over twice the
value obtained when the mortar is tested as a 2 in.
(50.8 mm) cube.

Mortars should typically be weaker than the masonry

units, so that any cracks will occur in the mortar joints
where they can more easily be repaired.

14
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Factors affecting mortar properties

Compressive strength of mortar increases with an increase

in cement content and decreases with an increase lime,

sand, water or air content.

Retempering is associated with a decrease in mortar

compressive strength.

The amount of the reduction increases with water addition

and time between mixing and retempering.

It is frequently desirable to sacrifice some compressive

strength of the mortar in favor of improved bond,

consequently retempering within reasonable time limits is
recommended to improve bond.

15
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

RCC Band at 1 m height which should be of 4

thick with two bars of minimum 8 mm

Avoid corner windows in Load bearing structures

16
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

17
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

18
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Surface Preparation

Before plastering concrete surface should be

hacked properly ( Minimum 50 per sq.ft.)

It is advisable to apply a base coat of cement

paste on concrete surface, and cure it for three

days to have a better bonding .

A brick wall should be made wet a day before

plastering

19
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Surface Properties required

The surface to be plastered should be accurately positioned

overall and zones should not deviate excessively from a

plane (or curved) surface.

Ideally, the substrate should be rough; absorbent to a

limited extent; strong; and clean, i.e. free of any film, such
as dust, oil or paint, that could impair bond between
plaster and substrate..

Roughness improves adhesion by providing a positive

key for plaster to grip. Absorption removes the water

film, between substrate and plaster, that would tend to
weaken adhesion. Excessive absorption will however dry
out the

The strength of the substrate material should be greater

than, or equal to, that of the hardened plaster.

20
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Surface Preparation

Background surfaces should ideally be at least as

rough as coarse sandpaper or rough-sawn

timber.

Surface roughness can be achieved in one of the

following ways:

Using formwork with a rough surface,

Stripping formwork early and wire brushing
concrete
Hacking
Abrasive blasting (e.g. sand blasting)
Applying a spatter dash layer

21
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Surface Preparation

Spatter dash is a mixture of one part of cement to one and

a half parts of coarse sand with enough water for

sluggishly pourable consistence.

The mixture is thrown forcibly on to the wall, using a scoop

or a brush with long, stiff bristles. (The impact drives out

the water film at the interface between spatterdash and
substrate and hence improves adhesion.)

The Spatterdash should cover the substrate surface

completely and form a rough texture with nodules about5

mm high.

Spatterdash must not be allowed to dry out for at least

three days.

22
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Absorption

Assess absorptiveness by throwing about a cupful of water

against the surface.

The surface will fall into one of the three categories:

No water is absorbed.

Some water is absorbed but most runs off.

Most of the water is absorbed.

First type of surfaces, include hard-burnt clay face bricks,
glazed bricks and very dense high-strength concrete,
should be prepared by applying a spatter dash

Second type of surfaces should not require any treatment

to control suction.

Third type of surfaces should be wetted thoroughly and

then allowed to become surface dry before the plaster is

applied.

23
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Surface - Monolithic concrete.

Provide a rough surface by using rough-textured

formwork, early stripping of formwork and wire brushing

the concrete,

hacking or abrasive blasting. (If none of these is

practicable, apply a spatter dash coat after ensuring that

the surface is clean.)

Ensure that no form-release oil is left on the surface to be

plastered. Clean down by water jetting or vacuuming.

Conventional structural concrete should not require wetting

to control suction. High-strength concrete may require the

application of a spatter dash coat.

24
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Surface - Brickwork

Burnt clay brickwork

If the surface is dusty, clean by brushing, water jetting

Burnt clay stock bricks normally have a very high
suction; pre-wet the wall and allow it to become surface
dry before applying the plaster.

Sun dried or poorly burnt soft clay brickwork

This type of walling may be found in very old buildings,

usually when restoration or repairs are being done.
Care should be taken when removing the old plaster so
as not to damage the bricks. Protect the wall from rain
water once the bricks are exposed.
Rake out the joints about 10 mm deep (the mortar is
normally very soft).
Brush down the wall to remove any loosely adhering
material.
Lightly dampen the wall and apply a spatter dash coat
that improve adhesion.
25

ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

Very Smooth Surface Result in to Poor Bonding.

Use Bonding agent Or Hack the surface at close spacing

ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26

26.06.2010

Surface making.

27
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

28
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

29
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010

30
ACC Limited

Good construction practices

26.06.2010