AUTORES:

ANABEL JULIANA VARHEN VILELA

TAREA:

CENTRO DE
GRAVEDAD
INVESTIGAR LA
DIFERENCIA
ENTRE EL CENTRO DE
MASA, CENTRO DE
GRAVEDAD
Y
CENTROIDE.

AO DE LA DIVERSIFICACIN PRODUCTIVA Y DEL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA EDUCACIN

ALUMNO

VARHEN VILELA ANABEL JULIANA

CARRERA

INGENIERA DE SISTEMAS

TEMA DE INVESTIGACIN

INVESTIGAR LA DIFERENCIA ENTRE

EL CENTRO DE MASA, CENTRO DE
CENTROIDE.

CURSO

FISICA II

CICLO

VIII

DOCENTE

AO

PEDRO OSWALDO BELTRAN CANESSA

- 2015 -

GRAVEDAD Y

IIIIIIIIIIII
II IIIIII, II IIIIIII III IIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII II II IIIIII, IIIII IIIII IIIIII IIIIII IIIIIIIII IIII II
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IIIIIIIIIIII III IIIII IIII IIIIIIIII III III IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII II IIII IIIIIII III IIIIIIIII.

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, IIII II, II IIIIII IIII III IIIIII, IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II

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, III III II III III IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII, IIII II IIIIII II II IIIIII.

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IIIII. II IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII III II I.I. II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII (III) IIIIII II II IIII II IIIII.
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II IIIII IIIIIIIIIII, II IIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII I II IIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII IIIIIII IIIIIIII III
IIIIIIII III II IIIIIII I III IIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII.
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II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII IIIII IIII III II IIIII IIIIII III IIIIII III:

IIIII I II II IIII IIIII III IIIIII I

IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIII.

II II IIIII gravitatorio uniforme, II IIIII, III II III II IIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII

II II IIIII II IIIII III IIIIII, II

IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIII I II IIIIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIII:

II II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIII III II IIIIII IIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIIIIII III III IIIIII IIIIIIIII III III
IIIIIIIIIII III IIIIII I III IIIIII IIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIII IIII III:

Ejemplo. IIII III IIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII I, IIIIIIIII IIIII II IIIIIII IIIIII, I IIII IIIIII II IIII IIIII III
IIIIIIIII II.I.,III IIIIII III IIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIII IIII IIIIIII I III IIIIIIIII III IIIIII III IIIIIII IIII
III:

II IIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIIII II IIIII I II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIII II IIII IIII I III II IIIIIII II II IIIII III IIIIIII II
IIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII III IIIII IIIIIIIIII III II IIIIIII III IIIIIII .

CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD

IIIIII II IIIII
II IIIIII II IIIII II II IIIIIII IIIIIIII I IIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII IIII II II II IIIIIIIII IIIIIIII II
IIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIII. II IIIIII IIIIIII, II IIIII IIIII III II IIIIIII IIIIIII III IIII II IIII IIIIIIIIIII II II
IIIIII II IIIII II II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII. IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIII I.I.
II II IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIIII II II IIIII IIIII, I IIIIIII IIIIIIIIII, II IIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIII II
IIII III IIIIIII. II IIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIII IIIIIIII IIIIIII II III III II II IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIII II IIII. III IIIIIII,
II III IIIIIII II III IIIIIIII.
II II IIIIII, II IIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII I II IIIIII II IIIII IIIIII, IIII IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII, IIIIIIIII IIIII II. II IIIII IIIII
II IIIII IIIIIIII III IIIIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII, IIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII. II IIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII
III IIIIIII II II IIIII III IIIIIII; II IIIIII II IIIII IIIIIII II II IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIII, IIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIIII
IIIIIII III IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII. III IIIIIIIII III:
II IIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIII III II IIIIIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIIIIIII I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIII II II IIIIIII IIIII IIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII, IIIII IIII IIIIIIII.
II IIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII, IIIIII II IIIIIII II IIIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII (II IIIIII I II
IIIIIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIII).
IIIIIII III I.I. II II IIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIII
IIII II IIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIII, IIIIIII III II IIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIII II IIIII IIIIIIII IIII:

, masa total del sistema de partculas.

, masa de la partcula i-sima.
, vector de posicin de la masa i-sima respecto al sistema de referencia supuesto.
Un poco ms explcito si A1,... An son n puntos, y m1,... mn n nmeros (m como masa). Entonces el centro
de masa de los (Ai, mi) es el punto G definido como sigue:

Esta definicin no depende del punto O, que puede ser cualquiera. Si se toma el origen del plano o del
espacio, se obtienen las coordenadas del baricentro como promedio ponderado por los m i de las
coordenadas de los puntos Ai:

La definicin anterior equivale a la frmula siguiente, ms prctica para el clculo vectorial, pues
prescinde de las fracciones (se obtiene tomando O = G):

Distribucin cuasidiscreta de materia

En el caso de un sistema de cuerpos cuasipuntuales, o cuerpos que distan entre s mucho ms que las
dimensiones de cada uno de los cuerpos, el clculo anterior resulta bastante aproximado.

Distribucin continua de materia

Para sistemas de masas continuos o distribuciones continuas de materia debemos recurrir al Clculo
Infinitesimal e Integral, de modo que la expresin anterior se escribe en la forma:

Distribucin de masa homognea: Si la masa est distribuida homogneamente, la densidad ser

constante por lo que se puede sacar fuera de la integral haciendo uso de la relacin
siguiente:

siendo V el volumen total.

Para cuerpos bidimensionales (superficies) o monodimensionales (lneas) se trabajar con densidades

superficiales y longitudinales respectivamente.
Para el caso de cuerpos con densidad uniforme, el c.m. coincidir con el centroide del cuerpo.

Distribucin de masa no homognea: Los centros de masas en cuerpos de densidad variable

pueden calcularse si se conoce la funcin de densidad

. En este caso se calcula el centro de

masas de la siguiente forma.

Para calcular la integral hay que conocer la funcin de densidad.

CENTROIDE
En geometra, el centroide o baricentro de un objeto X perteneciente a un espacio n-dimensional es la interseccin
de todos los hiperplanos que dividen a X en dos partes de igual n-volumen con respecto al hiperplano.
En la Fsica, el centroide, el centro de gravedad y el centro de masas pueden, bajo ciertas circunstancias, coincidir
entre s, aunque designan conceptos diferentes. El centroide es un concepto puramente geomtrico que depende
de la forma del sistema; el centro de masas depende de la distribucin de materia, mientras que el centro de
gravedad depende del campo gravitatorio.
Consideremos un cuerpo material:
Para que el centroide del cuerpo coincida con el centro de masa, el cuerpo debe tener densidad uniforme o una
distribucin de materia que presente ciertas propiedades, tales como la simetra.
Para que un centro de masa del cuerpo coincida con el centro de gravedad, el cuerpo debe estar bajo la influencia
de un campo gravitatorio uniforme.
Una figura cncava puede tener su centroide en un punto situado fuera de la misma figura. El centroide de una
lmina con forma de cuarto de Luna estar en algn punto fuera de la lmina.
El centroide de un tringulo (tambin llamado baricentro) se encuentra en el punto donde se intersecan sus
transversales de gravedad (lneas que unen un vrtice con el punto medio del lado opuesto). Este punto es
tambin el centroide de la superficie del tringulo.
CENTRO DE SIMETRA
El centro de simetra de una figura geomtrica es el centroide.
El centroide de un objeto o figura tambin puede definirse como un punto fijo del grupo de isometra de dicha
figura. Para un objeto, figura limitada o regin finita el grupo de isometra no incluye traslaciones y en ese caso si
el grupo de isometra no es trivial, sus simetras pueden determinar el centroide.
Sin embargo si para un objeto tiene alguna simetra traslacional el centroide no est definido, porque una
traslacin no tiene ningn punto fijo.

Centroide de un tringulo, como interseccin de las medianas del tringulo.

CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD

II IIIIIIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIII, IIIII II IIIIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIIIII, IIIIIII I IIIIIIIIII. II
IIIII IIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII III IIIIIII II IIIIII II II IIIIII.

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III IIII IIIIII, III IIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII.
II IIIIII II IIII (II IIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIIII IIII II IIIII IIIIIIII III II IIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIII) IIII
IIIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII III II IIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIIIII I IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII.

II IIIIII IIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIII, III IIII IIIII, IIIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII IIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII (I, III II IIIII,
II IIIIIIIII) I II II IIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIII III IIIIIII II IIIIIIIII.
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IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII. III IIIIIIIIIIIIII II IIII III III IIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIII (II).
II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIII II II IIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIII II IIII II II IIIIII I II II IIIIIII.
III II II IIIIII IIII II IIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIII II IIIII IIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII. IIIIIII IIIII II IIIIII II IIII II IIIIIIII IIII II
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III IIIIIIIIIII III II IIII III (III, ; III)
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II IIII IIIII II IIII II IIII II IIIII IIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIII II IIIIIIII.
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II II IIIIIII I, IIIIII II IIIII II III II III IIIII IIIIII, II IIIIIIIIII I III IIIIII II IIII IIIIII. IIIII IIIIII IIIII IIIIIIII III
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IIII.- II II IIIIIIIIIII IIIIII I II IIIIIIII II II IIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIII I II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIII.
IIII IIIII II IIIII IIIIII, II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIII II III III II IIIIII II IIIIII III IIIIII
IIII II IIII (II) IIIII II IIIII IIIII III IIIIII II II IIIIII.
II IIIIIII IIIII, II IIIIII II IIII I II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIIII III IIIIIIII. III IIIIIII, IIII II IIIIII
IIIIIIII, IIIIIIIII IIII IIII IIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIII IIII II II IIIIII IIIIIIIIII (I IIIIII II IIIIIIII). II II
IIIIIII I II II III III IIIII II III IIIIIIII II II IIII IIII IIIIIII, III IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIII II III II IIIIII II IIII IIIIIIIII I II
IIIII III IIIIII IIIII IIIII.
II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII I III II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIII (III III IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIII). II IIIIIII IIIII, II IIIIII II IIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII. III IIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII II IIIII
IIIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIII ( IIIIII ). II IIIIIIII IIIIIII II
IIIIIII, III IIIIIIIIIIIII II III II IIIIII II IIII (I II IIIIII II IIIIIIII) IIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIII III IIIII II IIIIIIIIII. IIII II
IIIIII II IIII II IIIIII IIII II IIIII II II IIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIII IIIIIIIIIII IIII II IIII II II IIIIII, IIII II IIIIIII I III
IIIIIIIII II IIII IIIIIIIIII II III IIIIII. II IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII II III I III IIIIII I IIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIII III III IIII
IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIII, IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIII II IIIII II IIIIIIIIIIII II III IIIIII.
II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII IIIII IIIIII IIIII III IIIIII III IIIIII. II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII IIIIIIIII IIII II II IIIIII. II IIII
II IIIIIIIII IIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIIII III II IIII II III IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII I IIIIII III IIIIII, I III IIIIIIII II
IIIIII II IIII IIII II II IIIIII. IIII II IIIIII II IIIII II I III IIIII IIIIIII II IIIIII II IIII IIIII II III IIIII III IIIII II IIIIII
II III III III IIIII. II IIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII II I IIIII II IIIII II III II III IIIII, I II IIIII II
IIIII II IIIII IIIIIIII I IIIIII II III IIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIII.
II IIIIII III II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIII I IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII IIIIIII II II IIIIIIIIIIII II II IIII. III II IIIII, IIII II
IIIIII IIIIIIII IIII II II IIIIII IIIIII, II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIII I IIIIII III II IIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIIII
(IIIIIIIIIIII II IIII).
IIII IIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIII III IIIIIIIIII:
II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII IIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII II III I III IIIIII. II II (I II II)
IIIIII IIIII III IIIII IIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIII IIIII II IIIIIIIIII, III II IIIIIIIIIIII II III II IIIII IIIIII IIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII IIIII
II IIIIIII III IIIIII.
II IIIIII II IIII IIIII IIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIII II IIII IIIII IIIIII IIIIII I IIIII II II IIIIII, IIIIIIIIIII II
II IIIIIIIIIIII II II IIII. (I) IIII II IIIIII IIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIII IIII II II IIIIII. (I) IIII II IIIIII II IIIII II I, II II
IIIIIIIIIIII II II IIII II IIIIIIII I III IIIII III II IIIII IIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIII IIIII II II IIIIIIII IIIII III IIIII.
IIIIII II IIIIIIII
II IIIIII III IIIIIIIII III IIIII IIIII II IIIIII II II IIIIII IIII. II IIII IIIIII III IIIIIIIII III III, IIIIII II IIIII III II II III
IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIIIIII IIII II IIII, IIII IIIII II IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII.
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII III II IIIII IIIIIIII I IIIIIIII III IIIIII III II IIIIIIIII.
II IIIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII II III IIIIIII II IIIIIIII, II II IIII IIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII, IIIIII III III
IIIIII II IIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIIIIIII IIIII.
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II III IIIII IIII II II IIIII II IIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII I IIII III II III IIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII II III II IIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIII I IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIII I III IIIIIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIII. II
II IIIII II II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIII II II IIIII IIIII. II II II IIII II IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII, I II IIIIIIIII IIIIIII IIIII II IIIII IIIII, I III IIIIIIIII III IIIIII.
II IIIIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIII II II III II IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII III IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIII, I II IIIII II II
III. II II III IIIII II IIII. IIIIIII III II IIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII III IIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIII
III II IIIIII II IIIIII.
II IIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIIIII I II II IIIIII IIIIII IIIIIII II IIIII IIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIII I IIIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII. IIII III
IIIIIII IIIIIII, III IIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII. II IIIIII II
IIIIIIII II II IIIII II II IIII II IIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIII II IIII II II IIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIIIIII IIII III IIIIIIIII. IIIIII
II IIIIIIIIIII IIIIII I II IIIIIIII III IIIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII I II IIIIII II IIII IIIIIIIII.
II IIIII IIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII IIIIIIIII, II IIIIIIIIII IIIIIII, IIII IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIII.
IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIII IIIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII, I III IIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIII I II IIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIII.
IIII IIIIII II, II IIIIIIII, III IIIII III II IIII I II IIIIIIIIII II II IIIIII IIII I III IIIIII I IIIII IIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIIII II II
IIIII IIIIII II IIIIIII I II IIIIIIII IIIIIIII.
II IIIIII IIII II IIIIIIIIII IIIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII IIIIII I IIIIII II II IIII IIIIIIII II IIIII.

IIIIII IIII II II IIII, IIIIIII IIIII III IIIII II IIIIIIIIIIII . II IIIIIIII IIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII I II IIIIII II IIII III IIIII II
II IIII II IIIII, IIII IIIII II IIIIII, IIIIII I III IIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII III II IIII IIIII IIIII II II IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII.
III IIIIIII IIIIIII III IIIII IIIIIII I IIIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII III, III IIIIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIII I IIIII IIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIII. IIII
IIIIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II III IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIII II IIII IIIIIIIII, III IIIIII IIIIIIIIII I IIIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIIIII II
IIIII.
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II IIII IIII II III IIII III II III II IIII IIIIIIIII III II IIIIII.
IIIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIIII IIIII IIIIIII IIIII IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII. III IIIIIII, III IIIIIII IIIIII
IIIIIIII I IIIII III IIIII II III IIII I II IIIII III III IIIIII II III IIIII, III III IIIIIIIII III III IIIIIII, IIIIIII III IIIIIIIIII II
IIII II IIIIII II IIIIIII. II IIIIIII, III IIIIIII IIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIII (IIIIIII III IIIIII) III III IIIIIII (IIIIII IIIIII),
I II III III III II III IIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII IIIII IIIII II IIIII IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII II IIIIII.
IIIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII IIIII II II IIII II IIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIIII (III III IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII).
II III IIIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIIII II IIIIIIIII I II III IIIIII II III II IIIIIIII, IIIIIIIIII III II IIII III IIII IIIII III IIII II
IIIIIII III IIIIIII, I III II IIII IIIIIII III IIIIIIII II II IIIIII III II IIIIIII. IIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIII IIII
IIII, II IIII II IIIIIIIIII, IIII II IIIIIIIIII II IIII IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII.
IIIIIIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII.II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII IIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIII, IIII IIIIIII IIIII III IIIIIIIII II IIIII, III IIIIIII III IIII, I IIII
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIIIII I IIIIIIII I II IIIIIII III IIII II IIIIIIIIIIII, III IIIIII II III IIIIII IIIII III IIIIIIII I /I II IIIIIII
IIIIIIIII.
IIIIIIIII
IIIIIII III II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII IIIII II IIIII IIIII II IIIII III IIIIII, II IIIII IIIIIIII IIII IIIIII IIIIIIIII, II III IIIIIIIIIII I
IIIIIIIIIIIII II III IIIIIIIIII, I III IIIII IIIIIIIIIII.
III IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII IIIIIIII III IIIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII, III IIIIIIIIII IIIIII I III IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII, IIIIII II
IIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIII I III IIIIII IIIIIIIIII, II IIIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIII.
II III IIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII, IIII IIIII II II IIIIIIIII II II IIIIII. IIIIII II IIIII II II IIIIII IIIIII IIII,
IIIIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIII. II II IIIIIIII II II IIIII II IIIII III IIIIII, III IIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIII I II IIIIII II IIII IIIIIIII,
IIIIIIII III II II IIIIIIII IIIII II IIII IIIIII I IIIII, IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIII, II IIIIIII.
III IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII III III IIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIII II I IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIII III II IIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIII
III IIIIIIIIIIII III III IIIII, III IIIIIIIIII I II IIIIIII

El centro de gravedad es el punto de aplicacin de la resultante de todas las fuerzas de gravedad

que actan sobre las distintas porciones materiales de un cuerpo, de tal forma que el momento
respecto a cualquier punto de esta resultante aplicada en el centro de gravedad es el mismo que
el producido por los pesos de todas las masas materiales que constituyen dicho cuerpo.
En otras palabras, el centro de gravedad de un cuerpo es el punto respecto al cual las fuerzas que
la gravedad ejerce sobre los diferentes puntos materiales que constituyen el cuerpo producen un
momento resultante nulo.
El centro de gravedad de un cuerpo no corresponde necesariamente a un punto material del
cuerpo. As, el c.g. de una esfera hueca est situado en el centro de la esfera que, obviamente, no
pertenece al cuerpo.
En fsica, adems del centro de gravedad aparecen los conceptos de centro de masa y de centro
geomtrico o centroide que, aunque pueden coincidir con el centro de gravedad, son
conceptualmente diferentes.
Centro de masa y centro de gravedad: El centro de masas coincide con el centro de gravedad
slo si el campo gravitatorio es uniforme; es decir, viene dado en todos los puntos del campo
gravitatorio por un vector de magnitud y direccin constante.
Centro geomtrico (Centroide) y centro de masa: El centro geomtrico de un cuerpo
material coincide con el centro de masa si el objeto es homogneo (densidad uniforme) o cuando
la distribucin de materia en el sistema es simtrico.
En nuestros estudios de Ingeniera Civil se asume que el cuerpo se encuentra en condicin ideal,
es decir, el campo gravitatorio es uniforme y el objeto motivo de estudio es homogneo; luego el
centro de gravedad, el centro de masa y el centroide coinciden en un mismo punto.
Los dos mtodos ms utilizados para el clculo del CENTROIDE de una figura geomtrica plana
son el Mtodo de las reas y el Mtodo de integracin directa.
Si una figura geomtrica posee un eje de simetra, el centroide de la figura coincide con este eje.

IIIIIII IIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII III III IIIIII IIIIIIIII:
II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIII IIIII IIII IIIIIIIII III IIIIII IIII II II IIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII IIII, II IIIII, III
IIIIIIIIII.
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIII IIII IIIIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII.
II II IIIII III IIIIIIII III II IIIIII IIIIIIII, II IIIIII IIIIII II IIIIIIII, IIII II IIIIII II IIII.
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII I IIIIII II IIII III IIIIIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIII
(IIIII II IIIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIII II II
IIIIIIIII)
II II IIIIIIII II IIIII III IIIIIIIIIIII III IIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII, II III IIIII II IIIII III IIIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIII IIIIIII. III
II IIIII IIIIIIIII.
IIIIIIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIII II IIII IIIIII (IIIIII IIIIIII II IIIIIIIIII). II IIIIII II IIII II II IIIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIIIII.

IIII II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II. IIIIIII IIIIIII III IIIII III II IIIIII II IIII.
II III IIIIII III IIIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIIIII II II IIII III IIIIII IIIIIII III III III IIIIIIIII II IIIII IIII IIIIIII II II IIIII
IIIIIIII II IIIIII. IIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIII IIII III IIIII II II III IIII, II III IIII IIIIIII III.
IIIII III III II IIIIIIII IIIIIIIII II IIIIIII II IIIIII III IIIII IIIIII III IIIIIIIII.
IIIIIII
II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIII II IIIIIIIIII II II IIIIIIIIII II IIIII III IIIIIII II IIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIII III IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIII II II IIIIII, II III IIIII III II IIIIIII IIIIIIII I IIIIIIIII IIIII II IIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II
IIIII
III
II
IIIIIIIII
III
III
IIIII
II
IIIII
III
IIIII
IIIIIIIIII
III
IIIIIIIIIII
IIIII
IIIIII.
II IIIII IIIIIIII, II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIII II IIII III IIIIIII III II IIIIIIII IIIIII IIIII III IIIIIIIIII
IIIIII IIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIII.

II IIIIII II IIIIIIII II II IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII I II IIIII IIIIIIII III IIIIII. III, II I.I. II III IIIIII IIIII IIII IIIIIII
II II IIIIII II II IIIIII III, IIIIIIIIII, II IIIIIIIII II IIIIII.

II IIIIII, IIIIII III IIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIIIII III IIIIIIIII II IIIIII II IIII I II IIIIII IIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIII III, IIIIII IIIIII
IIIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII, III IIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII.

INVESTIGAR LA DIFERENCIA ENTRE EL CENTRO DE MASA, CENTRO DE GRAVEDAD Y CENTROIDE.

II IIIIII II IIIII II II IIIII II II IIII IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII III IIII IIIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIIII II II IIII II II IIIIII.
II II IIIII III II IIIIII II IIIIIIII, II IIIII IIIII II III IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII III IIIII II IIII IIIIIIII III IIIIII, II II IIIIII IIII
IIIIIII II II IIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII.
IIIIIIIII II II IIIII II II IIII I IIIIIII II II III IIIIIII II IIIIII II IIIII II II IIIIIIIIII III IIIIII IIIIIII III IIIIIIII IIIIIIII.
IIII II IIII I IIIIIII IIIIIIIII, IIIIIIII III II IIIIII II IIIII. IIII II IIII I IIIIIII II IIIIIIIII, IIII III IIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIII.