A REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TOUR OF

PANKI THERMAL POWER PLANT

(PANKI, KANPUR)

DATE-13/11/2014
PRESENTED BYUTKARSH SRIVASTAV
EN(3rd YEAR) , ROLL NO.- 1274521013
UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 1

CONTENT
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)

INTRODUCTION
FUEL :- COAL HANDELLING
WATER HANDELLING
BOILERS
TURBINES
ALTERNATORS
CONDENSORS
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
WASTAGE HANDELLING
SUGGESTED REFORMS
CONCLUSION

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 2

INTRODUCTION
It is in district KANPUR about 15 KM from KANPUR railway
station on KALPI road.
There are two Generating Units at Panki Thermal Power Station
All the units of this station are coal fired thermal power plants,
having a total generating capacity of 210 MW and consists of
following units
Unit no.
Generating capacity
status
32 MW, 32 MW
deleted
1.
110 MW, 105 MW
running
2.
610 MW
proposed
3.
The coal to all these units is fed from coal mines of BCCL, ECL by
means of railways.
Original equipment manufacturer of this plant is BHEL(BHARAT
HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED).
It is a very old plant of india as of the duration of 1960s.it is fully
governed by uttar pradesh state government.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 3

Fuel & coal handalling

The basic need of this plant is coal as fuel.the coal is used as primary
source of energy for this plant to generate heat in order to boil the
water and get the steam.
The coal is taken from the mines of BCCL(BHARAT COKING
COAL LIMITED) & ECL.the coal comes with the help of indian
railways to the plant where wagon are unloaded with the help of
wagon trippler as shown in figure.

The wagon is unloaded into a net as shown & under it there is a

underground path and a vibrator.which sucks the coal into the
conveyer and then it is filtered for impurities manually on conveyer
belt with the help of local peoples then it is passed through the cruser
UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 4

where it is crused into little part as of dia of around 75mm.then it is

sended into bowl mill where it is first pulverzed with the help of hot
air then it is made powdered with the help of mettalic bowls.now
some things are mixed into it or some chemical processes to get the
calorific value of coal to almost 3000calorie.now the coal becomes
ready for going into the furnace.some coal goes toward the furnace
and some goes toward storage(there is almost 15-20 days storage
always available).
The machine is bi-directional.in case of need the direction of
conveyer is reversed .it is a very important auxillary in the power
plant.the head of machine is almost 25 meters.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 5

Water handelling
Water handelling is also a very important thing for thermal power
plant.water in panki is taken by a canal and then it comes to the demineralizing plant, where all minerals and other impurities are
extracted from the water in order to prevent turbines from the
ccorrosion and to make higher thermal efficiency.
In deareators the water is completely purified with the help of
bleeching powder, alum and other chemicals.
Impurities in the raw water input to the plant generally consist of
calcium and magnesium salts which impart hardness to the water.
Hardness in the make-up water to the boiler will form deposits on the
tube water surfaces which will lead to overheating and failure of the
tubes. Thus, the salts have to be removed from the water, and that is
done by a water demineralising treatment plant (DM). A DM plant
generally consists of cation, anion, and mixed bed exchangers. Any
ions in the final water from this process consist essentially of
hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which recombine to form pure
water. Very pure DM water becomes highly corrosive once it absorbs
oxygen from the atmosphere because of its very high affinity for
oxygen.
This water is sended into the boiler tubes and then condensed hot
water is again left into the canal by pumps.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 6

Boilers
Boilers are used for boiling purpose.the inner surface of the boilers is
made up of non corosive materials.due to impurities there gathers a
layer of slag in the inner part which may become too dangerous as
like explosive.so it is very sensitive part of the power plant.
Boilers are normally made up of tubes instead of a box beacause in
tubes there we get much uniformness and security.
In order to a fault, we do not change the whole system but we change
the layer of tubes of dia almost 5 to 7 cm.
The steam generated by boilers is sended to the turbines.the boiler
test is done regularly. As the consumption of water increases we
came to know that boiler tube is defected then we perform hydraulic
test on the shut down condition and change that particular layer.
The boiler is made up of much layers, the height of boilers is 42
meter in panki.the temp of furnace is 1500 deg centigrade.the temp of
super heated steam is 560 deg centigrade.the boilers use regenerative
rankine cycle.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 7

Turbines
There are two types of turbines are used In the thermal power plants1.)impulse turbines
2.)reaction turbines
But in panki power plant impulse turbine is used. An impulse turbine
has fixed nozzles that orient the steam flow into high speed jets.
These jets contain significant kinetic energy, which is converted into
shaft rotation by the bucket-like shaped rotor blades, as the steam jet
changes direction. A pressure drop occurs across only the stationary
blades, with a net increase in steam velocity across the stage. As the
steam flows through the nozzle its pressure falls from inlet pressure
to the exit pressure (atmospheric pressure, or more usually, the
condenser vacuum). Due to this high ratio of expansion of steam, the
steam leaves the nozzle with a very high velocity.

fgfgg

view of impulse turbine

the speed of turbine is governed by governer and nozzle angles.
UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 8

Alternators
Alternators are used to genate the electrical power in the power
plant.in panki there were two alternators of 11kv rating.which totally
generates 210 MW power.alternator contain a exciter and a
synchronous machine.the rotor was of cylindrical type which
generate rated voltage at rate speed of 3000 rpm.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 9

General layout
The general layout of the thermal power plant can be shown as in the
given figureIn this plant condenser were not used as they do not have lack of
water so they generally use open loop system means use the water
and then again release the water in the canal.but they have made two
big condensers for future pupose.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 10

Transmission system
After the generation the problem is to connect the system with the
grid and to transmit the power.for this after alternator we send it to
the power transformer which converts 11 kv to the 220 kv at 50
Hz(almost) and connects it to the grid.for self consumption we again
take power from the grid.the syncronism of machines is very difficult
work.
All the transmission system is regulated by a state and central
regularity authourity and follows availiability based tarrif((ABT).

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 11

Wastage handelling
It is the biggest problem in any thermal power plant that what should
be done with the wastage. according to a newyork based & iit Kanpur
based research team-the coal handelling of the coal ash in this plant is
not good.all the ash ponds are filled up so this is affecting a lot to the
peoples of that locality. according to them almost 10000 peoples are
affected due to many diseases because of this plant. The villagers are
even more negatively effected when monsoon season begins, as the
ash is deposited in the fields and farmers use ash-laden water to
irrigate; this has an adverse affect on productivity and blocks the
drainage system.

An ash pond of panki power plant

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 12

Suggested reforms
There are many methods to improve the overall efficiency of the
plant.
1.)since the plant is based on very old technology, so it it almost
manual so with higher automation in this plant we can improve
overall efficiency.
2.)since it has many adverse effect upon that locality so with the help
of improved technology to dump the coal ash in coal ponds we can
make it more sustainable.
We can use fungus to change that ash into a productive thing.
Utilization of Mychorrhizal treatment can play a very good role
because of its metal sequestering properties for effective metal
bioremediation on Fly ash dumps. Mychorrhizal fungi are abeneficial
group of micro-organisms that form a mutual relationship with living
roots of higher plants. The mycorrhizal treatment offers an
economically feasible biological means for assuring plant production
at fly ash contaminated sites. Mychorrhizal produces organic acids
that combine with some heavy metals to form compounds that are
less mobile and less likely to pollute groundwater and surface runoff.

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 13

Conclusion
Power plants are the need of this time.we have a great scope of
thermal power plant as india has big source of coal.with the help of
new technology and proper handalling india can go far ahead in
energy generation.At the time when UP as well as INDIA needs
much power panki power plant is contributing a good role in
providing power to the public.

SIGN. Of HOD OF EN-

REMARK-

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 14

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO)

Page 15