Sidetracking Guidelines

The following guidelines are used to aid in understanding and in establishing some protocol in the event of
having to sidetrack while drilling. Although this may not cover all circumstances, it gives useful information
for both the desk and field engineer.

General Principles

Sidetracking a Harder Target Formation - a diamond sidetrack bit should be employed. Caution
needs to be exercised when using a diamond sidetrack bit as, it can produce very high doglegs.
Motor settings typically used with sidetrack bits should be between 2-2.5. Sidetrack bits are used only
to establish the ledge.

Generally only 5-6m is cut with a sidetrack bit, as this is the distance that the ledge will be the
same width as the bit face (typicallythe actual amount drilled will vary). Once the entire bit face is
off, and is cutting new hole, the bit will generally stop drilling, and typically an increase in SPP will be
seen. These two signs indicate that a good ledge is started, and the assembly should be pulled out in
favour of a traditional Directional Drilling assembly. Sidetracking from a Cement Plug - a new bit of the
same type used to drill the original wellbore should be used. The ideal situation is the cement plug is
harder (drills slower) than the formation, for the natural tendency is drilling in the path of least
resistance. Should the formation be harder, than the cement plug, a higher motor setting, and a less
aggressive (slower) time drilling program should be considered.

The type of PDM ideally to use is a medium speed configuration, as higher bit speeds typically
result in easier sidetracking. Bit and formation types need to be considered when making this
decision.

Sidetracking Horizontals - it is important not to begin drilling out of the bottom of the wellbore (180
toolface), as is the natural tendency. A setting of approximately 125 either left or right toolface will
work. Using gravity somewhat and a sharp directional change in either direction will aid in the
process. This scenario allows a greater ability to return to either wellbore.

Exercise extreme caution when exiting out of casing. Sidetracking should not be commenced less
than 15-20m out of the Hz casing shoe. This ensures there is no magnetic interference and to
eliminate any damage to the casing.

Maintain a distance of 15-20m separation between multi-lateral KOPs, This distance allows an
easier determination of which sidetrack you are re-entering.

Prior to beginning your sidetrack and when re entering, always re-strap, and check pipe tally to be
assured of bit depth. Double checking measurements will ensure confidence that the sidetrack is
being initiated in the proper place.

Once a sidetrack ledge is established, it is very important not to drill ahead aggressively, for the
ledge may break off and one would have to re start the entire process again.

Higher than normal doglegs are typically experienced when sidetracking, so exercise caution
when sidetracking.

Sidetracking off Cement Plugs

A minimum of 100m of cement should be used. Keep a minimum of 50m above and 50m below
the estimated sidetrack point.

To begin drilling (polishing) the cement plug, a slick assembly can be used or to begin faster a
PDM can be employed to drill up the cement. If using a slick assembly to polish the plug, follow the
rule of 5s for drilling a hard cement plug with 5000daN WOB, and rotary table at 50RPM, ROP
should be +/-5min/meter. If polishing with a PDM, noticeable weight and differential pressure should
be observed, and ROP should be somewhat close to formation ROP when originally drilled.

Drill up 10-15m to polish the plug while the cement is somewhat soft to be just above the
proposed sidetrack point or Kick Off Point (KOP). If polishing cement with an MWD system in the hole
be aware that this may damage and/or plug up the MWD tool. Carefully monitor samples to determine
amount of cement returns onsite geology should be consulted for this information. Anything less
than 90% cement returns and the assembly should be changed out for directional equipment.

With the directional assembly in the hole begin drilling the last 10-15m of cement in a staged
approach to the KOP. For high compressive strength formations a diamond sidetrack bit should be
used. Patience is critical in this hole section as, one can easily, rush the process and waste the
cement plug. With the motor setting set between 1.83 and 2.8 begin time drilling. The ideal motor is
a medium speed or 4:5 Lobe configuration. The motor type and motor setting will be dictated by the
bit type being, used, formation hardness, aggressiveness tendency to come off the cement plug and
build requirement.

Time Drill in a staged approach.

Staged Approach to Sidetracking off Cement Plugs

Stage 1

3-4 min/inch - First 2-3m

Visually 20-30% Formation observed in

cuttings

Stage 2

2-3 min/inch - Next 2-3m

Visually 50% or > observed in cuttings

Stage 3

1-2 min/inch - Last 3m or more

Visually 80% or > observed in cuttings,

reactive toque apparent and bit taking on
weight

Survey frequently and closely observe tool face as WOB is increased. Steer accordingly to
establish correct azimuth for sidetrack.

Do not increase weight on bit until completely off plug to minimize the breaking of established
ledge, and falling back into softer cement.

If a lower motor setting, or a bit change is needed, trip out of hole and change BHA including bit.
Adjust motor setting to a lower rate for the new bit, formation and well plan. Use a motor with a 7:8
lobe configuration and monitor cuttings for cement percentage.

It is good practice to strap pipe and conduct an additional pipe tally when tripping out of the hole
after a sidetrack. Check all physical measurements such as the tool face offset (OTF) as frictional
forces along with torque may cause a change in the make up torques of the BHA and drill string.
Monitor tool face, and azimuth on any subsequent trips to assure one is in the correct wellbore. Once
again, patience is required when returning back into the sidetracked wellbore and you may have to
orient the BHA to re-enter the correct path.

Sidetracking in Open Hole Wellbores

Choose an area in the wellbore with a well established dogleg or positive change in angle . Ideally
this area would also have a good penetration rate to make for a quicker sidetrack.

Begin to establish a trough. This will be dictated by the type of formation and compressive
strength of the rock. Normally a 3-4m slide or stroke is practiced for 0.5 to 1 hour maintaining a
constant toolface. Start the sidetrack in the desired direction and time drill @ 4min/inch for 2-3m. A
staged approach should be used as below.

Conscientiously add weight conservatively to determine if the ledge has been established. If the
sidetrack is able to handle a slight increase in WOB continue to time drill at a reduced weight for
another 3-4m, Once the ledge is fully established, resume drilling with normal WOB.

When drilling ahead and making connections always orient the string in the direction of the
sidetrack to avoid existing. For the connection, when on bottom, shut off pumps, pull up approximately
1m and set slips on rig. To resume drilling and avoid breaking the ledge, go back to bottom, kick in
pumps and begin drilling. Do not allow the rotation of the drill string out until back on bottom and then
turning on pumps.

Trip out of hole to change BHA and bit. Use a motor with a 7:8 Lobe configurations. Adjust motor
setting to a lower setting for use with the new bit, and appropriate for the well plan.

Staged Approach to Sidetracking in Open Hole Wellbores

Stage 1

3-4 min/inch - First 2-3m

Exercise caution and patience using light

weight

Stage 2

2-3 min/inch - Next 2-3m

Observe any reactive torque and bit taking

on weight

Stage 3

1-2 min/inch - Last 3m or more

Continue to control drill further to 5,0008,000daN WOB

It is good practice to strap pipe and conduct an additional pipe tally when tripping out of the hole
after a sidetrack. Check all physical measurements such as the tool face offset (OTF) as frictional
forces along with torque may cause a change in the make up torques of the BHA and drill string.
Monitor tool face, and azimuth on any subsequent trips to assure one is in the correct wellbore. Once
again, patience is required when returning back into the sidetracked wellbore and you may have to
orient oneself to re-enter the correct path.

Whipstocking inside of Casing

It is common to come off a One Trip whipstock system. When doing so, it is ideal to have a
directional driller present when the whipstock is being set in casing. The Directional Driller aids in the
orientation of the whipstock to assure it is set at the right azimuth. Whipstocks can be set at upwards
of 85. Whipstocks should be set 2m above casing collars, as recommended by the whipstock
manufacturer.

Whipstocks are oriented with reference to high side of the wellbore except for truly vertical wells,
which are set by azimuth.

Prior to setting the whipstock it is best to choose a point in the casing which is not at a tool joint or
upset in the casing. If there is some angle in the hole it is best to come off the low side of the hole to
allow gravitational forces to help in coming off.

For Vertical wells (0-4 degrees) a gyro is used to set the whipstock . As the casing is metal, the
use of the gyro is necessary, due to magnetic interference with MWD telemetry. It is always best to
set the whipstock, mill, and drill out of the window with the gyro placed directly above, and oriented to
the motor. This enables the directional driller to see actual angle built, and the resulting dogleg
severity sooner, so that a better informed decision can be made regarding motor setting for drilling
ahead. In some instances it can beneficial to drill with an MWD with the gyro piggy backed on top.
Once the window is milled and the MWD is 15-20m out side and away from the casing the MWD
begins to function normally and the Gyro can then be pulled and normal drilling operations can

continue. Caution must be exercised as the extent of the vibration and the harsh environment may
cause a MWD failure when conducting this procedure. It is not always a recommended practice.

Staged Approach to Whipstocking Outside of Casing

Stage 1

5 min/inch - First 1m

Exercise caution and patience, survey

every 0.5m

Stage 2

4 min/inch - Next 2-3m

Survey every meter determine if

Whipstock has moved from original
orientation

Stage 3

2.5 min/inch - Next 4-5m

Survey every meter as required

Stage 4

1.5 min/inch - Next 2m

Continue to survey every meter

Stage 5

1 min/inch - Till 20m away

Survey to determine if MWD providing

good inclination surveys and 20m away
bottom of Whipstock

Continue drilling ahead, steering high side with MWD surveys and separation is evident from a
lack of influence from the casing. The MWD will begin producing valid surveys beyond 3. The tool
goes from gravity toolface to magnetic toolface.

Doglegs produced by Whipstocks can be as high as 14/30m (or more) for the first 6-8m drilled by
the milling assembly.