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information for teachers or other researcher who want to have further study on
speaking activities.
1.6. Assumption
In this investigation, the researcher thinks that is essential to make
some assumption for the purpose of emphasizing the present study. There are
some other variables that may be related and have effects to this research,
however the researcher only concerns with the variables as stated on research
question. In order to neutralize the compounding variables, it is essential, to state
some assumption as follows : (1) all subject under study are assumed to have
learnt English for the same period of time, (2) all subject under study are assumed
to have similar learning motivation, (3) all subjects under study are assumed to
have similar language experience and language exposure, (4) the instruments used
for collecting the data are constructed in such a way that they are supposed to be
valid and reliable.
1.7 Hypothesis
Concerning the review of related literature and the conceptual framework
the hypothesis of this research are formulated as follows: (1) there is a significant
improvement of the students achievement in speaking taught by using simulation,
(2) the students are interested to speak English through simulation.
1.8 Definition of the Key Terms
IR
P1
A1
O1
R1
Cycle II
RP
P2
A2
O2
R2
B. Planning
Before the present action research could be successfully
undertaken, the research has to carry out instructional planning for all the session.
In order to achieve the objective of the present classroom action study, the
speaking through simulation can be seen from the score got by the students in
mean score.
E. Reflection
Reflection is a term that refers to a post test. The present classroom
action study is divided into 2 cycles and each cycle consists of 4 interconnected
sessions. Reflection is administered during the post activities of each session. At
the end of action, their mastery will be tested to know ether their mastery it
getting better or improve. The result of the entire whole reflections of post test in
cycle I are used as feedback and basis to plan the actions in cycle II much better.
During the action the researcher will observe directly the student`s interest and
involvement in teaching and learning process.
1.10.3 Research Instrument
The research instruments are the tools which are used by the
researcher to collect the required data.
There are some instruments that are used in this study in obtaining the data,
namely:
1. Lesson Plan
The lesson plan is prepared in order to have a clear description of
what to be done in classroom. It is a guideline for the teacher in conducting every
steps of the teaching plan. This lesson plan also will help teachers organize their
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objective and methodologies; determines the purpose, aim, and rational of the
class time activity. This lesson plan involves the activities that are conducted, the
time allocation, the teachers` approach, and the material used in teaching and
learning process. It will help the teacher think through the best way to present the
information to the students.
2. The Test
The tests are used to measure the students` achievement on the lesson
being though such as: pre test and post test. The pre test is conducted before the
treatment is carried out to know the students prior knowledge on speaking. After
pre test, the post test are conducted at the end of the cycle to measure the students`
achievement upon the lesson being present through simulation where the post test
is designed in the same form with the pre test.
3. Questionnaire
The questionnaires are used to know the students` response on the
application of the simulation in order to help them to improve their
communication in English speaking. The questionnaire contains some items and
the questionnaire is distributed to all the end of the cycle.
1.10.4 Data Collection
In this study, there are two kinds of data, namely: quantitative and
qualitative data. Quantitative data are obtained from the result of the test. The data
are collected through administering IR and post-tests. These data are presented in
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the form of table and analyzed descriptively. While the qualitative data are
obtained from non-number data taken from observation during the treatments, the
questionnaire is administered at the end of cycle 1 respectively.
Therefore, there are considerably three kinds of raw scored which are
obtained for the present class action study, those are:
1. Score indicating the subjects` pre-existing mastery in speaking.
2. Score showing the subjects` progress achievement in speaking
English; and
3. Scores showing the subjects` changing learning behaviors.
M = X
N
Where:
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REFERENCES
Broughton, Geoffrey. 2003. Teaching English as a Foreign Language. London:
Franchise-Library University.
Brown. H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principle: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy. New York: Longman
Harmer, Jeremy. 2005. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York:
Longman.
Richards, J.C. 2008.Teaching Listening and Speaking. United Kingdom:
Cambridge University Press
Schollaert, Rudy. 2000 Effective staff Development: An Evaluation Manual.
Belgium: The Author and Grant Publisher
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