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10-2-2014

10th PHYSICS

English

Medium

Material

MEASUREMENT

GRAVITATION

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KINEMATICS

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2.What is the principle of launching a satellite into an orbit?(2M)

A: Principle of launching a satellite:The principle of launching an
artificial satellite into a proper space orbit is to impart sufficient
initial horizontal speed,so that,it revolves round the earth at the
chosen height.
3. What is a centrifuge ?How does it work ?(2M)
A: Centrifuge:A centrifuge is a machine which is used to separate
particles of higher mass with those of lower mass in a given mixture. Working of centrifuge:When a mixture (milk)is poured into
the cylindrical vessel of the centrifuge and rotated with high
speed.The particles of higher mass (skimmed milk)are thrown
away from the centre due to greater centrifugal force and particles
of lower mass (cream particles)get accumulated at the
centre,i.e.,near the axle.
4. Explain the working of a laundry drier.(2M)
A: Working ofa laundry drier:In a laundry drier,the wet clothes are
dropped into a cylindrical vessel containing holes.When the vessel
is rotated,the wet clothes get stuck to the walls of the vessel.The
centrifugal force pushes the water molecules from the clothes out
through the holes.Thus,the clothes are dried.
5. Explain the characteristics of simple Harmonic Motion.(2M)
A. Simple Harmonic motion is characterised by
1)A constant time period or a constant frequency
2)An amplitude (A)and
3)A constant mechanical energy which is the sum of potential
energy and Kinetic energy at every point in the path of oscillation.
6. Distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal force?(4M)
A: The differences between centripetal and centrifugal forces are
given below:

DYNAMICS

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A. 1) Microwaves are used in Radar,telemetry and microwave ovens.
2) It is also used in satellite communications.
19. What is radio -astronomy?(1M)
A. Mapping of the radio emissions from extra terrestrial sources is
known as radio astronomy.
20. What is the velocity of light in vacuum?(1M)
A. The velocity of light in vacuum is 3 x 10 8 m/s.
21. How can we observe infrared radiations?(1M)
A. The prisms made of rock salt are used for observing infrared radiations.
22. What are electromagnetic radiations?(2M)
A. Electromagnetic radiations are characterised by oscillating electric
and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and perpendicular
to the direction of propagation.
23. What is the use of ozone layer in the atmosphere? (2M)
A. We are protected from uv radiations of the sun because ozone is
our atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet rays strongly. Only a little of
this radiation reaction the ground.
24. Mention the evil effects of ultraviolet rays?(2M)
A. Brief exposure to ultraviolet radiations causes common sunburn,but long term exposure can lead to skin diseases including
cancer.

ELECGTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

5. How are X-rays produced.(2M)

A. X-rays are produced in discrete wavelengths in individual transitions among the inner electrons of an atom. X-rays in continuous
wavelengths can also be produced when incident electrons are
decelerated inside the target atoms.
6. What is meant by Radiography?(1M)
A. Radiography:Medical diagnosis,in which soft X-rays are used to
detect diseases,is called Radiography.
7. What is radiotherapy?(1M)
A. Using X-rays to cure diseases is called radiotherapy. HI Some
more important questions:
8. Mention the uses of infrared radiations.(1M)
A. 1)Used in physiotherapy,
2)Used in taking photographs of objects in darkness.
9. What is a spectrum?(1M)
A. A Spectrum is a group of wavelengths or frequencies.
10. Which waves are used in telemetry?(1M)
A. Microwaves are used in telemetry.
11. Which is the most penetrating electromagnetic radiations?(1M)
A. The most penetrating electromagnetic radiations gamma rays.
12. What information do we get from the light emitted from the
sun?(1M)
A. We get information about the composition of the matter present in
them.
13. What is the range of visible spectrum?(1M)
A. The wavelength of the visible spectrum extends from 0.4m to 0.7
14. Which radiations are emitted by molecules when they change
their states of rotational or vibrational motion?(1M)
A. Infrared radiation.
15. Which radiations are produced by the transitions of the electrons in atoms?(1M)
A. Ultraviolet radiations.
16. Which rays are emitted in radioactivity?(1M)
A. Gamma rays.
17. How are infrared radiations detected?(1M)
A. Infrared radiations can be detected by devices like
thermometers,thermopiles and bolometers etc.
18. Mention the uses of Microwaves.(1M)

SOUND
1.

Distinguish between node and antinode.(2M)

A: Node:The point where the particle is at minimum displacement or

at rest,in a stationary wave is called a Node. Antinode:The point
where the particle is at maximum displacement is called an
Antinode.
2. Draw a figure showing the formation of a stationary wave.(2M)

3. What is resonating air-column?(2M)

A: When a glass tube with open ends,is immersed in water to certain
extent,the air inside the glass tube is said to form an "air
column"For a particular length of this air column,a vibrating tuning
fork will give a booming sound. We call this phenomenon as resonance and the air column is called resonating air column.
4. Define resonance and give examples of resonance from day-today life..(4M)
A: Definition :Resonance is the phenomenon in which if one of the two
bodies of the same natural frequency is set into vibration,the other
body also vibrates with larger amplitude,under the influence of the
first body. The phenomenon of resonance is seen in our daily life.
Some of the examples are given below :
(i) Soldiers marching on the bridge: When soldiers cross a suspension bridge,they are asked to break their steps.This is because thefrequency of vibration of their marching becomes equal to the natural frequency of the bridge.Thereby, the bridge would vibrate with
a large amplitude due to resonance and the bridge can collapse.
(ii) Children on a swing: When children are playing on a swing,it
oscillates with large amplitude.This is because resonance occurs
between oscillatory force applied by the person and the natural frequency of the swing.
(iii) Rattling noise of cars: When a car is travelling at a particular
speed, resonance occurs between the car-body and the engine.This
produces a rattling sound.The rattling sound is not heard when the
speed is more or less than this speed.
(iv) Perfect tuning in a radio:In a radio,you can clearly hear the news
at one particular station because the natural frequency of the radio
resonates with the incoming signals from the radio station.
5. Distinguish between progressive and stationary waves.(4M)

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7. Describe a method to determine

the velocity of sound in air.(4M)
A: To determine the velocity of sound
in air. Apparatus required:A long
glass jar,retort stand,glass tube,tuning fork and a rubber hammer.
Principle:It is based on the phenomenon of resonance of vibrating air
column. Experimental setup and
procedure:Arrangement:
(i)Take a long glass jar (J)of a large diameter (about 30
cms) and height (about 50 cms), (ii)Pour water into the jar
until 3/4 th of the jar is filled, (iii)Take another glass-tube
(T)of length 40 cms and of diameter about 3 cms,with its
both ends open. (iv)Fix the tube (T)to a clamp (C)of the
retort stand (R). (v)Immerse the tube (T)in the water of the
jar (J)as shown in figure.
Adjustment of length of air-column:
(i)The length of the air-column (/)as shown in figure can be
varied by raising or lowering T using the screw (S).
(ii)Adjust the position of T such that the length of the aircolumn is very small. (iii)Take a tuning fork (F)of known
frequency (v). (iv)Strike the prongs of F with a rubber
hammer. (v)Hold the vibrating tuning fork just above the
air-column, near the tube.

2.

trons (Ns)in a higher energy state called 'meta stable state'of an

active medium,is increased to a value greater than the number of
electrons (N,)in the ground state (i.e.,N2>N1), is called 'populationinversion'.
Give differences between LASER light and ordinary light in
terms of the property of 'Coherence'? (2M)

3.

What are the important processes involved in the working of a

laser? (2M)
A: Basic processes involved in the working of a laser are:
(i)Absorption (ii)Spontaneous emission (iii)Pumping and population inversion (iv)Stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation
4 . Describe a ripple tank.How does it help in understanding the
reflection of light?(4M)
A: Description of a Ripple Tank:
i) Rectangular Tank:The ripple tank essentially consists of a rectangle shaped trough (tank)made of transparent glass or perspex
material.This tank containing water is held at a height with the
support of four legs.
ii)Below and above ripple tank: Below the tank,a white paper is
spread on the floor.Above the tank,a partially covered electricbulb is fixed to illuminate the tank.
iii)At the surface of water: A small needle (N)fixed at one end of
a metallic strip is connected to an electric vibrator.The tip of the
needle is kept vertically in contact with the water surface in the
ripple tank.

6. Mention the uses of lasers in medicine?(2M)

A: (1)Painless Microsurgery: Lasers are used to conduct surgeries
painlessly.
(2)Treatment of diseases: (a)Liver and lung diseases can be
effectively treated with lasers. (b)Lasers are used extensively in
the treatment of eye-diseases,particularly to reattach'a detached
retina. (3)Endoscopy: Lasers are used in fibre-optics endoscopy to
detect ulcers in the intestines.
7. What are the important applications of laser light in the fields
of science and technology?(4M)
A: Applications of Lasers:
(i) Study of Atoms:
(a)Counting of atoms: The counting of atoms in a substance has
become possible because of lasers.
(b)Brownian motion:Lasers help in understanding the Brownian
motion ofparticles.
(ii) Determination of rate of rotation of earth: He -Ne laser helps in
determining the rate of rotation of the earth accurately.
(iii) Photography: Lasers are employed in a special three dimensional photography called 'holography'.
(iv) Astronomy: In astronomy,lasers help in viewing far away stellar
objects and study their nature.
(v) Micro-Raman Spectroscopy: The high intensity and directionality of lasers led to the development of a new branch of science
called Mirco-Raman spectroscopy,which analyses small quantities
of biological and biomedical samples.
(vi)Fibre-optics communications: Lasers helped in establishing a
new revolutionary method of communications called 'fibre-optics
communications'.
8. State and Explain the principle of superposition of waves.(4M)
A: Principle of superposition of waves: It states that when two or
more waves travel through the same portion of a medium simultaneously,the resultant displacement at any point is the vector sum
of the displacements due to individual waves.
Explanation: In the case of ripple tank with two vibrating sources,if
Yj is the displacement caused at a point due to first source and Y2 is
the displacement at the same point due to the second source,the
resultant displacement (R)at that point is given by

Under standing Reflection of waves through RippleTank:

set into vibration,the other body also vibrates

with larger amplitude under the influence
of the first body.
Example: In the above figure two hollow
sound boxes with one end open are
arranged such that their open ends face
each other.
Two tuning forks 'A'and 'B'of same frequency are mounted on the two boxes. If
one of the forks C A'is set into vibration
the fork 'B' also begins to vibrate and a loud sound is heard.
Reason: The vibrating tuning fork 'A'vibrates the air column of sound
box (1),which vibrates the air column of sound box (2)with the frequency of A.This vibrating air column of sound box (2)excites the
tuning fork 'B 9 .Then 'B' is said to be in resonance with 'A'.

5.

i)Production of circular waves: Vibration of the needle produces

circular waves, which move forward.The origin of circular waves
is marked as S.
ii)Reflection of circular waves: When the circular waves move
forward and hit the vertical wall of the ripple tank they get reflected and start moving in the opposite direction.
iii)Centre of reflected circular waves: These reflected waves are
also circular in shape. The centre of the reflected waves will be on
the other side of the wall,marked as point T.This point I behaves
as the image of the point S.
(iv)Image and object distances: The distance between the centre
S of the incident wave and a point O on the wall of the ripple tank
(SO),is equal to the distance between the centre I of the reflected
wave and a point 0 on the wall of the ripple tank (IO).This proves
that the object distance is equal to the image distance,as is the case
in reflection of light from a plane mirror.
Write the differences between Newton's corpuscular theory
and Huygen's wave theory of light.(4M)

CURRENT - ELECTRICITY-I

LIGHT
1. What is population inversion?(1M)
A: Population inversion: The process in which the number of elec-

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CURRENT - ELECTRICITY-II

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MODERN PHYSICS

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