Lnec - ICDS12: Durable Structures

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
DS
12
LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR OF LANHESES BRIDGE
IC
Joo Pinho,Jos D avid, M anuelLorena,Alexandre Portugal
DURABLE STRUCTURES
BRIDGE DESCRIPTION
Lanheses bridge is a 1218 m long structure.
It is a beam slab continuous deck, supported by pendulum piers.
9 piers are located in the main river channel of Lima River.
The bridge was designed by the renowned Portuguese engineer Prof.

Edgar Cardoso.
It was built between 1977 and 1981.
LNE
C
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
BRIDGE DESCRIPTION - DECK
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The bridge has a total of 41 spans, with typical spans of 30 m and lateral spans of 24 m.
The deck is 11.50 m wide and is a post-tensioned concrete structure (with post-tension in
both directions).
DS
It has 4 longitudinal beams with variable heights.
IC
The deck is fixed to South abutment by hinges, and dilates freely in the longitudinal
direction at piers and at North abutment.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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BRIDGE DESCRIPTION - PIERS
Piers are reinforced concrete blades.
They have a pendulum functioning hinged in both ends.
The hinges are materialized by lead plates and mechanical studs.
Foundations: Each pier has a single alignment of 4 piles 0.8 m.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
BRIDGE DESCRIPTION - ABUTMENTS
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It is a wall abutments, with approximately 7 m of height and 10.3 m of extension.
The cill beam is supported by counterforts and wing walls.
The foundations are composed of 18 piles 0.8 m.
Concrete dead ground blocks located on the back of abutments, under the the road embankment, are
anchored by tendons to the abutments, to withstand the horizontal loads.
In the South abutment: the deck is laid on lead plates, fixed by mechanical studs.
In the North abutment: the deck is laid on steel rollers.
IC
DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
REHABILITATION DESIGN - OVERVIEW
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1st Phase: Inspection and characterisation
Data collection.
Detailed visual inspection.
Underwater inspection.
Topographic and bathymetric survey.
River bed material characterisation tests.
Concrete characterization tests.
Geotechnical investigation.
Sonic tests on piles.
2nd Phase: Design of bridge strenghtening and repair
Evaluation of structural safety.
Hydraulic and river morphology studies.
Geotechnical studies.
Preliminary design.
Detailed design.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
INSPECTION AND CHARACTERISATION MAJOR PROBLEMS FOUND
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A strong riverbed widespread scouring

occurs, with movements of the
protection of the riprap embankments,
with exposed piles.
The river flow was concentrated between

protections.
A large scour hole was identified, downstream of the

bridge section.
IC
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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Defective structural functioning of hinges, between deck and piers:

Crushing of the lead plates, with direct contact between concrete surfaces.
Crushing and delamination of concrete.
Exposure and corrosion of rebars.
Deterioration of concrete occurs at several

members.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12

Major cracks at supports of deck s
cross beams.
A general degradation of the

construction joints.
Degradation of the connection

between deck and the fixed
abutment.
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DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY - APPROACH
1. Following the standards applicable at the time of the original design.

2. Following the current applicable standards in Portugal.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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EVALUATION OF GLOBAL STRUCTURAL SAFETY FINAL CONCLUSIONS
The deck does not comply with the limit state

of decompression, required for posttensioned concrete members.
Unstable equilibrium of the piers extreme

sensitivity to horizontal loads.
Reduction of piles capacity in the piers

located in the main riverbed, due to loss of
confinement.
Insufficient penetration of the piles in

substratum.
Insufficient strength for seismic loads of

abutment piles, counterforts and connections
with the deck.
Insufficient global strength for seismic loads.
IC
DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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A MODIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM WAS DECIDED
Eliminate the Problems of former structural system, that consisted:
The existing extreme sensitivity of the structure to horizontal loads.
An eventual collapse of one pier, or breaking of deck-abutment connection, could

cause a chain reaction and collapse of the whole bridge.
The Adopted Solution consisted: modifying the structural system, with
minimum intervention on the bridge:
The deck remained fixed to South abutment.
The piers were fixed to the foundations.
The hinges were replaced by sliding bearings at piers.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR WORKS
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Modification of structural system: by eliminating of the pendulum functioning of the

piers.
Strengthening of piers foundations.
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Strengthening of cross beams at piers.

Replacement of bearings.
Strengthening of the fixed abutment and of the connection between the fixed
abutment and the deck.
Strengthening of deck with external post-tension.
Protection of piers against scour and protection of entire riverbed with riprap.
Treatment of scour holes.
Concrete repair and treatment.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRENGTHENING OF FOUNDATIONS OF PIERS
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Micro-piles: high-strength steel tubes 127 mm

x 9 mm have been installed.
The micro-piles were connected to a new pile
cap extension, embedding the existing one.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
FIXATION OF PIERS TO FOUNDATION
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IC
DS
The connection of piers to the foundation was made integral.

A reinforced concrete casing above the pile cap was executed.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRENGTHENING OF CROSS BEAMS AT PIERS
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The cross beams were widened to take into account:

The deviation of vertical alignment of piers.
The need to accommodate the top plates of the new bearings.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
REPLACEMENT OF BEARINGS AT PIERS

A temporary support of the deck
was required.
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Installation of elastomeric
bearings: sliding in the
longitudinal direction and
blocked in the transverse
direction.
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The auxiliary system allow

restoring the pier verticality.
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRENGTHENING OF THE FIXED ABUTMENT
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The strengthening of the fixed

abutment was executed to withstand
the seismic loads.
High-strength steel bars, were
installed, to connect the deck to the
abutment.
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
DECK STRENGTHENING WITH EXTERNAL POST-TENSION
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DS
The deck was strengthened by external post-tensioning to ensure the compliance

to serviceability limit state.
Four cables at each span were installed.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
SCOUR TREATMENT AND PROTECTION OF RIVER BED WAS IMPLEMENTED

Demolition and removal of
riprap embankments and
of the sheet pile walls
around piers.
BEFO RE
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Installation of a general
riprap protection on the
regularized riverbed.
AFTER
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
CONCLUSIONS
DS
THE STRUCTURAL VULNERABILITY OF THE EXISTING PENDULUM-PIER

SYSTEM OF THE BRIDGE WAS ELIMINATED.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF SEISMIC CAPABILITY OF BRIDGE WAS
ACHIEVED.
THE DRAMATIC
PROCESS OF SCOURING AND EROSION THAT

ENDANGERED THE GLOBAL STABILITY OF THE BRIDGE WAS
ELIMINATED.
IC
THE PROCESS OF RIVERBED STABILIZATION HAS STARTED.
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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THANK YOU!
MAY 2012

Lnec - ICDS12: Durable Structures

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ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR OF LANHESES BRIDGE

Joo Pinho,Jos D avid, M anuelLorena,Alexandre Portugal

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Lanheses bridge is a 1218 m long structure.

It is a beam slab continuous deck, supported by pendulum piers.

9 piers are located in the main river channel of Lima River.

The bridge was designed by the renowned Portuguese engineer Prof.

It was built between 1977 and 1981.

BRIDGE DESCRIPTION - DECK

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

It has 4 longitudinal beams with variable heights.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

BRIDGE DESCRIPTION - PIERS

Piers are reinforced concrete blades.

They have a pendulum functioning hinged in both ends.

The hinges are materialized by lead plates and mechanical studs.

Foundations: Each pier has a single alignment of 4 piles 0.8 m.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

It is a wall abutments, with approximately 7 m of height and 10.3 m of extension.

The cill beam is supported by counterforts and wing walls.

The foundations are composed of 18 piles 0.8 m.

In the North abutment: the deck is laid on steel rollers.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

REHABILITATION DESIGN - OVERVIEW

1st Phase: Inspection and characterisation

Detailed visual inspection.

Topographic and bathymetric survey.

River bed material characterisation tests.

Concrete characterization tests.

Sonic tests on piles.

2nd Phase: Design of bridge strenghtening and repair

Evaluation of structural safety.

Hydraulic and river morphology studies.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

INSPECTION AND CHARACTERISATION MAJOR PROBLEMS FOUND

A strong riverbed widespread scouring

The river flow was concentrated between

A large scour hole was identified, downstream of the

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

INSPECTION AND CHARACTERISATION MAJOR PROBLEMS FOUND

Defective structural functioning of hinges, between deck and piers:

Deterioration of concrete occurs at several

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

INSPECTION AND CHARACTERISATION MAJOR PROBLEMS FOUND

A general degradation of the

Degradation of the connection

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY - APPROACH

1. Following the standards applicable at the time of the original design.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EVALUATION OF GLOBAL STRUCTURAL SAFETY FINAL CONCLUSIONS

The deck does not comply with the limit state

Unstable equilibrium of the piers extreme

Reduction of piles capacity in the piers

Insufficient penetration of the piles in

Insufficient strength for seismic loads of

Insufficient global strength for seismic loads.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

A MODIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM WAS DECIDED