INSTITUTO SUPERIOR

ESDIT
TRABAJO : INGLES
TEMA: VALLE DEL COLCA
PERTENECIENTES A :
Rely Ojeda
PROFESORA :
ELIZABETH LONGHI
SEMESTRE :
SEXTO
TURNO :
MAANA
AREQUIPA - PERU
2006

In some distinctsmall caves , there are pictures an markings that date back 7.000 years
representig hunting scenes , diferent animals such as alpacas guanacos llamas , vicunas
foxes , human figures ,astral bodies like the sun, the southern cross ,bird and many other
imagines that relate to various aspects of hum,an existence over the course oh thousands
of years . In various places volcanic and quartz rock can be found that were used in the
making of hunting tools , which were typical of tha are when human hunted and lived
in caves . the elaborate technique of the painting are similar to those of prehistoric
paleontonic Europe.
Agricultural production was very important to the incas especially corn such that the
chronicles say that mayta capac had a wife named collahua, for whom he had construted a
palace of copper in which is today the twon of Coporaque and that the first Spanish
arrived and utilized the copper for the armor of treir horses. Finally, the parish priest
formed the copper to be used as a bell for the church, that was probably constructed at
the end of the 16th century.
The already famous canyon which is formed by the huge defect of the earthen crust
between two enormous volcanoes , coropuna (21.080 feet or 6425m ) and Ampato
(20.728feet or 6318 m ) .it was navigated for the first in time 1981 by a group of polish
students in an expedition called CANOANDES . the canyon rush parallel to the Chila
mountain range ,where Mt. Mismi (18.363 feet or 5.597m) the Amazon river has its
farthest origin ( Mr.H Chavez, Arequipian Geographer, 1931 ) and also determined by the
national geographic Society expeditions in 1972 and by an Amazon river expedition by
costeau 1982.
In 1979 mr Peter Rose , a south African explorer, found an idol made of gold at the summit
of show-capped Mismi that thought to have been affered so water would reach their crops,
as is custom near snow-capped mountain in the andes. Since 1975 with one of the boldest
construction projects ever built involving hydraulic engineering, the economic developed of
the boldest contruction projects ever built involving hydraulic engineering , the economic
development of the region helped by highways and organized indispensable education and

health services among others for the workers that during eight years dug almost 62 miles
(100km) of tunnels along the mountain range to take the water from the Colca river to the
driest exiting desert. The Desert Fields of Majes and pu the into production 60000 hectares
for farmland and also generates electrical energy with a potential of 650000 kilowatts.
Actually, the colca valley is one of the principle tourist attractions of Peru and that is why
tourist from all over the world come to visit.

ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES
The valley has a wealth of ancient cultures ruins.Fron investigations and studies it was
determinatedthat some 10 000years ago the first cultures lived here with a similar
geography and climate that we have today. Later these ancient cultures were dominated by
two very different cultural group the colllaguas and the cabanas.
The first cultures established themselves at the medium to high altitudes of the valley, while
the second cultural groups choose the lower parts , around the present day Cabanaconde.

Although the colllaguas and the cabanas spoke different languages , had different physical
and wore different clothing they obtained a common and uniform development in agrulture
and animal productions in the area. Fruits of the work are seen in the mountains was
mediated by small nucleus communities ,dotted throughout the valley.

The incas did not establish themselves in the valley until the bennng of the 16 th centuary
during their imparial expansion. When the spnish arrived , only the political and
administrative system of the incas were in use by the colllaguas.
In the colca there are stilll several ancient cultural sites . The markings for these sites are
deficient and they are not in popukar tourist areas, so only with the hepl of a local guide
should you try effort are the caves of Sumbay and molllepunco ;mountain terracing ;cliffs
of pumunuta ; the archeological sites of uskallacta chaivay,uyo uyo or ancient yanque and
saint anthony or chijra; and the tombs that had mummies in chininea and choquetico.

FAUNA

The andes have a barren topography and inhospitable conditions that harbors a specially
adapted fauna ,in Colca there is extreme aridness. In Colca and the National Reserve of
Salinas and Aguada Blanca there are 136 different species of birds ( in some specific

ecosystems loike marshland,soft soil areas , or small lagoons ) 32species of mammals ,18
species of rodents,3 different species of amphhibians and 5 species of reptiles.
The following are examples of the varied fauna; condors ,andean flamingos ,giant
hummingbirds, llamas ,guanacos,alpacas,vicuas , wild rams,goats, andean cats ,foxes
,pumas and viscachas(rabbit rodents).