Name

Class

Date

CELLS HOMEWORK PACKET

A. BUILD VOCABULARY.Use the word bank to fill in the correct term to match
each definition.
WORD BANK:
Cell theory
Prokaryote

Eukaryote
Cell

Nucleus
Cell membrane

Term

Definition

cell

Basic unit of life

Cell membrane

Thin flexible barrier that separates the cell from

its environment

Cell theory

All living things are made of one or more cells;

cells are the basic units of structure and
function; and new cells come from previously
existing cells.

eukaryote

Cell with DNA that is enclosed in a nucleus

Nucleus

Cell structure that contains genetic material

Prokaryote

Cell with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus

BUILD Understanding
Concept Map A concept map can help you organize information and show how ideas are
connected. As you read Lesson 1, complete the linear maps below. Add text to the circles to show the
most important parts of the concept. Connect the circles with lines.

As you read the lesson, complete the concept maps.

all living things are made up of one
or more cells.

Cell theory

cells are the basic units of structure

and function in living things.

states that

new cells are produced from

existing cells.

Eukaryotes

prokaryotes

are cells that

are cells that

enclose

their

do not
enclose

their

DNA

DNA

in

nuclei
.

in

nuclei
.

Exploring the Cell

A microscope allows scientists to study very small objects. It magnifies objects by
focusing light or electrons. The chart below contains information about three kinds
of microscopes. The middle column contains a description of each type of
microscope. The third column describes ways each type of microscope is used.
1. Use the terms below to complete the chart.
light microscope
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope

Microscopes
Type of Microscope

Description of Microscope

Uses of Microscope

Transmission Electron
Microscope

Uses beams of electrons to

Provides twoexamine thin slices of material dimensional images of
cell structures

Compound Light
Microscope

Uses lenses to focus light on

a specimen

Enlarges cells or cell

parts up to 1000 times

Scanning Electron
Microscope

Uses beams of electrons to

view the surface of a
specimen

Provides threedimensional images of

cells

Circle the correct answer for each of the questions below.

2. A scientist wants to examine the structures inside of a tiny bacterial cell. What
is the best microscope to use for this job?
scanning electron microscope

transmission electron microscope

3. Your science class is going to examine the one-celled organisms in pond water.
What is the best microscope to use?
light microscope

scanning electron microscope

4. Which of these microscopes would let you see the hairlike projections on the
surface of a cell better?
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are simple cells. They lack a nucleus. Your body is made up of eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus that holds DNA. They also have organelles.
Look at the diagrams below. Follow the directions.
1. Identify the prokaryotic cell by writing the word prokaryotic on the correct line.
2. Identify the eukaryotic cell by writing the word eukaryotic on the correct line.

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Nucleus
Organelles
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
3. Compare and contrast the two types of cells by completing the table.
Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Cell membrane

yes

YES

Nucleus

NO

YES

Cell size

SMALLER

larger

simpler

MORE COMPLEX

Complexity

Answer the questions.

4. Circle the correct answer. Your body is made up of
prokaryotic

eukaryotic

5. Circle the correct answer. Bacteria are

prokaryotic

cells.

cells.

eukaryotic

6. Give two other examples of living things that are eukaryotic. Onion, cow, flowering plant

Cell Structure
Building Vocabulary Use the word bank to fill in the term that best matches each
definition.
WORD BANK:

Cytoskeleton

Cytoplasm

Organelle

Mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

Cell Wall

Ribosome

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Lysosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Centriole

Term

Definition

CELL WALL

Structure around plant cells, fungus cells, and

some bacterial cells that supports and protects

CENTRIOLES

Structure in animal cells that helps organize

cell division
Structure in plant cells that captures the suns
energy and changes it into chemical energy

CHLOROPLASTS
CYTOPLASM

Fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

CYTOSKELETON

Network of protein filaments that gives a cell

its shape and organizes its organelles

ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
(ROUGH)
GOLGI APPARATUS

Internal membrane system of a cell where

proteins are assembled
Series of flattened sacs that prepares proteins
and other materials for export from the cell

Continued on next page

Term

Definition

LYSOSOME

Enzyme-filled structure that breaks down

complex molecules or worn-out organelles

MITOCHONDRIA

Organelle that changes the chemical energy in

food into a form that is easier for the cell to use

ORGANELLE

Structure within a cell that acts like a

specialized organ
Structure that assembles proteins

RIBOSOME
VACUOLE

Saclike structure that stores materials like

water and nutrients

Review Questions:
__D___1. In many cells, the structure that controls the cells activities is the :
a. cell membrane
c. nucleolus
b. organelle
d. nucleus
__B___2. Cells can be very different in size, shape, and the types of organelles they have.
However, at some point ALL cells have DNA and
a. a cell wall
c. mitochondria
b. a cell membrane
d. a nucleus
___C__3. In eukaryotic cells, the cells genetic information is found in the:
a. ribosomes
c. nucleus
b. lysosomes
d. cell membrane
___B__4. The organelles that break down lipids, sugars, and proteins into small molecules that
can be used by the cell are called:
a. vacuoles
c. ribosomes
b. lysosomes
d. microfilaments
___A__5. What are the two major types of organic molecules that make up the cell membrane?
a. phospholipids and proteins
c. nucleic acids and proteins
b. carbohydrates and proteins
d. phospholipids and nucleic acids
___C__6. Which of the following is true of ALL single-celled organisms?
a. they are all prokaryotes
b. they are all bacteria
c. they all are able to reproduce
d. they all have a nucleus

Cell Organization
An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way. All of the organelles help the
cell carry out life processes.
Use the terms in the box to write the name of the organelle underneath its picture.

endoplasmic reticulum

Organelle

Golgi apparatus

mitochondrion

nucleus

Function

NUCLEUS

Controls most cell processes and

stores genetic material

SMOOTH ER

Where lipid parts of the cell

membrane and proteins for export
are assembled and stored

GOLGI

Modifies, sorts, and packages

materials from the endoplasmic
reticulum

MITOCHONDRIA

Converts the energy stored in food

into a more usable form

Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two or even
three topics.
Use terms from the box to complete the Venn diagrams below. Write only the letters that represent the words
to save space.

A. cell membrane
B. cell wall
DNA
C. centriole
D. chloroplast
E. cytoplasm

F. cytoskeleton
G . DNA found in cytoplasm
H. endoplasmic reticulum
I. Golgi apparatus
J. lysosome

K. mitochondria
L. nucleus containing
M. ribosome
N. vacuole

Comparing Animal, Plant and Prokaryotic Cells

Read section 7.2 (pages 164-175) in your textbook.
1. Which cell structures are categorized as organelles that capture and release energy?
and mitochondria
2. Which cell structures are categorized as cellular boundaries?

chloroplasts

cell wall and cell membrane

3. Which cell structures are categorized as organelles that store, clean-up and support? vacuoles/vesicles,
lysosomes, cytoskeleton (centrioles)
4. Which cell structures are categorized as organelles that build proteins?
reticulum, Golgi apparatus

ribosomes, Endoplasmic

5. Name two cell structures that are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells.
wall

Chloroplast and cell

__E, G, H, J___6. Which of the following are common to ALL cells? (Select all correct answers.)
a. nucleus

b. cell wall

c. lysosomes

d. mitochondria

e. cell membrane

f. chloroplasts

g. cytoplasm

h. DNA

i. Golgi

j. ribosomes

k. ER

l. nucleolus

__________7. Which cells are generally larger and more complex, containing a variety of internal organelles?
a. prokaryotic

b. eukaryotic

8. Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell shown at right.

ribosomes

Word bank: cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes

flagella

**Challenge: can you also label cilia and flagella?**

DNA

Cell membrane
cilia
Cell wall

Homeostasis and Cells (7.4)

A. Fill in the definitions of each of the terms in the chart below. One has been
done for you.

Term

Definition

Homeostasis
THE RELATIVELY CONSTANT INTERNAL PHYSICAL
AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS IN A CELL

Organ

GROUPS OF TISSUES WORKING TOGETHER

Organ
system

GROUP OF ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER

Organism

One individual living thing

Tissue

GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO DO A PARTICULAR

JOB

Multicellular Life

The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are cells, tissues, organs,

and organ systems.
Follow the directions.
1. Draw an arrow from the drawing that shows the least complex level of
organization to the next most complex level of organization.
2. Draw an arrow to the next most complex level of organization.
3. Draw an arrow to the most complex level of organization.
Organ system

Tissue
Cell

Organ

Review
1. Use the figure on page 182 to give an example of the
levels of organization found in a multicellular organism.
A muscle cell makes up smooth muscle tissue which makes
up an organ like the stomach which is part of the digestive
system.
2. How do the cells of multicellular organisms work together
to maintain homeostasis?
The cells of multicellular organisms have specialized jobs
and communicate with one another to maintain homeostasis.
3. How do individual cells maintain homeostasis?
To maintain homeostasis, unicellular organisms grow, respond
to the environment, change food or sunlight into useful
energy, and reproduce.