Dr.

7. Word

- Formation

&altuI{- hfefioWfuft&- Smrrm "Iilllsgl

Processes

oertwation This involves the addition, of 1

the syntactic

derivationa,f. 'sffix;,"qf,,r.angin$

beaufy (Ni
category ot tnultu* to'which it is attacted,(e"g., onenf{VJ.,+orientatian'(N}.
beautifu/ (Adj))
s',lnopt*.f:'Jf* one syntactie
Category brfension.'This,involves ,tne e>densl6p
:cltair
,fasf
(Adi} +fuf,{Adv}
{V}:
to another (e.g., efiafi" (N} +

i;

""t{ow
compaundfng. This itrvolves creating a new word by combining"fwo free morphemes
(e. g. druEls tare; bittersr,veef)Roof Crea*ron. A, rost, creatian is s. lbrand new word based, 'on' no' pfe'existing
morphemes,te. g. Kcdglt'Frlgrdaire),
l
,fl:,Fre-exisling, fcnns (e'9. fim <
Clippeid; Form, A cliPPed fqffi is s' shoftened-fCIr,m"sf
brassiere;: plione < fetePfronei.
+
<
Breqd" &,tilencl is a combinaiion of :parfs CIf trruo pr*.existing forms (e'9. smog smoke
fog; mate} < mnfor$ tiofefl"
:
.. : j
phrase
Aaranytrn ,An acr*nym is a word,forrned fnrm: tfie ,fi*t lettar(s) oJ eacfi ward in, a,
<'
Sewre 'Acute
{e-s" JVA$A - nr#*io*r;;d*#;; uoo'sp"ie nornimstra}i6n; SenS
Re spira fo4g Syndrorme).

A&ftre*i,feffon. An abbreviatisn ig,,a'wslrd,forrned ffonr:l.ths.';'ar?s$ of'thefirst,letters of the

*elew$roni or sf,,words':in':ri',phrase (e.g-, FBI <
Grd te;g.
proryinent sygauieJ
Fedeml Bureau of lnvasfiStafion).

it;

$;

preper l\lame. This process fcnns a word from a proper name (e.9. framburger <
ft a m b a ry,'Gennany; sa ndwrblr < Hsrt sf' Ssndirvrbfi ) -

Fotk Etymotogy, This process forms a wor! by substituting a Tmpon native form for
6| *otil (otteil-ioreignj form'1e,g,, cockroeeh: < $penisFr sucEreetia Wosd louse').

8.

Mcrphophenemis PrCIsS$ss

'

,,

Assr,milafion is a process that resutts from a sound becoming_yrere like another ne?i?y
sound in terms a? cn* or msre of its phonetlc chamcteristies;' a::ptoce$s in which
segments takCI rn theicharacteristics of nbighb-orinq gounds; e.g. possible'-'impossible;
polqnt -impotent tolerab'le *:iffohrabb; tanuible * iltangible
:

in twp soUn$s becoming less alike,in,articulatoqy

O;.ssfp?irsfiorr is,a,proce$s,thet:rssuits
'a
prCIces$,.in, whieh unite wt'i$h,sccur:,in:i:ome.sontext$'are 'lost' in
,or acoustic 'terms;

,others;Q.$:.lrfia4/instead.trtilibrary;,.,..goWflof,for.s0vernor
'

geleffen is a proe,ess that remove$,a $egmsnt from,ertaifl,;phonetic'contexts. lt occurs

rn everyqay rapid speech; e.g. [blaln men]'blind man'
,

. Epenffiesis is a

l..,existing:.string of scgrnenfi:

a syllahle er a nonsyllabic segment within an

e,g, {malndld],'rnindedt

prc,eess:that inserts

Itletafhesis is a process that reorders ar reverses a $equence of segments; it.occurs

when,twosegm*hts in,,a'serieg switsh places, e.g;,#sk * aks; ruler ? fure4 viclet *
viloyet

,$tructures

$trusture of Fredicatiotrl,ha$,{wo components: a subject and a predicate; e:9. fhe sun

nsesf,wemors fougfif bravs/y,

$r?ourr

/ras coased talling

Structure of Somplernenrtatlon has two basic somponents: ,a verbal element and

.corfrplernent; e.g. weigh,the opfions; ssrvs the'masses, be coumgeous

EI