Week 8 Solutions - ENB222

5-52

Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10
M P a, 450 C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kP a, 92% quality, and 50 m/s.
The mass flow rate of the system is 12 kg/s. Determine,
(a) the change in kinetic energy
(b) the power output, and
(c) the turbine inlet area.
Information:
P1 = 10 M P a, T1 = 450 C, V1 = 80 m/s
P2 = 10 kP a, x2 = 0.92, V2 = 50 m/s
m
= 12 kg/s
(a)
Determining the change in Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic Energy,
KE = 21 mV 2
Consider that m1 = m2
KE = 12 m(V22 V12 )
As this is flow it is better to express as specific energy,
ke =

V22 V12
2

502 802
2

= 1950J kg 1 = 1.95kJ kg 1

(b)
Determining the power output
Energy Balance,
E = E in E out
E in = E out
m(h
1+

V12
)
2

= m(h
2+

V22
)
2

out
+W

 = m(h
W
1 h2 +

V12 V22
)
2

Finding h1 and h2 , using table A-6 for h1

v1 = 0.02975 m3 kg 1 , h1 = 3240.9 kJ kg 1
From Table A-5
hf = 191.83 kJ kg 1 , hf g = 2392.8 kJ kg 1
h2 = 191.83 + 0.92 2392.8 = 2393.2 kJ kg 1
= 12((3240.9 2393.2) 103 +
W

802 502
)
2

= 1.0196 107 W = 10.196 M W

(c)
The inlet area,
A1 =

mv
1
V1

120.029782
80

= 0.00447 m2 = 44.7 cm2

5-54

Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 M P a and 500 C and leaves at 10 kP a with a quality
of 90 percent. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies, determine the mass
flow rate required for a power output of 5 M W .
Energy Balance
E in E out = E
Ignoring Kinetic energy,
+ mh
mh
1=W
2
m
=

W
h1 h2

Finding h1 and h2
Table A-6,
h1 = 3373.7 kJ kg 1
Table A-5
hf = 191.83 kJ kg 1 , hf g = 2392.8 kJ kg 1
h2 = 191.83 + 0.9 2392.8 = 2345.3 kJ kg 1
m
=

W
h1 h2

5000
3373.72345.3

= 4.861 kg s1

5-59

Carbon dioxide enters and adiabatic compressor at 100 kP a and 300 K at a rate of 0.5 kg/s
and leaves at 600 kP a and 450 K. Neglecting kinetic energy changes, determine (a) the
volume flow rate of the carbon dioxide at the compressor inlet and (b) the power input to
the compressor.
Information:
P1 = 100 kP a, T1 = 300 K, m
= 0.5 kg s1 ,
P2 = 600 kP a, T2 = 450 K
Determining the volume flow rate,
Ideal Gas Law,
P V = mRT ,
V
= RT
m
P
From Table A-1,
Molar Mass of CO2 = 44.01 kg kmol1 , gas constant R = 0.1889 kP a m3 kg 1 K 1
v1 = 0.1889300
= 0.5667 m3 kg 1
100
The volume flow rate is therefore,
V 1 = mv
1 = 0.5 0.5667 = 0.2835 m3 s1
(b)
Energy Balance
E = E in E out
E in = E out
in + mh
W
1 = mh
2
in = m(h
W
2 h1 )
Finding h1 and h2
From Table A-20,
1 = 9431 kJ kmol1
at T1 = 300 K, h

 2 = 15483 kJ kmol1
at T2 = 450 K, h
h
1
in = m(h
= 0.5 154839431
= 68.8 kW
W
2 h1 ) = m
h2M
44.01

5-60

An adiabatic gas turbine expands air at 1000 kP a and 500 C to 100 kP a and 150 C. Air
enters the turbine through a 0.2 m2 opening with an average velocity of 40 m/s, and exhausts
through a 1 m2 opening. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of air through the turbine, and
(b) the power produced by the turbine.
Information:
P1 = 1000 kP a, T1 = 500 C, A1 = 0.2 m2 , V1 = 40 m/s
P2 = 100 kP a, T2 = 150 C, A2 = 1 m2
(a) Finding the mass flow rate,
Specific Volume,
P V = mRT ,
v1 =

RT1
P1

m
=

A 1 V1
v1

=
=

0.287(500+273)
1000
0.240
0.2219

= 0.2219 m3 kg 1

= 36.06 kg s1

(b) The power produced by the turbine.

Calculating the exit velocity,
P V = mRT
v2 =

RT2
P2

0.287(150+273)
100

V2 =

mv
2
A2

36.061.2140
1

= 1.2140 m3 kg 1

= 43.7 m/s

Energy Balance,
E = E in E out
E in = E out
m(h
1+

V12
)
2

= m(h
2+

out = m(h
W
1 h2 +

V22
)
2

out
+W

V12 V22
)
2

We know that h = cp T

 out = mc
W
p (T1 T2 +

V12 V22
)
2cp

From Table A-2,

T1 = 773 K, T2 = 423 K, Tavg =

775+423
2

= 598 600 K

cp = 1.051 kJ kg 1
2

V V
402 43.72
7
out = mc
W
p (T1 T2 + 12cp 2 ) = 36.06 1.051 103 (773 423 + 21.05110
3 ) = 1.3259 10
= 13.26 M W
W

5-70

Refrigerant-134a at 800 kP a and 25 C is throttled to a temperature of -20 C. Determine

the pressure and the internal energy of the refrigerant at the final state.
Information:
P1 = 800 kP a, T1 = 25 C
P2 =? kP a, T2 = 20 C
In the absence of compressed liquid tables at a given temperature saturated liquid tables
approximates.
Also, as refrigerant-134a is a liquid this change in pressure will result in no to a negligible amount of change in volume; hence, W = 0
From Table A-11
at 24 C, hf = 84.98 kJ kg 1
at 26 C, hf = 87.83 kJ kg 1
at 25 C =

84.98+87.83
2

= 86.405 kJ kg 1

Energy Balance,
E = E in E out
E in = E out
mh
1 = mh
2
, h1 = h2
At point 2 then,
Table A-11, T2 = 20 C
uf = 25.39 kJ kg 1 , ug = 218.84 kJ kg 1
hf = 25.49 kJ kg 1 , hg = 238.41 kJ kg 1
as hf < h2 < hg we have a saturated mixture,
Hence, the saturation pressure at T2 = 20 C from A-11 is P2 = 132.82 kP a
Finding the quality value,
9

x2 =

h2 hf
hf g

86.40525.49
238.4125.49

= 0.2861

u2 = uf + x2 uf g = 25.39 + 0.2861(218.84 25.39) = 80.73 kJ/kg 1

10