Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Calidad de Aguas
Grado en Ingeniera Civil
Universidad Politcnica de Cartagena
TEMA 3.
BALANCES DE MATERIA Y ENERGA EN
MASAS DE AGUA
1. Introduccin
2. Sistemas en estado estacionario
3. Sistemas en estado no estacionario
4. Balances de energa
1
Conservacin
1. Introduccin
DISTRIBUCIN DEL CONTAMINANTE
1 LEY DE LA
TERMODINMICA
Sistema
cerrado
E p + Ec + U = q w
AIRE/AGUA
K aw
SUELO/AGUA
om
mm
K sw = K sw
+ K sw
Cia
=
Ciw
K om
E p = 0 Ec = 0
U = q-w
q = 0 Adibatico
V = 0 (reactor) U = q
om
K sw
=
f om
K mm
mm
K sw
=
Sa
LEY DE HENRY
(1803)
Temperatura
Otros disolventes
Coloides
pH
K aw =
Pi
C RT
= ia
Ciw
Ciw
Pa
3
mol
m
Introduccin
Entradas al Sistema
Acumulacin
Reaccin
ESTADO ESTACIONARIO
Acumulacin = 0
CONTAMINANTE CONSERVATIVO
Reaccin = 0
Entrada = Salida
CONTAMINANTE NO CONSERVATIVO
ESTADO NO ESTACIONARIO
Conservativo
MODELO DE MEZCLA
Qe
Ce
Cm
Qr
CONTAMINANTE CONSERVATIVO
Cr
Qe Ce + Qr Cr
Cm =
Qe + Qr
W2
Entrada = Salida
C
C C
= Dx
vx
x
t x
x
IMAGEN TOMADA DE:
Lin et al. (2003). Comparison of rhodamine WT and bromide in the determination of
hydraulic characteristics of constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 20: 75-88.
Orden 0
dC
V
= Vk0
dt
dC
r (C ) =
= k0
dt
dC
r (C ) =
= k0
dt
C = C0 k 0 t
CN- + O3 CNO- + O2
Orden 1
r (C ) = k1C
Cintica de primer orden
r (C ) = k1C
dC
= Vk1C
V
dt
C = C0 e k1t
Orden 1
SLIDOS EN
SUSPENSIN
FSFORO TOTAL
AMONIO
NITRATO
Orden 1
Pseudo-primero
v1 = k1qe
log(qe q ) = log qe
k1
t
2,303
(2)
(1)
Orden 2
r (C ) = k 2C 2
Cintica de segundo orden
dC
= Vk 2C 2
dt
r (C ) = k 2C 2
C0
1
1
= k 2t +
C=
C0
1+ C0 k 2t C
10
Pseudo-segundo
dq
2
= k 2 (qe q )
dt
v2 = k 2 qe2
1
t
t
q=
=
+
q k 2 qe2 qe
t
1
t
+
k 2 qe2 qe
11
Pseudo-segundo
12
PFR
C = C0 kt
ORDEN 0
C = C0 e kt
ORDEN 1
dq
= k1 (qe q )
dt
PSEUDO-1
C0
C=
1+ C0 kt
ORDEN 2
dq
2
= k 2 (qe q )
dt
l V
t= =
v Q
QC Q(C + C ) + Vk d C = 0
V = Ax
Elemento incremental
V
C
PSEUDO-2
C+C
A
x
13
PFR
14
PFR
NITRATO
AMONIO
CARGA
HIDRULICA
Parmetros de funcionamiento
TIEMPO DE
RETENCIN
Intensidad de tormenta
Volumen de escorrenta
Tamao del humedal
15
PFR-NO IDEAL
Ley de Fick
PFR (D=0)
C
2C
= D 2
t
x
Coeficiente de
dispersin axial
(m2/s)
Comportamiento ideal
CSTR (D)
Comportamiento no ideal
16
Definicin
Elemento incremental
So
Q, C
A
D
A+A
D+D
Q+Q, C+C
x
Si
17
Ecuacin
Si
Generacin Orden 0
Difusin molecular
Movimiento browniano Descomposicin Orden 1
J = D
Ley de Fick
C
x
Vk g Vk d C
Dagua 10 5 cm 2 / s
SIMPLIFICACIN
Acumulacin = Entrada Salida + Generacin - Descomposicin
dC
V
= QCi QC + Vk g Vk d C
dt
Si:
dC
=0
dt
C =
QCi + k gV
Q + k dV
18
Ecuacin
Q
C (t ) = C + (C0 C ) exp k d + t
V
A tiempo t =
A tiempo t = 0
Concentracin (C)
C = C + (C0 C ) exp 0 = C0
C = C + (C0 C )0 = C
C =
C
C0C0C
C =
Ct
Tiempo (t)
QCi + k gV
Q + k dV
QCi
Q + k dV
19
Ecuacin
4. Balances de energa
Entrada = Salida + Variacin de la energa interna
AGUA
4.184 J/kgc
1 cal/gC
1 Btu/lbF
U = mCe T
20
21
WATER QUALITY BY
A CIVIL ENGINEER
MASS
BALANCE
TECHNIQUE
SOURCES AND
SINKS
DYE
TRACERS
PLUG FLOW
REACTOR
BROWNIAN
MOTION
22
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
Bayo, J. (2012). Kinetic studies for Cd(II) biosorption from treated urban
effluents by native grapefruit biomass (Citrus paradisi L.): The
competitive effect of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). Chemical Engineering
Journal 191: 278-287
Bayo, J., Esteban, G., Castillo, J. (2012). The use of native and
protonated grapefruit biomass (Citrus paradisi L.) for cadmium(II)
biosorption: equilibrium and kinetic modelling. Environmental Technology
33: 761-772.
Carleton, J.N., Grizzard, T.J., Godrej, A.N., Post, H.E. (2001). Factors
affecting the performance of stormwater treatment wetlands. Water
Research 35: 1552-1562.
Hanif, M.A., Nadeem, R., Zafar, M.N., Akhtar, K., Bhatti, H.N. (2007).
Kinetic studies for Ni(II) biosorption from industrial wastewater by Cassia
fistula (Golden Shower) biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials 145:
501-505.
23
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
Holland, J.F., Martin, J.F., Granata, T., Bouchard, V., Quigley, M., Brown,
L. (2005). Analysis and modeling of suspended solids from highfrequency monitoring in a stormwater treatment wetland. Ecological
Engineering 24: 159-176.
Karamouz, M., Moridi, A., Nazif, S. (2010). Urban Water Engineering and
Management. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL.
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
Shu, H.Y., Chang, M.C., Fan, H.J. (2005). Effects of gap size and UV
dosage on decolorization of C.I. Acid Blue 113 wastewater in the
UV/H2O2 process. Journal of Hazardous Materials B118: 205-211.
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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
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