TKT Key Concepts

Module 1, Units 1-4

Unit 1
1. Define grammar
2. Explain the difference between a grammatical form and grammatical use.
3. Define the different parts of speech (word classes).
a. Nouns
b. Verbs
c. Adjectives
d. Adverbs
e. Determiners
f. Prepositions
g. Pronouns
h. Conjunctions
i. Exclamations
4. Define affixation, prefix, suffix and base word (you should be able to identify these in most words).
5. Identify the function of different parts of speech in a sentence.
6. Define and provide some examples of grammatical structures.
7. Explain how changes in language over time affect our understanding of grammatical rules.
8. Explain the difference in the use of grammatical rules for written language and spoken language.
9. Explain why grammar teaching and practice should both focus on form and focus on use.

Unit 2
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Define lexis.
Explain what a denotation is.
Describe the impact context has in conveying meaning to words.
Describe the impact of form, especially for affixed and compound words, in giving a word meaning.
Define what collocations are and explain the difference between collocations and idioms.
Explain what language chunks are.
Explain the different kinds of lexical relationship and provide some examples.
a. Synonyms
b. Antonyms
c. Lexical sets
d. Word families
e. Homophones
f. Homonyms
g. False friends
Why is it important that students know the part of speech a word has in context?
What are some examples of consolidation activities we can make for vocabulary?
Whats the difference between teaching new vocabulary and exposing students to vocabulary?
Why do you think it would be important to teach general words for categories before teaching them examples?
TKT Key Concepts, by Isaac Prez Bolado.

Unit 3
1. Define Phonology.
2. Define the different sound features of language:
a. Phonemes
b. Word stress
c. Sentence stress
d. Intonation
3. Define what IPA stands for.
4. Define the different types of phonemes.
a. Vowels
b. Consonants
c. Voiced sounds
d. Unvoiced sounds
5. Explain the uses of the or
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signs in phonetic representations.

Explain what a syllable is and be able to identify them in words.

Define, identify and explain the use of the schwa (//).
Explain the difference between primary stress and secondary stress in a sentence.
Explain what contrastive stress is.
Define connected speech and the role that contractions, weak forms and rhythm play in it.
Define linking and word boundaries, and how these change in connected speech versus language analyzed in
chunks.
Provide some examples of how intonation can convey the function of what is said.
Why is it important to expose students to various sounds and accents?
What is the importance of models for spoken language?
What are minimal pairs and how can they be useful in the EFL classroom?
Do you think your students would benefit from learning phonemic symbols in class? Why or why not?

Unit 4
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Define what a function is and give some examples.

Explain the difference between functions, grammar and lexis.
Explain how context affects the function of particular chunks of language.
Define exponent.
Explain what levels of formality are and explain what makes language:
a. Informal
b. Formal
c. Colloquial
d. Neutral
What does appropriacy mean? What makes language appropriate or inappropriate?
Define register.
Explain how functional textbooks are structured and what effect this can have.
Explain the usefulness of functions in teaching writing.
Why do more recent textbooks include structures alongside functions?

TKT Key Concepts, by Isaac Prez Bolado.