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KnowtheDifference:Gerundsvs.Infinitives
GerundsandInfinitives
Gerundsandinfinitivesaresometimesreferredtoasverbcomplements.Theymayfunctionas
subjectsorobjectsinasentence.
WhatareGerunds?
SpellingTip
Verbing(PresentParticiple)
Addingtomostverbs.Ex.play>playing,cry>crying,bark>barking
Forverbsthatendine,removetheeandadding.Ex:slide>sliding,ride>riding
Forverbsthatendinie,changetheietoyandadding.Ex:die>dying,tie>tying
Foraverbwhoselastsyllableiswrittenwithaconsonantvowelconsonantandisstressed,doublethelast
letterbeforeaddinging.Ex:beg>begging,begin>beginning.However:enter>entering(lastsyllableis
notstressed)
Agerundisaverbinitsing(presentparticiple)formthatfunctionsasanounthatnamesanactivity
ratherthanapersonorthing.Anyactionverbcanbemadeintoagerund.
Gerundscanappearatthebeginningofasentencewhenusedasasubject:
1. Joggingisahobbyofmine.
Gerundscanactasanobjectfollowingtheverb:
1. Danielquitsmokingayearago.
Gerundscanserveasanobjectafterapreposition:
1. Ilookforwardtohelpingyoupaintthehouse.
Note:Thesamespellingrulesthatapplytotheprogressivetensesalsoapplytogerunds.
Someverbsandverbphrasesaredirectlyfollowedagerund:
1. Paulavoidsusingchemicalsonthevegetableshegrows.
Someverbscanbefollowedbyagerundoraninfinitivewithoutcausingachangeinmeaning:
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1. Somepeopleprefergettingupearlyinthemorning.
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KnowtheDifference:Gerundsvs.Infinitives
2. Somepeopleprefertogetupearlyinthemorning
Someverbscanbefollowedbyagerundorinfinitivebutwithachangeinmeaning:
1. Herememberedsendingthefax.(Herememberedtheactofsendthefax)
2. Herememberedtosendthefax.(Herememberedthefaxandsentit.)
WhatareInfinitives?
Aninfinitiveisaverbformthatactsasotherpartsofspeechinasentence.Itisformedwithto+
baseformoftheverb.Ex:tobuy,towork.
Infinitivescanbeusedas:
anobjectfollowingtheverb:
1. Jimalwaysforgetstoeat
asubjectatthebeginningofasentence:
1. Totravelaroundtheworldrequiresalotoftimeandmoney.
anadverbmodifyingaverb:
1. Youpromisedtobuymeadiamondring.
anadjectivemodifyinganoun:
1. Tarahastheabilitytosucceed.
Someverbsaredirectlyfollowedbyaninfinitive:
1. Doyouwanttocallyourfamilynow?
Someverbsaredirectlyfollowedbyanounorpronounandthenbyaninfinitive:
1. IconvincedCatherinetobecomevegetarian.
2. Headvisedmetosellallmysharesofstock.
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Someverbscanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveoragerundwithoutcausingachangeinmeaning:
1. Willyoucontinueworkingafteryougivebirth?
2. Willyoucontinuetoworkafteryougivebirth?
Someverbscanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveoragerundbutwithachangeinmeaning:
1. Hestoppeddrinkingcoffee.(Heneverdrankcoffeeagain.)
2. Hestoppedtodrinkcoffee.(Hestoppedwhathewasdoinganddranksomecoffee.)
ExercisesGerundsandInfinitives
Choosethecorrectgerundorinfinitivefromtheparenthesisattheendofthesentence.
1. Shelikestogetupearlyinthemorning.(likes/dislikes)
1. 1.Alancantstand_________ontrains.(riding/toride)
2. Mr.Harrisenjoys_________peopleouttodinner.(inviting/toinvite)
3. Intheolddays,gentlemenchallengedtheirrivals_______.(fighting/tofight)
4. Asthefamoussayinggoes,theresnouse______overspiltmilk.(crying/tocry)
5. Jimstopped_________hisshoelace.Waitforhim.(tying/totie)
6. Mywifealwaysvolunteers___________cakesPTAmeetings.(baking/tobake)
7. Dontwastemytime___________aboutyoursalary.(complaining/tocomplain)
8. Evaishavingtrouble_________ontheexam.(concentrating/toconcentrate)
9. Pleaseallowme____________yourFacebookpage.(joining/tojoin)
10. Youwontforget_________milkonyourwayhome,willyou?(pickingup/topickup)
Answers:
riding
inviting
concentrating
tofight
tojoin
crying
totie
tobake
complaining
topickup
ReferenceListsGerundsandInfinitives
Listofcommonverbsandphrasesthatarefollowedbya
gerund
admit
advise
avoid
beusedto
canthelp
cantstand
consider
deny
discuss
dislike
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endup enjoy feellike finish forget getusedto giveup goon havedifficulty
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lookforwardto mention
understand wastetime
Listofcommonverbsthatcanbefollowedbyeitheragerund
oraninfinitivewithoutcausingachangeinmeaning
begin
continue
hate
intend
like
love
prefer
start
Listofcommonverbsthatcanbefollowedbyagerundor
infinitivebutwithachangeinmeaning
forget
remember
stop
Listofcommonverbsarefollowedbyaninfinitive
afford agree appear arrange ask care decide demand expect fail forget
learn manage mean offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse remember
stop volunteer wait want wish
hope
seem
Listofcommonverbsthataredirectlyfollowedbyanounor
pronounandthenbyaninfinitive
advise
instruct
allow
invite
ask cause
order pay
force
hire
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