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O R A C L E D ATA B A S E 1 2 c F O R S A P :
R O A D M A P A N D B A S E C E RT I F I C AT I O N F E AT U R E S
The Future of the Database Has Begun
Oracle Multitenant
Early 2016
Note No.
Note Title
1914631 Central Technical Note for Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1)
2133079 Oracle Database 12c : Integration in SAP Environment
DB: Features and Options
1915299
1915301
1915302
1915315
1915317
1915313 Current Patch Set for Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1)
1915316 Database: Patches for 12.1.0.2
2145572 Grid Infrastructure: Patches for 12.1.0.2
DB: Instance Configuration
Table 1: SAP Notes related to Oracle Database 12c (as of March 31, 2015)
Advanced Index Compression works well on all supported indexes, including those indexes that are not
good candidates with the existing Index Key Compression.
Advanced Index Compression works at the block level
to provide the best compression for each block. This
means that users dont need knowledge of data characteristics Advanced Index Compression automatically
chooses the right compression per block.
Advanced Network Compression can be used to compress the data to be transmitted at the sending side and
then uncompress it at the receiving side to reduce the
network traffic. Advanced Network Compression reduces
the size of the data to be transmitted over a network
connection. Benefits include:
Increased effective network throughput: Compression
allows transmission of large data in less time. SQL query
response becomes faster due to the reduced transmission
time.
Reduced bandwidth utilization: Compression saves
bandwidth by reducing the data to be transmitted,
allowing other applications to use the freed-up bandwidth. This also helps in reducing the cost of providing
network bandwidth.
Advanced Compression
Oracle Database 12c for SAP: Roadmap and Base Certification Features
Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) provides a comprehensive foundation for efficiently backing up and
recovering the Oracle Database. It is designed to work
intimately with the server, providing block-level corruption detection during backup and restore operations.
RMAN optimizes performance and space consumption
during backup through the use of file multiplexing and
backup set compression. RMAN also integrates with
Oracle Secure Backup, as well as third party media management products, for tape backup. Cross Platform
Backup and Restore enables you to transport data
across platforms by using full and incremental backup
sets.
The Oracle Database 12c, allows you to transport data
across platforms using either full or incremental backups,
using image copies or backup. To perform cross-platform
backups using backup sets, the destination database must
be Oracle 12c or later. This newly added feature simplifies
platform migration and minimizes read-only downtime
on the source database.
ACFS Support
The UNION and UNION ALL operators in SQL statements connect two or more branches (e.g. subqueries):
<branch1> UNION <branch2>. Traditionally, in queries
of this type, the branches execute one after another, meaning that only one branch is executed at a certain point in
time, followed by the next branch, and so on in a serial
manner. Oracle Database 12c introduces Concurrent
Execution of Union and Union All Branches, meaning
that one set of parallel servers will be executing one branch,
a second set of parallel servers will be executing a different
branch, and so on, all at the same time.
The ability to parallelize these branches will lead to
much faster statement execution. In particular, it will
improve SAP BW performance.
I M P L E M E N T I N G A D ATA M A N A G E M E N T I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
F O R S A P W I T H O R A C L E D ATA B A S E O P T I O N S A N D PA C K S
Introduction
Database Editions
Figure 1: Oracle Database Enterprise Edition, Database Options (certified and required, or certified and optional)
and Enterprise Manager Packs (certified and required, or certified and optional).
This article discusses Oracle Database options and management packs for SAP as of April 2015. At this point in
time, the overwhelming majority of all SAP on Oracle
installations are based on Oracle Database 11g. The certification of Oracle Database 12c has already started with
a base certification in March 2015. (for details see the
article Oracle Database 12c for SAP Roadmap and
Base Certification Features on page 5.) The major Oracle
Database 12c-specific options (Database In-Memory,
Multitenant) and features (in particular those related to
Information Lifecycle Management) will be certified in
the near future and are therefore included in this overview.
Challenge: In
Versions:
Value Proposition:
Certification/Support:
Figure 2 explains why storing related data as closely together as possible makes such a difference. It shows database
blocks filled with records. The different colors represent
criteria such as different months or different locations. And
we assume that the applications accessing those data in most
cases want to retrieve all records having the same color.
Challenge: In
Certification/Support:
Figure 3: Oracle Database 11g Index Key Compression and Advanced Compression
(OLTP Compression, SecureFiles Compression)
Challenge: (a)
Certification/Support: Some
Implementation: Details
of certification.
Related Feature: Oracle Database 12c Hybrid Columnar
Compression (which is not included in Advanced
Compression, but is a feature available on Oracles
Engineered Systems) provides stronger compression
algorithms particularly suited for cold (i.e. historical)
data. Certification of HCC on Oracle Engineered
Systems is also planned for end of Q2 2015.
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Figure 4: Oracle Database 12c Advanced Compression Support for Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)
Challenge: In
Versions:
Figure 5: Oracle Database 12c In-Memory Dual memory format, single disk format
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Challenge: When
Versions: Oracle
Implementation: Customers can use any general-purpose machine (Unix, Linux, or Windows) certified
by SAP to build a RAC system. In addition, Oracle
offers Engineered Systems (Exadata, SuperCluster),
which make the implementation considerably easier.
Oracle Grid Infrastructure provides a set of base
technologies that simplify implementation and help
save money.
Figure 6: Real Application Clusters (RAC) for scale-out and immediate (instance) failover
Challenge: RAC
provides high availability by multiplying the number of Oracle instances. Such high
availability, however, is restricted to the instance
level. Even in a RAC-based system, the database remains a single point of failure. This means that DBA
errors, data corruption, server or data center failures
can make the whole system unavailable.
Data Guard can provide both zero data loss protection and
near-immediate restoration of service should a production
database become unrecoverable for any reason. This is
accomplished using the combination of Data Guard
synchronous redo transport and a replication-aware apply
process at the standby database. The impact that any
synchronous replication method can have on database
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Figure 7: Active Data Guard Far Sync High performance, zero data loss
across large distance WAN
Oracle Multitenant
Challenge: Many
Implementation: Details
of certification.
Oracle Database 12c Multitenant introduces a new
architecture that enables customers to easily consolidate
multiple databases, without changing their applications.
This new architecture delivers all the benefits of managing
many databases as one, yet retains the isolation and
resource prioritization of separate databases.
Consolidation Approaches
Large enterprises may use hundreds or thousands of databases. Often these databases run on different platforms
on multiple physical servers. A database may use only a
fraction of the server hardware capacity. This is an expensive approach which fails to maximize the usage of both
the hardware and human resources.
By consolidating existing databases as pluggable databases, administrators can manage many databases as one.
Benefits include:
The investment of time and effort to patch one CDB
results in patching all of its many PDBs. To upgrade
all PDBs hosted in a CDB, simply upgrade the CDB
and all hosted PDBs are upgraded in-place.
Instead of executing separate database backups, administrators only require to back up their database at the
CDB level. In other words, all PDBs consolidated into
a container will be backed up as one, and administrators retain the flexibility to perform recovery operations
at individual PDB level, if required.
Administrators maintaining standby systems in another
data center (using Data Guard or Active Data Guard)
will only need to set up a standby configuration at the
CDB level, to replicate all PDBs consolidated in that
container.
Horizontal partitioning of the Oracle data dictionary (a conceptual partitioning, not a physical table partitioning)
removes the need to store and manage system-wide metadata in every single database. The lower half (implemented
in the CDB) holds the system-wide metadata and nothing
else, while the upper halves (implemented in the PDBs)
hold application-specific metadata and nothing else.
Creating pluggable databases, moving pluggable databases
between containers, and cloning pluggable databases are
done with new SQL commands and take just seconds. When
the underlying file system supports thin provisioning, many
terabytes can be cloned almost instantaneously.
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Challenge: In
If you simply backup your database files, only those columns that are encrypted in the production database files
are encrypted in the backup copies. However, combining
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) and Oracle
Advanced Security, whole backup sets (that is, all data)
can be encrypted.
Database Vault
Challenge: Data
role correlations. Oracle Database Vault allows companies to implement and enforce concepts such as
the segregation of duties or the four eyes principle.
Certification/Support: Oracle Database Vault is certified
for all SAP NetWeaver applications. Implementations
are supported by SAP.
Versions: Oracle
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Figure 10: Oracle Database Vault Privileged user access control and analysis
Challenge: Database
Figure 11: Real Application Testing (RAT) Capture and replay real database
workload
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Challenge: Monitoring
The Oracle Diagnostic Pack provides automatic performance diagnostic and advanced system monitoring
functionality. The Diagnostic Pack includes the following features:
Automatic Workload Repository (AWR): AWR
is a built-in repository within every Oracle Database that
contains operational statistics about that particular
database and other configuration and usage information.
At regular intervals, the Oracle Database takes a snapshot
of all its performance statistics and workload information and stores it in AWR. AWR forms the foundation
for most of the self-management functionality of Oracle
Database. It is the source of information that gives the
Oracle Database a historical perspective on how it is
being used and enables it to make decisions, which are
accurate and specifically tailored for the systems environment. Most of the self-managing features of the Oracle
Database rely heavily on the information captured in
AWR. The data in AWR is also useful for diagnosing
all types of performance issues ranging from persistent
or comparative performance diagnosis.
Figure 12: Oracle Enterprise Manager Diagnostics Pack and SAP DBA Cockpit
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Summary
However, as a result of the growing amount of data, increasing workload, and shrinking maintenance windows
that many customers experience, Oracle needed to provide
additional, more sophisticated solutions. This has happened in Oracle Database 10g, in Oracle Database 11g, and
again in Oracle Database 12c.
Defining Subsets of Data
Released for the first time several versions and many years
ago, Table and Index Partitioning is still a good example
of data differentiation and a powerful technology. Therefore
it has been discussed at the very beginning of this article.
It is used to define subsets of table data which can be
accessed and managed independently.
Oracle Database 12c Multitenant moves the data management infrastructure principle to a completely new level:
We do not simply talk about an infrastructure for many
tables or many users. We talk about an infrastructure for
many databases. And here consolidation clearly requires
separation.
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