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Manila Bay during its glory days..

Manila Bay at present

Existing Creeks/Esteros

Why do we have all of these?


Lack of
Discipline
Lack of
Awareness

Poverty
Lack of
Malasakit

Lack of
Political
Will
Part of
Filipino
Culture

Why treat wastewater?


Economic losses due to poor
sanitation exceed

P78 billion* per year


More than 11,338*
Filipinos die yearly from
diarrhea, and about

55* daily from all waterborne diseases


* - World Bank and USAID Study, 2007

DIARRHEA

Why treat wastewater?


Up to 58% of groundwater
contaminated, 64% of rivers
fail test for Class A waters
(swimming)

* - World Bank and USAID Study, 2007

What Must be Done?


Strict implementation of existing laws
Massive awareness campaign on the importance of proper
sanitation and hygiene
Proper solid waste management implement waste segregation;
invest on MRF
Proper maintenance of drainage system
Relocation of informal settlers in city relocation
Implement wastewater treatment facility projects
Lack of
Awareness
Lack of
Discipline

Poverty

Lack of
Malasakit

Lack of
Political
Will

Part of
Filipino
Culture

Types of Wastewater

Domestic
Commercial
Industrial

Wastewater
Generation
at HOME

Toilet
Yellow Water

Others
Brown Water

Black Water
SEWAGE

Gray Water

Commercial

Mainly comprised of

restaurants and
other food chains

Industrial

Usually comes from

manufacturing
plants such as
petrochemical and food
manufacturing

Wastewater Services

SANITATION

SEWERAGE

Septic Tank Desludging

Plant Operation and Network Maintenance

Provide sewer service connections


Maintain/repair sewer network
Attend to customer complaints
Operate and maintain wastewater treatment
facilities
Plan for sewerage coverage expansion

Provide regular cleaning of septic tank


Operate and maintain septage treatment plant
Attend to customer complaints
Fleet maintenance
Plan for sanitation coverage expansion

Sewerage and Sanitation


Septage management (emptying
septic tanks): Only in Metro
Manila, Dumaguete and
Alabel (Sarangani)
Sewerage coverage:
Metro Manila 15%,

national less than 4%, compared


(Dhaka 30%, Phnom Penh 50%)

How do we collect our wastewater for treatment?

households

Sewage
Treatment
Plant
manhole
sewer service
connection

Lift
Station

Pumping
Station
sewer line
(force main)

sewer line
(gravity)

Sanitation services through septic tank desludging

Septage
Treatment
Plant

households

Septic tank

Vacuum
truck unit

Treatment
Disposal of
Untreated
Wastewater

Treated
Wastewater

Sewage Treatment
Sewage Treatment
Physical

Biological

Chemical

Organics

NPK

Sewage Treatment Plant


Sewage Treatment Plant
Preliminary
(Physical)
Screening
Grit Removal
Oil and Grease

Primary
(Physical)
Flow Equalization
Aeration
Sedimentation

Secondary
(Biological)
Suspended Growth
Process
Attached Growth
Process
Integrated Fixed-film
Activated Sludge
Process

BOD, COD,

Sludge Management/
Disposal
Sludge Stabilization
Digestion
Sludge Dewatering
Decanter
solid
Filter Press
Screw Press
Sludge Disposal

Tertiaryliquid
Treatment

Disinfection
Nitrification and
Phosphorus Removal

TSS, Oil and Grease

TSS, BOD,

Total Coliform,
Nitrogen and Phosphorus,

Options for Water


Reuse/Recycle

Options for Waste to


Energy

Pollutants and Microorganisms


CO2

CO2

CO2
Sludge
CO2
Sludge

CO2

Organics
in sewage

Aerobic
microorganisms

Oxygen

CO2

CO2 and Sludge

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

ORGANICS

BOD

ORGANICS

BOD

Dissolved
Oxygen
Dissolved
Oxygen

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

ORGANICS

BOD

Dissolved
Oxygen

ORGANICS

BOD

Dissolved
Oxygen

Sewage Treatment Plant (Secondary Treatment)


Sewage Treatment Plant

Secondary Treatment (Biological)

Suspended Growth process


Oxidation Ditch
Conventional Activated
Sludge
Sequencing Batch Reactor

Attached Growth process


Rotating Biological Contactors
Trickling Filter

Integrated Fixed-film Activated


Sludge Process
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
(MBBR)
Aerotor

New Technologies in the Market

Aeration efficiency
Height of the Tank
Type of Bacteria

Media
Aeration Efficiency

Carriers
Aeration Efficiency

Technology Selection Criteria


Technical

Process robustness
Process efficiency
Compact footprint
Ease of operation and
maintenance

Environmental/Health
Sludge management
Odor treatment requirement
Noise

Statutory Requirements

Economics
Cost efficiency

Technology Currently Used


Screening/Grit Removal
preliminary treatment (physical)
treatment Process in Central Manila Sewerage
System (CMSS)

Lagoon (Oxidation Pond)


a man-made lake or body of water in
which organic wastes are consumed or oxidized
by bacteria.
treatment process in Dagat-Dagatan Sewage
Treatment Plant (DDSTP)
Extended Aeration
a type of activated sludge process with no
primary settling and long aerobic detention time
to generate less excess sludge overall
treatment process in Alabang STP (ASTP)

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)


Fill

Influent Wastewater

SBR is a fill-and draw activated sludge


system designed to operate under nonsteady state conditions
Features:

React

Settle

Reaction Time

Clarify

Decant

Remove Effluent
Idle

Waste Sludge

Smaller footprint because of absence of


primary, secondary clarifiers and digester
Biological nutrient (N&P) removal
High degree of coliform removal
Less chlorine dosing required for post
disinfection
Ability to withstand hydraulic and organic
shock loads

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)


MBBR is an integrated fixed film activated
sludge (IFAS) process and essentially a hybrid
between a suspended growth (ASP) and a
fixed film system

Influent
Fine Screen

Features:

Grit & Grease Removal

MBBR Tank

MultiFlo Settler

Ultraviolet Disinfection

Effluent

Sludge Holding
Tank

Sludge Hauling

Flexible design that allows for increased


capacity
Stable under large load variations
Smaller foot print
Single pass treatment
Extremely compact and simple biological
treatment system

STM AEROTOR
STM Aerotor is activated sludge and fixed
film technology as part of a process that
provides biological nutrient removal for
municipal wastewater treatment

Influent
Screen

Equalization Tank

Features:

STM Aerotor

Clarifier

Chlorine Contact
Tank

Effluent

Sludge Holding
Tank

Sludge Hauling

Low energy requirement


Small footprint
Improved sludge settling and quality
Low capital
Advance biological nutrient removal
Stable process
No odors
Can handle various load fluctuations

Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS)


CAS is the most common suspended growth
process used for municipal wastewater
treatment. It consists essentially of an
aerated biological reactor followed by a
secondary clarifier.

Influent
Screen

Aeration Tank

Features:

Secondary Clarifier

Sludge Holding
Tank

Chlorine Contact
Tank

Sludge Hauling

Effluent

Good process flexibility


Reliable operation
Proven track record in all plant sizes
Low odor emission
Energy production
Ability to withstand nominal changes in water
characteristics

Sewerage Services

households

Sewage
Treatment
Plant
manhole
sewer service
connection
sewer line
(gravity)

Lift
Station

Pumping
Station
sewer line
(force
main)

Overview of Current Wastewater Services


5 Sewerage Systems in Maynilad
1. Central Manila Sewerage System (CMSS)
- (ISO 9001&14001; OSHAS 18001)
2. Dagat-dagatan Sewerage System
- (ISO 9001 &14001; OSHAS 18001)
3. Communal Sewerage System at Quezon City
4. Makati Isolated System
5. Alabang System

Sewerage

3
2

Total capacity of 469,000 cmd


More than 480 km of sewer lines
~120,000 households served

03/25/09

Central Manila Sewerage System (Process Flow)


Sewerage
System

Lift Station

Screening

CUSTOMERS
(Sewage generated)

Tondo Pumping Station

Screening &
grit removal and
aeration

1.8m dia. Outfall


3.9 km long

Manila Bay

Central Manila Sewerage System (Process Flow)

Lift Station

Central Manila Sewerage System


TONDO AND
DAGUPAN SYSTEM

TONDO

STA. CRUZ

7
6

PORT AREA

LEGARDA

LUNETA

MALATE

PACO

STA. ANA

Assimilative Capacity

Dissolved
Oxygen
(DO)

Distance / Time

Dagat - Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant

Dagat - Dagatan Sewage Treatment Plant


RAW SEWAGE
AERATED PONDS

FACULTATIVE
PONDS

POLISHING
PONDS

AERATED PONDS

FACULTATIVE
PONDS

POLISHING
PONDS

SEWER
INTERCEPTOR

PUMPING
STATION

FILTRATE
FROM
SEPTAGE
TREATMENT
PLANT

TREATED
WASTEWATER TO
MAYPAJO
CREEK

Alabang Sewerage System


SOURCE

TRANSFER

TREATMENT

Madrigal Business
Park
Lift Station

Alabang Town
Center

Lift Station
Ayala Alabang
Village

Lift Station

Lift Station

Alabang Sewage
Treatment Plant

Communal Septic Tanks


EGL

From
Household
DIGESTIVE
CHAMBER

LEACHING
CHAMBER

LEACHING
CHAMBER

PLAN of a TYPICAL SEPTIC TANK

To Sewer
Line/Drainage
System

Communal Septic Tanks

Legal

CAPACITY = 409 cmd


Service Area = 36 ha

Upgraded to STP

Grant

CAPACITY = 621 cmd


Service Area = 37 ha

Upgraded to STP

Congressional

CAPACITY = 567 cmd


Service Area = 66 ha

Upgraded to STP

Project 8

Communal Septic Tanks


Road A, Project 7
CAPACITY
2,400 cmd sewage
240 cmd septage

Roosevelt, Project 7
CAPACITY = 93 cmd

Project 7

Sanitation services

Septage
Treatment
Plant

households

Septic tank

Vacuum
truck unit

Septage Management
SEPTAGE TREATMENT
GRIT

ACCEPTANCE UNIT
DEBRIS

SEPTIC
TANK

COLLECTION

DEWATERING
PROCESS
SLUDGE

FILTRATE

WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
TREATED FILTRATE

RECEIVING BODY OF WATER

BIOSOLIDS
FURTHER TREATMENT
1.
2.
3.

SUN DRYING
COMPOSTING
LIME STABILIZATION

Septage Collection

Dagat - dagatan Septage Treatment Plant

Wastewater Management
Existing Facilities
San Juan Sewerage System
Dagat-dagatan Sewerage
System
Central Manila Sewerage
System
Makati Isolated System
Alabang Sewerage System

2
1

11%
4

Sewerage
Sanitation

Maximize the use of the


existing network

Expand the sewerage coverage


using the combined system

Sewerage
Separate
System

Combined
System

Maintain sanitation facilities to


serve customers outside the
sewered areas

Sanitation
Desludging

Combined System

Legend
Drainage Flow
Combined Sewer Overflow
Interceptor Line
Separate Line Laterals

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

Storm Flow

Dry Weather

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

Dry Weather
Storm Flow
MAYNILAD
Sewage Treatment
Plant

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

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