2)

^^i'

^-C

'6

GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

JSoniott

HENRY FROWDE
Oxford University Press Warehouse

Amen Corner,

Qtcw

MACMILLAN &

CO.,

E.C.

'Sorft

66 FIFTH AVENUE

Fig.

Fig. 3.

4.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 5.

FRONTISPIECE.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Fig.

An Archaic Gem, probably Parthian

I.

cf.

Fig.

ImJtoof-Blumer tend Keller,

Tetradrachm

2.

PI. xxiii,

of

(Paris Coll., 1264,2

PI. xxi, 14).

Eretria

(Z>'.

M.

Cat.,

Central

Gr.,

i).

Both these subjects represent a bird on a

bull's (or cow's) back, in

opinion the pleiad in relation to the sign Taurus {vide infra, p. 31).
Fig. 2 the bull is turning round, to symbolize the tropic
in Fig. i it
;

my
In

is in

the conventional kneeling attitude of the constellation Taurus, as Aratus

describes

it \2\i.

517)

Tavpou 5 OKeXfCDV oaarj

Trepi<paivfTat

o/cA.d,

or in Cicero's translation
'

Compare

also,

Atque genu

among

flexo

Taurus connititur

ingens.'

other kindred types, the coins of Paphos, showing

a bull with the winged solar disc on or over his back

p.

355; Head, H. Nu?nonim,

p.

(/^ev.

Num.,

1883,

624, &c.)-

coin of Agrigentum, with Eagle and Crab (Head,

Aquila, which is closely associated with
p. 105).
Capricorn (cf. Manil. i. 624), sets as Cancer rises: it may figure,

Figs.

3, 4.

H. Ninnoruni,

therefore, as a solstitial sign.

Fig.

Coin of Himera, before b.c. 842, with the Cock (Head,

5.
H. Niimorttm, p. 125 cf. infra, p. 26).
;

Fig.

Athenian Tetradrachm, with Owl, Olive-twig, and

6.
Crescent Moon (Head, p. 312; cf. infra, p. 46).

Decadrachm of Agrigentum. Cf. Aesch. Agam.

Fig. 7 [on title).
The reverse of the coin shows Cancer
1 10-120 {vide infra, p. 8).
associated with the solar Quadriga.

A GLOSSARY OF

GREEK BIRDS
BY

D'ARCY

WENTWORTH THOMPSON

PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUNDEE

JUL 20

1987

UBRAR\tS

OXFORD
/

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

M DCCC XCV

PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSn V

Tni

nATPi

XOONOZ APTEIAZ APOTHP

KAPnON

riN

nOTE

ezheipe

0AAYZIA ATTA OEPIZAZ

AnOAlAHMI

RES
TATEM,

ARDUA, VETUSTIS
OBSOLETIS

NOVITATEM DARE,

NITOREM,

GRATIAM, DUBIIS FIDEM.

OBSCURIS

NOVIS

LUCEM,

AUCTORIFASTIDITIS

PlINY.

noAAoaiM re kai aAAoon toioytoon Iqti nAfiOoc ANArerpAMM6N0iM

eN TOic

haAaioTc,

onep

ei'

tic

AN iUHKOc eKxeiNEie TON AoroN.

BoyAHGem QYNAfAre^N,
Nemes.,

De

eic

Nat. Horn.

AneipON

PREFACE
This book contains materials for research in greater
measure than it presents the results of it and, accordingly,
it is not my purpose to preface it with an extended summary
of the many wide generalizations to which the assemblage
of fact and legend here recorded may seem to lead.
This
book indeed includes only a small part of the notes I have
gathered together since I began years ago, as an under;

graduate, ignorant of the difficulties of the task, to prepare

way

the

new

for a

Philosopher.

Three

edition of the Natural

points, however,

in

History of the

my

treatment of

the present subject deserve brief explanation here.

Instead of succeeding in the attempt to identify a greater

number

of species than other naturalist-commentators, dealing

chiefly with the Aristotelian birds,

have done,

contrary ventured to identify a great

tion

on

my

part

is

chiefly

due

many

less.

have on the
This limita-

to the circumstance that

have

not ventured to use for purposes of identification a large class

of statements on
relied.

ments

A
to

which others have more or

single instance

which

(especially in the

may

allude.

less confidently

serve to indicate the state-

In

the

Historia Aniinaluivi

Ninth Book, great part of which seems

character and probably in authorship from

to

me

all

but a few isolated passages of the rest of the work), in

to differ in

the works of such later writers as Pliny, Aelian and Phile,

and scattered here and there in earlier literary allusions,
we find many instances recorded of supposed hostility or
friendship between different

animals.

When we

are told,

PREFACE

Xll

for

example, that uvOos

that

is

TTtTTco

hostile to ciKavOis

is

and

to the Horse,

hostile to ttolklXC^, to Kopvhoiv, to yXuip^v's

Hawk

and to

Raven and another

to the Dove, and one Eagle to the Goose or to the Swan,
we try at first to use these statements as best we can in
epcoSio's,

that one

unravelling

probable

the

But when we

species.

Owl

hostile to the

is

identification
for

find,

the

of

instance,

respective

among

the

rest

Crow, and when we recognize

in that statement the ancient Eastern fable of the War of
the Owls and Crows, we are tempted to reject the whole
mass of such statements and to refuse them, entry into the
domain of Zoological Science. While former commentators
that the

is

hostile to the

have, with greater or

less

caution,

they have often rashly accepted

my

for

part that

in turn^

rejected

many

while rejecting a

number, have perhaps also erred

many

And

others.

much

fables,
I

fear

greater

ascribing a fabulous or

in

mystical meaning to too few.

For many such statements, and

telligible

and, at

in

first sight,

that very

for others

the terms of Natural History,

many

equally uninoffer a novel

a somewhat startling explanation

of

to wit,

them deserve not a zoological but an

astronomical interpretation.
In the spring of 1894 I read to the Royal Society of
Edinburgh a paper (which I have not yet printed) on Bird
and Beast in Ancient Symbolism'. In that essay I sought
to demonstrate the astronomic symbolism of certain ancient
monuments, especially of the great bas-relief of Cybele in
the Hermitage Museum^; secondly, of the beast and birdemblems of classical coinage'-; and lastly, of certain fables
or myths of the philosophers and poets.
'

'
This monument, a figure of which is accessible in Miss J. E. Harrison's
Mythology of Ancient Athens^ represents, according to my view, the ancient
tropics of Leo and Aquarius, with Taurus and Leo in symbolic combat in the

frieze

below.

The

identical theory, in so far as it applies to numismatic emblems, was promulgated a few months afterwards by M. Jean Svoronos in a learned and scholarly
paper, to be found in the Bulletin de Correspondance Hellcnique for 1894; but
^

the theory

was not so novel

nexion with coins or gems,

as
it

is

AL Svoronos and
explicitly

supposed

it

to be.

In con-

and admirably stated by Gorius,

De

PREFACE

Many
in

illustrations

of this theory of

the pages of this Glossary^.

in

is

by

turn defeated

it,

constellation Aquila, which

after

mine

Suffice

it

will

be found

to say here, in

Eagle which attacks the Swan

briefest illustration, that the

and

Xlll

is,

rises

according to
in

my

view, the

the East immediately

in the West, goes down a little

more northern constellation that Haliaetus
the Sun and Moon in opposition, which rise

Cygnus, but, setting

while before that

and Ciris are

and set alternately, like the opposite constellations of Scorpio
and Orion with which the poet compares them.
Among many other opinions and testimonies to the same
effect, let us listen to the words of a Father of the Church
The ancients believed that the legends about Osiris and
Isis, and all other mythological fables [of a kindred sort],
have reference either to the Stars, their configuration, their
risings and their settings, or to the wax and wane of the
:

Moon,

or to the cycle of the Sun, or to the diurnal

nocti-diurnal hemispheres

The proof and

and

^.'

the acceptance of such a theory as this

are linked with considerations far-reaching in their interest.

The theory has

its

bearing on our

orientation of temple-walls;

meant when he

it

new knowledge

of the

helps to explain what Quintilian

said that acquaintance with

Astronomy was

an understanding of the Poets the wide-spread

astronomic knowledge which it presupposes may account for
the singular interest in and admiration of the didactic poem
essential to

of Aratus, the poem translated by Germanicus and Cicero

and quoted by St. Paul and the whole hypothesis points to
a broad distinction between two great orders of Myth.
Myths are spontaneous or literary, natural or artificial.
Some come to us from the Childhood of Religion and the
Childhood of the World
dream-pictures as it were from
the half-opening eyes of awakening intelligence, archaic traces
of the thoughts and ways of primitive and simple men
these
;

Gcmmis

Astrifcris,

legend, of the

1750

and a kindred but exaggerated development,

same hypothesis forms

the

method of Dupuis.

Cf. pp. 8, 28, 31, 63, 107, 121, 132, 192, &c.

'

Euseb. Pr. Ev.

iii.

c.

4.

in regard to

PREFACE

XIV

and customs that are presented to

But others, and these for
astronomic
the most part are
myths, belonging to a relatively
later age, were artificially invented of the wise, to adorn,
they had their
preserve, or conceal their store of learning
birth in cultured homes of deep religion, of treasured science,
are the folk-lore tales

by the school of Mannhardt.

us

Both orders of Myth come to us with

of exalted poetry.

the glamour of antiquity, and each has for us a diverse but

perennial interest
a aTa(pvK\i (TTa(^ls iari, Kat ov p68ou avov okfurai.

The

distinction

between these two orders of Myth was

critic ^
he drew the dis-

pointed out long ago by an ancient

tinction clearly, but the tales of folk-lore, puerile in his eyes,

found no echo of sympathy

in

We, on

the old scholar's heart.

the other hand, have learned nowadays to say with the poet
oSf fxavTis OS ov8'

'AicXttijs

The

oaa

TralSey 'laacrip

great Signs of the Heavens are as old as our knowledge

of the months and years, and about them poet-watchers of the

wove an imperishable web of imagery. Of this kind are

Voyage in quest of the Golden Fleece^, and the Twelve
Labours of the Hero-God
and I have attempted to show
how into the same fabric are woven tales of Aetos and
Haliaetos, of Halcyon and Ciris, of Stymphalian perhaps also

stars

the

'^

Ot

fiiy

yap

rujv ao(pcvy ixv$oi ntpi diSiajv flal irpayixarcDV, ol Se tu>v rraiSaiv ntpi

iyxpovoov KOi apitcpwv koI

Iambi. V. Pythag. 23,

^
''

Apoll. Rh.
'

Auf

die

iii.

ol p.tv vofpoLv exovfft tt]v

dKriOuav,

ol Si

xap,anriTfi

icai

Tim. Cf. also Porph.V. Pythag. (41) 42,

and other commentators on the Pythagorean Symbols.

ovStv inpTjKbv evSeiKvvp.iVTji'

Procl. in Plat.

930.

Argonauten hatte

Motive darin, und gewiss

ich

immer

liessen sich

ein Zutrauen

....

Es liegen herrliche
Goethe to

noch manche daraus entwickelu

'

Schiller, Letter 496.

*

An

English scholar very recently propounded the view that the Hind with the

Golden Horns was a reindeer

^ly-qaw KfpdSos xpvaiov Kipas'

ov 5( KaXiaao)

IrjKiKov 'Hpaickija pirjs f\d(poio tpofTJa'

yii]

TpojxepTjs i\dipov pufivrjOKfo.

Nonn.

Dionys. xxv. 223.

XV

PREFACE
Diomedian and Memnonian

of

Singing Swans.

All these

Birds, of Pleiad-Doves

come

to us from the

Rainbow they are dwellers in Fairyland.

Akin to this enterprise of tracing allusions

the

and

Land beyond

science of the Stars in art

and legend,

and statements, of the Greeks,

ascribe

is

to the ancient

in neglected phrases

the effort

have made to

non- Aryan languages names used by Hellenic

to

many legendary
The Master told his pupils

as well as for

writers for

that the gods

shipped under other names were,

many

real Birds.

whom men

wor-

the childhood of religion,

in

the Sun, the Moon, and the Stars of Heaven, to which

many

and he told them also that

one who should seek to explain by Greek all the words
of Greek should surely go astray, for that many w'ords in
daily use were borrowed from barbaric speech ^.
The astronomic science that the ancients loved and understood, as do the wise men of China and Arabia to this day,
was not the gift of Greece alone, but was the accumulated
barbarians

bowed down

still

gain of ages of antecedent civilization by the River of Egypt

and the Four Rivers of Chaldaea

and Eastern imagination

veiled in mysterious allegory the ancient treasures of Eastern

lore.

If the quest

after

trace the esoteric

non- Aryan words and the attempt to

meaning of

fables to a science

its origin on alien soil are to be justified,

which had

we must

cease

between the Greeks and their Eastern

That gulf, if gulf there
It was crossed by
was, was crossed again and again.
the migrations of races, by the tramp of armies, by the sails
in a gulf

to believe

contemporaries and predecessors.

commerce by the progress of religions, by the influence

by the humble footsteps of philosophers, seeking
wisdom like Dervish-pilgrims of the Eastern or Wandelnde

of

of art,

Studenten of the Western world.

1

Plat. Cratyl., p. 397.

'

Ibid., p.

aWa
The

fiTj

Kar

409

doctrine of

'

ravTa Kara

Ei' rts ^rjToi

kKiivrjv, i^

fjs

to ovofxa

Loan-words

'

rfjv 'EWrjvtKfiv (pajv^iv dij tiKorais Ketrai,

tv/x"'"^!- ov, oiada

on

diropoi dv.

thus adumbrated in the Cratylus,

certain limits,

a commonplace of philology

quest for such

Loan-words may end.

but

is

EIkotois ye.

now, within

we do not know where

the

PREFACE

XVI

As

the

White Doves came from Babylon

or the Meleagrian

Birds from the farther Nile, so over the sea and the islands

came Eastern legends and Eastern names.

studies

must not blind us

And

to the presence in an

our Aryan
Aryan tongue

of these immigrants from Semitic and Egyptian speech, or

from the nameless and forgotten language that was spoken

by the gods.
D.

W.

T.

GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

"AFAY.

6 KvKvos, VTTO 2Kv0a)v,

'ATO'P'

dfTos, KvTTpioi,

Hesych.

Hesych.

Bochart (Hieroz. II. c. xi, coll. 79, 80) shows good reason
supposing that aeros here should read yepapos, and that ayop
xxxviii. 14).
Is.
merely Heb. "lljy, a crane (Jerem. viii. 7
;

Lewysohn, Zool.

'AfPAKO'MAI'

d.

Talmuds,

opvii TLs

and a mimic, Ael.

viii.

gestive of the Indian

S. V.

bird.

Hesych.

Hke a Blackbird, black, musical,

It is

The

24.

is

Cf.

169.

i'TTo U.apcjiiXuii',

An unknown

'ArPEY'l.

p.

for

Mynah, but

it

descripiion
is

in the

is

main

somewhat sugVide

mystical.

Karpcus.

'AAflNHl'l,

S. V.

'AErZKn*!*, vide

'AEAAO'Z, an

'AETO'I.

s. v.

478).

fj

;(eXt8a)i/,

Hesych.

o-kw\|/.

unknown

vide

ii.

aTjSoJl'.

'AEPOKO'PAE, vide
'AE'POvJ;,

Creuzer, Symb.

d8w'T]l's (cf.

s.

Cf. drj^ovis,

s. v.

bird,

Hesych.

Kopa^.

s. V. p.e'poij'.

Ep. and Ion. ahTikalr]ros

in Find. P.iv, Arat. 522, 591,

&c.

d?jToy,

Arat. 315; al^eros, for alferns, Hesych. Dim. dfTtSei'y, Ael. vii. 47, Aesop,
Fab. I. deros is said to be 'the flyer,' //te Bird,' from root af or vz,
^

of Sk.

vi'-s,

Lat. avis,

ol-wv-6s (Curt.)

and

and of Gk.

at-yvir-ws

CVx

the absence of

cf.

the same root perhaps in

Greek use of ola)v6s also the
in M. Gk. for Vulture.
Never:

the

and opveov
Eagle-names similar

Lat. use of a/es for Eagle,

theless,

(Irjpi

to

ueros in other Indo-

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

AETOI

{continued).

European languages

so striking, that

is

suspect for

it

a non-Aryan

root.

An

Eagle, the generic word

dpyiOTTous,

p.eXameTOS,

Xaywliok'os,

see also

daTcpias,

dp|i(J>os,

KUKCias,

iSeut',

I'Pii'OS,

TruYapyoS,

irXaYyoS)

kT]TTo4)6i'os,

fxopejjros,

dkrap,

dXideros.

dKoXeiis,

cupup.e'Suk',

H. A. viii. 3, 592 b, ix. 32,618 b, 619 a; on the

Cuvier ad Plin. x. 3, ed. Grandsaigne, whose iden-

Xpuo-deros, &c.: v. Arist.

species of Eagles
tifications,

cf.

however,

like those of

my

are in

Sundevall (Thierarten des Aristoteles,

Swedish, K. Akad. Wetensk. Stockholm, 1862),

opinion to be received with caution. Besides the Osprey,

Stockholm, 1863, also

in

Pandion Haliaefus, and the Short-toed Eagle,

Circa'etus gallicus, the

A. Chrysaetus,
A. pennata, and Haliaehis albicilla.
Though occasional passages may be descriptive of the habits of one
rather than another of these species, there is no evidence of any of
these having been recognized as distinct such names as dXiaei-oy, \iiknvnerof and Xayw(^oVos have a mystical or symbolic rather than a descriptive or specific meaning. On the confusion of the Eagles with the
Vultures, vide infra. Eagles are common in Greece, though (Xen.
Venat. v. 24) absent from many of the islands, for want of hills. On
the Eagle in classical art and mythology cf O. Keller, Thiere d. cl.
following true Eagles are regular inhabitants of Greece,

A.

A. naevia, A.

heliaca,

Bonelli,

Alterthums, pp. 236-276, 430-452.

Epithets.

Hom.

S. -X'/Xr/s"), d'lQav,

Amat.

Ag. 115,

Plut.

v^nriTrji

s. irij/LTTeTrjeis

0tXTaros-

(II.

II.

Ar. Eq. 197

ayK.vkoyi'CKx]'; (cf.

Sextos, Kapriaros
iv. 9),

Kcii

/3iip<raieToy ayKvkn^(,iKr\i

d^vTaros SepKeadat, reXeioraro?

(cf Soph.

Oenom.

fr.

423, Horap.

Hes. Th. 523 Tavdnrfpos

xxiv. 310).

xxiv. 317, Orphic. Lith. 124).

Aesch.

[okkttos nerer]vS>v, fxeXas (cf.

Pind. P.

i.

6,

(II. viii.

Find. P.

(cf.

247),

56, &c.).

ii.

Ad

v. 112,

Isthm. vi apx^s

v. 48,

Aesch. Ag. 115 Ar. Eq. 1087

Ael. ix. 2.; Nic. Ther. 448
Callim. Hymn. Jov. 68 Ovid, Met. iv. 362
the Eagle was an Egyptian symbol for the king, according to Horap.
ii. 56, and was worshipped as a royal bird by the Thebans, Diod. Sic.
01.

ol<ji>v5>v,

xiii.

21 ^aaiXevi ola>vav

(cf.

i.
a royal emblem also at Babylon, Philostr. Iniagg. 386 K.
87, 9)
Aesch. Pr. V. 1024 Atos ttttjvos Kva>v, 8a(poiv6s aleros
Soph. fr. 766
<rKr]TTTo^dficx)v aleros, Kvav Alos (cf. Ar. Av. 5 1 5, Pind. P. i. 6).
Aesch.
Suppl.2I2, Soph. Aj. 1040, Eur. Ion 159, &C.: Zrjvos opvis, Zrjvos nuros,
;

Zr)vos

Ki]pv^.

Kpovidao
I. v.

Antip. Sid. xcii in Gk. Anth. (Jac.) ii. 33 "Opvi, Ai6s

Arat. Phen. 522 Zrjvos iJLtyas ayyeXos. Schol. Pind.

biciKTope.

See also Porphyr. De Abstin. iii.

53 SioVo/xTTo? auTos.
fiVi KTjpvKes aXXot d'XXwj' deoov, Alos p-ep deros, k.

di'dpaiTTois

Dionys. xxiv. 120 aleros

(Aesch.
tipTjS

fr.

Niob.)

aleros,

rjye^oveve

Si' rjepos

TTvpcpopoia-if alerols.

olavmu povvos

e'TTOvpavios,

avrirvnos Zevs.

Bianor

in

fr.

Nonn.

Ar. Av. 1248

Gk. Anth.

Cf. Eurip.

opvides rois

r. X.

ii.

143

866 anns

rjepo-

fiev dfjp

AETOZ
AETOI

Uontinucd).

aUra

TOTTOV KaOopa'

opveav.)

0pp. Venat.

fier'

H. A.

(Cf. Arist.

Trepciaif^os.

TrXfi(TTOv

Sm.

<j

Sumep

619 b

32,

deiov

8e niTerai, ottok:

iiyj/ov

avOpconol

ot

281 ahros aWeploiaiv iniBvuiv yvaXoiaiv.

i.

e'lrl

p,6vov

eivai

(jiaa-Lv

tcov

Quint.

354 Dii^vSiv TrpocpepfO-TUTOs. 0pp. Hal. ii. 539 oaaov yap Kov(f>oi(Ti
olmvcnmv avanTes, aUroi. Phile, De Aq. v^j/idpofins, KapriaTOi 6pv'i6u>v,
iii.

nrrjvoKpdrcop.

Eurip.

fr.

1049 (Cram. An. Gr. Oxon.

452)

ii.

yv\lr, Kvfiiv8is,

afTos, 6 Xwcrros ovros Koi (piXo^eveoTaTos.

dcTOS o Ku\.
fiei^aiv

re

oXiyaKis axTTVfp

H. A.

ii.

ix.

Ku/iii/Str

usually taken, as

is

39, to

619

32,

ptyicrTos

dtTwv

tu>i/

n7ruPTa>v,

deTOiv kol rjfiioXios, )(po)pa ^avdos, (paiverai 5e

KaXovpevrj

r)

This

p-opcljuos.

Ael.

H. A.

Arist.

ypTjaios.

ttjs (prjVTj^, Ta>v S'

mean

Plut.

cf.

also the

is

Amat.

iv.

vide

S. V.

or do-repms of

xp^'^'^^'i'o^

the Golden Eagle, Ag. Chrysaetus (L.)

the

former birds are however said by both authors to be very rare, whereas
the

Golden Eagle

the

is

commonest eagle

Aristotle's statement as to its size

The passage

media magnitudine).
by the allusions to
corrtiptae origitiis

Many

yfjjo-tof.

habits

vi. 6,

619 b Tovs
this last

On

4"')'^^

Pliny's phrase solianque in-

'

more

of the general references to deroi- apply

e. g.

563 tIktu rpla

x. 3,

obscure and mythical, as shown

is

but perhaps incorrect translation of

literal

Aq. Chrysaetus,

closely to

and

KvpifSis
is

Greece (Heldreichj.

in

modified by Pliny (H. N.

is

cod,

H. A.

Arist.

eVwd^ei

SacruTTodas ovk fvdvs XajujSdj/et,

iTfp\

dXX

els

619,

TpiaKovra

ijp.fpas

Ael.

of snakes

the other

or less

nesting

its

ix.

32,

to Tre8iov edcrns npoeXde'iv,

statement being, however, very obscure

hand accounts of the capture

the combat with the Dragon (Arist. H. A. ix.

32,

ix.

ii.

&c.

39, &c.,

and

stories of

i, 609 Tpo(f)i]i' ydp noieiTai

Aesch. Choeph. 245 Soph.
Antig. 1 10-126 ; Nonn. Dion. xl. 476; Nic. Theriac. 448 Aes.Fab.120;
cf.Virg. Aen. xi. 751 ; Hor. Carm. iv. 4 Ovid, Met. iv. 712 Flav. Vopisc.
De Aurel. iv), are based on the habits of Circa'etiis gallicus, the Short-

Toi's ocpeis 6

diTus

Ael. xvii. 37

200

II. xii.

Lammer-

toed Eagle, which feeds on reptiles, and partly also of the

geier.

In Imhoof-Blumer and Keller's Thierbilder

we have

Chalcis in Euboea showing an Eagle with the snake in

also

(pi.

V.

a similar coin of Cyrene

9)

which the

in

its

coins of

beak, and

bird's

head

is

evidently a Lammergeier's.

The Vultures were

frequently confused under the

Aesch. Ag. 138 (jTvyel 8e delnvov nUru>v: as also

metheus, e.g. Hes. Th. 523; Aesch. Pr. V. 1022
Tusc.

ii.

D. Deor.

10; Apoll.
i.

(i.

Aeschylus, Ael.

Rh.

ii.

1254, 1263,

205), &c., &c.

iii.

and

vii. 16, Plin. x. 3,

851

name

d^Tos,

in the story of
;

e.

Pr. Sol. ap. Cic.

Lucian, Prom. 20

(i.

g.

Pro-

Q.

203)

as in the story of the death of

Valer.

Max.

ix.

12. 2,

Didym. Chalc.

Hesych. Onomast. c. 16, where the deros was

evidently a Lammergeier, on whose propensity to feed on tortoises v.
ed. Ritter, 1845, pp. 84 &c.,

Tristram, Fauna of Palestine,

p. 94,

B 2

see also Ibis, 1859, p. 177

cf.

Aes.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

4
AETOI

./ontiimed],.

Fab. 419; Babr. 115.

(On the mythical character of the Aeschylus
legend cf. Teuffel, Rh. Mus. ix. 148, 1854; Piccolomini, Sulla morte
favolosa di Eschilo, Pisa, 1883
Keller, op. c. pp. 257, 444.)
;

The

description in Arist. H. A.

aij)ia6aL

cmo

rrjs yrjs'

ix.

8e TrereTat,

vv//-o{}

32 e(j!)' v\l/rj\coi/ KnOl^ei 8ia t6 ^paSeais

onas eVl TrXetoroi' tottov Kodopq, k. T.X.,

suggests rather the habit of the Griffon Vulture

is

also the

Ael.

26,

ii.

Eagle alluded to
Horap. i. 11, ii. 56.

'

'

terms

in like

The

in

(v.

wfpKvonTfpos),

Job xxxix. 28

Griffon Vulture

of the East, the standard of the Assyrian

is

which
also

cf.

the royal bird

and Persian armies (Xen. Cyr.

Habakkuk i. 8; whence probably the Roman

Eagle), and the Eagle-headed God Nisroch (2 Kings xix. 37) of the
Assyrians (cf. Tristram, Fauna of Palestine, p. 95 see also Hammer,
Hist. Osman.
The
p. 50, Creuzer's Symbolik, iii. pp. 649, 756, &c.).
vii.

I.

4, cf. Is. xlvi. II,

i.

crested Eagles of Assyrian sculpture

Wood's Baalbec,
of the solar emblem, and
Ann. and Mag. N. H. (3)
xvi

pi.

pi.
it

(cf.

Pocock's Descr. of the East,

xxxiv), are merely a further

is

xiii.

unnecessary to suppose

II.

development

(as

does Hogg,

1864, p. 520) that they are copied from

an actual crested species.

The

Persians, reverencing the Eagle, admired the aquiline nose

cultivated

it

Olympiod.

Tav (vvov)(wv ra

ypvmk

to

i.

c. 16, p.

153

KaWos dianXoTTovai

tcwtoxi popia eis

TToioi'VTes, fvheiKVvpevoi.

Kai 6 deros

in Plat. Alcib.

rjyejjLnviKov (Ivni Ka\

ecrriv cos jSaa-iKiKos

cf.

ol

ypvirrjV Ka\ rfjv piva

^ncrikiKov top nnlBa' ovtoi

Hyde, Rel.

fine description of the Eagle's flight in Apuleius, Florid,

i.

p.

118 (lUTOs 6 Zevs rjXdfv en

firjTfpa TTjs 'EXfvrjs:

Hor. Car.

On

iv.

avriOfov Tavvprjhrjv, kvkvos

The

ibid.

^nv6i)v

Theocr. xv. 124; Lucian, D. Deor. iv. i (i. 208),

statue of Leochares, Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 19, 29.
Ilia, &c.
Hygin. P. Astr. ii.

Aquila,

Manil. Astron.

e'nl

The

4.

The

coins of Chalcis, Dardanos,

constellation

yap

vet. Pers. p. 374.

Myth and legend The story of Prometheus, v/We supra.

The story of Ganymede. Strato in Gk. Anth. iii. p. 82 Anon.
IV.

and

SoKovpres apKnoi

v.

16,

story referred to the

Germanic. Phen. 317,

486, &c.

the Swan pursued by an Eagle

Eurip. Hel.
combat with the Swan, freq., e.g. II. xv. 692,
Arist. ap. Ael. V. H. i. 14, Phile xv. 10, Statius Theb. iii. 524, viii. 675,
ix. 858, &c.
On coins of Mallos in Cilicia, and Camarina (Eckhel,
Doctr. Numm. i. i. 201, Imhoof-Blumer and Keller, pi. vi. 16, 17, &c.).
17-22.

story of

Leda

The Eagle

in

The Eagle with Dolphin on

especially

coins of Sinope,

on the Black Sea and Hellespont,

symbolic of the fish-trade (op.

also been referred to the Eastern

Ind. Liter. 1S82, p. 257), but

is

c.

p.

262)

emblem

is

the

of Eros

and other towns,

taken by Keller as

Dolphin here has

Weber, Hist, of

(cf.

more probably simply the

constellation

AETOZ
AETOI

conti)iucd).

(cf. Manil. Astron. i. 353).

See for other views,
Welcker, Der Delphin und der tlymnus des Arion, Rhein. Mus. i.

adjacent to Aqiiila

pp. 392-400, 1833.

The myth

of Nisus

Met.

198, Ovid,

and Scylla

p. 259)
see also E. Siecke,
1884, vide s. V. dXideros.
;

The

or Ciris, Virgil

De Niso

vi

myth, O. Keller,

et Scylla in

Agamemnon,

transmigration of

Periphas of Attica, Anton. Lib. Met.

I.e.

aves mutatis, Berlin,

Rep.

Plato,

Ov. Met.

Hygin. Fab.

Ciris,

(?)

146, &c. (a Semitic solar

viii.

620

x. p.

King

of

399(cf.Th. Panofka,

vii.

Zeus und Aegina, Berlin 1836) of King Merops of Cos, Anton. Lib.
Met. XV. Cf. the ceremony at the consecration of a dead Emperor
;

dfroy acpierai crvv

ovpavov

e's

iv. 2. II

jSao-iXeco?

Dio Cass.

cf.

The Eagle

dveXV(T6fj.fvos is top aldepn,

tcB jrupl

tov

rfjv

Ivi.

as a portent

42, Ixxiv.

(a.

AeL

xii.

21

ii.

3,

s. v.

Ael.

Adyos

xiii. i

portent of death

the Eagle in augury

yrjs

Herodian,

of the Phrj'gian dynasty

of the Persian

cf. II. viii.

xii.

247,

p.

i.

by
by Achaemenes,

xii. 16. 5.

diros einKa6ea6e\s

ddvarov uvtm papTevfrni, Artemid. Oneirocrit.

On

dno

(f)epei.v

5.

with the birth of Alexander, Justinus

The Eagle a

of

'PiofMLoiv,

TeXewraTos) in connexion with the founding

of the Ptolemaic dynasty, Suid.

Gordius, Arrian, Anab.

vno

"^vxijv TnarevfTai

rfj

KecpuXrj

tov IBuvtos

12 (ed. Hercher).

200,

Od.

146, xx. 242,

ii.

Aesch. Ag. 115, Ar. Vesp. 15, &c. doubtless also referred to, though
unnamed, in such passages as Orph. Lith. 45, Aesch. Sept. c. T. 24, Pr. V.
:

486
ii.

48

&c.

more frequent in Latin, e.g. Liv. i. 24; Cic. De Divin. i. 47,

Sueton. Octav. 94, 96, 97 Valer. Max. i. 4. 6, Plut. Brutus xxxvii.
See Hopf, Thierorakel, pp. 87 et seq. Spanheim in Callim. Hymn.
still

Jov. 69.

On

Eagles

in the

Mithraic mysteries, Porphyr.

De

Abst.

the Etruscans understood the language of eagles, ibid.

An Eagle's nest with seven eggs (!),

An Eagle's nestling in symbolism and
Leemans tn loc).
The mythical genealogy
eais
K.

How

k. t.
(p>]vr]

cf.

4 (52),

How

A.

cf.

rears

ii.

(cf.

young, Arist. H. A.

Tovrav nepKvol

ylverat, (k 5e

<prjVr)

<j>ili'T],

ix.

&c.

32, 619, Antig. Hist.

Mirab.

Plin. X. 3.

the Eagle feeds and defends

towards them, Ael.

Deut.

as a portent, Plut. Marius, xxxvi.

OeoKpoi/os, dXideros,

its

How

Arist. De Mirab. 835 a, i. (6oj

twv iyyovav aXiaieros yiVerni napaXXu^,

eK de aXiauTcop

av av(vyn yfvrjTai.

yvnes,

iv. 16.

4.

dream-prophecy, Horap.

of the Eagle

fK TOV ^(vyovs Se tu>v dtTutv duTepnv

iii.

ii.

40,

0pp. Ven.

xxxii. 11), but nevertheless casts

i(TTi (})6ovep6s Kal

o^vneivos,

en

its

young, and

115, Arist.

them

H. A.

is

affectionate

ix.

32,

619

(cf.

out, 8ia 4>6uvov, cpiafi ydp

8e 6^vXn(3ijs, Arist. ibid.

How

it

lays three

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

AETOI

{contiimeir).

and rears one, Musaeus ap. Arist. vi. 6, 563,

Jf'pn^, Horap. ii. 99 riKToiv yap rpia ma,

eggs, hatches two,

X.

a similar statement of

fiovov fniXeyerai kui Tpecpet,

(Kfiuov Tov x,pnvov Tovs

aXkn 8vo

Be

Tci

kXo.'

tovto de ttokI,

8i.a

Plin.
to ip

to kot

anojSaXKeiv, Koi ivTevO^v pq bvvaadai tu rpia

'ovv)(a.s

^pe(f>i] Tpe(peiv.

How, when
Tjpepas,

01

(cf.

goes without food,

it

Horap.

i. 1

(cat

Tois TfKvois Tore ylvuvrai )(aXeTroi,

yevq opoia nepi ra TeKvn, nXX 6 nvyapyos )(nXt7r6s,

tuiv cieTmv

tci

orrwr pr] apna^rj tovs t5>v

ovv ovv^es airov 8iacrTpe(f)ovTai oXiyas

01 re

1).

nrfpa XfVKaiveTai, wcrrf

Kcii TCI

navTa 8e

oil

brooding,

(jKvpvovs

$T)picov

8e peXaves evreKvoi nepi tijv Tpo(}irjv eiaiv, Arist.

The sharp

H. A.

vi. 6,

563-

and how

sight of the Eagle, opvlOav d^vcoTrea-mTos,

its gall

mingled with honey is an ointment for the eyes, Ael. i. 42 Plin. xxix. 38,
&c. Cf. II. xvii. 674, Alciphr. iii. 59 yopybv to ^Xeppa Prov. deTwdts /3Xe'TTfii', Lucian Icarom. 14 (ii. 769), Hor. Sat. i. 3. 26, &c.
How the Eagle's
offspring look straight at the sun, and the bastards, being by this test
discovered, are cast out, Ael. ii. 26, cf. Arist. H. A. ix. 34, 620, Antig.
Mirab. 46 (52), Lucan ix. 902, Lucian, Pise. 46 (i. 613), Sil. Ital. x. 107,
Petron. Sat. 120, Claudian HI. Cons. Hon. Praef, 12, Plin. x. (3)4, Dion.
;

De Avib.

i.

Apul. Florid,

3,

Hexaem.

2, Basil.

i.

viii. 6.

177, Eust.

Hexaem.

Mor. Manich. xvi. 50, Julian. Imp. Epp. 16 (386 C),

Cf. Chaucer,
18, id. Carm. ii. 150, Phile i. 14.
40 (418 d), Eunod. Ep.
that with his sharpe look perceth
P. of Fowles, 331 'the royal egle
the sun.' On the Egyptian origin of this fable, see Keller, op. c. p. 268,
^nd cf. Horap. i. 6, il. The Solar Myth is also oriental, and in the
Rig-veda the sun is frequently compared to a Vulture or Eagle hovering
viii. 6.

952, S. August.

i.

in the air.

The Eagle
0VT
cf.

Trrjyrjs

Arist.

exempt from

is

H. A.

18,

viii.

fable, Keller op.

ix.

pdXXov, koi TeXos XipcS

is

however

noXvv xpofov
It

by

Tr)i/

o-vp(})vTov,

tortoises as a

ix.

dTiodvi]<TKOv<Tiv.

ttot

eTTiXeytTni 8e

S)v jj^iKijae ^evoi;

Arist.

Plin. x. 14.

c. 6,

long-lived, paKpo^ios

S'

earlv'

veoTTiav tijv avTi)v diapeuetv, Arist.

Ael.

vi.

ix.

10 (poi'os ocnrep koi

deiXi^s'

32, 619.

De

46, Phil.

remedy, Dion.

hours of feeding

dpiaTov pexpi'

H. A.

Cf. Antig.

feeds on grass, Ael.

Its

dptivoop ecTTi

46 (52), Horap. ii. 96 (where the Eagle is

that reason an Egyptian symbol for an old and stan-ing

32, 619.

said to be for
man), Epiphan. ad Physiol,
It

26 ovdenoTe atroj

5t'\|/'ovs

but perishes of hunger (also an Egyptian

ws ToiJTn ndcrxei 8i6ti avdpunroi

Tis Koi pvdos,

ii.

267), yrjpda-Kovai 5e tois derols to pvyxos av^dveTai to

C.

avo) yapyj/ovpevov del

H. A.

601 b

H. A.
dXXa Koi

thirst, Ael.

delrai ovre yXix^Tat KovlcTTpas,

De

wpa

8e

Av.

Aw?

SrjXov 8e tovto ck tov

H. A.

An. Pr. 668, and

i.

ix.

32,

KeKXrjrai), is

619

b.

poisoned

in sickness eats

3.

tuv ipyd^eadai.

tierw

kcu

TreTeadai

dn'

to yap ew6ev KadrjTai peXP'- ^yopds nXijdvovcrrji, Arist.

AETOZ
AETOI

{continued).

Its feathers are incorruptible, Ael. ix. 2, Plut.

4 its right wing buried

Geopon. i. 14, 2.
(3)

in the

How

walks with

it

ground

Q. Conv.

10, Plin. x.

i.

an insurance against

keep

toes turned in, to

its

is

hail,

claws sharp, Plut.

its

De

Curios. 12.
Is hostile to f'pwStof,

610 a v^pis,
Anton. Lib. 14
ib.

ib.

Od.

615 b;

'iyx^'kvs,

Ael.

H. A.

rpoxif^os, Arist.

o-i'ttj;,

12,

Kopwv-q, Ael. xv.

and

et Inv. iv. p. 650),

quered, Ael.

xvii.

24

Anim.

kvkuos, ib. 12,

and

to ve^pos

615

609

b,

609 b, alyvnuk,
Nicand. ap.

i,

Trtn-co,

Aristoph. Hist. Anim. Epit.

II, as well as to bpuKav, Arist. ix. i,

vii.

ix.

22;

ii.

(cf.

239

Ael.

by which
H. A.

dXmnr]^, Arist.

nokvirovs,

ii.

last
ix.

26, Plut.

con-

it is

619

32,

bj,

hostile also to x^F (Od. xv. 161), dopKtk,

Aayuj (Orphic. Lith. 147), ravpos, Phile. Cf Plin. x. (74) 95.
Plut. Sol.

cf.

It

xxxi. 7

places the herb KoXXirpixov in

The Eagle a symbol

Dionys.

v.

239

eKkifir)

nest for a charm, Geopon. xv.

its

of the Nile, Diod. Sic.

Ai'-yvTrros] Koi 'Aeri'a

[17

i, 19.

Cf Eustath.

19. 2.

i.

in

cf Bryant's Anc. Mythol.

symbol of the year, Artemid. Oneirocr. ii. 20, as the

by Horap. i. 11 of elevation, Horap.
6;
of the sun on the equator, Clem. Alex. Strom, v. 567.
For the explanation of these hieroglyphs, into which the emblem of the Vulture enters
pp. 19, 378.

i.

Vulture

is

also said to be

i.

as a phonetic element, see Lauth, Sitzungsber. Bay. Ak. 1876, p. 81.

king

who

remote from and disdainful of

lives

figured as an Eagle

ovtos yap iv

to'is

yyjrrjXoTepos Travrcov tSov TreTeivrnvlnTaTai,

The white Eagle

iv. 17,

eagle

The

xiii.

62,

How

Pythagoras lured an Eagle

Porph. V. Pyth.

25, Plut.

Numa

constellation Aquila, Eurip. Rh. 530 pkcra

Petavii Var. Diss.,

lib. v. c.

14)

constellation Aquila

F.

732 grata lovi fulvae rostra videbis avis

is

aquilae oriuntur chronice.]

magni praepes adunca

lovis

S'

at

Olympia, Iambi.

viii.

afcroy oipavnu TTOTdmi

Arat. Phen. 313, Hygin.

The
v.

56.

ii.

was probably a symbol for the town of Croton, on whose coins an

displayed (cf. Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins, i. c. 20, also Creuzer, Symb.

V. Pyth.

(cf.

Horap.

of Pythagoras, Iambi. V. Pyth. xxviii. 142, Ael. V. H.

is

602, fooitiote).

ii.

his people is pre-

epripois tottoi? e;^ei ri^v veoaaidv, Ka\

iii.

15,

&c.

frequently referred to in Latin; e.g. Ov.

Ib. vi. 194

;

[viii.

Kal. Jun.

quaeritis astra.

si

Rostra

Tunc

oritur

Cf

Aquila oritur chronice.]

[Kal. Jun.

Germanic. Phaen. 692 redit armiger uncis Unguibus,

cf. ib. 610, &c.
On the
ante omnes gratus tibi, luppiter, Ales
mythology of the Eagle in connexion with the constellation Aquila,
Columella

xi.

see also Eratosth.

c.

29,

Hygin. P. Astr.

ii.

16, for, /;//. a/., the stories

of the metamorphosis of Ethemea, of the Eagle that brought Venus'

slipper to

Mercury

(cf.

Strabo

xvii.

that portended victory to Jove in his

The comphcated mythology

808, Ael. V. H.

xiii.

33), the eagle

combat with the Titans, &c.

of the Eagle baffles analysis.

It

is

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

AETOZ

{continued).

sometimes evidently a solar emblem, as

is

Spvis in

T.r]vo^

Aesch. Suppl.

manner probably a translation of the

'golden hawk' of Egyptian Horus. In its combat with the Hare, the
Swan, the Bull, the Dragon, and so forth, these latter are probably
symbolic of their stellar name-sakes, and in such cases, the hostile
Eagle is, in the main, a stellar and not a solar emblem. The following
212.

Its

name

xp^^'"^''''^^ is

in like

are the principal facts in connexion with the constellation Aquila which

seem

to bear

on the mythology of the Eagle.

with the Dolphin, and shortly after, and as

It

rose nearly together

were

it

in pursuit of, the

Lion rose, whose

Hare and the Dogit set together with Aquarius, known also as
star rising simultaneously
Ganymede the cup-bearer, and it was close beside and rose together
It is not far distant from the constelwith the Arrow of Sagittarius.
it
lation Lyra, which last constellation is also known as the Vulture
and the Eagle are known respectively to later writers (and to the Arabs)
as Aquila or Vultur cadens and volans or yv^ Kadrjfievos and TTfTtJ/iej/or,
nesr-el-waki and nesr-el-tair, whence our modern names Vega and
(See for Arabic and other
Altair applied to their two principal stars.

Swan and

the Serpent of Ophiuchus

leading star Regulus was also called

it

set as the

(iaaiXia-Kos,

the

references, Ideler, Sternnamen, pp. 67, 106, &c.

Notae ad Imagg.

pp. 54, 60, &c., &c.)

also Grotius' Aratus,

Aquila rose together with the

but Lyra or the Vulture, rising a little earlier,

have been the true paranatellon of that sign accordingly it
is probably not the true Eagle but the Vulture or Aquila cadens, which,
substituted for the unlucky Scorpion, figures with the other three
cardinal signs of Leo, Taurus, and Aquarius, in the familiar imagery of
Ezek. i. 10, X. 14, and Rev. iv. 7. A so/ar myth is discussed s. v. aXideros.
The combat with the Hare is interesting from its representation on a
famous decadrachm of Agrigentum, as well as for the equally mystical
description in Aesch. Ag. 115 ^ouKofievoi Xayivav.
(The symbolism connected with the Hare seems to me to be peculiarly complicated and
difficult, and all tentative hypotheses are more than commonly liable to
be overthrown.) The Eagle with the Serpent or Dragon occurs not
only in classical coinage (Chalcis, Agrigentum, Gortyna, Siphnos, &c.),
but also on Persian and Egyptian sculptures.
The Eagle with the
lightning [deTos nvfxpopos) or thunderbolt {ministrum fiibiiinis, cf. Plin.
X. 3, Serv. in Aen. i. 398, Sil. Ital. xii. 58 adsuetis fulmina ferre Unguibus) occurs on coins of Elis, Catana, Megalopolis, &c. Philo's phrase
(i. 628) (peyyos yvrjaioi' and (p. vodov for sufilig/it nwd. nioonligJit is perhaps
suggestive or corroborative of a solar symbolism in dixo^ yvijo-ios.
latter stars of the Scorpion,

seems

to

aeTiTrjs,
1.

ot

the eagle-stone.

Ael.

i.

35.

pev avTov ano Ta>v KavKnaioov opSiV,

Kont^faddi

(f)aa\

saxa

Plin.x.

3,

Lucan

vi.

Diosc.
01

Se

v. 161.
cltto ri]S

676 quaeque sonant

Dion.

De

Avib.

tov wKeavov o^Orji

feta tepefacta

xxx. (14) 44, xxxvi. (21) 39, xxxvii. (11) 72,

sub

Horap.

alite

ii.

49,

AETOI
AETOX

{coniimied).

Phile 736, Geopon. xv.

30, Solinus,

i,

Philostr. V. Apollon.

c. 2)7 ^

ii.

14,

Stobaeus 98, Priscian in Perieges. p. 393. Cf. Physiol. Syrus, where

the stone is called uvtovlkov, a corruption of evroKLov or ukotokiov cf.
Eustath. Hexaem. p. 27, Epiphan. De Duodecim Gemmis, Sec, ed.
:

Romae,

Marbod. Lapidarium, 339-391 (King's Ant. Gems,

mediaeval and other references, Boch. Hieroz.
ii. 312-316, and N. and Q. (8) v. 518, 1894.
The Eagle with its stone,
an Egyptian symbol of security, Horap. ii. 49.
1743, p. 30,

See

p. 404),

also, for

Proverb and Fable.

(no), Aes. Fab.
(Babrius

p. xlvii), the

alfTos iv ve(f)\aicn, Ar.

by the
cf.

of

Fox and Eagle, Archiloch. fr. 86-88

Hence according to Rutherford

proverb nuTo^ iv noTavois, Pind. N.

Id 3, Av.

Eq.

oracle to the Great

Zenob., Suid. eVi

Kerai

Fable

Ar. Av. 652.

rSii'

King

(cf.

978, 987,

Ezek.

fr.

xvii. 3),

77 (138);
applied
;

Schol. in Ar. Eq. loio

SvaaXoircov, Tvapocrov aeros iv veipeXais

au

aXia-

oi;^

for other explanations, see Steph. Thes.

dfTov liTTaa-Bai 8i8d(TKeis,

Prov. 25 aviv

Zenob.

Suid.,

ii.

49

cf.

Pseudo-Plutarch,

hence, according to Rutherford,

TTTtpQiv CtjTels 'inTaadai:

the fable of the Eagle and Tortoise, Babr. cxv, Aes. 419
ii.

iii.

and Schol.

28,

cf.

Diog.

L.,

17, 10.

alfTov Kavdapos /iaiev(ro//ai, Ar. Lys.

6 Kapdnpoi,

Suid.:

Keller, op.

c.

The

cf.

696

eVi twv Tifxuipovfievcov rovs

Xeyerai yap ra

npoKuTup^avTas kukov,

fiel^ovas

and

Ar. Pax, 133,

coa

tov aerov a(pain^fip

Schol., Lys. 695, Aes. Fab. 7,

p. 269.

oracle of Action, Herod,

92.

v.

Fable of Eagle shot with its own feathers, Aesch. Myrm. fr. 123,
cf. Schol. in Ar. Av. 808, Aes. Fab. 4.
The Eagle and the Archer,
Bianor, Gk. Anthol. ii. p. 143.
aeros Ka\ ^acrLXiirKos, Plut.

Eagle, Babr. v

the Eagle

Eagle mindful of
proverb aUriov

of Babylon, Ael.
cf.

ii.

6:

cf.

in partnership,

Apost. Cent.

xii.

21

i.

78

Babr. xcix
37,

the

the

whence the

cf Tzetz. Chil.

iv.

302.

40 the Eagle that saved Tilgamus

that saved Aristomenes, Paus. iv. 18. 5

of Pyrrhus, Ael.

ii.

Antip. Sidon. xcii in Gk. Anthol.

X. (5)

The Fighting-cock and

806 E.

and Lion

benefits, Aes. 6, 92, 120, Ael. xvii.

x^p'*" (Kriveiv,

The tame Eagle

Mor.

ii.

23

see also Ael.

Plin.

vi. 29,

Marx, Gr. Marchen, 18S9, pp. 29-50.

On Hawking

with trained Eagles in

Miiller), Ael. iv.

26

Tzetzes Chiliad,

iv.

in

134.

Thrace, Ael.

On

ii.

42

India,
;

cf.

also

Ctesias,

fr.

11

(ed.

Leo Africanus and

Eagles trained for Falconrj-, see

Scully, Contr. to the Ornith. of E. Turkestan, Stray Feathers,

(e.g.)

\\. p.

123,

1876; also Yule's Marco Polo, Schlegel's Fauconnerie, &c.

Kepresentations of Eagles.

Herod,

i.

195.

On

On

Babylonian processional sceptres,

the sceptre of the Persian kings, Xen. Cyrop.

vii.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

lO

AETOI

[continued).

Keller, op.

(cf.

I. 4
Pans.

viii.

V. II.

31.

Pind. P.

(cf.

(TKr]nTof3dijLa>v iiUt(')s,

i.

the sceptre of Zeus at Olympia,

and

aKanra Aios

evbei ava

at Megalopolis, id,
aleros,

Soph.

fr.

766

Schol. in Ar. Av. 510); on pillars before the altar

of Zeus Lycaeus, in Arcadia,

id. viii. 38. 5

(cf Soph. O. T. 480), Pind. P.

larly

On

pp. 240, 435).

c.

(copied on a late coin of Elis)

on the Omphalos

XP^^^^^ ^"'^
Cf Plut. de Orac.
iv. I

on coins of Cyzicus).

KVKVOVS, fivdoKoyoiaip djro rcov aKpatv

ttjs yiis errl

mr]T5)v

409 dfrovs

i.

to

Delphi

at

ndpeSpos (simirivas,

*]

ixecrov (pepofievovs els

a-vixnea-flp Uvdo'i nepl top KaX. 6p<paXov.

The great mechanical
Eagle with outspread wings on the altar at Olympia, Pans. vi. 20. 12.
On the shield of Aristomenes at Messene, Paus. iv. 16. 7 (cf account
of shield in Eurip. fr. Meleag. iv, and on the shield of Aeacus, Zrjva
voQov, (To(f)bv opviv, Nonn. xiii. 214).
For references to coins, v. supra,
passhn.

TuvTo

The

gable of a temple was called diTik, Ar. Av.

Suid.

Eur.

Cf.

fr.

Hypsip. Ihov

Tovs iv auTolai npocrfiKiTTiov Tvnovs

^naikea hlbvpov enfOrjKe

vaolfTiv olavSiv

and Bergk's note

fiipeiTui

Pind. 01.

'.

<T-)(r]p.a

Tacit.

diTojeTaKOTos

H.
to.

iii.

71

iTTepd

fr.

or airuipa,

Kopais,

21 tls yap

xiii.

Pind.

cf.

mo,

alBtp i^aplWrjcrai

rrpos

53, ap.

Bekker Anecd.

Paus.

ypairrj

Oioiv

x. 5. 12,

p. 348. 3 derov

for Other references see Blaydes,

Compare the Sacred Hawk or Eagle, or the winged

on Egyptian gables, &c., and on Mithraic monuments.
See Bronsted, Voy. en Grece, ii. 154; Welcker, Alte Denkmaler, i. 3.
A conventional ornament on the gable even of modern buildings in
the Greek style, still represents the degenerate emblem of the Eagle's
in

Ar. Av. 1106.

solar disc,

wing.

See also, besides the special references to the other Eagle-names

enumerated above, kindred mythological references s. vv. yu\J/, lepa^,
TTepKTOTTTepOS,

'AZEINOI'. also

'AHAn'N,

T|

<|>Tl'Y).

dl^eCTifxoi' kvkvoi. Tn'n TVTepv^iv

[o o.,

Anth. Pal.

vii.

dnoXcipjBdvovTfs d(pn,

44, Eust. 376. 24

Ahrens

for

Hcsych.

grammatical forms,

Kuhn's Zeitschr. iii. p. 81, &.C.]

Also dtj8oi'ii (Eur. Rhes. 550, Theocr. viii. 38, freq. in Gk. Anthol., &c.),
dSovii (Theocr., Mosch.), djitjdwv = dfrjSav, Hesych., and dr^Sco, Soph.
Aj. 628. Dim. drjBovcSevs, Theocr. xv. 121. Rt. vad, to sing, deido), &.c.
see Bergk. Philol.

xxi'i.

The Nightingale,
Mod. Gk.
Od.

xix.

djySo'i/t,

p. 10,

Motacilla

in

L.,

liiscinia,

DauUas

luscmia, auctt.

applied to various Warblers.

518 Unvhnpeov

Kovprj ;^Xcap7;if drjbav.

translating x^wpr/tj green, have

made many

[German commentators,
needless conjectures as

some other bird being here alluded to cf Groshans, p. 5 Buchholz,

123-125.
On the word x^^PI^^ see also G. E. Marindin and
W. W. Fowler, Class. Rev. 1890, pp. 50, 231, and in particular Steph.
to

pp.

AETOZ

AHAQN

AHAfiN

II

{coniimied).

Thes.

The

(ed. 1821), coll. 1284-5.

general significance

perhaps 'the

is

nightingale, that clepeth forth the fresshe leves newe,' Chaucer, P. of

Fovvles 351, j^Awpais-

vtxo fidaaais,

Soph. Oed. Col. 673.]

Other Epithets. 'At^iV, alo\68(Lpos (Nonn.

Hal.

xlvii. 33), alo\6({)(ovos

728), iBapvSaKpvi (Phil. Thess. Ixvi), 8nKpv6((ra-a (Eur. Hel.

i.

Hpos ayyeXos,

fjpep6<pa}vos

S.

(Sappho,

Ipepocfxiovos

KipKT]XaTos (Aesch. Suppl. 62), Xiyfia (Aesch.

p.

I.

G. 6261

Gk. Anthol.

pp. 231, 273;

iv.

Suid.),

^P*

Ag. 1146; Soph. Oed. Col.

671), Xiyv(f)6oyyos (Ar. Av. I380), Xiyixpupos (Theocr.

(C.

39j

(0pp.

mo),

7), peXiyrjpvs

xii.

Theocr. Ep.

of.

iv. 12),

(Soph. Trach. 963 Babr. xii. 3, 19), ^ov66s (Aesch. Ag. 1142,
Ar. Av. 676, Theocr. Ep. iv. 11
cf. Eur. Hel. I in), noiKiXoSfipos (Hes.

6^v(jiioi>os

D. 201), TToXvKMTiXos (Simonid. fr. y^, in Etym. M.), irvKfOTrrepoi

(Soph. Oed. Col. 18), rravodvpTos s. ndi'dvpTos (Soph. El. 1077), reKvoXfTfipa (ib. 107), x^'^P'^'^KI" (Simon. 7^).
[Note similarity of epithets
Op.

et

s. V.

xeXiSwi'.]

Among

innumerable poetic references,

Simon,

cf.

Ibyc.

7 rapos avnvos

fr.

y^ BeiT arjdoi^fs ttoXvkwtiXoi,

Callim. L. P. 94 p-drrjp pep yoepav oirov drjdoinSuv
xXcipavx^ves elapii'ai.
Soph.
aye ^apv KXaiov(Ta. Aesch. Ag. 1 1 16 "irvi', "Itui' arevova-a, dqdwv.
kXvtus opdpos eyeipTjaiv arjSovas.

El.

147

Itvv

Phleg.

Eurip.

aliv

'

opvis

drv^opfva,

fiefSpecrt

Xenrav

oXocpvptTai,

irvv

773) 23

fr.

peXnei

8e

Eurip. Hel.

6p6pevopeva ydois'lrvv,' Itvv noXvdprjvov.

ytvvcov (XfXi^opeva 6pr]vois

f'po'ts

fr.

^vvepyos.

1 1

Ar. Av. 212

Aioy

uyyeXos.

dppoviav

drjdoiv

'

II

oj

dia ^ovddv

Itvv eXeXt^opevrj

(cf Hor. Car. iv. 2. 5 Ityn flebiliter gemens, Catull. Ixv. 14 Daulias
absumpti fata gemens Ityli). Soph. Aj. 628 oiKTpds yoov opvidos drjSov^,
Eur. Hec. ^^7 dr]86voi a-Topa. Ar. Ran. 684 pi'^fi
cf. Aesch. fr. 412.
5' fTTiKXavTov dridovtov vdpov.
Mosch. iii. 37 ovSe Toaov ttok ("eiaev ein
Aristaenet. Ep. i. 3 r/SiJ kui drjbdvf^,
cf. v. 46.
(TKOireXoKTiv drj^mv
Philip Ixvi in Gk. Anthol. ii.
nepmeTopfvoL to. vdpnTn, peXcadovaiv.
:

p.

213

aiet S'

17

^apvdaKpvs, inX

crTrjXais

pev drjdwv' ptpcpopevr] 8e ^vdo'is,

dXKvov\s ^XeTrerai, &C., &C.

Description.

[an error, but

veoTTia

De

exxj.

Sol.

Porph.

Arist.
cf.

Od.

anrTcii /cat drjdcov

iv.

9,

536 aSei Kai

fj

vfOTTuv irpodiSdaKOVcra

(cf.

ix.

15,

cJu*

616 b ovK

(pcoXevet

8e

diro Toi)

e'x" '"^s yXaTTrjs to

Ael.

SjjXan
Ka\

tci

4O) Plut.

iii.

peToniopov

S' dr]8(Ov

/^e^'F'

o^v [true of the

an interpolation here, Aub. and Wimm., cf.

H. A.
but compare the version in Apollod. iii. 14].

''''^^

Plin. x.
ix.

eapos.

Hoopoe
43

d(f}ii](Ti

TavTn u8ei pev, trvvex^^

(pcovi)v

Kill

^'

ov<eTi.

ovKeTi navToSuTTTjv ov8e

(29),

49 B, 632 b

adfi pev (TvvfxSiS 17/iepas Kai vvKxas deKanevTe, OT(tv to opos

8a<TvvT]Tai' pfTci 8f

aXXrjv

f]

e-rratd^rj

Anim. 973, Dion. De Avib. i. 20 divoKTeivei be tovs d(f)d6yyovs,

Abst. iii. 5). Arist. H. A. v. 8, 542 b tIktcl tou Sepovs dpxo-

dr]8a>v is

1)

koI

6 ('ipprjv

6i]Xia naifTai otuv

De

pevov TTevTe Kin 1^

H. A.

H. A.

xix. 518], rrXrjv

rj8r]

tov 8i 6epovs Trpoiovros

T[/)]((;^(aJ'

Kai eni(TTpe(pri

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

13
AHAflN

{continued).

oAX'

to

kuX

an~krjv,

KuXe'iTai nefu ti)v

^ifTafiaWei'

;^/ja)/xa

atpav T(ivti]U.

Ka\ fv

-ye

to ouofia (Tfpov

'iraXi'a

ov noXvu

8'

(j}aiveTai

(paXel yap

;^pdi/oi/'

N. H. x. 29, Clem. Alex. Paedag. x) the above

excerpt is very obscure and mystical
with the verb dacrwrjTai cf.
Etym. M. s. v. AnuXi's-, also Aesch. fr. 27 {zdi cit.), and Paus. x. 4, 7.
Hesiod, ap. Ael. V. H. xii. 20 rr]V ar]hdva povrjii oppldaiv dpoipelu vnvov
Koi 8ia TeKovs dypvTTvdv.
Ael. H. A. i. 43 drjdcov opvidav XiyvpcoTUTr],
Ael.

(cf.

28

xii.

Plin.

Xeyovai 8e Koi tu Kpea

Ael.

xviii.

opvidodqpap vnep

piv

Tcis

38 iv

avrrjs es dypvTTvlav XvaLTtKiiv

40 Kadetpypevr]

iii.

dovXeias

tTjs

kcil

dpvveTai tov

ovwfp ovv

ttj (rianrj]'

ol afdpcoTroi

neneipaptvoi,

TTpealSvTepus peduiai, crrrov5d^ovai 8f Brjpdv

rj8r]

ipTjpiais

Tiii^

20, Phile

cf. lb. xii.

iv oIk'ktkm co8r]i dntx^'^'ni,

veoTTia.

to.

OTav adrj npos iavTi]v, anXovv to peXos'

lb. V.

OTav 8e dXcS

Koi tS)V dKovovrav pr] diapapTavrj, noiKiXa re duapeXneiv koi TaKepws eX'iTTUV

TO pfXoi.

mode

Its

De

of capture, Dion.

Nightingales, see also Nemesian, Eel.

albino specimen, Plin.

The

Pausan.

30- 6 Xeyovai de

ix.

Mirab.

01

tcwtos

Methymn.

Myrsili

5,

De

see also Dion.

On

13.

captive

white or

c.

1.

Tacfxa tov 'Opcpeos,

errt to3

iii.

Luscinia.

locus classictis for the Nightingale's song

Ar. Av. 209

cf.

Avib.

De

ii,

Avib.

OpaKes, oaai

lyfitoj'

Plin. x.

tuii>

ajySwwr

iv. p.

(29) 43,

(S:c.

e)(ovcTi

veoaaias

Cf. Antig. Hist.

Kal pel^ov ri adeiv.

8 (vol.

fr.

is

20, Phile xviii,

i.

459, Miiller).

The Nightingale which sang over the infant Stesichorus, as a presage

of poetry, Plin. x. 43 (29). The transmigration of Thamyras (? Thammuz),
Plato, Rep. X. 620.

On

talking Nightingales, Plin. N.

The

lay of the loom, KepKiSa

Gk. Anthol.

Sid. xxii,

The

Cricket

H.

ti)v

x.

59

(42).

evnoii)Tov, drj86va Tuv iv ip'idoii,

11, cf. id. xxvi

ii.

called

is

8'

Nvpfj^eiDv

Antip.

cf Ar. Ran. 1316.

napoS'iTiv

drjbwa,

Gk. Anthol.

206.

iv.

Ulysses, for his melancholy

viii

a poet

Theocr.

vii.

tale, is Movacbv dr]8uiv, Eur. Palamed.

Mnvaduv dr]8ovis, Anthol. Pal. vii. 414 (cf. Mova-av opvix^s,
a bad poet is drjbovuiv i-juiaXos (enough to give a Night47)
is

ingale the shivers), Phryn.

The

Proverb and Fable.

vfios,

Nicoch. Inc. 3

dpna^uPTes ar]8oviov
uaivTo,

136

Com.

Inc.

Sirens are called apirvioyowoL

Theocr.

TTOT

dri8uva

i.

ov8

(ii.

[S.

136,

Kicrariis

oaov

i.

ur]86i'ei,

Lye. 653.

drjboves inrvuiovfTii',

846, Mein.), cf

ai8oviov) TTTepov vttvov.

cf.

Gk. Anthol.

ipi(T8fv:

Suid.

Nonn. Dionys.

(Jac.)

iv.

Luc. Pisc. jy

to\

v.

vnvos dr]86-

411 Sppaa-tv

a-Kanes di]86ai yapv-

p. 21 8, also

dciTTOv

tiv

Theocr.

yv^

v.

dr]86vas

piprjtraiTO.

Fable of the
Aes. Fab.

9,

Hawk and

Plut.

the Nightingale, Hes. Op. et D. 203,

Mor. 158 B.

The Nightingale and

the

cf.

Swallow,

AHAflN
AHAilN

{couiimted'^.

ov 6e\u)

Vox

xii.

praeterea

et

aWo.
song,

nihil, Plut.

uavv crapKa evpcov

Tis aijbovii K(H ^iia)(flnj'

On

myths

the

Paus.

fr.

41. 8;

i.

136 (ed. Sturtz)

Virg. Georg.

iii.

xiv.

Ovid, Met.

75

14.

8;

&.c.
;

in

p.

33

Rh. Mus. f

vi.

Philol.

E. Harrison,

Athens,

The

xi

Theocr. xv. 121

vi.

Martial

79;

7; Catull. Ixv. 14;

6.

and

J.

xliii.

and Scholia;

Hygin. Fab. 45 (209, 212);

510, Eel.

ii.

(N. S.)

pp. 304-320; Pott in Lazarus

J.

iv.

Am.

424,

general on the

in

a/.,

See also (znL al.) Hartung, Relig.

Duntzer in Kuhn's Ztschr. xiv. p. 207

Philomela, &c.,
d. Gr.

iii.

and

m/.

cf.,

Ar. Av. 203, 665,

Boios ap. Ant. Lib.

Apollod.

the Nightingale's

noXXuKis, Plut. Mor. I9I B.

of Itylus, Philomela, Procne,

p,

rtXas

(pava tv tIs iacri Koi ovbiv

eirre,

melancholy strain of the Nightingale,

Pherecydes,

Apophth. Lacon. 123

who mimicked

Story of Agesilaus and one

avTiis, fiTvev, t'lKovKa

Aes. Fab. lO,

avfjLCpopcov fxefivrjcrdni,

XvTT'iu TOiv TTrtXaioJi' fxov

Tt]v

Babr.

cf.

13

p.

540

seq.

et

x.

51,

Carm. de
und Myth.
E,

Oder

Keller op.

c.

Steinthal's Zeitschrift, xiv. p. 46, 1883

Hellen. Studies,

viii.

M.

1887,

439-445,

of Anc.

p. Ixxxiv.

Nightingale's song, as Coleridge discovered,

is

not melancholy.

was a spirit of religious mysticism that First named these notes

a melancholy strain, And many a poet echoes the conceit.' I believe
the innumerable references to the melancholy lay of dl^opls or drjdav, and
to the lament for "Itvs, to be for the most part veiled allusions to the
that is to say, to the mysterious and
worship of Adonis or Atys
wept for
melancholy ritual of the departing year, when women
'

It

'

Tammuz

'

'Afiwj/t' ayofifv,

kcu top

'

A8aiviv KXaofxfv

This conjecture

is

by the confusion between (IrjdovU and d^iOfTjis, by

the mythical relations between the Nightingale and the Swallow, and
by the known connexion of both with the rites of Adonis. Compare
also Thuc. ii. 29 6 fxiv iv AavXia Trji $ajKi3os fvv /CdAou/xeVrjy -y^f, 6 Trjpevs

partially supported

wKfi t6t( vno QpqK03v olKovnevrfs' Kal to e'pyou to nepi rou

iv

rfj yji TavTjf]

i]

opvis

enpa^dv' noXXols 8e koi tuiv

(Cf.

eVcovd/ino-Tdt.

p. 250, 8

AavXiav

ttoltjtoiv

Hesych. AnvXia

Kopayvrjv, dvTi

Tov dr]h6va,

Itvv ai yvvaiKes

ev arj86vos

Kopoivr]

^Api(TTO(f)iivr]S

fJ.vr]p.j]

also

AavXins

Etym. M.

8ui tov fii6ov'

'Ivioi

TrjV Baae'iav).

In the above passage from Thucydides the commentators take

at

it seems to me to mean
Procne and Philomela
simply that in that spot the women-folk practised the rites of Adonis.
It is noteworthy that Dodwell found an archaic village-festival, or
feast of tabernacles, taking place at Daulis, when he visited the locality
The passage
at the season of the vernal equinox (cf. Ezek. viii, &c.).

yvvalKfs to refer to

in

Theocr. xv. 121 otm

context,
dr]8^v,

is

important

Itys or Itylus,

ar/Soi^iSr^es

in this

de^ofxivaiv inl 8ei'8pa>v, k.t.X.,

and possibly

With

itS

As I have attempted to bring

even Thamyras into relation with

connexion.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

14
AHAflN

(contimied).

Thammuz

Adonis, Atys, and

so

respectively,

am tempted

see

to

a connexion between a fourth Adonis-name, Duzi or Dazu, and the

Again, is it certain that dr^is
traditional etymology {baa-vs) of Daulis.

here also

in Greek (Nonn. Dionys. xlvii. 32, cf.

means really the Aitic nightingale or may we not
have an Atys-name ? Lastly, a reference to a Moloch-

sacrifice

indicated in Hesychius under the heading

oj^Scoi/,

a late and rare epithet

ibid. xliv. 265),

yap

is

iv Kcip^rjbopi (r'ls Ai^vrjs Be

flat.)

Ai'/Sf?

yvvaxKes [al] ra

ar]hu>v'

reKva Kara

I'Sia

Kpovca [et maestis late loca questibus implent

v6p.ip.ov e(T<^ay'La(ov

Soph, in Andromeda,

132, ap.

fr.

Hesych.

!]

al
ti
cf.

s.v. Koupioi/.

Philomela and Procne are frequently confused, cf. Serv. ad Eel. vi.
In all Greek authors, Philomel is the name of the Swallow, and
78.

Procne of the Nightingale (Ar. Av. 665). The Latins generally reverse
but Varro De L. L. and Virg. Eel. vi adhere to the Greek Version
of the story (W. H. Thompson, ad Plat. Gorg. fr. 6, p. 180). d/;Swi/ and
okKvwv are also apt to be confused, e. g. Arist. H. A. viii. 3, 593 b, where
MSS. have arjb^ivuiv for akKv6va>v, and Suid. s.v. 'Hpepiva (S)a, where
cf.
dr]8aiv occurs among the da\aaaia C^a, between a\Kvd>v and Krjv^
Boch. Hieroz. ii. 218. In the version of the Itylus-Myth given by Boios,
this

mother of Aedon

ap. Anton. Lib. 11, the

is

transformed into the bird

a^Kva)v.

See also

s.

Al'BETO'l (for

Arn'GAAOI
Three
S'

alferos).

al^eros'

(also aiyiSaXXos

cf.

deros, Ilepyahi,

yap oaov

opeivos,

a-iri^n

ovpa'iou

Hesych.

KopuSaXos, KopuSaXXos).

sorts are indicated, Arist.

yto-Toj, iOTi

erepos

vv. dXideros, uXkuwi', x^^'^Swi'.

H. A.

viii. 3,

592 b

6 pev cnnClTTjs pe-

= Parus major, L., the Great Tit or Ox-eye

paKpov x<ov = Acredula {Parus) caudaius,

the Long-tailed Tit (which occurs in Northern Greece,

p.

49,

Lindermayer

and

Tit

its

allies,

p.

65)

rpiros

Greece

Arist.

ix.

40,

626

viii. 3, 592 b
Long-tailed Tit

H. A.

TrXela-Ta (the

//dXio-ra

dSt/cei

opi'i?
is

KXeiSwi/as

o-Ka)Xr;Ko0dyoy

known

ras peXiTras

to lay very

(cf.

the

Ael.

Tom-

39) P. ater,

P. lugubris, Nath.,

moner and now shares the same popular name

wa

(p.

Miihle

v. d.

including

eXaxiarros,

of which, according to Heldreich

coeruleiis &x\d. pahistris are rare in

Tit.

Titmouse.

is

com-

with the Great

616 b riKrei
numerous eggs)

ix. 15,

H. A.

i.

58,

Phile 650,

According to Alex. Xlynd. ap. Athen. ii. p. 65,

Geopon. xv. 2, 18).
and avKaXU are also varieties of alyldaXos vide s. v. auKaXts.
Mentioned also Ar. Av. 8S7 together with peXayK6pv(pos (into which
Is hostile to okuvAlcae. Com. ii. 825.
crvKoXk is metamorphosed)
The metamorphosis of
BvXXis, Plut. De Od. et Inv. iv. 537 B.
Timandra, Anton. Lib. Met. v and of Ortygius, Met. xx. Is coneXaios

fused with alyodqXas, Dion.

De

Avib.

i.

15,

iii.

20.

AHAftN AirOKE<t>AAOI.
Arri0OI

An unknown and

(also aiyii'Oos).

by the older commentators

Arist.
(63)

TToXcjUtoi

Kal avQos

de

Km

aKav6\s

(cat

lb.

a'iyi.60^.

ix.

[Many MSS. have

Kai TToXvreKvns, tov TroSa ;(a)Xdf.

some

mythical bird, identified

Belon) with the Linnet.

(e. g.

H. A. ix. i, 609, 610 ova TroXf/xioy (cf. Antig. Hist. Mirab. 58

H. A. v. 48 Dion. De Avib. i. 12 Phile 696 Plin. x. 95).

Ael.

5,

ulyloBos

texts read i>xpoi, or x'^'^p"?, the latter Albertus

a'lyidoi dn(j)iyvr]eLs,

OTi alyldov

Callim.

fr.

ap. Antig.

1.

c.

ev^icoTos

for xdAos

Magnus, but

idem, Pliny

cf.

Xiyerai

Plin. x. (8) 9.]

livdov aijxn ov avfiixiyvvTai dXXy]\ois

KciL

6l6b

X.

S*

(74)

95 (who calls it avis mini)nd), Ael. H. A. x. 32, and Phile 432, the
same statement of aKai'dis and alyidaXos, and Antig. H. M. 106 (114)

same of

the
fV

a'lyidos

and

Dion.

aKavOis.

TToXaL drjpadels erepos eVi to

<jp

De

Avib.

^odv KUTaKXeierai.

iii.

14 drjparai kXco/Sm,

Antig. H.

how

alyidos sucks the goats (v. alyodijXas)

and

solo

nomine huic nostrae aetati cognitus,

Vide s. vv. aKavQi<s, a'8os.

P.

is

M. 45

(51),

[Aegithus

;YajXo's-.

Hardouin, Annott. ad

Plin. X. 8.]

Al'n'nOvp.

Macedonian name

The Goatsucker

Al'rOGH'AAI.

Etymol. M.

for the Eagle.

Nightjar,

or

Capritmilgus

euro-

paeus, L.

The name
due

is

probably corrupt, and the mythical attribute of the bird

Volksetymologie.'

to a case of

'

M. Gk. name ytSo^uorpa

p. ^y).

is a corrupt translation of alyodrjXns (Heldr.

Also called ^v^da-rpa, vvKreplSa (i. e. the Bat, V. d. Miihle), wk-

TomiTrjs,

and nXavos

(Erh.).

(Cf Germ. Ziegenmelker^ Kuhmelker Fr.

,

tette-ckevre, &c.)

H. A. ix. 30, 618 b opn? opejj/oj, piKpa pd^oiv Korrvcpov, KOKKvyos

wa 8vo [cf Lindermayer, p. 38, Kriiper, p. 183, &c.]
rpla' to
rjdos ^XaKiKos [verb, dub., cf. Aub. and Wimm. in Arist. \. c.].
OrjXdCfi
Ael. H. A. iii. .39 ToXfxrjpoTaTOS
ovk o^vainos Trjs rjfiepas.
Tas aiyas.

Arist.

fXciTTcov'

8e
Be

^aiav

rj

....

eTTLriderai

Tois al^l kutu

to KapTipov,

ovBaaiv avTotv

Kal Tins

eha eKpv^a to ydXa .... TV'pXo7 tov pacTTov, Kixl dnoai3ivvvai

eKtWev emppotju.
Cf. Plin. x. 56 (40). Vide s. vv. aiyiOaXos, al'yiOos.

npoa-TreTopevos
t!]v

Probably a kind of Owl:

Al'rOKE'<t>AAOI.

Long-eared Owl, S/nx

K.
in

The

Bl.
its

Italian diminutive

Arist.
rjiraTi

latter is the

H. A.

kcu rrpus

ii.

rfj

15,

506

ofus, L., or

Asio of

form

is

its

perhaps the Horned or

small ally Ephialtes scops,

Plin. x. (23), xxix. 38,

Shelley's

'

Sad

which name

Aziola.'

oXco? oik e;^fi tov aTrXijva' Trjv x^Xfjv e)(eL jrpos

koiXUi.

lb.

ii.

17,

509 tov aTopa^ov

e;^t

tw

tvpvTepov to

KaTCi).

Gesner

(p.

62) mentions Capriceps as an

Sundevall nor Aubert and

Wimmer

unknown

bird.

pronounce an opinion on

Neither
it

the

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

l6

AirOKE+AAOI

[continued).

former thinks

it

According to Scaliger

possibly identical with alyodqXas.

p. 2^1, alyoKe(l)a\os

= alyu)\ios.

In both passages cited above alyoKe(f)a\os

mentioned along with yXav^, and the name suggests a Horned Owl
Lidd. and Sc, &c.). For other suggestions, see Newton,
Diet, of Birds, p. 365, s. v. Godwit.

is

(sic Scaliger,

AlTvniO'Z.

Vulture.

Etymology very doubtful. The analogy of Lammergeier suggests a

compound of ai'c or oV? (Curt.) and yv>\r, but the word is probably much
more primitive and ancient. I suspect that most of the remarkably
numerous bird-names beginning with al- (many of which are peculiarly
difficult to identify,

a circumstance suggesting their generic rather than

an element akin to avis, Sk. vis (v. aeros),

specific character), contain

and

in this case that

form

yv^

is

the shortened or derived form.

aly'iTTo^ is interesting in this

Hom.

The

dialectic

connexion.

frequent, with ep. d'yKu\o;^eiXr/r,

-^ap.-<\ru>vv^.

Not merely a

rion-eater (as in Hes. Sc. 405-412), but attacks live birds

(II. xvii.

car-

460,

Od. XX. 322, cf. Soph. Aj. 169 .... neyap alyviriov ino^ela-avTfs). Arist.
H. A. IX. I, 609b ixa)(Tai aera' iroXefxioi alaiiXoovi. A portent of nlyvtriol
in chase of IprjKes in the Persian war, Herod, iii. 76
cf Baehr's note.
Is feared by rpwyXtTfj?, Phile 692.
Sometimes distinguished from yvyj/,
;

Ael.

46

ii.

Trf(f>vKfi'ai

re.

y^y

fV ntdopico

fxeXavas

yi'Trcoi" fieri

De

Phil.

(cf.

pr. 127): Nic.

Pallad. Alex, xx, in Gk. Anthol.

yvnes edovaiv,

8110

^poau

Kai deTcoi', eivai Koi appevas, K(u ti)v

An.

iii.

p.

Ther. 406

119 koI top

r]pas 8e ^wi'Tas reacrapes alyvnioi,

nlyvn-Lol

fxev

Cf.

yvnh

Titvov Kara

Lob. Path.

i.

p. 87.

The metamorphosis
Kol /[ieye^os

ov^ opoioi,

of Aegypius

dWa

ap. Anton. Lib. Met. v

White

vide

s.

vv.

yu^l')

into alyvmoi' xpouv Se

the smaller species here alluded to

or Egyptian Vulture,

authors

The

and Neophron

eXdrratv opvis alyvmos eyevero 'Neocppmv, Boios

the NeopJiroti perctioptems of

is

the

modern

irepKkOTTTepos.

(piXoa-Topyia of alyvTTids, as also of

(fiijvrj,

celebrated in Od. xvi. 216,

Aesch. Ag. 49, 0pp. Hal. i. 723, &c., is connected with the Egyptian
association of the Vulture with the goddess of Maternity (cf. Horap.
.

i.

II).

alyvmos is apparently the poetic name, applied to the various species

which frequent the battle-field, and on the other hand applied to an
Eagle in such passages as II. xvii. 460. That the word is an old and
antiquated one seems to be meant bySuidas alyvmov' ovtcos ol nuXmot,
dXA' ov yvTvn.
Cf Bekk. An. 354. 28, Rutherford, New Phryn. p. 19.
:

ArrJi'AIOI.

Also

aiywXio's,

and

airoSXios (Bk., Ar. vi. 6. 3).

An Owl.

H. A. viii. 3, 592 b, a nocturnal rapacious bird, mentioned with

Aed? and (TKc\\r, and resembling the former (in size) drjpfvei ras kIttos.
Arist.

;:

AirOKE<t>AAOZ AI0YIA

AirilAIOI {continued).
[here Camus, reading atVwXioj,

H. A.

Arist.

ix. 17,

trans-

616 b vvktiv6\m^ fari, koi Tjfifpas oXi-yafci? (fiaiverai.

eari yap 8idnX\os [Gaza tr. victus geinini,

Trerpai Ka\ a-rrijXvyyas'

oiKe'i

Guil. divaricata, v.
KOI evfiri)(avos.
X.

and following Belon and Buffon,

Black Kite].

lates Milviis niger, the

79

Aub. and

lb. vi. 6,

562

Wimm.

ii.

ivioTi. 8e /cat

ti]v 8e

248],

p.

bidvoiav ^icotikos

Tirrapas i^aya veoTTovs [Plin.

(60)].

The metamorphosis
means

of Aegolius, Boios ap. Anton. Lib. Met. 19.

is clearly the White or

Barn Owl, Strix flatmnea, L., as Littrd (ad Plin.) takes it to be
it however does not catch birds, and is said to be scarce in Greece
(v. d. Miihle, Lindermayer).
Gesner transl. by ulula, and identifies
Sundevall librates between the Tawny and
it with the Tawny Owl.
the Barn Owl
A. and W. incline to the former.
See aiYOKe<})a\os,

If SldnkXos

particoloured, atywXtoy

CTToXlOS.

ArGYIA.

poetic word, of uncertain or indefinite meaning.

Probably a large Gull, e.g. Lanes marztms, the Black-backed Gull

(Sundevall), or L. argentattis, the Herring Gull (Kriiper), the former
being rare in Greece. Netolicka's hypothesis of the Merganser, and
that of Groshans that it was a Diver or Grebe, do not tally with
Aristotle
fails,

Schneider's identification with the Skua, Lestris parasiticus,

inasmuch as the

113) nor does

latter

breed

it

does not dive (vide Buchholz, op.

pp. 112,

c.

The Herring

the Mediterranean.

in

Gull

is

abundant during the winter and breeds about the middle of April
the Common Tern (Sferna anglica) lays about the same time (Kriiper)
but in the lagoons and not on the cliffs.
Od.
fifv

5' dl6vi.a Kai ol \dpoi tiktovcti

Arist. H. A. v. 9, 542 b
ddXaTTav nerpais, to pev TvXrjdos 8110 fj rpla' dXX' 6 p(V

V. 337, 353.

ev Tois TTfpl

Xdpoi Tov depovs,

f]

fi'

aWvLa dp^optvov tov tapos

(48)] fvdi'S fK TpoTTMv.

ov8iTfpoi' Se (f)u>XeveL.

Arrian, Peripl., ed. Didot, 1855,

KopSavai.

ai

Frequent
avv
cf.

VT]l,

rd

i.

i.

I,

names

487 viii. 3, 593 b.

with XdpoL and
;

it

and Hesych. renders aWvLai by

Gk. Anthol. e.g. Glauc. vi, vol. iii.

6aXd(T(jioi,

8'

elvdXiai. KopStvai.

58 wXero yap
daTea nov wot (Keivov, nvderai, aWviais yvaxTTit pduais iviireiv,

in the

Marc. Arg.

Anthol.

p. 398,

i.

Afergt/s, Plin. x. 32

[cf.

Also

xxxi, ibid.

ii.

p.

250

Callim. xci

p. 178 TOV (iWvirjs nXelova vii^dpiyov

arjpayyos aXiKTvnov

os

Tode

p.

Leon. Tar.

Anon.

xci,

Gk.

ibid. iv. p.

143

pnUis evcm^is aWvUiis Ix^dvlBoXoicn

Xenas.

Phile, De Anim. Pr. 680, is hostile to TreXapyos and Kpt^.

Is said to
be deaf and dumb, Aristoph. Hist. Anim. Epit. i. 141.
The metamorphosis of Hyperippa, daughter of Munychus, Nicander
ap. Anton. Lib. Met. 14.
Arat. Phen. 918, a sign of rain nuXXdKn S' dypidbfs vijaaai.
flvaXi8ivai
tj

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

AI0YIA

{continued).

aWviai. x^P'^c'^^ Tivdaaovrai 7TT(pvyfa(Tiv

Virg. Georg.

A
A

long but unsatisfactory description

or epithet of Athene, Paus.

title

Theophr.

cf.

i.

in

Dion.

5. 3,

An unknown

between

Sign.

ii.

28,

bird.

;(fji'aXa)7r?j|

and

H. A.

Arist.
nr)V\o\l/

De

Avib.

ii.

5.

41. 6.

i.

Said to be the name of a horse in Mnasalc.

See also Sutttyis, Xdpos.

Arz.

De

362.

i.

xiii.

viii.

Gk. Anthol.

593 b

3,

i.

p. 125.

mentioned

as one of the opviOts areyiwonodfs

^apvTtpoi (omitted in several MSS.).

According to Belon the Plover Vanellus cristatus) was so called

the interpretation cannot hold.
Greece in his time
Sundevall
conjectures di^ to be one of the smaller Geese {) Anser letccopsis), and
Perhaps as alyoKe(f)a\os suggests
to be derived from the goat-like cry.
the Horned Owl, so di^ here suggests the Horned Grebe, Podiceps
mcritus, Lath., a common bird in Greece in winter.
(

in

Vide

AI'PIGAKOT.

AriAKOI.
Aen.

iv.

Al'lA'AJiN

vv. aitraKos, epiOaKos.

very doubtful word.

Se

AcaXfiroi

s.

to ^aov 6 aipiduKos

kcli

Ktym. M.

a'lcraKOi,

Cf. Serv. in

254, v. 128.
[aitnipcov,

Hcsych.).

sort of

Hawk,

traditionally identified

with the Merlin, I^a/co aesa/on, L. (Gesner, &c.).

Arist.

H. A.

609 b

ix.

I,

ii.

51

ix.

36,

620 rmv

8e

UpaKoov

pdxerai 8' 6 Kopa^ kol

opvi.0i.

X.

95 Aesalon

(74)

[rf]

Kparta].

KopaKt.

Kcii

Ael.

lb.

H. A.

laxvpcS t(3 koK, alcrdXmi'i, koI orav

6ed(rrjTai dXanreKi jxaxdixevov, ripcope'irai.

N. H.

Beirepos

alyvTTiM TToXe[xios' oXaTveKi noXep-ios

Cf. Antig.

H. M. 59

vocatur parva avis, ova

(64)-

corvi

Plin.

frangens,

Invicem haec catulos eius ipsamquod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur velut adversus
communem hostem. (Some editors read aesalona for epilettni, Plin.
N. H. x. 9.)

cuius pulli infestantur a vulpibus.

que

vellit

'AKAAANOl'l*
Ar.

ei'Soj

Pax 1078

TvcpXa TiKTii

(cf.

T]

opveov fiiKpov, Suid.

KooSoiv

Paroemiogr. ed. Gaisf.,

One

Vide S.W. dKacGis,

dKav'GuXXis.

aKaXnvdls (Schol. \a\6v yap to fwof) eneiyopevr]

p. 69).

Associated with Artemis,

Emathidae, daughters of Pieros, was

metamorphosed into the bird aKuXavdis, Nicander ap. Anton. Lib.
Met. ix.
Ar. Av. 871.

'AKANGI'I.

cannabma,
the

of the nine

small bird, usually identified with the Linnet, Fringilla

L.,

or the Goldfinch, F. carduelis,

more than doubtful

L.,

derivation from imavBa.

on the ground of

The

description

AI0YIA AKMflN
AKAN0II
is

I9

{continued).

main mythical

in the

cf. a'0os.

Mod. Gk.

uKaBl, the Siskin, is

perhaps akin (Bikdlas).

H. A.

Arist.

ix. I ovcp Koi

viii. 3,

av6a

592 b

opj/t?

aKav6Q<^ayoi' enl aKav6a>v

Kai alyi6(o noXenios [cf. Aiitig. Hist.

vefjifTai.

lb.

Mirab. 106 (114),

exovcra.

74 (95)]) '^* 17 KaKojiios Km KaKo^poo?, <pa)pf]V fxevroi Xiyvpav

Agath. xxv. 5 in Gk. Anthol. iv. p. 13 Xtyvpoj/ ^opjSevaiv aKavOidts.

Theocr.

7.

PHn.

X.

141

aKavdvWis and

the SchoHa in Theocr.

Virg. Georg.

noiKiXls.

resonant, et acanthida

make
dumi

acalanthida]

[a/,

synonymous with

aKavdls

338 httoraque halcyonem

iii.

cf.

Serv. in Virg. ahi

quae spinis

lusciniam esse volunt, ahi vero carduelem,

et

carduis

pascitur.
vii, the daughter of Autonous and Hippocahed 'AKavdls and 'AkuvOvWIs indifferently note also that
her mother was metamorphosed into Kopv86s. Hesych. and Aelian
have also ciKavdos. (Cf. Anton. Lib. 1. c.) Vide s. v. al'ytSos.

In Anton. Lib. Met.

damea

is

'AKANGYAAI'I

(in

some

]\ISS.

d/car'^aXtV).

Probably the Goldfinch,

Fri7igil!a carduelis, L.

H. A.

Arist.
Koi)s

8f Kol

exovcra

17

Trjs

593 to jieyedos oaov Kvmo'koyos. lb. ix. 13, 616 re)(VLaKavdvXkidos e;^t veoTTui' TmrXeKTai yap uxrirep afjialpa Xivrj,

viii. 3,

Ti)v e'lcrSvcriv fxiKpav

De An.

cf.

Is hostile to Kopv8aX6s,

Plin. x. 33 (50).

Mentioned also Eubul. fr. iii. 268,

ap. Athen. ii. p. 65, Plut. ii. 537 B, and by Hesych. as arpovdov ytuos.
The description in Arist. H. A. ix. 13 has suggested to scientific commentators (Sundevall, p. 116, &c.) the nest of the Long-tailed or Penduline Tits, Aegithaltis caudatus or pendidinus (cf. aiyi^aXos) or Bearded
but the neat round nest of the Goldfinch
Tit, Calanwphilus biarniicus
would suit the description well enough. The alternative form aKapdaXli
is evidently identical with aKoXavdk, and so supports the identity of the
bird with aKavdis, while its identity with noiKtXls, also asserted by the
Schol. in Theocr., is strengthened by the statements of hostility to
Ael.

iv.

5,

Phile,

Pr. 683.

Kopv?iaX6s in the case of

both these birds.

course, fabulous or mystical.

finch,

only

Aristotle

See also

mean

that such an identification

what aKav6vXXis,

alYt0<i^oS)

The

latter

civdos,

Sec.

cf.

is,

of

was probably adopted by

meant is unknown.

originally

akGog.

'A[K]KAAANirP- uKavdvXXis, napa AaKaaiv, Hesych.

ings

statement

In identifying t'lKavBvXXis with the Gold-

Valkenaer, Adon. p. 278

"AKMflN- yevos derod, Hesych.

Cf.

Ahr. Dor.

0pp. Cvneg.

uKfiovfs are cited as ivolves, the

ii.

iii.

various read-

69.]

326, where, though

description closely resembles that

of the mystical eagles in Aesch. Ag. 11 1-120.

c 2

[On

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

20
"AKYAEH'I-

dfTOi,

Hesych. Also dKuXds, Eustath. ad Dionys. Perieg.

Perhaps akin

381.

to aquila;

Umbrian (Tab. Eugub.), angla

cf.

ankla.

J.

'AAEKTPVn'N. Also dXcKTwp (Batr. 191, Simon. 81, Theocr. vii. 122,
dXtKrap seems thus to have been
Acsch. Ag. 1 67 1, Eum. 861, &c.

an old form, retained

tragedy

in

New

Rutherford,

cf.

Phryn.

P- 307)-

Fern. dXfKTopLs

Com.

Nub.

dXfKTpvaivn (Ar.

666, 851, &c.)

and

17

okeKTpvMv (Ar. Nub. 663, Fr. 237, &c.). Cf. Hesych. oXeKTpvoves' koivcos ol
Phrynich. ccvii dXcKTopis
iToKaiol Km ras 6r]\ei(ts opveis ovtoos eKoKovv
:

TpayaSia nov Koi

tvpifncerai iv

Kal eVt (ippevos

as

TraXmoi

oi

/cco/xcpSia, Xe'-ye

Ar. Nub. 662

rpvovn Kara ravTO Kai tov appeva.

Connected with O.

P. /la/ak, the sun,

re BijXfinv KaXels dXeK-

rfjv

dXfKTopiSevs, a chicken, Ael.

Babr.

also dXfKTop[(jKos, a cockerel,

47;

vii.

Dim.

Se dXeKrpvaiv Koi eVi GrjXfos

v.

i,

xcvii. 9, cxxiv.

For

dXKuwi'.

cf.

false

12.

etymology

XeKTpov, see below.

d,

The Common

Domestic Fowl, Gallus galhnaceus, L.

or

Often

mentioned simply as opvis, a 'fowl' [especially a hen, Athen. ix. 373

avvrjdeLa KoXel ras drjXelas^ cf.
dXXa pev Kai opviOas Kai opvldia viv povov
KaroiKas,
opvis KadoLKis, Nic. Ther. 558
opvis fvoiKtos, Aesch. Eum. 866
wpvides ol avXeiai,
Id. Alex. 60, 535; KOToiKiSios, Geopon. i. 3. 8
opvis a-wea-Tios, Opp. Cyneg. iii. 118; ndas opvis,
Herondas vi. loi
17

Alpheus Mityl.

Gk. Anth.,

in

ii.

p. 118,

cf.

Arat. Progn. 960 (228),

&c., &c.

Early references.
fffeipi,
ix.

Theogn.

374 D)

qpp6(f)(ov' oXeKTcopa.

Epicharm. Com. Syr.

fragments, see Athen.
Description.
b,

ecrnepiT]

Pind. 01.

Arist.

1.

Comb and

spurs.

oppeciiv X6<:pov e)(ovcn,

povos

iStoi/'

fr.

80

evdopdi^rjs ar

(Athen.
dXfKTcop.

c.

H. A.

v. 13, 544,

De

Part.

ii.

657

b,

De Gen.

iii.

rjpepov, eniytiov, KovicTTtKov, /3apv, ov ttttjtikuv, ovk

O^VWTTOV, (TXI-ConT(pOV, dcppoSLCTlaiTTlKOV, &C.

tPjs

20

Athen. I.e.) fr. 96 (Ahr. Dial. Dor.) axn xnvos

Batrachom. 191 u)s ejBorjaev dXeKTwp. For many

described as yevos'

XojBou e)(ovcn irpo

xii.

t e^eipi, koi opdpir] nvris

Simon,

(ap.

K dXfKTopi8a>v nererjvoov.

749

Scut. 861

apos dXeKTpvovccv (pdoyyos eydpopevcov.

H. A.

ii.

17)

5*"*^^^) 5*-'9

'''pO"

KoiXias' dno(f)vd8as e)(ov(Tt.

Ar. Av. 487, 1366, Arist. H. A. ii. 12, 504 b efia tmm
rd pev avrcov tu)v nrfpayv enavfarrjKOTa, 6 8 oKfKTpvoiV

ovre yap crdp^ ia-riv ovre iroppco crapKos

ttjv (pi(TLi>.

lb. IX. 49,

50 KaXXniov, TrXrjKTpa (Hesych. has also nXaKTijp and Koirifs, the spurs).
KaXXaia, distinguished from X6(pos, the wattles,' Ael. xi. 26, Ar. Eq. 497,
in Ael. XV. I, a fishcf. Schol. KaXXaia de tovs Traycovas tmv dXeKTpvopau
'

hook dressed with two feathers vtt6 mis KaXXeim suggests the
With ep. 0otwK6\o(/)of, Theocr. xxii. 72, Geop. xiv. 16. 2.

'

hackles.'

AKYAEHZ AAEKTPYQN
AAEKTPYiiN

{continued).

Compared

fr. 271, 1527; with eXeos, H. A.

with the largest of the Woodpeckers, H. A. ix. 9, 614 b;
with dcTKnXamis, H. A. ix. 26, 617 b.

592 b

viii. 3.

in size with (pda-cra, Arist.

Keproduction.

VI. I,

55^ b

Xftf^tovi

Arist.

fni^aivfi to appev

Tijv yrjv

v. 2,

cf. ib. X. 6,

509 b
637b.

H. A.

(cf.

V. 13, 544,

TiKTOvai 8e Kai oiKoyfVfls fviai B)s

H. A.

airedavov bia ra^ecov.

De

oxfinv Kai TeXtiovrai iv

TW

dipei eKXenovaiv, fv Se

Plut. Q.

Conv.

vii.

(fnafMos, cf. Plin. x.

The

564 b opxeis.

Gen.

iii.

i,

560 b

fjLr)vuiv

749

tcov

tu>

XUiv noXwoKijaaaai

al veoTriSes TrpaiTov tiktovviv ev6vs

Sf'x' ^P^pcu-S-

tw

lb.

e'v

b, Plin. x. 74).

ai

rj

npea^vTfpai' fXaTTco 6e

lb. avi'iaraTai 8e to Trjs aXeKTopiBos

fieyedei to. k tcov utaTepcov,

rfjv

lb. vi. 9,

ttjs T]p.epas' fj8r] 8f rives

vi. 2,

apxofievov tov eapos, Kai ttXhu) tlktovctip

fv

(TvyKndelar]s rrjs driXeins (nl

Koi riKTfi oXov tov eviavTov e^co Si'o

0)^veTai,

TpoTTiKmv

H. A.
:

lb.

<i>hv

560 a eV OKTWKaiSfKa

x^iprnvi iv'ioT iv TreVre Ka\

toj

fiiTii

7]p.fpais

('iko(tiv.

2 (Mor. 853. 15) dXfKTOpl8a>v, otuv TtKoac, vrfpiKap-

41 (57).

and development of the egg, H. A. vi. 3. wa paXaKii,

^e(pvpia, H. A. vi. 2, 559> De Gen. iii. I, 75I
Plin. X. 60 (80)
Columella, vi. 27
cf. Erasmus ad Prov. vTnjve'fiia rUTfi.
<pa dl^vp-a, H. A. vi. 3, 562.
On crosses between fowl and partridge,
De Gen. ii. 7, 749 b. How Pea-hen's eggs are put under a sitting hen,
H. A. vi. 9, 564 b. How the hen takes the chicks under her wing,
H. A. ix. 8, 613 b cf. Alpheus Mityl. xii, in Gk. Anthol. ii. p. 118 x"p.epiois vKpuSeaai noXwoneva tlOcis opvis, reKvots evvalas ap.(pe)(fe nTf'pvyai
Eurip. H. Fur. 71 oti imo nrepols trco^w veoo-irovs opvis cos v(^eip.(vq see
also Plutarch De Philost. (Mor. 599.4)
0pp. Cyneg. iii. 119. How
a cock sometimes, after the hen's death, rears the brood, and ceases to
crow, H. A. ix. 49, 631 b, Plin. x. (55) 76. H. A. ix. 8, 614 eV rots Ifpoh,
oTTov avfv 6r]XfiS}v dvaKdVTai [as to this day on Mount Athos], tuv dpuTidep.evov T:dvTfs (vX6ya>s ox^vovaLv.
Cf. Plut. Brut. Anim. Nat. vii (Mor.
structure

VTrr]Vffj.ia,

Kvvoaovpa, ovpia,

*]

2 12. 30) dXeKTpviiv

6'

dXfKTpvovos em^alvcov, drjXetas

/xf]

irapovaqs, koto-

TTip-nparai ^coos.

On

eggs

medicine, Diosc.

in

xxix. (3) 11, &.C.

The

ii.

44, Galen.

De

Fac. Simp. Med., Plin.

longer eggs produce male birds, and are the

better to eat, Hor. Sat.

On
i.

74.

artificial

Geopon.

X. (21)

24, &c.

fowls,

Geopon.

UoTfpov

T]

ii. 4. 12, Plin. x. 74 (52).

incubation in Egypt, Arist. H. A.

xiv. 8.

I.

On

Varro, R. R.

vi. 2,

capons, Arist. H. A.
iii.

9,

&.

On

ix.

559b, Diod. Sic.

49, 631 b

the whole

cf Plin.

management

of

xiv. 7-17.

opvis npoTfpov

1]

TO coov eyevfro, Plut. Q. Conv.

iii

(Mor.

770. 13).

The Crowing Cock.

cf.

Among innumerable poetic and other references,

Theogn., Simonid., Batrachom., supra.

SxTTTtp 6 Ilfpa-iKos [cf. Ar.

Av. 277, 485, 70S,

Cratin. ap. Athen. 374

iSic

v. also

Suidas] wpuv

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

22
AAEKTPYflN
nacrav

{continued^).

Kava)(S)i'

XfKTpou

opBpov

ovras

e'lp-qrai

ineibrj

Koi eK tov

Theocr. xxiv. 63 opuides Tpirov apn tov ecrxo-fov

Soph. El. 18 cor rjplv i]8r] Xapnpov rjXiov ae\as eaa Kivfl

(i(i8ov.

opvidonu

(f)6eypnT

'AXe/crcop.

oK6(f)a>vos,

Bif-yfipei.

T]iJ.as

aafPr]

cf. ep. opdpo^nas,

900 kukko^ous opvis
Diph. iv. 421 (Mein.) opQpwKOKKv^ {led.

fr.

Alexarch. ap. Athen. 98 E.

dub?[

dXeKTpvwv.

(Ath.

ix.

Probably alluded

373 D) opvida

Koi KijpvKa

Cock-crow.

oKfKTpvovav abopTcov, at

Soph. Anten.

to also
koi

8iukovuv.

Cf. Alciphr.

Plat.
i.

141

fr.

2,

223

SyiTip.

39. 20, Aristaenet.

24 (Is dX(KTpv6v(ov coMs Ar. Nub. 4, Juv. ix. 107, &c. Plut. ap. Eust.
Od. p. 1479) 47 '^^ ^^ KOKKv^cop opdpL aXfKTcop TrpoKdXe'LTni. Antip. Thess.
V, in Gk. Anthol. ii. p. 96 TrdXaL S' rjmos 'AXexrcop, Krjpvaacou (pdovfptjv
'Hpiyf'veinv ciyei. opvlBuyv eppois ({)doupa>TaTos, K.r.X.: cf Ar. Vesp. 815,
i.

Anyt.

Gk. Anthol.

in

xi,

p. 132, Virg.

i.

Acoust. 800 b Tovs rpnx'jXovs

N. A.

29

iv.

6 dXeKTpvcoi' Tr)s

8e dvicrxcov ovk

rjXins

creXjji/r/?

H. A.

Cf. Arist.

o)pnp.uvTii,

Babr. cxxiv.

iv.

Why

viii.

456, &c.

Arist.

De
Ael.

dviax<>vaT]i evdovaia (ftaai Koi CTKipra.

9, 536.

fan

With

ep.

407 (Mein.), Theocr.

vii.

Lucian, Gallus, &c.

11.

KOKKvCfi", to crow, Cratin.

ii.

1S6, Diph.

KaKKd^eiv, to cackle,

48, 124, &c.

Aen.

pa<povs ^laias <p6eyyovTai.

nore avTov biaXdOoi, co^LKonaTos 8e eavrov

"iv

TT]viKd8f.

e;^oi'r?

Cock crows

iv.

Hesych., &c.

by an affinity for the sun, or rejoicing in heat

See also Schol. Ar. Av. 830, Cic. De Div.
ii. 26.
According to Theophrastus (Ael. iii. 38) in moist localities
Cocks don't crow. Paus. v. 25. 9, on the shield of Idomeneus, as a

and

the

Heliodor.

light,

i.

descendant of Helios,

18.

jjXiov 8e lepov (pncriv

eivm rov opvtda KoX dyyiXXeiv

See also Schol. Diog. L. viii. 34, Plaut. M.

223, Isidor. De N. R. c. 3, &c., &c.

dviivai peXXovTos tov i)Xiov.

Gl.

96,

I.

iii.

How

Mart.

to prevent

wood, Plin. xxiv.

On

xiv.

Cocks crowing, by means of a

hearing a Cock crow, or an ass bray,

prudence to

spit,

collar of

sarmentuvi

25.

Joh. Chrysost. in

comm.

it

is

ep. S.

a matter of
P.

common

ad Ephes.

iv.

12

Montef): this reference to the ass is used to explain

Ar. Av. 721, by Haupt, Inaug. Diss., Berlin, 1864.

(vol. xi. p. 93,

ovov opviv in

On

Fighting Cocks, Aesch.

xxii.

72

drav

els

fid^rjv

Eum. 866

Plato, Legg.

vii.

789

Theocr.

1S9; cf Schol. in Ar. Eq. 494, Ach. 165

(TvplBdXXaiaiv tovs dXfKTpvovas, aKopoSa SidoacrLV avTo2s

cf 0pp. Cyneg.

ii.

'.

(See also Xen. Symp. iv. 9, and

Lucian, Anarch. 37 (2. 918), &c.
cf (pvaiyyoopai, from (/)u(ny|, garlic. The annual cock-fight at Athens,

by Themistocles, Ael. V. H. ii. 28 dXfKrpvuvas dyavi^ea-dm

tw deuTpu) p.ia fjfxepa tov iTovs cf. J. E. Harrison, Myth, of
Anc. Athens, p. 278 also at Pergamus, Plin. x. 21 (25). The cockfight was depicted on the High-priest's chair in the Dionysiac theatre
(Boetticher, Harrison, Sec.)
represented also in the Festival Calendar
instituted

drjfioa-ia

iv

AAEKTPYJiN
AAEKTPYiJN

23

..contimted)

of Panagia Gorgopiko at Athens, as taking place in the

month Poseideon,

about the end of December (Boetticher, Philologus,

xxii. p.

As an

397, 1865).

on a Calendar of the time of Constantius

Graevii Thes. Ant. Rom. viii. 96, Creuzer, Symb. iii. 616.
Ael. N. A.
attribute of January,

iv. 29 MQX.V ^^ aXfKrpvwj/ Kai Trj ivpbs (iWov T]TTr]de).s dyavia ovk av acrfif'
TO yap TOi (ppovrjiia nvro) KarecTTaXTai, Kai Kara^vfTai ye vtto rrjs albois.

Kparrjaas 8e yuvpoi

and Schol. (pvaiKov tovto iv

eneardai

vfviKrjKoa-i

ro'is

Kvhpovpfvoi eoiKf.

ecrrt, Kai i'\//'av;^i/ft, kol

De

Galli victi silent, canunt victores, Cic.

26

ii.

Theocr.

yi.

xxii.

On

Proverb,

Cf.
cf.

Ar. Av. 70

avp^oXais tmv aKeKTpvuv(i)v tovs

th'is

cf.

Divin.

fjTTrjdevras

spurs for fighting-

cf. Ar. Av. 760, and Schol.

The table with raised
on which Cocks or Quails were pitted against one another

cocks, nXrjKTpa, Kivrpa,

edges,
(still

rrjXla,

used in the East), Aeschin.

also niva^, Plut. Mor. 65

It

c.

to witness the cock-fights, ms

Ta)v d\eKTpv6va>v

fxrjde

221, Alciphr.

viii.

pfj

108;

ix.

of education

dyewea-Tepoi kuI d-oKpLOTepoi. (fjnivoivTO

vno Tpavfidratu

Trponnayopevoifv

De Gymn.

aXXov Bvax^povs, Lucian,

53, Poll.

iii.

was a matter of duty and

See also

^y.

s.

KaparSiv

r)

fj

rov

vv. opTu|, cttu<J)o-

KOfATTOS.

On

the

Geopon.

The

marks of courage,

Arist, Physiogn. 2,

fighting-breed of Tanagra, Pausan.

How

806 b

Plin. x. (56) yy

xiv. 16.

the

Cock

own

fights his

ix. 22.

father, Ar.

4 (vide

Nub.

infra).

1427, &c.,

Av. 758,

cf.

1364.

How

a hen that has defeated the Cock

the plumage of the male, Arist. H. A.

Phorm.

iv.

4.

30 gallina

ix.

On

cecinit.

in

combat, crows and assumes

49, 631 b, cf. Ael. v. 5

Terent.

wide-spread superstitions con-

nected with the Crowing Hen, vide Hopf, Thierorakel, pp. 164, 165.
On the pugnacity of the Cock, cf. also Pind. Ol. xii. 20. Aesch.

Agam.

1671 Kopnaaov 6apaS)v, dXeKrap coarre drjXelns neXai. Cf. Ar. Av.
835 "Apeoos veomk. See also Lucian, Gallus, &c.
Placed as a symbol of battle on the head of Athene's statue in the

Acropolis at Elis, Pausan.

Varieties

and

vi.

26. 23.

Adrian

Breeds.-

TO p.yfdoiy TiKTOvai
veoTTOVs TToXXaKis'

S'

;^pa)/jara

Chrysipp. ap. Athen.

Fowls, Arist. H. A.

vi. I,

558 b piKpai

av indinrfv i]pepav' eicl Se ;^aXf7rat, Kni kt(Ivov(tl tovs

vii.

8e

navToSaTrd exovaii'.

285 E, Plin.

x.

75

Cf.

De

Hecat.

(53),

Gen.
fr.

iii.

58,

6,

ap.

Steph. Byz.

lUyrian Fowls, that lay twice or thrice a day, Arist.

842 b; cf. H. A. vi. I, 558 b.

At Tanagra, Paus. ix. 22.
Koaavcfioi KaXovfjLevoi.

Cf.

4,

were, two breeds,

Babr. Fab.

dXfKTnpla-KMv

ot
ijv

De

Mirab. 128,

re iidxip-oi, Ka\ ol
pdxr) Tavnypaicou,

oh (f)aaiv elvnt dvfxuv ujairep dvdpQ>nois. See also Lucian, Gallus, on the
metempsychosis of Pythagoras, dtri "Eafiiov Tavaypaios. Cf. Ko\oi<|>pu$.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

24
AAEKTPYflN

(coulinued).

The Egyptian breed of Moi/oo-ipoi,

e| hv

ol jxaxi^oi

aXeKrpvoves yewo^iiTai,

exemplary patience as sitters, Geopon. xiv. 7. 30.

A silent breed at Nibas, near Thessalonica, Ael. xv. 20.
On the breeds of fowls, galli tanagrici, medici, chalcidici, &c., see
Colum. viii. 27 and 31 Plin. x. (21) 24,
also Varro, De R. R. iii. 9. 3

and on

their

(56) 11-

Chrysipp. ap. Athen.

The

Academ.

The

dve Se'

147, 150,

pr'jvrj

fr.

Impeyan
and Yule's

Ael. xvi. 2, were

57. 3,

vii.

p.

409,

Pythag. ap. Iambi. Adhort.

yap

Koi

xxi. 17

dXeKrpvova rptcpe

Cf. Iambi.

KndiepcoTcn.

rjXlco

V. Pyth.

white Cock sacred to the Moon, Pythag. ap. Diog. L.

xviii.

84

Sun, Suid.

to the

Uvdayopa

v.

s.

white or yellow Cock sacrificed to Anubis, Plut. de

The Cock
;

sacred to Athene,

Montfaucon,

(cf.

Plut.

cf.

'Adt]vdv

9, Cic.

iii.

xxviii.

&c.

Iambi. V. Pyth.

&C.)

Varro

viii. 2,

p. 242.

i.

Myth and Legend.

Gallus

tcov

and Roman laws and practices

Columella

Cuvier in Grandsaigne's Pliny,

cf.

Polo,

pi]

x. 50, cf.

fowls of Ctesias,

large

Marco

Knddnep Tivis ras Xcvkcis opvidas

iv.

Pheasants

fatted fowls of the Delians,

regarding the same; Plin.

fjLev,

373

ix.

fxaWov.

fi(\aivS)V rjSlovi tlvai

Kai

i.

Pans.

vi.

iii.

6.

p.

viii. 8.

Is. Ix.

To Hermes,

26.

19,

avp^oXa.
Lucian,

Graev. Thes. A. R. v. 718 A,

pi. Ixviii, Ixxi,

Conv. Disp.

to.

666

6 8e

tov dyopaiov 'Epprjv

ennvloTrjai.

Mars, Plut.

Lacon.

opBpos npbs

To

tijp

epydvrjv

Latona, Ael.

29.

iv.

(Mor. 238 F.).

Sacred to
Demeter, and therefore not eaten at Eleusis, nor by the initiates of
to

Sacrificed

Inst.

Mithra; Porphyr. De Abst. iv. 16. Sacrificed to Nephthys and Osiris

on the 13th of Boedromion, and to Hercules and Thios on the 29th of
Munychion, C. I. G. 523, Marm. Oxon. ii. 21, pp. 15, 17.
Dedicated to Aesculapius, Plat. Phaed. 118. See also Artemid. v. 9
fjv^uro TLS TO) 'A(rKXr;7rt6),

el

8ia tov erovs avocros eXdoi, dvaeiv

Tpvova: also Porphyr. Vit. Pythag. 36, Herondas, Ascl.

fowl in medicine, Nic. Ther. 557, Cels,

Galen and Pliny passim.
Sacrificed

promittere

to the

galli

The Cuthic

cf.

v. 27,

Household gods, Juv.

xiii.

233 Laribus cristam

for

is

said to have been

which reason Rabbinical

name with

writers, according

PlJJ^n, thamegol, a Cock,

word old-fashioned etymologists found hid in Tanagra.

An image dedicated to the Twin Brethren, Callim.

How

p.

218;

cf.

the

Diosc. Ther. 19 and 27,

deity Nergal (2 Kings, xvii. 30)

to Gesenius, connect the

i.

dXeic-

On

ibid. xii. 96.

represented as a Cock

Anthol.

avTa

iv. 12.

Pausan.

which

xxiv, in

Gk.

vi. 26.

fowls were kept in the temples of Hercules

and Hebe,

eV

r?^

AAEKTPYflN
AAEKTPYiiN

[continued).

Mnaseas

Evpoinrj,

ap. Ael. xvii. 46 al

VffxovTai vecp, ol 8e (v 'HpiiKXeovs oi

ovu a^fKmpi^es ev tm TTis''H^r]s

fj.ev

rafSe -ynpeTm

cf.

Plut.

ii.

696 E, Paus.

148.

ii.

Ael. N, A.

round the

how

30,

ii.

to death

them.

and how the

which reason

for

new- purchased cock,

Fab. 323

Hence

23).

De

Plut.

Geopon.

Cock

here with the Galli, priests of Cybele

c.

20 (Nonius,

V.

s.

Anim.

xxxii (Mor. 1201,

confusion

is

Xeov-

rj

possibly indicated

according to Varro,

how

the basilisk

Libya take a cock along with

nip koL dXeKTpvojv Aes.

5), Sol.

thrice

31,

to destroy the Lion-weed,

42. 3.

ii.

iii.

/xiu Xeoi/ri

Inv. iv (Mor. 650,

also the use of a

= dpo^dyxr],

Tios TT6a

tw

lb.

frightens

latter

travellers in

Cf. ibid. vi. 22 e)(6iaTa 8e

carried

if

does not seek thereafter to escape.

table,

the Hon fears the cock,

25

mansuetum), when the Galli saw a

De

R. R.

tynipmtis

lion,

feceritnt 7)iansuetuiji: for other important references see Mayor's

note to Juv.

was

called Lions

Note further that a mystical name

176.

viii.

and

Xe'wj',

that those

Porphyr.

who

De

Sun

for the

participated in the rites of Mithra were

Abst.

Niclas, the learned editor of

iv. 16.

the Geoponica (ed. 1781), and certain other historians quoted by him,
finding that a lion in Bavaria evinced no terror at the sight of a Cock,

but killed and ate the bird,

still

remained

faithful to the old tradition,

asserting that that lion's spirit must have been broken by captivity

scimus

quam vim

quid mirum,

esset,

Paus.
torn in
At\|^,

habeat consuetudo
si

eum

cum

ferre didicerit, &c.

Methana (Troezene) a Cock with white wings was

two by two men as a charm to protect the vines from the wind
34. 2

ii.

cf.

at

G. Frazer, Folk-lore,

J.

i.

163, 1890.

See on Sacrifices of the

G. Dalyell's Darker Superstitions of Scotland, 1835

S. Baker, Nile Sources, pp. 327, 335, &c., &c.

Cock, Sir

On
Div.

J.

dXeKTpvopavTfla, see Lucian's Gallus,

ii,

Plin. x. (21) 24; cf.

Thierorakel, pp.

How some
The Cock

De

Theophr.

How

diu in galli vicinia detentus

Mem. Acad.

De Dea

Syr.

Inscr. vii. 23,

xlviii,
xii.

Cic.

Sir

De

49; Hopf,

61-163.

cannot abide a cock or a hen, Plut.

weather-prophet, Ael.

as a

Sign.

i.

17, Arat.

vii.

fr. viii.

7,

10 (12. 23).

Mor. 129 A,

Plut.

Progn. 960 (228), Geopon.

i.

3, 8.

the flesh of a fowl absorbs molten gold, Plin. xxix. 25.

Is hostile to iWrayik, Ael. vi. 45.

Proverb and Fable.

d\(KTpv6vos KoiXutv
ostrich, to

f'xe"',

swallow pebbles),

dXeKTcop

TTiVet Koi

ovk

X'qdovai

yap roi

KciuepcoP

Soph.

fr.

424.

ovpe'i,

Ar. Yesp.
cf.

794

(i.

e.

the stomach of an

Suid.

Suid. q. v.

bu^oBoi 6r)Xfiav opviv,

ttXijj/

otuv tokos naprj,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

26
AAEKTPYiiN

{continued).

bombastic

Koivos 'Adrjvaioiv dXeKToop, descriptive of a

ap. Athen.

iii.

Phrynichus ap.

aXeKToyp SovXov as fcXtVas nrepov,

enrri^'

whence Ar. Vesp. 1490

(Mor. 762 F);

xviii

talker,

Demadas

99 D.
Plut.

Amator.

-nr^adei i^pvvixos us rts

aXeKru>p,

With metaphorical
Artemid.

iv.

24

cf.

epithet

Fable of the Eagle which carried

Aesop, Fab.

victory,
ib.

off the

The Weasel and

21.

The Cock and Thieves, ib. 195.

ib. 225.
The two Cocks and the

14.

8u\ yap

8iav\o8p6pos,

tt]s

nvXrjs

rpe^ei,

Ar. Av. 291.

wayfarers,

Cock crowing over

his

the argumentative Cock,

The Cock and Dog,

Partridge,

ib.

22.

as

See also

Babrius and Aesop pass/;;i.

Hen

Fable of the Weasel and the

on(i>s'i)(fi, TTVv6nvoyLivr]v'

How

KoXws,

the plumage of the

all his glory, (pvaiKco

Diog. L.

i.

yap

cos

87 kut

evvoiav avTrjs voaolaqs,

direv, av (Tv aTrocrrijs, Plut.

De

Cock outshines the raiment

I'lvOei

KeKi'iaprjTut,

Frat.Am.

xix.

of Croesus in

Ka\ p.vpi<o KaWioi'i,

Solon ap.

2. 4.

Kepresentations.
The oldest Coins with the Cock are those of
Himera and Dardanus (Imhoof-Bl. and K. pi. v. 38-42) and of
Carystus (B. M. C, Central Greece, p. 100, pi. xviii), all of the early
fifth centur}'.
They recall the Indian Gallus Sonneratii (cf. J. P. Six,

Imhoof-Bl. p. 35), or rather the Gallus ferrughieiis or bankiva of

Northern India.
Cf. also Blyth's note (Ibis, 1867, p. 157) on fowls
sculptured on the Lycian marbles (c. 600 B. c). See also Conze, Ann.
de I'Inst., 1870, p. 280, on a Cock represented on an ancient relief of
Dionysus and Semele (?), B.C. 580-540. In regard to Himera, it is
noteworthy that Pindar's twelfth Olympian Ode, in which the Cock is
mentioned, was addressed to Ergoteles, an inhabitant of Himera (cf.
Buckton, N. and O. (4) iii. 131).
The Cock with the Lion is early and frequent on coins of Asia
Minor: with Athena on coins of Leucas, Corinth, Dardanus; also on
in

coins of Ithaca, Zacynthus, Argos, &c.

On

a statue of Athene, Paus.

Apollo, to indicate sunrise, Plut.

On

the shield of Idomeneus, Paus.

See also

s.

Arist.

s.

26

v.

25

oprdXixos, crepKOS, xo^^kiSikos,

d\iaiTos.

H. A.

IX.

de Ka\ ov dvvdpevot
ri]v

supra);
xii.

on a statue of

574 (Mor, 488. 30).

supra).

(v.

32,

^pil^Tll.

Sea-eagle.

619 exovaif avxeva

KafiTTvKat ovponvyiov de jrXaTv' olKovai 8e rrfpl

TT(p\

(v.

Pyth. Orac.

vv. Ppn^ros, T|iKai'6s, kikkos, KoXoi(j)pu|, kottos, KWKaXok,

p,aTTUTis, ke'Ppa^,

'AAIA'ETOI

vi.

De

re piyav Ka\ na^^vv Ka\ Trrepa

daXaTTav Ka\ uktos,

(f)epeiv tvoXXc'ikis Kuracfye povrai

els

ddXiiTTav StaTptjSei Ka\ ra Xipvala KOTTTfi.

^v6ov.

[Here

dpTTci^oi>Tes

viii. 3,

Konrei

593 b

seems

AAEKTPYilN AAIAETOI
AAIAETOI

{continued).

may

meaningless and
IX.

34)

620

rov

irpos

27

be an interpolation
Ka\ top

(SXeneiv,

-qXiov

/hi)

cf.

the next reference.]

ru TKva avnyKa^ei en

e'arif Ka\

o^v(i)ivi(TTaTO^ \ikv

Konrei

^ovXofxevov

Ka\

\|^iX(i

QTTOTepov av i'fXTTpoadev 01 o0^aX/not 8aKpv(xa>aiv, tovtov anoKTelvei,

[The same story, s.

and in Gesner, &c.]

fTfpov eKTpe(f)i.

PHn. N. H.

X. 3,

oppidai, K.r.X.

Arist.

De

A v. 891, Eur. fr.

aXiderop

637 opm

H. A.

tw

Koi
S'

26, also

ii.

Gr]pevmv tovs nepl rrjv ddXarrav

CiJ

Mirab. 60, 835

rov (fvyovi rav aeroiv Ourepov

f/c

TQ)v f-yyovtov aXuifToy yiuerai TrapitXXd^, Sic, cf.

tioned also Ar.

in Ael.

v. aeVoy,

wra

(rrpecpei,

5'

Dion.

De

Av.

ii.

Men-

I.

in aKTms vopdBa Kvp.aTocfidopoi'

0pp. Hal. i. 425 Kparepoi 6' aXiaUroi dpTTaKTTJpes, &.C.

See also Nonn. Dion. xlii. 531, where oXuieTos, associated with
Poseidon, seizes a dove from the clutches of KipKos, (^eiSo/xeVois ovvxfira-i
:

fxerdpaiop opptp deipcov.

good omen

On
viii.

Cf. Sil. Ital. Punic, iv. 105.

Dion.

to fishermen,

De

Avib,

ii,

i.

the fabled metamorphosis of Nisus or Pandareus see Ovid, Met.

146,

xii.

Ciris 536,

Arist.

560

and

Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

Keller, op.

H. A.

ix.

32,

619

c. xi

Hygin. Fab. 98

Virg.(?)

259.

c. p.

is

Osprey,

apparently descriptive of the

Pandion Haliai'/us, with which bird dXuuTOi is commonly identified

by mediaeval and modern commentators but the description of the
;

chase after sea-birds

(ix.

620) applies rather to Aqtiila naevia, or

Hal. albicilla (Sundevall).

to under the generic name
naXXopT aUroi
Soph. Oen.

Sea-eagle

afros,

e.g.

is

very frequently alluded

Pind. N.

v.

21 iripav ttoptoio

423, ap. Ar. Av. 1337 yevoipap ciUtos

vyfnTTfTas, ws ap TVOTaQfiijp vnep drpvyeTov yXuvKas en otS/xa Xipvas Theocr.
:

fr.

'.

xiii.

24.

An Eagle with a fish is frequent on coins, e.g. Acragas (Imhoof-Bl.

and K. pi. iv. 31), Sinope (ibid. v. 11, 12), and many other towns
especially in the Black Sea and Hellespont (Keller, op. c. p. 262).
In all the above references, as in most passages relating to the Eagle,
a mystical and symbolic meaning outweighs the zoological. The poem
It
of Ciris is of great importance for the understanding of the myth.

noteworthy how

many

names associated with birds, occur,

poem to wit, Procne,
the Daulian maids, Pandion, the Anser Ledae, Haliaetus or Nisus, and
lastly Ciris.
I accept the
theory that we have here to do with an
elaborate Sun and Moon myth. The golden or purple lock in Nisus'
hair (cui splendidus ostro Inter honoratos medio de vertice canos
is

\vith

more or

less

birds, or

obscure significance, in this

Crinis inhaerebat, Ov. Met.

viii.

8,

cf.

Ciris

122, Apollod.

ii.

4.

5),

on the one hand, the Samson-legend (as we are expressly told

by Tzetzes in Lye. 648), and on the other, the crest of the solar eno^
or picus, both of which birds appear in the version of the legend given
by Boios. The name Nisus is akin to fiesher, ?iisr, an eagle (vide
recalls,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

28

AAlAETOl
s. V.

{continued ).

'AXtieroy plunges, like the setting Sun, into

and Nisus or

acTof),

which

Ciris, Kcipi? (with

the sea.

connected), or Scylla

Moon

the

is

(cf.

poem

last lines of the

Porphyr.

some forms

as the watery goddess, appears in

The

believe KeipvXos or

De

Abst.

be

Krjpv'Sos to
iii.

17),

which,

of the legend as a fish.

Ciris are of peculiar importance,

where the

mutual pursuit and flight of Haliaetus and Ciris are described, and compared with the alternate appearance and disappearance of the opposite
Quacunque ilia levem fugiens
constellations of Scorpio and Orion
:

Ecce inimicus atrox magno stridore per auras

Insequitur Nisus: qua se fert Nisus ad auras. Ilia levem fugiens

secat aethera pennis,

raptim secat aethera pennis

at the

and

sets

which

full,

(strictly

Sun

rises as the

Keller) Kwrjyia

(teste

rises

8' eoiae

Tov rjXiop ore Se (pfvyovanv

full

it

Moon

the

is

in opposition, the

Moon

speaking, at the sacred season of the equinox)

and

Koi TO
ov)(

diaXeineiv avrrjV ore fiiv hiwKOVtrav

irepa

understanding of the stories of

Cornutus, p. 72

Cf. also

sets.

jj,')

6'

ov(Ta avTi]S

'Ekot';,

t]

The

&C.

Procne, Philomela, and the

drjSwv,

whole Tereus-legend, depends on the further elucidation of this myth.

Were it not for the comparison drawn with Scorpio and Orion, we
might be rather disposed to refer the description to the Moon in the
last quarter, stationed in advance of and as it were in flight before
the Sun. The same four lines occur in Virg. Georg. i. 406-409, where
I

venture to think they are out of place and keeping.

'AAlA'nOAA'

TOV KTT(Pnv,

'AAinOP<t>YPri.
Ibyc.

*]

BoKaTTiov opviv

bird, doubtless the

8(13) ap. Athen.

fr.

Schneidewin.

Others read

ix.

2)^S

Hes}'ch. (verb. dub).

Halcyon.
D, according

\adnrop(f)vpi8fs, v.

to

Hermann and

Bergk, P. Lyric. Gr.

iii.

Alcman 12 (26) dXinopcpvpoi eiupo? opvis (vide s. v. Ki^puXos),

whence Tennyson The sea-blue bird of March' (on which, see Whitley
Stokes and others. Academy xxv. 1884
also Tennyson in Nature
Cf.

p. 239.

'

Notes,

i.

p. 93,

ii.

p. 173,

where the Laureate

not inclined to admit that nXnrnp(f)vpos

anything so simple as a mere colour-epithet

'AAKYH'N
&c.),

s.

and

dXicuwc.
dX/ciwi',

alters the epithet).

means
;

cf.

Also oKkvovis (Ap. Rhod.

Hesych.

Cretan

see Forstemann, Curt. Zeitschr.

iii.

avKva^v.,

48.

sea-blue^ nor that

i.

am

it

is

dXideros.

1085, Epigr.

Hesych.

Not from aX?

Gi".

205

On

the aspirate,

cf.

Lat. a/^-edo.

Probably connected with O. P. halak or harac the Sun, and so akin

and fjXeKTpov, also to 'HpaKXt]s and to many other proper
names, e.g. Alc-iiious.
to akiKTpv(x>v

The Halcyon,

a symbolic or mystical bird, early identified with the

Kingfisher, Alcedo ispida, L.

The

Kingfisher

is

called, in

Mod.

AAIAETOZ AAKYQN
AAKYfiN

29

{continued).

Gk.,

\lrnpo(})dyos,

and

(in

mentioned

First

alsO (Heldr.)

Acarnania)

Gn, Bergk
and Ibycus

Simon,

in

p. 874,

(raf)8eXo(})ayos, fxniftjx-aiKi

t^s 6a\u(T(jr]i,

0aai'Konov\i.

H, A.

12 (ap. Arist.

fr.

vide infra)

Alcman 26

542b, Poet. Lyr.

v. 8,

Mirab. 27;

(12), ap. Antig.

8 (13) oXKvoVfs Tawainrfpot.

fr.

Description.

Arist.

H. A.

616

ix. 14,

5'

17

aXKvav

ia-ri fiev

ov ttoXXw

arpovOov, to Se XP^t^^ ''"'' <^avovv exft kcu x^opov Kai vnonnp(f)vpov'

fiffiiyfievMS 8e toiovtov to vrapia -rrav Ka\ nl nrepvyes Kai to nepl tov TpuxfJ^ov,
/bif/fo)!/

ov
bi

sKacTTOv

X(op\s

XfiTTot'.

Ka.\

rvyxavei

5'

SovaKav,

r)

593 b to

avTMV ovra dvo

8'

koI

f'ldrj.

pvyxos

Two

V7r6x}^a>pov

/xev (f)deyyTai,

17

KnOi^auovad enl tcov

to 8e vuitdv dpcfx'iTepai Kvavovf

A.

species occur in Greece,

the Spotted Kingfisher (Mod. Gk. acnrpov

L.,

pnKpbv

fiev,

oKKvovoav 5e yevos TTapvbpov icniv'

Ta>v

8' avTrj pfi^cov'

eVrt

affxovos'

to 8e

;^pa)/n(ircoi'*

3,

[Cf. Plin. X. 47.

exoyo-iv.

rudt's,

TQ)V

viii.

(Cery/e)

\i/apo(})dyoi', v.

d.

and A. ispi'da, the Common Kingfisher.

Sundevall points out that A. rudis has not to vShtov Kvavovv,
and suggests A. smyrnensis, which does not now occur in Greece
Miihle), principally near the coast,

(Kriiper) but in Asia Minor.

common

than the

Kingfisher,

Neither of these birds can sing, any more

and the attempt is hopeless to identify the

second Aristotelian species with either. The whole matter is confused

and mystical.]
On the song' of the Halcyon, cf. Tymnes ii (Gk. Anthol. i. p. 256)
'

o>

napdpoiov okKvocriv tov gov (f>66yyov Icrcoadpfvov

Schol. Apoll.
(j)(opr]v

opvfop

cf.

Rhod.

Dion.

fj8iov.

De

i.

1086

Avib.

fiXoyas

(q. v.)

8'

7 t&J" dXicvovav

ii.

Pindar

ovk av

and melancholy note

Its plaintive

62 (34) ap.

fr.

Se oacrnu eiVe ttiv ciXkvovos

Eur.

('inoi Tis els (f>o,)vfjv

in T.

I.

1089

d napa neTpivas, ttovtov 8eipd8as, dXKvai', eXeyov oiTOf dtideis

Ar. Ran. 1309 dXKvoves

at Trap' devdois daXdcrarjs Kvpacri aronpiiXXfTf.

Mosch.
563 H-^if^p 'AXkvovos noXvTTfvBfos oltov i'xovcra
AXkvovos S' ov t6(t<tov iii aXytdiv 'iax^ K^v^. 0pp. Halieut.

II.

ix.

8f

8v(TTrjvos

rj

See also Lucian

fivpofifva.

Utr. Anim., Ov. Met.

Eumath. De Hysm.

in

old

aKTais

rts

i.

x. p.

TTfvdeaTtpnt, dT]86i'fS OprjvrjTiKMTepm,

aiirrjs

npos dpfjvou

Theocr.

How

According

to the

Id. vii eBprjva Ta>v cowp avTiis iv

448

Tfjv

81],

imitated

Anim., Antig. Hist. Mirab.

^dXe nijpvXos
in

f'lriP,

(Ixxi)

27.

cf.

Sw^rji pipovpffat to iToXv8aKpv,

Scholia in Ar. Aves, Horn.

Tjj

II. ix,

daXdcrcrr] KXcopePdyp,

Cf. also

Alcman

vii.

17

(ap. Antig.

cf.

I.

c.)

os t eVl KipaTos cwBos ap^ dXKvoveaai, noTrjTai

Ar. Av. 251 hv t

dXKvuvecrcri noTUTai.

1 1 1

yXunTav dXKvovei noXv-

the females carry the old males on their backs, Ael.

Plut. Utr.
(idXe

e'pi^ovaai.

et

p.

AXKvopis, yoepols BaKpvai

60, Her. xviii. 81, &c., &c.;

H. L.

also

iii.

40
424

i.

Alcyone, Philostr. Imagg. 362 K, Plut.

Trist. v.

xi,

Marm. Oxon.

Epigr. in

oSiperat

Cf.

iii.

arovoevTa t6 ^vXa aXKv6va>v.

li-rjTrjp

oppis,

imitated

(ttI

nuvTiov ol8p.a daXda-a-rjs

(piiXa

/xer

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

30

AAKYflN {contimud).
Beloved of the Sea-nymphs, Theocr.

Georg.

59, cf. Virg.

vii.

Associated with Pallas, Antip. Sidon. xxvi, Gk. Anth.

from

ITnXXciSos aKKvi)va (the shuttle,

Pindar

fr.

With

1.

its

swift flash of colour)

i.

399.

p. 12 Ifnav

ii.

with Hera,

c.

ep. ^ovdo^, Mnasalc. viii (Gk. Anthol.

The Nest. Arist. H. A.

v. 8,

542 b

[vide

p. 124),

i.

s. v.

rponas ras

t'iktu rrept

mtra-

x^t/ie/Jti^ds*

816 Kcn KaXovvrai orac euSinvai yevwvTai ui Tponni, aXKuoviSes rjixepcn

"(ibs

inra

TpoTTcov,

fifv Tvpo

^ipcovlSqs

enra

fnolr}(TV,

OTTorav ^eipepiov Kara pr]va TTtvvaKi] Zeus fjpara TtaaapaKaideKa, \a6ave p6v

pnv copnv KoKeovcriv

re

pera Tponds, Kaddnep Kal

de

enix^doi/ioi,

lepav 7Tai8oTp6<pov noiKlXas

ylvovTPX S eidifLval, orav avplBfj vorinvs y'lveadai

^opeiov yevopivqs.

Xeyerai S

oXkvovos."

rponai,

rrjs

IlXetaSoy

eV cttto pei> rjpepais TTOifladat

rrjv

veoTTidv,

tcis

iv be Tali XoiTraiy iivra rjpepaLs riKTeiv ra reorrta Ka\ eKTpcf)eiu.

nepl

jiev

ovv Tovs (VTai'Ba ronovs ovk dii avp^aivei yivecrdai dXKvoplbiis fjpepas nepl

ras rponds, iv 8e
TTfi'Te

cod.

nXetdSos

ria Si/ceXiKco

ndvTUiv

bvcriv

neXdyei crx^^ov

8'

tlktu

del.

anaviioTarov Ihelv dXKvova eariv'

fie

Km rponui

opdrai povov, Koi iv

To'is

rj

oXkuiov irepi

cr)(^e86p

yap

Trepl

v<f)6ppois npforov ocrov

TrepUTTTapevr] irepi to ttXoiov a(pavl^Tai evdvs, Sto Kai ^rrjaix^opos tovtov tov

(Schneider conjectures that this

rpoTTov ipvr'jadr] irepX avTrjs.

an Argonautic legend,

to

further described,

cf.

ib. ix. 14,

Rhod.

Apoll.

i.

616 irapopoia rals

cr(f)nLpaLs

Kai Tols KoXovpevais dXocrd^^vais, nXrjv tov \pu)paTos' ti]v

i^ovaiv,

Kai kotttovti plv aiBqpia) o^el

X.

K. T,

pdXiaTa eK

fie

Ael. H. A.
Plut.

De

Anthol.

ix.

Sol.

i.

17

see also Dion.

De Avib.

ii.

TiapKTTaTni Xeyeiv Kai a.8fiv

aanep

'

Ai]X(i> 8t] TTore

the dXKuoi'iSes or dXKuoi/eioi

(Gk. Anthol.

ais

iTovTos

p.

ii.

121)

del (TTrjpi^aTo

Ran. 1344, Ael.

koi iv

rolov 'AiroXXavoi

iqfjiEpai,

'

when
vii.

rjpairi

Ar. Av.

Kvpa, vTjVipov.

36, Philoch. 180,

The

49
(Gk.
;

descrip-

ttoXXokis 186vti kqi diyovri,

fie

dXKvdvav

Plin. x. (32) 47, (33)

napd

birds of

vaa.'

calm

sit

57 KdXKvoves arope-

Ta KvpuTa rdv re ddXncrcrav, tov t votov tov t tvpov.

Xlll

apa

dXo(Td)(VT).

?;

Cf. also Callim. xxxi

29, &c.

ipo\

imonvppov

diaKanTfTai,

lengthy description in

brooding on the charmed wave,' see also Theocr.

(TfiVTL

)(p6av

fie

p. 219) 0)9 TTrtpoj TiKTrjTia vorepr]! coeov dXKvdvos.

tion in Plutarch ends as follows

On

toiv aKiivBav t^s ^eXovris.

Anim. xxxv; Aes. Fab.

The Nest

rals daXaTriais icrrl

Tn)(v

oil

oe KOTTTOVTI Ka\ Tais X^P""' GpnvovTi Ta)(v SiadpcivfTai,

doKel

last refers

1085 and Schol.)

Apollonid.

KXavavpeda, dXKvovuyv,
1

594,

Anim,

Schol. in Ar.

Quaest.
Graec. pp. 1809, 1810, Apoll. Rhod. i. 1086, Plin. x. (32) 47, xviii. (26)
62, xxxii. (8) 27, Aul. Gell. iii. 10, Sil. Ital. xiv. 275, Plaut. Poen. 145,
i.

Casina, prol. 26, Diosc.

xi.

the

745, Colum.

number

xi. 2,

of the

according to

iv.

Dion.

Plut. Sol.

136, Alciphr.

De

Avib.

ii.

i.

7,

p. 983,

Lucian Hale. 2, Ovid Met.

Carm. De Philom. 383. On

i,

Halcyon days, see, in addition to the above, Suidas,

Simonides made them eleven (v. supra), Dema-

whom

AAKYQN
AAKYflN

{contimicd).

goras seven, and Philochorus nine.

Hieroz.

On

31

ii.

See also references

Bochart,

in

861.

myth

Alcyone and Ceyx, of. 11. ix. 563 (where the bird
cf. Heyne, in loc), Lucian, Halcyon. 2, where
Alcyone and Ceyx descend from the Morning Star, Ovid, Met. xi. 410,
Apollod. I. vii. 4, Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 399, Lutat. ad Stat. Theb.
ix. 361, Tzetz. ad Lye. p. 69, &c.
the

of

not mentioned, but

is

The myth of the Halcyon days is unexplained. The above statements have no zoological significance the Kingfisher neither breeds
at four months old, nor lays five eggs (but rather six or seven), nor
nests in the winter season, nor on the sea.
I
conjecture that the
story originally referred to some astronomical phenomenon, probably
in connexion with the Pleiades, of which constellation Alcyone is the
principal star. In what appears to have been the most vigorous period
of ancient astronomy (not later than 2000 B.C., but continuing long
afterwards to influence legend and nomenclature), the sun rose at the
vernal equinox in conjunction with the Pleiad, in the sign Taurus
the
Pleiad is in many languages associated with bird-names (cf. Engl. henand-chickens,' see also s. v. jiepovj;), and I am inclined to take the bird
:

'

the bull's back in coins of Eretria, Dicaea, and Thurii for the asso-

oij

ciated constellation of the Pleiad.

(Note, as a coincidence, the relation

of Alcyoneus to the heavenly Bull in Pind.

be Tov ^ovKoKov

(^rjcri,

nap' ov ras 'HXiov /3oCj

bird thus associated with Taurus

mentioned

coins,

Canon Tristram

where
(Ibis,

rather to be the

it

is

may

I. v.

47

ubi Schol. ^ov^orav

d7ri7A(icre

The

.)

particular

vary; on some of the above-

certainly not a Kingfisher,

1893, p. 215) to be a

Tern

it

to

taken by

is

me

Swallow, figuring as the bird of spring

it

seems

(on the

cognate symbolism of the Dove, see s. v. ireXeia). The Halcyon is said

by Canon Tristram (1. c.) to have been the sacred bird of Eretria
;

cannot find a direct statement of the

fact.

Suidas definitely asserts

At the winter solstice, in the

same ancient epoch, the Pleiad culminated at night-fall in mid-heaven,
a phenomenon possibly referred to in the line vii^ fianpf] koX ^f t/^a fxear^v 8'
eni nXetdSa SiWi. This culmination, between three and four months after
the heliacal rising of the Pleiad in Autumn, was, I conjecture, symOwing to the antiquity and
bolized as the nesting of the Halcyon.
corruption of the legend, it is impossible to hazard more than a very
guarded conjecture but that the phenomenon was in some form an
astronomic one I have no doubt. [It might for instance refer more
that the Pleiades were called 'A\Kv6ves.

directly to the Sun,

which anciently began

when in conjunction with

winter season, when in the lowest part

spring equinox
the
to

brood upon the

sea, only

beginning

its

annual course at the

and which at

its

the Pleiads,
of

its

course, might be said

ascent a

week

after the actual

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

32
AAKYftN
tropic

The

{continued).

Ptolemy, ap. Petav.

(cf.

and

risings

iii.

Kal. Jan.

54,

Sol elevari incipit)].

the Pleiads and of the

settings of

Dogstar were

apparently the chief landmarks of the ancient year, and in this con-

nexion the comparison

with

the Dog-star.

o-oXex';''}

aXoa-axvr]

be a corruption, by

to

akitadxvr]

Cf.

'

suggestive.

also

is

take

Volksetymologie,' of the Egyptian

Chalcid. in

Timaeum

Plat.

cxxiv, ed.

f.

Cum

hanc eandem stellam adrponvvov quidam, Aegyptii vero

aroKfxh^ vocant (v. Jablonsk. in Steph. Thes. and cf. Leemans in
Horap. i. 3). The common Egyptian name for the Dog-star is Sofhi,
and of this we read in Plut. De Isid. p. 375 2co^l AlyvnTia-Ti cn^fxaivei
Fabr.,

Kvi]cn.v

Tu Kveiv.

rj

The

birds anciently associated with the season of the vernal equinox

are, with the exception of the Nightingale, associated with St.

modern times

in

Harrier

KipKOi),

(cf.

the House-martin or Martlet

viz.

Fr. oiseau

Martin, and the

St.

Martin

(cf. ^f'^tSco*'),

It is precisely the same birds, with

Hoopoe and Woodpecker, and with the

the

Kingfisher, Fr.

martin-pecheur.

the addition of

the

substitution

solar

of

nXideTos (q. V.) for KipKos, that figure together in the story of the meta-

morphosis of Pandareus

Boios ap. Anton. Lib. Met. xi.

Geminus (?), Columella and Ptolemy

In the calendars ascribed to

{?),

the Halcyon days are placed in the end of February or beginning of

March.

cannot account for this discrepancy, which

variance with the older tradition

meaning and was simply transferred

to

clearly at

is

unless indeed the phrase

had

lost its

the season of the migration

of birds.

See also s.vv.

Nofe.
cf.
'

On

dirjSaji',

d\nrop<()upis, KTjpuXog, ktju|.

the mystical element in the stories of dXKvwv and

Lucian, Hale, ovk av exoipev

elive'iv

^ejiaiws ovt'

'

az/Scof

AXKVopoiv nepi, ovt

Ar]86vu)v' (cXe'os Be fivdav, olov irnpeSoaav TrnrepfS, toioito khl naicrlv epois,

S)

opvL dp!ivu>v peXoiBe, TrnpnSuxrui tu>v

crciiv

vpvuiv trfpi,

/cat

tov evaflSrj

crov

Kni (})iXavt)pov epuTd tvoXXukls vpvi\au>,

"AMAAAOI-

TTfpSi^, UoXvppt']vii!i,

An unknown

'AMnEAl'Z.

An unknown

'AMflEAl'nN.
(q. v.),

with epithet

dpneXi8es

as

Prol. p. 49.

Hesych.

bird.

Ar. Av. 304.

Cf.

Poll. vi. 52.

small bird mentioned together with dcm'jp

/covc^oraroy.

Taken

vvv dpneXionvas KaXovaiP,

In Mod. Gk. dpn-eXovpyds

as identical with dpneXls

J.
is

Pollux,

vi.

52

cf.

Lob.

the Black-headed Bunting,

called also KpaaoTroiXt, pedvarpa.

'ANA'FKHI,

name

S.

is

dvdKT]S'

opveov

ti

'ivdiKw, opuiov

y^dpat,

The
Anka or

Hesych.

strongly suggestive of the Arabic and Syrian

AAKYiiN ANOnAIA
ANAfKHI

{continued).

Onka, which

said to be identical with Simurgh, the magical

is

and which

bird of the Persians,

Athene

relation with

"Oy/ca;

is

Vide

812, 852.

An

'AN0OZ.

Mod.

s. v.

Symb.

397, Boch. Hieroz.

iv.

The name does

bird.

many

non-scientific or fabulous sense,

is

probably an exotic.

H. A. viii. 3, 592 b opri? o-Ka)Xr;Ko0uyo?,

609 b iTTTTW TToXe/xios' f^eXiivvfi yap 6 Innos in
incipyep.os S' earl Koi ovk o^vwTToy'

vep.eTai 6 avOos.

oiKel S' 6 tivdos

ix. I,

610 and

napa
12,

vofxrjs,

noav yap

yap rod imrov

Xa/3.'/j

KTUvti ainov.

615 hostile to aKavdis and alyi6oi' alyidov Ka\ apdov aipLa

With the above fabulous
cf. Plin. X. 74 (95).
:

Ael. H. A.

cf.

ttjs

fxifxi'iTcn

-noTafibv Koi eXt), ;^poaj' 8' ;^ei Kokrjv koX fii^ioTos iari.

ov (Tvpp.iyvvTai akXrjXois

account,

(iey(6os oaov cnri(n.

emnfTOfxevos koi e^eXavvei, orav Se

TTjv (jiwvrju, Ka\ (pol^el

not occur in

of the bird-names mentioned in a

Arist.
ix. I,

into

Hammer-Purgstall, Wien.

okkos.

unknow^n small

Gk., and like so

come

believed further to

Von

cf.

Jahrb. d. Lit. xcvii. 126, Creuzer,

ii.

33

o,Tt I'ivdos KaXovfxevos

v. 48, vi.
.

Ka.\

19 Idid^a Sc rais

pifju^a-fo-t

Tcbv

ToiovTwu

6 p.iv avdos vnoKplvirai )(pp.fTi(Tp.a innov.

see also Boios ap. Anton. Lib, c. 7, where

(47) 52
a son of Autonous and Hippodameia, killed by his father's
In Phile 705 it is the
horses, and metamorphosed into the bird aV^oi-.
fish dv6ias that is said to be hostile to the horse.

Also

Plin. X.

Anthus

iVo^t\

is

As

indicative of the mythical, fabulous,

and probably exotic

element in the above, compare the accounts of avQos and dKai/Gis

(?

aKuvdls

ev^iuros,

xpoav

a"yi(v)Oos are

KaXoi,

nrniD

ofco iroXeptos, ScC.l

perhaps two corruptions of the same word.

and though it is more than

the bird cannot be identified,

doubtful whether
identification

deserves

aKaiXrjKoffxiyo^,

the latter dKav6o(j)dyos, KaKojiios, KnKoxpoos,

and

Though

former

the

aK-avd-ls),

TToXepios

to

it

was ever known

to the

Greeks, yet Sundevall's

of avdoi as the Yellow Wagtail, Motacilla flava, L.,

This hypothetical identification

be recorded.

is

based

on the brilliant colour (which according to v. d. Miihle is more brilliant

in Greece even than in N. Europe) and on the localities frequented.

The Yellow Wagtail frequently consorts with the cattle at pasture,

it may indeed have become associated with the above
feeding on flies
;

fable, the origin of

which, however,

is

doubtless

more deep-seated and

obscure.

'ANOnAfA.

bird associated with Athene, possibly the

Night-Heron.

For
6>S dvoira7a ^LfTTTaro.
Od. i. 320 rt7re/3r; yXavKa^nn 'Adi]vr], opvis
various explanations and Scholia, see Steph. Thes. (ed. 1821), Lidd.
8'

and Sc, &c.

According

Rumpf, De aedibus Homericis,

ii.

p. 32,

Giessen, 1857, Nctolicka, Naturh. aus Horn. p. li, Buchholz,

Hom.

to

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

34
ANOriAIA

{contimicd).

Realien, p. 126, the Swallow, from

its

smoke-hule, Trapa to SuiTpi^tn'

v Tais

dfonn'm' opve'ov ouofxa kol eidoi,

ava

(MS.

a(pavi']s

Gloss,

onaU (Herodian).

rr]v onrjv rrjS

See also Ameis

(icfyavos).

6vpas,

rj

Hesych.

Cf.

ai^a rfjv OvpLOa,

loc, Doederlein, Horn.

in

(S:c.

Bochart, Hieroz.

ment

tj

passing in and out through the

is

made

337, suggests (not for the first time, for the state-

ii.

dictionaries) a connexion with Hebr.

Hebrew

in early

nDJK

be a species of eagle, partly perhaps

to make it fit in with the interpretation, common in his time, of dvomun.
But according to Lewysohn (Zool. d. Talmuds, p. 109), with whom

which he supposed

anap/ui/i,

to

Tristram agrees, anap/ia/i is rightly translated Heron (Lev. xi. 19),

which seems to me to lend support to the hypothesis that avonaia
is

identical with

"ANTAP"

deros-,

I'TTO

TO opveov,

e7ro\//-

Schmidt

Hesych.

in

II. x.

274.

HcSych.

TvppiqvoiV,

ovtws KoKoivTui

'ANTI'^'YXOI*
'AnA<l>0'l-

Cf. e'pcuSios,

it.

UepLVOves opviOe^ (Q- ^'O' HeS)"ch.

01

{Probably a Macedonian word,

Hesvch.
or

more

likely

Egyptian, vide

infra,

s.

v.

eiro\)/).

"AFIOYZ.

Probably including the Swift,

bird of the swallow kind.

Cypschis

opus,

L.,

Martin; Mod. Gk.

and Hiriindo

rupestris,

neTpoxe^i^ovi.

Also for

Scop.,

the

Cliff

KvyjreXos,

the

Sand

Martin.

H, A.

Arist.

(paii'sraL 6 p.v

30,

618

i.

anovs

01 S' I'lnohfs,

I,

487 b opvis KaKOTrovt

ncicrav u>pav,

rj

ovs KaXovai rives Kv\j/eXovs

ov yap padiov Siayf ajrai npos

rrjV

iv aTyv(3 de

TTOie'iTai Tcis

L.
it

lb. IX.

toIs x.^Xi86(rLV elaiv'

ti]V Kvrjfirjv

TTeTrXatTp.vats paKpats,

exei" ^acrelav.
ocrov

iLahvcnv

veoTTias vno nerpais koi anrjXaiois, uxTTf

Koi ra drjpia Kai tovs dvBpuinovs fiiac^euyfii'.

nisi in

o/jloiol

xeXidova, nXtjV tcS

PfOTTevovcriv iv Kvyj/eXlcnv ck TTf/XoO

ej^oi'craiy"

Plin. xi. 47), evTrrepos.

(cf.

8e 8pe7rav\i orav var] tov depovs.

Cf. Plin. x.

39 (SS) ^is quies

nido nulla, &c.

The name is
As regards

traditionally identified with the Swift, Cypselus apus,

the former passage (which

appears that H. rupestris

is

doubtfully authentic)

the only bird of the Swallow kind

is

which is a permanent resident in Greece (Kriiper p. 255, &c.), though

Erhard (p. 46) says that Swifts winter in the Cyclades. The second
passage is corrupt, and contains two different accounts of the nest
(cf. Sundevall p. 130).
H. rupestris builds solitarily, on the face of
high

cliffs (vTTo

jiaKpais)

seems

nerpaii) (Kriiper,
to refer to the

1.

c).

The

Sand Martin,

other account

(eV

Kv^eXiaiv

vide s.v. Kui^eXos. Sundevall

ANOnAIA APHH
AHOYI

$5

{continued).

Aubert and Wimmer (p. in) take it

be the House Martin (Hirundo urbica L.). The name 7rerpn;^eXi8oi/i
appHes in Mod. Gk. both to //. riipcstris and to the Swift (Heldreich).

takes nTTovs to be the Swift:

to

An Euuscan word

"APAKOI.

Hawk.

for

Tvpprjvol,

h'pa^,

"ipaKOi-

Said to be a Lydian word, Jablonsk. in Stcph. Thes.

Hesych.

Cf. ^ap/3nf

a name

"APAMOI.

'APno'nOYI,

dpyiTroug.

s.

like
ii.

[Cf.

Supposed

xvi.

to

"APZI^OI.

Lat. iirinator,

mean

Apoll. Rhod.

p.

diver,

Sk, vdri, water (Curt.).]

330.

a diving bird, diver or grebe {Colymbus).

Cf. Suttttjs.

diver.

See also

apviVTr]pi (oncas.

742

which shot forth their feathers

Gems

Cf. King's Ant.

Perhaps only a professional

II.

ap^i(f)os.

doubtless an astronomical emblem.

1035-1052.

'APNEYTH'P.

birds,

Eagle, Hesych.

for the

or perhaps of

alyiiro'^,

Fabulous

'APHTIA'AEI "OPNIGEI.

Hesych.

ep(x)Bi6i,

Macedonian name

Perhaj>6 a corruption of

arrows

Heron

for a

385, Od.

II. xii.

413.

xii.

Persian word for an Eagle, Hesych. (Pers. karges).

Cf.

dpyioirous.

An unknown

"APOAZOI.
"APriH.

(Perhaps from

or fabulous bird

rt.

of

apTT-aC<^,

vide

s. v. apTrr].

An unknown

L. rap-io.)

or

fabulous bird.
II.

xix.

apirrj iiKvIa

350

\apco TTo'Sepovv).

rawTTTepvyi, "Kiyvipava) (Eustath. ^anv SaXaacTiov,

H. A.

Arist.

apnr] Koi IktIvos (fylXoi.

(KeiuT]

opoio^ioTos.

ix. 1 8,

Ael.

ix.

I,

609-610 en

H. A.

617 noXepios
ii.

47

f]

TTedovcra Toi/s ocpdaXpovs a(papTrd^(i.

8e

Cf.

8e

rrj

ano

01

^pevdos Kai Xdpos kul

^oivres TToXepioi aWrjXoLS, olov

apirrj

apirj]

17

Tijs
.

daXnrTrjs

.Tricfuy^

(pa>v^, Kai

opfios apirr] rSiv opvl6a>v

Dion.

De

Avib.

i.

4-

Kai

yap

vpoa-

Pun.

Harpe et milvus
95 (74) Dissident harpe et triorches accipiter.
contra triorchem communibus inimicitiis. The wife and son of Cleinis
Boios ap. Anton.
are metamorphosed into the birds apiri] and apTrnc-os
x.

Lib. Met. 20.

Places

Geopon.

ivy,

xv.

According

to

Kiaaos,

its

in

Hesych.,

apnr) is

Cretan for

nest for a charm, Ael.

i.

Ikt'ivos.

35,

Phile 729,

i.

The word is poetical. Dionysius (1. c.) refers to the Lammergeier.

Some mediaeval commentators (e. g. Gesner) take Harpe and Milvus
(Iktivos)

to

be identical

in Arist.

and

Plin.

11.

cC, as does also Tzetzes,

dpnrji', (i/jTru^wi/ ra

Chiliad, v. 413 IktIvos opvis ris eariVj ovivfp KaXovpev

.
;

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

36
APriH

{co)ili7iucd).

veoTTia

Tuiv cWfKTopi^coi',

TCI

M.

Milviis atcr, or

be a large Gull {Lams).

'AIBHNOI'*
"All AON-

and Sundevall makes Harpe the Black Kite,

Aubert and Wimmer suspect dfrnrj to
For other hypotheses, vide Buchhok p. 137.

/>a?-astticus.

Hesych.

u,)in6es,

Possibly akin to

Heb. HT'Dn, chasidah, the Stork.

Hesych.

ipco^iou,

Boch. Hieroz.

ii.

Cf.

321-326.

An unknown

'AIKA'AA}>0Z.

cnr'iuni.

bird,

mentioned

Arist.

H. A.

12 as

ii.

possessing colic coeca (dno^udSas).

Usually translated Owl, from the story of the Metamorphosis of

Ascalaphus, Ovid, Met.

v.

539 Foedaque fit volucris, venturi niinda

omen. Cf. Apollodor. ii. p. 107

luctus, Ignavtis bubo, diruni mortalibtts

iv. 462.
The mysby Creuzer, Symbolik, iv.
[Ouaenam sit avis, neque ex Aristotele neque ex Plinio aut ex
378.
Aeliano deprehendere potuimus. Sed Ovidius inter fabulas ostendit
Scaliger in Arist.]
esse bubonis speciem

arov

'A(TKd\iicf)ov ouv Ar]ixrjTr]p iiroirja-fv

tical

aspect of the story

is

Serv. ad Aen.

briefly indicated

'AIKAAn'riAI.

(do-KoXo-rras, Arist.

(T/coXoTTa^, q. v.

H. A.

Arist.

ix.

oaov ciXeKTopis, TO

26,

617 b eV

pvy)(^os priKpov,

The Woodcock according

abundant

in

?^IS.

Probably identical with

C').

The Woodcock, Scolopax

Greece in

rusticola.

rdl^ ki^ttoi? dXiV/cerai epKf(rii>, to /^e'ye^os

to )(pa>pn op,oiov

drra-yiji'i'

rpe;^fi Se

Taxv,

and Lindermayer is very

November. Aubert and Wimmer rather identify
to v. d. Miihle

aaKaXcdnns with the Curlew,

'AZTEPI'AI.

An Eagle

I.

;(;pD(rderoc,

Acl.

ii.

In

39.

Arist.

H. A.

ix.

36,

620, mentioned as yevos UpaKav, and usually identified with the

Goshawk.
249 aarfpiav vertit Theodosius stella^'em
puto nostrum astiircni
ut enim punctis quibusdam

Cf. Scaliger in Arist. p.

igitur

fuTTfp'iav

tanquam

stellis

totus pictus

adopted by Sundevall,

is

in

pectore.

inacceptable.

This

identification,

uaTepins

is

said to

though
be the

and to feed on fawns, cranes, and in Crete, bulls

seems to be used not of the actual bird but as a symbol,

largest of the eagles,

like xpva-deTos

it

probably astronomical.
II.

bird of the

Heron

kind, supposed, for a similar

unsatisfactory reason, to be the Bittern,

It is

Ardea

and equally

stellaris,

L.

only mentioned in connexion with an Egyptian myth, probably

relating to the Stork

and corrupt

and the name

(cf. aaiSoi').

itself is in all

probability foreign

ATTAfAI

APOH
AITEPIAI

{contimted).

H. A.

AllSt.

'^^'^

bovKwv.

TiQaa-evernl ye

Ka\

aa-repias,

609b, 18,617

IX. 1,

y(Vf(T6ai in

livdoXoye'LTcu

el

iv

8e Tis avrhv ovubl^oiv doiiXov

Vide

a name

'AZTH'P.

De

for the

Avib.

epoiSicov yeVoy, (TTiKnXnvfJUvos

H. A.

Ael.

V.

36

OKvm

eVrtj/

oppidos

(poov?]s

fKdifi.

o 8e opyi^fTta' Kal e'lris okvov KoXfo-fiev

(S to dytvues aKcoTTTufiepoi Kai

cos Kat

S. V. epcuSios.

Goldfinch, vide

s. v.

dKa'0uXXis.

2 darepes ols fpvdpos re kvkXos

iii.

oVo/xcJ

Alyvnra, Kai updpa)nov

rrj

eiTvot,

nvTOU, 6 de j^pepdveTiu Kui uyavaKTel,

S (ipylav evdvpafievos.

Dion.

?n

uxrnep

e'crriV,

d<TTi]p,

Arrives in spring with the North wind, and

caught with bird-Hme.
eVl

Tuls KfcfyaXals.

An unknown

'AZTPArAAfNOZ.

small bird, mentioned along wilh the

Perhaps a synonym of darrip

foregoing, wilh epithet raxvi.

Belon

(cit.

Bikdlas) has

to Giglioli, the

'AZTPAAO'Z'

word

is

known

not

vno

yj/apos,

= Go\d{inch,

s/raga/tno

It.

in

any modern
Hesych.

OeTraXaiv,

but, according
Italian dialect.

Supposed

akin to L. s/ur-nu-s (Curt.), h.paru-s (Fick), O. H. G.

An unknown

'AZ<I>AA0'Z.

'ATTAPA'Z,

diTaYciS,

s.

have dTTayiis,

s.

bird

Hesych.

s. v.

to

be

s/)rd,

&c.

ivBvaKos.

Also drTaPuyds, Hesych. (MSS.

a.rTa,yr\v.

d-rraYiS, drayr]),

is

and

rayTii'dpioi',

Suid.

Cf.

Lob. Path.

Athen. 388 B notes the accent as an exception, and the

plural aTTaym, not aTTayi]Vs
cf. Eustath. p. 854 to naXcnou 'ArTayal
Mod. Gk. Tayivdpi (Du Cange), drTufj.ev 'AzTiKios, ATTuyrjves 6e koivcos.
yivapi (Sibthorpe ap. Walpole, Mem. rel. to Turkey, p. 262), Xi^a8oi.

p. 142.

'

Vide s. v. rayiii'. The word has been taken for an

Egyptian one, from the phrase 'Arra-yas Alyvn-Tuis, Clem. Alex. Paed.
ii. I. p. 140
cf. Sturzius De Dial. Aeg. p. 86, ap. Steph. Thes. p. clxxiii.

iTep8i$ (Tournefort).

The Francolin,
P-

Tetrao francoliniis, L.

See Lilford,

1862,

Ibis,

352.

Ar. Av. 247, 761 with ep. tioikiXos, nepinoiKiXos or Trrepon-oiViXos (cf.
in loc.)
cf. Suid. ecm KaTdcTTiKTos ttoiklXoh TrrepoTs' XtytTai St eni

Meineke,

common

8ovX<i)v KaTeaTiyp.eva)v.

Ar. Ach. 875,

Crete, praeterquam in

Cydoniatarum regione,

H. A.

ix.

TtTTJTlKOS
(f)(ovr]

26,

617 daKaXainas to

fiev dXeKTpvi'ivi
ix.

387

f.,

how

/cat

Ael.

dvap-eXnei avTn.

exdiara, dXeKTpvuv

8'

H. A.

lb.

vi.

iv.

absent from

Plin. x. 58 (83).

xP'^H-^ op-oiov dTTayrjvi.

dXX' fniyUOS KIU KOPiaTlKOi.

(f)deyyeTni

in Boeotia

42 TO

ix.

Arist.

49 B, 633 ov

'l8iOV OVOp.a

fj

crd fV(l

45 ^ooicri 8f apa drTaydi

av ndXiv dTTaya.

Socr. ap. Athen.

the drTayds in Egypt said in times of famine Tp\s toIs

Kaicnvpyois KaKa (vide

Casaub. in Athen.

V. H. XV. 27. Alex. Mynd.

in

Athen.

1.

ii.

c. p.tKpc3

p. 420, ed. 1600)

cf.

Ael

pkv p-fi^av eVrl nep8iK0i, oXos


A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

38

ATTAfAI

{continued).

8e KaTdyfin(f>os

Tci

to vcotov, Ktpafieovs Trjv ^poav vnonvppi^av

TrejA

paWov.

6r]pV(Tni be Irro Kvvrjyav 8ia to j3apos Kn\ Trjv Tcbv TTTfpcov ^pa^vT^jTa.

Dion.

De

Avib.

iii.

10.)

e'crri

Schol. in Ar. Av. 250 6 aTTayas 6

yap

Xi/xi'coStj

Proverbs.

Timon
in

ii.

aTTayas vovprjvla

ap. Diog. L.

[crurepp^frnt], Trapoipla
s. v.

Paroem. Gr.
Ar. Vesp. 257 To*'

Proverbial as a delicacy

rj8t(TT0i> eyj/fLV

to.

friendly with

is

p. 307,

i.

TOiV

KkfTTTcov,

ii.

Cf.

pp. 16, 212 (Scaliger

nriXov ua-ntp aTrnyas Tvpl3d(Ttis

Ar. YlfXapyoU in Athen. 388b aTTayas

PhoeniCld.

iv iiriviKiois Kpens.

eVt

Schol. Ar. Av. 762.

vovpi'jvios,

ix. 16. 6,

Prov. metricis).

/3aS(^coi/.

It

404.

uTTayas, Hesych.

V.

s.

tov \eipu>va tov Mnpa6a>vos.

Kn\ i'Xeia X'^pin KaTajSoaKfTca 6 aTTayas.

the stag, 0pp. Cyneg.

Suid.

'4x<>>v

(Cf.

aneppnXoyos.

de kovkttikos, noXineiivos re koI

4- 5'-'9

Kovhev

tovtwv npos

rjv

avp^aXnv Tav (ipapaToii'. Martial, xiii. 61 Inter sapores fertur

alitum primus, lonicarum gustus attagenarum. Cf. Ovid, F. vi. 175, Hor.
Plin. x. 48
Apicius, De Re Coquin. vi. 3
Aul. Cell.
Epod. ii. 54
Noct. Att. vii. 16, &c. Mentioned also, Hippon. fr. ap. Athen. 1. c.
aTTayriva

The Francolin does not now occur in Greece or Italy, though it is

found in Crete, Cyprus, Sicily, Malta, and on the southern shores of the
On this account, Sundevall and
Black Sea (Lindermayer p. 125).
others have disputed its identity with aTTayas, and have identified
the latter with various birds, especially Perdz'x cinerea, the
(or Northern) Partridge
it

Newton, Cont. Rev. 1876,

C. T.

to be Pteroclcs alchata, a species of Sand-grouse.

especially that of Alex. Myndius, point

The

Common

p. 92,

taking

descriptions,

distinctly to the Francolin,

and even Lindermayer does not doubt that the name is to be so

The record by
interpreted, and that the bird was formerly abundant.
Sibthorpe of the modern Greek name, which I cannot find in more
recent writers, suggests that the bird has only lately disappeared from

According

Greece.
it

is fast

to

Danford (Dresser, Birds of Europe, vii. p. 124)

likewise in Cyprus (Guille-

disappearing in Asia Minor also

mard, The Field, Sept. 892).

in recent years from England
BAI'BYKOZ"

TiiXiKCivos

other readings,

Hesych.
BAIH'0.

An

i.

v.

is

'Apeplas

i^iXrjTus,

Steph. Thes.

[Se]

ii.

ovuparos,

Hcsych.'

^av(3vKos,

coll.

For

and Schmidt's

40, 41,

pp. 352, 366.

Egyptian name

for a

(rrjpaivft Ka\ KnpS/nj/* ecrrt

Kapbia KaT

of the Ouail

a parallel case.

Hawk.

Horap. i. 7 avrl ^vx/js 6 lepa^ TiKTcreTdi,

jcaXeiTflt yap Trap AiyvTTTiois n Upa^, Baa'jd,
i/'i'X'?''

The general disappearance

AiyvnTLovs

v|/'u;(j)v

yj/v^rji

(yKapbiav'

dcf)

yap to pev

(k

tiJs

tov ovopaTOS eppijveias'

tovto 8e to ovopa diaipedev,

/Sat v/'i'X'/'

''"''

^^

^1^

Kapdla'

fj

de

ntpilioXos, coare arjpaipfiv ti)v crvpdeaiv tov

ov Ka\ 6 lepo^ 8ia to npos

Trp/ ''p'vxrjv

avp-

ATTAfAI BEAAOYNHI
BAIH0

39

{continued).

vdap ov

naBi'iv,

Leemans

w Km

nivei to KadoXov, aXX' alfia,

Horap.

in

p. 151,

and

in particular

j]

^vxr) Tpecfxrai.

Cf.

Lauth, Sitzungsber. Bayer.

Akad., 1876, p. 78 the hawk enters as a phonetic or alphabetic element

into the hieroglyphic spelling of dai' or da, and in the second place
becomes associated with the symbolic meaning of the word. I suspect
;

that 0(u'/3uKo?

closely allied, especially as a bird like a pelican

is

figured instead of a

The Egyptian
by

hawk

an alternative spelling of the syllable

in

is

du.

Hawk is also mentioned

and the Harpy-figures which

representation of the Soul as a

Cha.evemon,\f/vxrj-tfKios-0e6s

= iejni^;

it,

disembodied soul are interesting in connexion with

246 cf. Jomard, Descr. de I'Eg. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 366,
381, Bunsen, Egypt's Place in History, v. 135, R. Brown, jun., Dionys.
Myth. i. 340, &c.
represent
Plat.

the

Phaedr.

BA'P[B]A="

p.

irapa A/jSuat,

'ifpa$,

An unknown

BAPI'THI.

BAIIAEY'Z.

name

H. A.

Arist.

Koi ^acriXevs'

viii.

fiio

k(i\

small bird.

for the
3,

Hesych.

592

Cf. apaKOs, ^eipaKcs.

Dion.

De

Avib.

2.

iii.

"Wren, Lat. Regulus.

b, ix. 11,

615 a rpoxiXos (caXftTm

khI

noXfuelv.

Ep.

rov cutov outo',

(pacri,

omnium bipedum nequissimus

Plin.

npea^vs
i.

5,

14

H. N. viii. ^y. See

also Carm. de philomela v. 42 Regulus atque merops et rubro pectore
progne Consimili modulo zinzinulare sciunt. Vide s. vv. |3a(n\iCTKOs,
regulus

p6j3iXXos,

jrpeCTJSus,

rpiKKOs,

Tpo)(iXos,

cf.

Plin.

TpwyXoSuTYjs,

ru'pai'i'os

and

especially opxiXo?.

BAZIAI'IKOI,

Artemid.
Koi

A name for the "Wren = Pao-iXeu's.

p. 234 H rn 8e pLOvaiKn Kal TjSvcfxovn (piXoXoyovs

empcovovf,

o)?

;^eXi8a)j'

Km

koi

Ar. Av. 885. Vide

BA'ZKIAAOZ-

Kia-a-a,

Hesych.

s. v.

(A

Km. povcriKois

^aatXiaKos Kai ra

Fab. deros Km ^uaiXiaKos, Plut. Mor.

pdPiXXos.

BAIKA'I.

drjduiV

ii.

up-oia.

Cf.

806 E.

Poctkos.

/SdaKco, fortasse,

ut loquax,

Lob. Prol.

p. 120.)

BATl'Z.

An unknown

bird.

H. A. viii. 3, 592 b "pvit aKmXr]K(.({)dyos. (Gaza translates 7-ubcira,

as if from ^dros, a name like our brambling,' and apparently supposed
the bird to be the Stonechat, the traqicet of Belon, to which bird,
Arist.

'

Saxicola fubetfa, L., his

BATYPPHTA'AH.
BEl'PAKEZ-

BEAAOY'NHZ*

UpaKfs,

name

I>ydian

is still

word

Hesyth.

Tpwpxrjs, AaKcoves,

applied.)

for a Kite,

Ikt'ivo^,

Possibly for fUpaKts.

Hcsych.

Hesych.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

40

BI'TTAKOX.
BOZKA'Z,

v.

common

PacTKcis, Ar.

H. A.

water-birds, ofiows
52, 395

ix.

Kni (Xarrovn

HfV

rrj

fxiv

viii.

Mynd.

BOYKOAI'NH-

H. A.

609

ix. I,

^pfvdos

(v.

Km

Xdpos Koi

1.

or birds,

cf.

Bonap.

Arist.

H. A.

685,

viii.

1.

evioi

[mentioned with

3,

to7s opea-i Kni

e7ro\|/'].

Ibid.

fipiv6o<; is

perhaps

Hesych.

Mod. Gk. pnovcpos, Lat. dudo, It. 6li/o,

Germ. uhu.
[Cf. Lith. bub-auii, to

i^wo,
ii.

620.]

Eagle Owl, Strix

59^ b

ecrri

5'

6 jSi'a? Triv

ptyedos cUtou ov8fv fXaTTav.

26,

omp

8e ol otto t^s BnXaTTtjs ^aivres aXXr/Xois, (ilov

usually as a bird of evil omen, e.g.

xlii.

IBpevdos,

branta, the Brent Goose.

especially the

nius,

opveov

In this latter passage,

apnr}.

O. H. G.
i.

fxei^oves

(?)].

615 a ^pivdos [MS. Vat. ^pivdos] Iv

^pvai), for /3u/^as

l/u/10,

An Owl,

fie

bird,

aX^KTpv(x>v eviavaios,

shriek, Fick

TO

piKpa

(pacrKades

fieri TvapairXricnoi.

Hesych.

a sea-bird, noXp,ioi

a,

BPHTO'I*

Sp.

l3ocrKu8a>v pe'iCov

mentioned Dion. De Avib.

small bird,

fv^ioTos eVri KoX oJSiKo?

a later interpolation

BY'AI

ciWo yeuos

Hesvch.

ix. li,

vXr] KaTuiKil.

ap.

Aesop 235.

in

Kucr(Tv(j)ou Xeyovcri,

Arist.

Mynd.

aadevrj^.

An unknown

BPE'NOOI.

the heavier

Alex.

[Said to be from ^ov- intens., and ToXaco

The Nightingale,

rfj

Tu Xoino. vfjTTais

KiyKXoi, to opveov,

BOY'TAAII.

eari de Koi

ibid, ai 8e XeyofKvai

An unknown

with epithet

2,

iii.

among

e'Xarrcoi/.

)(rjva\a>7TfK0S.

ovo'aL To)v fXLKpMv KoKvpL^iboiV,

BOYAY'THI.

querquedula), both

also a larger species.

593 b mentioned

3,

to de fityedos

pi'jttj],

crupixeTpla ra pvy)(a.

Alex.

(ftauKcxs,

probably including

^ 1^^" ^^PP^" Karaypacpos, exovcTL 8e 01 cippeves aipd Tf

'^

eXazTOV 8e

vr]TTT]s,

Athenaeus

in

(^A.

Av. 885.

PoaKcxs, Arist.

Athen.

and

v. v|/iTTaKOs.

and Garganey

crecca)

Greece

in

s.

A small Wild Duck;

|3aaK(s, <j)a(7Kds.

11.

Teal [Afias

the

Vide

Parrot.

8, liv. 29, Ivi. 45, Sic.

in loc., Plin. x. (12) 16, Ovid,

Cf.

Met.

favourite

Ivi.

29

bubo, L.,

pev tdeau opoios yXavKi,

word

of

Dion Cassius,

I3vns ((iv^e, also xl. 17, 47,

Bubo, Virg. Aen.

v. 550, vi.

Bubo maxi-

431,

x.

iv.

462,

and Serv.

453, xv. 791, Seneca,

Here. F. 686, &c.

The Owl,
also

is

bubo, in medicine

valuable,

and magic,

but difficult to obtain

Plin. xxix. 26
:

and 38

quis enim, quaeso,

its

egg

ovum


BITTAKOI rEPANOZ
BYAZ

4I

{continued).

unquam

bubonis

quum ipsam avem

videre poterit,

vidisse prodigium

sit?

The Eagle Owl

and

is

still

BY'ZA

(Suits.

not rare in Greece

is

(v. d.

Nic.

Anton. Lib.

ap.

10,

where the daughters of

IMinyos are metamorphosed into wKTepls

and

yXav^,

i'cpvyov de

/3i^^a'

:= AfvKodeas

(Hence

s.

H. A.

Also

15.

iv.

415),

Also Pocrca
Pu^aarpia,

Curt.)

jSvCdvTiov,

small bird, mentioned with

of presents to the Indian king, Ael.

list

BfiMOAO'XOZ.
Arist.

pdpKaXis.

others in a

Lib.

Ov. Met.
i'jXlov.

Hesych.

tov ^jrdpa,

BQ'KKAAII,

(of.

rpels rfjv avyrjv tov

(il

Boios ap. Ant.

opvis,

Herodian, 479.

BY'TGAN-

Miihle, Lindermayer),

called unoiKpos or yov^i.

25.

Jackdaw.

little

ix. 24)

and

a-vKoXis

xiii.

617 b rpiTOP yivos

tu>v koXoicov 6 fiiKpos, 6 /3a)/J.o\d;(oy.

See KoXoios.
rAYZAAl'THI'
fE'PANOI,
yeprjv,

17

opveov,

yeprjv

gamy,

Hesych.

Ael. Dion. ap. Eust. 231.

{?),

p. 49.

according to Curtius, from

yepavdy,

Ardca grus,

Strab.

i.

2.

28):

it

Gnis

L.,

The Crane

ytpdv (Heldr.).

sage only, chiefly seen on

(cf.

gar,

rt.

its

in L. grits, lAth, ger-vc,

cinereus,
in

is

auctt.

Mod. Gk,

Greece a bird of pas-

journey northward

in

the spring

breeds further north, in Macedonia (hence

gnies Strymoniae, Virgil, Seneca, Martial, Claudian, &c.

s.

Bis-

Lucan, &c.) and on the Danube (Kriiper,

toniae, Antip. Sidon. cv,

p. 267).

to cry.

garan, O. H.G. chranuli, Germ. Kra/iich, Kran,

Bret,

Armen. JCf'unk, Eng. crane: without the n

O. SI. geraw', Russ. zurawl (v. Edl., &c.).

The Crane.

Also

enUoivov tw yeVet, Suid.).

6i]Xua y^pavos

fj

Lob. Prol.

cf.

Etymology doubtful
Cf. Uith..

'ivbols,

Theophr. Sign,

(6 ap.

Hesych.

35 (175);

mipa

In Horn, ykpavo^ doubtless includes the Stork also, the

latter bird

not being mentioned, though equally

Troad (Schliemann,
Description.

fioKpov

TpaxqXov paKpov,

id.

De

Ilios, p.
6;(f(

common

113).

to pvyxps, Arist.

Acoust. 800 b

cf.

H. A.

i.

(ashy, cinereous,

cf.

description, Athen.

Babr.

Ixv. Ij,

I,

486b.

tov

Prov. (pdpvyya avrm paKpo-

Tepou yepiifov yiviaOai rjv^aTO Tis o'^ocpdyas, id. Nic. Etll.

An uncomplimentary

in the

iv.

131 E.

iii.

13, I18,

&C.

In colour, Tefppu

peXdvTepn yrjpd'jKovaa rd nrfpd

iV;(fi,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

42
TEPANOI

{continued).

5i9,cf.DeGen.v. 5,785, PIin.x.42 (29), Solin.c. 10. Its

Acoust. Soo
frag. 241, p. 152 a cf. II. iii. 3, Antip.
Sidon. xvii, Q. Smyrn. xiii. 104, Ar. Av. 710, Virg. Aen. x, 265, Mart.
Ep. XXX Lucret. iv. 182 in Carm. De Philom. grus gruit &.Q.. With

Arist. H.A.iii.i2,

De

noisy cry, Arist.

ep. /3coAoK07rof, Cratin. 2. 20.

A
49

smaller species in the

Balearic

Islands, called

Plin. x.

Vipio,

(69).

Gregarious habits: ayiKnlov, H. A.

Kai v<p' rjyfjxovi,

O. Smyrn.

615

i.

I,

Pugnacity

488.

104, Ael.

xiii.

i,

i.

Its flight is lofty, ovpavoOi npo,

b.

av yepdvov

(jiu>vr)i'

which

Pind.

cf.

eyyuj inTap,ni,

aa-Tpoou

eK

ennicovcrjjs, ''Y\j/udtv

Nem.

488,

iv. 12,

597b;

fights with the eagle,

and with

13;

iii.

II.

own

its
iii.

ve(j)toL>v

3;

TroXtnicoi/

II.

xv. 692,

kind, H. A.

ix. 12,

Hes. Op. 446 evr

cf.

iviavcria KeKXrjyvirji (with

depdeh dveKpayov); Aes. Fab. 397

Arist. H. A. ix. lo, 614b, Avian. Fab. .XV Ast

vii el

nepitv

ego deformi sublimis in aera penna, Proxima sideribus numinibusque

feror
Ael. iii. 14, Plin. x. 23, Isidor. Origin, xii. 7
see also Horap.
;

where a watcher of the

98,

ii.

stars

is

as a crane, v^rjXais yap ttuw InTOTai,

"ivn

iv

dinpevrj

rjcrvx^ia

Lays two eggs,

dedarjTat

li'<i

to. P(pr], pn] lipa )(^(ipd(j],

against the wind, Arist. H. A.

flies

ib. ix.

615 b

12,

ov dvyKuOdaris

Egypt

said to be symbolized in

viii. 13,

Trjs drjXeiai

597.

enijSaivei

TO (ippev, ib. V. 2, 539 b.

Migrations.

Arist.

H. A.

viii.

12,

597 earon leaver iv eK

roiv

^KvdiKav

Herod. ii. 22). A fuller account,

how they alight before foul weather, how they have in front a leader, Ka\
Tovs enuTvplTTovTas ev rots eVx^Tois how when sleeping they stand first on

Tre8io)v els

ra

eXrj

ra ava

Tr]S

hlyinvTOV

(cf.

one leg and then on the other

H.A.

Arist.

and how

ix. 10,

614b:

how while they rest the leader keeps

cf.

their discipline taught

Cf. in particular

1522

frag. 241,

men the

Eur. Hel. 1478 At/3ves

a,

rules of government, Ael.

oluiVoX

Av.

17,

ii.

&C.

iii.

iii.

13,
11.

Plut.

The

De

Sol.

Anim.

IVIor.

How

young

the form of a triangle, with the old in front, the

middle, Ael.

iii.

14.

erroXaSes op^pov Xiiroicrnt

)(eipepiov v'laaovTUL TTpea^vTara avpiyyi ireidopevai iroipevos,

fly aloft in

watch,

Antig. H. Mirab. 46;

they

in the

967 C, 979 A, Dion.

De

distance they traverse, crossing the Euxine

between the promontories of Criumetopon and Carambis, Plin. x. 30

from Thrace to the river Hebrus, Ael. ii. i cf. Diog. Perieg. 155 a'l
;

apfpOi)

Tjpap

^vvinaiv eviivrini, ov pev eovcrni 'iyyvdev,

The migration from Thrace

dvv(T(Tr].

dW

oaov oXkcis eVt rpiTOv,

takes place tov

MmpaK-

H. A. viii. 12 (pdivoncopov j]8r] peaovvros, Ael. iii. 13.

The flock was supposed to represent a A or other letters cf. Philostr.
Heroic, xi. 4, p. 710 ai yepavoi paprvpovrai rols 'Axaiois on avrai ypdpnarn

Tqpiavos, Arist.

fvpov:

cf.

Claudian.

ales Littera,
ix. 14,

xiii.

De

B. Gild. 477 ordinibus variis per nubila texitur

Lucan v. 712, Martial
notis inscribitur aer

pennarumque

75, Sec,

iS:c.

See also Bochart, Hieroz.

ii.

p. 78,

G.

J.

Voss,

TEPANOI
TEPANOI

De

{continued).

Gramm.

Arte

Lucian,

How

43

i.

Mayor

25,

i.

305, &c., &c.

each carries a stone, ir

Ael.

dveficov epixa,

Dionys.

30

of provident men, Suid.

^x^'"

Nat. Deor.

De

Nat. Deor.

''"''

SftTri'oj'

km

Hemsterh. ad

49,

ii.

c, Martial

1.

xiii.

75.

npos tus eV/3oAaf twv

Nonn.

Antip. Sidon. cv, Ar. Av. 1137, 1429,

I, cf.

ii.

515, Plin. X.

xl.

in Cic.

Cicero,

cf.

(23), also Prov. yepavoi Xidovs KnTnnfnTiJiKv'iai,

and how the same is a touchstone for gold,

is said to be so
hue of the crane's neck.] How the oldest
How
crane, having encircled the flock, dies and is buried, Ael. ii. i.

Ael.

[In Plin. xxxvii. 72, the stone yepaviTLs

13.

iii.

called from resembling the

who hold

they post sentinels,

Anim.

13, Plut. Sol.

iii.

stone

still

aloft

x, xxix,

a stone for wakefulness' sake, Ael.

De An. Pr. xi. The

Plin. x. 30, Phil.

and her

figures in heraldry as the crane

crane an Egyptian symbol of vigilance, Horap.

time of

coming,

its

Schol., Ar. Av.

The

fight

Kill

intelligent of seasons,' Hes.

710

and Schol.; cf

11.

TovTo pv6os, a\X' eori Kara

28, p. 35, XV.

57, p. 71

2.

i.

620; Philostr. Imagg.

Vit.

iii.

I.

50, p. 136,

cf.

yepnvos: Juv.

vi.

90

vi.

Op. 448 fjr dporoio re

Theocr. Id. X. 3 1 ^'^d

viii. 12,

597

F.

Heroic.

in Latin
vi.

Ai^urjv

ti)v

cf)uvoi/

dub)

{loc.

kcu

oh ydp

yevos piKpov pev, axTrrep Xeytrai,

elal tov fiiov.

p. 375,

ii.

observes the

Cf. also Strab.

Ctesias, Photii Biblioth. p. 68

Frequent

&c.

Ovid, Met.

23 (30);

gaudet avem

8'

It

6 avSpdai Ylvypnioiai

rtjv dXi]deiav

avTo\ KOI OL Irnroi, Tpu>y\o8vTai

i.

iii.

H. A.

Arist.

The

vigilance.'

Kpii^ovd is

orav ytpavus

a-netpeiv fiep

with the Pigmies.

Kijpa (fytpovcrni,

(an

'

(pepei, Ka\ yd/JLaros coprjv 8eiKvvi. 6p.^prjpov.

(rrj/xa

'

94.

ii.

Babrius xxvi

I.e.,

Plin.

H. N.

Geogr.

0pp. Hal.

Apoll.

iv. 18, vii. 2, x.

Pygmaeo sanguine

176 nee quae

Julian. Anticensor. Epigr. 3 aipari Uvypalav rjdopevrj

506,

168, Sec, &c.

xiii.

pigmies in Boios ap. Athen. 393

rjv

A
ns

myth
irnpd

of the cranes
toIs

and

Ilvypaiois ywi]

29 Boios ap. Anton. Lib. 16

Eustath. in Iliad. 1444. 14 Ovid. Met. 1. c. The legend of the Pigmies
appears in India in the story of the hostility between the Garuda bird

8LdaT]pos, ovopa Tfpdvn, k.t.X.i cf. Ael. XV.

and the people called ki7-ata, i. e. dwarfs, the SKiparai of Ael. xvi. 22
It is quite possible that this fable has
cf. Megasthenes ap. Plin. vii. 2.
an actual foundation in the pursuit of the ostrich by a dwarfish race.
Tyson's Essay
(Compare also Addison's poem Xlvypat.oyepavnpax'-'i
;

concerning the Pygmies,

The Cranes
168

Suid.

iS:c.

of Ibycus

S. v. "ijSuKos*

the avengers of crime.

o-uXAijc^^elf 81

vno XrjaTcov

iprjpias

yepuvovs, Of eTV^fv vnepinTaadai, eKdUovs ytveadai, Koi uvros

p(Ta 8e rnvra toov Xj^otwj'

'l^vKov

fiapTvpas.
c. 42,

Cf

Eudoc.

tis ev rfj

k.t.X.

Cf.

also Plut.

De

k8ikoi,

p. 247,

Zenob.

ec^ij,

xxviii.

12.

Garrul. p. 509 F, Nemesian.

37, Apostol.

ii.

14,

Diogen.

'e(pr]'

Spas

De
i.

kuv

tcis

p.fv avrjpedt'

noKei Benadpevos yep'ivovs

Iambi. V. Pyth.

i.

Thesmoph.

Schol. Ar.

eV

35,

Nat.

tSe, al

rovs

Hom.

H. Steph.


A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

44
TEPANOZ

{continued).

Animadv. ad Adagia Erasmi,

p. lo;

volucrumque

Stat. Silv. v. 3. 152

Evidently alluded to also in Ar. Av. 1427. See also

Welcker's interesting article, Die Kraniche des Ibykos, Rhein. Mus. i.

precator Ibycus.

pp. 401-413, ^^IZ-

weather-prophet.

TreVoirnt Kai a6\woi,

Geopon. i. 3. 12
in Ar. Av. 711
;

X.

265, Georg.

i.

sign of early winter, or of storm, iav Trpwt

Theophr. Sign. lil. I,

D. 629, and the imitation of the line
KXayyai KnXovaiv ofifSpovs, Ael. i. 44; cf. Virg. Aen.

cf.

al

Vav virocrrpacpaai neTOfj.efoi,

kcli

Hes. Op.

351, 373,

under a cloud In prospect

et

Milton,

(cf.

How

'j.

With clang despise

'

the cranes flying the contrary way, Ael.

weather, koI S

fair

nov yepavoi

civ

The crane was

Mentioned as food.

Cam.

ii

Plin. x. 30,

cf.

Ael.

ii.

Phen. loio

Plat. Polit. p. 114,

Hor. Sat.

ii.

of a beetle inside a dry gourd, Dion.

H. N.

factae, Plin.

sign of

Theophr. Sign.

cf.

p.

iii.

42) ov8iis

see however Babr. 13.

8,

brain used as an aphrodisiac, Ael.

Its

au neTop-epoi, Ka6apa i^aiaiv.

not molested, Lucill. 66 (Gk. Anthol.

noXepoi

TTpos yepavovs

fj

they see

if

14, cf. vii. 7.

iii.

npoTTupoide ya\r]vr]s, (KKpakecos

fjiaXaKTJs

Tavvcraiev eva Bpafinv rjkida naa-ai, Arat.

IV on yiip neTovrai nplv

the ground,

mariners return to port

i.

De

Athen.

Epod.

44.

How

Avib.

Plut.

p. 131,

86,

iii.

De Esu

35, Apic. vi. 2.

ii.

captured, by

means

Grues mansue-

1 1.

x. 23.

Their plumes carried in front of the shield by certain Eastern

Herod, vii. 70 cf, iv. 175.

tribes,

The Dance

i. 9 D, Luc. Salt. 34,

Perhaps described in Callim. Delian Hymn,
still danced in Greece under the name of KavStcoT;'/?, vide
515, &c.
Guys, Voy. litter., lettre xiii represented in Leroy, Ruines des plus
beaux monuments de la Gr^ce (2nd ed.), p. 22, pi. x (Ricard, Vies
de Plut. i. p. 137, 1829). The dictionaries usually say that the dance
mimics the flight of the cranes, which is incorrect
the dancing
of Cranes may be seen in the opening of the year in any zoological

J.

Poll.

called yepavos, Plut. Theseus, xxi.

20 (loi).

iv.
;

garden.

comic

Aristopho

simile, avvn6hr]TOi opdpov nepiTrnre'Lv yepnvos,

3.

361 (Mein.).
Fables.
y.

yepavoi kqi yeapyos,

Aesop, 93 (Babr.

34 (Plut. Mor. 614 F).

K(H flXcoTTr;^,

26).

y, kui Xvkos,

y. Kni

276

b.

XW^^} 4^^y. Kn\ raws,

397 (Babr. 65).

See also

n'NII

ciYP> ^^P'^l^-

(s. yvis).

TAAY'KION.

Tuscan word

for a

Crane

yepavos,

Hesych.

kind of Duck.

Perhaps the Golden-eye, Anas dangnla,

Bonap., which winters in considerable numbers

L.,

Clangula glaucion,

in all the

waters of Greece


TEPANOI
TAAYKION

some

p, 163); at least

Athen.

eyes like those of ykav^.

ix.

niKpa eXarrov

rfjv TQiv ofi/xaTap ;(pf)a'

(s.

The

naaav

vvktu

rfjV

H. A.

vvKrepo^ios, Arist.

H.A. viii.

3,

[cf.

aKfwTOfiai

aKcoyp',

nXX aKpiaiVfpov

Orjpevei,

Av. 5S9)-

pvovcn

rov (nT\i]va,

ex^i,

ii.

ol yXavK<ii)8ii KOI

ii.

hootings, Ar. Lys. 760 (vide

Gk. Anth.

Ael. x.

Rust.

i.

'4\ei

230

4.

35, Plin. x. 12, 16, &;c.

yXai K(I

fidxTji V 'S.aXapivi

Prov. yXav^ Inrarai,

cf.

(^acrt

wKre-

ovKara

/SXeVei T^STjfiepai.

Orjpevn 8e pvi
(cf.

Ar.

piKpov

evpvrepou to kutco' dno(pvd8as

The

16, 600.

yXav^ dvfKpdyrj

tiv

Tvpfi<^ aelo koi

(foretelling Pyrrhus' death)

2>7

KovKov^uta.

Ar. Lys. 760

owl's nocturnal

vv. |3uas, kiku|xis).

232 dp(p\ 8e

p.

ii.

488,

cf.

Koi Trepl opdpoi'.

(pcoXe'i, viii.

s.

Men.

bird of evil omen,

in

I,

ciWa fcoSapio, ix. 34, 619 b

rw nvco j3\e(f)dpco, ii. 12, 504.

(TTopaxov

506.

5,

oXiyas rjpepas

17) S'^9'

Gk.

]\Iod.
i.

S92b; oIk 6^v

Koi cravpas koi (TcfiovdvXas Kai Toiavr

yoov

t6 Se \fy6fiivov yXavKiou dih

= gleaming

Little Owl, Athene noctua, auctt.

pivos, ya/iv|^6)i'v|, Arist.

ecrTt vr'jTTris.

yXau^) (y\ aver era}, yXavKoi

Description.

ix,

species of duck with pale yellow-

395

Edl. p. 37]).

V.

ex,fi-

45

{continued).

(Lindermayer,

FAAY'r

rAAYE

De Re

see also Pallad.

portent of victory

8umTT]vni

Dion.

8e8o'iKanev.

aKXavroi yXaiKes '46(vto

Hesych. npo

Suid., Ar. Vesp. 1086, Eq. 1091

Ti]s

Hence

iTpoQrjpnlvovanv.

tijv viktjv

On

and Schol.

the Owls released by Agathocles to encourage his soldiers, see Diod.

Sic. XX. II, 3.

weather-prophet,

Theophr. Sign,
Georg. i. 403.
Cf.

The

hostility to

SxTTTfp fTTi Ti]v

acracra

iv,

Ael.

ii8iav pavTeverai,
vii.

of small birds, Arist. H. A.

it

yXaiKu

TO.

opven, cf.

Arist.

Ov. Met.

xi.

ix.

1522

241,

fr.

Arat. 999, Geopon.

7,

2.

i.

609, Luc.

a.

Virg.

6,

Harm,

24 et coeunt ut aves

si

luce vagantem Noctis avem cernunt

Plin. x. (17) 19, Sec.
Capture of small birds by means of the owl, Arist. H. A. ix. i, 609
T^y 8i riptpm Ka\ tu aWti dpvidia Ti]v yXavKa nepiTTfTarai, o KaXelrai

quando

6iivpd^eiv (cf.

ed.

Timon

Wachsmuth,

01

ap. Hesych., Diog. L.

Se

p,iv fjvre

yXavKa

iv.

42, Sillogr. Gr. p. 117,

Tvepi^ (rni^ai TeparovvTo), Ka\ npo(T-

nerdpei/a TiX^ovuif' 8l6 ol upvidodrjpai drjpevoKTiv

aiirfj

7ravTo8a7ra opvldia.

H. A. ix. 22, 617 b, Aeh i. 29, Phil. De An. Pr. 468, Dio Chrys.
an Egyptian version, Horap. ii. 51. Full account in Dion. De

Cf. Arist.
xii. I

Avib.

iii.

17 yXdiiKl Se al Kopv8aXi8es dypevovrai

XaXKrjs <jrrj(Tas d'^i8os rivdaaei,

Ki'K.X(o

al

pa/38ta TVipixpiaBiVTa

Kopv8aXi8es eXeif,

Prusiensis, Orat. 72

The owl
fr.

itself

276, 1527 b.

andpra

i^tp* Tr]v

12,

rjv

6 dijpaTi)! eni

iniTilvoiv,

quoted

pa^Sots aXiaKovTai.

aTrfC8ov(riv

See also Dio

in Schneider's Eel. Phys.

avTop^ovpfvos dXtV/cerat, Arist. H. A.

twos

Ka\ nepi6e\s

yXavKa to vvKTepivov opveov

tco T l^(0 koi rot?

and

crm'e;^cds

viii.

i.

12,

48.

597 b,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

46
FA A YE

{continued).

The War

of the

Owls and Crows

noXffiin yXaC|, Kopiovrj,

upxikos.

609 vvKTcop (m^ovXfvei tols dols ttjs Koputvqs, k.t.\.

Ael. iii. 9, Antig. Mirab. 57 (62), Plut. Od. et Inv. iv (Mor. 537 C).
The story is oriental, and is one of the chief tales in the Mahabharata.
Cf. Indian Antiq. March, 1882, p. 87; also, 'The Night of Slaughter,'
by Sir Ed. Arnold. The account in Julian. Imp. Orat. iv. 149 suggests
vide infra.
that the story is simply a parable of the Sun and Moon
Arist.

H. A.

I,

ix.

See also

S.

v.

kooui'T].

in\ Tciv dWrjXois

aWo

Prov.

Cf.

ykav^, liKko Kopavij (pdeyyerai'

(TvpcpayvovvTav, Suid.

nfj

Milks the ewes like a goatsucker uses a bat's heart to keep away
ants from its nestlings, Dion. De Avib. i. 15.
:

Sacred

No

to

Demeter, Porph.

Owls

in Crete.

De

Ael. v.

2,

Abst.
xvii.

iii.

5.

10, Arist.

De

Mirab. 124 (130),

83 (84), Plin. X. 29 (41).

Fables of the very wise Owl, Aes. 105, 106, from Dio Chrysost.

Ixxii.

fabled metamorphosis, Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib. 10

xii,

s. v. j3ul^a

see also Boios ap. Ant. Lib. 15.

The allusion to the Owl in Ar. Av. 358 is unexplained: it contains

some obscure reference to the sacred x^'^P'^ ^^^ probably to the feast
of the

p^i'Tpot.

yXaOl can scarcely be said to be a generic term, except in the sense

that the Little Owl, as the commonest species, is taken as typical
of the rest. It is still extremely common about Athens (cf. Ar. Av. 301

96 (Meineke), Lucian, Nigr. i, Diog. L.,

Propert. ii. 20, 5 nocturna
16, &c.
volucris funesta querela, Attica), as indeed it is, in one or other of its
It is the bird of Athene (cf. Ar. Av.
local forms, all round the Levant.

y\avK
Vit.

els 'Adrjvas, cf.

Plat.,

Antiph.

3,

ad Quint,

Cic.

ii.

Eq. 1092, &c., <S:c.), doubtless in her primitive character of the

Goddess of Night the epithet yAauKcoTrts is quite obscure, but I fancy
we have it used in a very ancient sense when applied to the moon, e. g.
cf.
Eur. fr. (ap. Schol. Ap. Rhod. i. 1280) yXaVKOinis re o-TpeCpeTai prjvi]
Emped. ap. Plut. ii. 934 C; cf. also yXavKw, a name for the Moon,
516,

Schol. Pind. 01.

On Athene
Creuzer,

vi.

76

(cit.

Fick, Beitr. Indog. Spr. xx, p. 156, 1894).

as a moon-goddess,

Symb.

iii.

380, &c.

It

cf.

Porph. ap. Euseb. P. E.

(yXavKd AnvpiMTiKni, Ar. Av. 1106, Schol.

Philochori

On

fr.

p.

83, Suid.,

iii.

11;

was represented on Athenian coins

in Ar.

Hesych.), and

is

Eq. 1091,
still

the

Plut.

city's

i.

442,

badge.

Owl from the Parthenon, see Friederichs,

Hesych. y\av^ iv ttoKh' napoifila, dvaKflrai yap vno
^aidpov iv TTJ aKponoXei. The owl of Athene is always a hornless, and
never a horned or eared species (cf. Blumenbach, Sp. Hist. Nat. Ant,
a very ancient colossal

Bausteine, p. 22

p. 20,

cf.

Gottingen, 1808).

dance called yXav^, Athen.

xiv.

629

f.

also aKwyjr,

q. v.

TAAYE rV*!'

An

rAQTTl'l.
Arist.
fiivjjv

undetermined

H. A.

viii.

47

bird.

Departs with the quails

12, 597 b.

yX^rrnv

e'^ayo-

Cf. Plin. X. 23 (33).

i'xd iJiexpi TToppo).

Supposed by Sundevall (op. c. p. 129) to be identical with Lvy^, the

Wr^meck, on account of the protrusible tongue; as also by Niphus,
in Arist., v. Camus, ii. 383
the Wryneck however winters in Greece
;

(Lindermayer

Belon identified it with the Flamingo, Gesner,

followed by Linnaeus, from a confusion with Ger. or Sw. G/zif/, with
the Greenshank, in connexion with which latter bird the name survives
p. 41).

modern zoology.

in

Arist.

H. A.

16,

ix.

v. eXa4>is.

s.

bird.

616 b

c^avi^v e;^ei ayaOijv, Koi to ;^pcofta koXos, kui

ro fl8os fvTTpenrjS.

^LOfiijxavos, Koi

yap

Vide

An unknown

rNA'4>AA0I.

(^a'ivTai iv Tois

fio/ceZ

oiKeiois tottois.

fj.rj

6'

^evLKus opvLS'

eivai

oXiyaKis

Gesner suggests the Bohemian Waxwing, Ampelis gatrulus, L.,

which however has not rr^v (j)(opi)v uyaBl^v, nor is there any evidence
of the Waxwing reaching Greece.
Probably the foreign name of
a foreign bird.
roiNE'EI"

ro'AMIZ*

^fip, TO opvfov,

ro'PTYE"

rPA'mi"

Hes}'ch.

Kopa/cey,

Quasi foprv^.

Hesych.

upvfov,

Schneider in Arist. H. A.

rPAY'KAAOI"
rPY

riAl'

opvcs Te(f)p6s,

rPYnAl'ETOZ.

TYTHI.

Perhaps akin

viii. 5.

Opavnis:

cf.

J.

G.

Cf. KauKaXias.

ol be

yvnai,

Hcsych.

Ar. Ran. 929.

fabulous bird.

fabulous bird

to

590.

4, p.

Hesych.

twv yvnaV

veoacTLal

cil

for [fjords, q.v,

Hesych.

opTv^, Hes}-ch.
elSoi

Perhaps

supposed

to

be connected with Lith. gu/a,

guzu/ys, a Stork.

Dion.

De

Avib.

BoKO)!/, OS Toiis
ei

Tif

ciTTOTep-oi

xuXko) aai (pnyelv

avrov Ta^f^s Aucrei

rY^^i'.

tijv

Vultvire.

<J>i]i'T).

]\Iod.

Frequent

16 yvyijs opvis

ii.

icrrlv,

bpveis iv vvkt\ KaTHidUi tqvs

in

Gk.

5oir;

tw

dvalBoav del koX abeiv toito

dfj.(piliiovs.
piyTrco

Tqv (Kflvov yXaxraap

\n\ovvTi

TratSi'o),

See also

deros,

aiyuTriog,

t'cpros,

irepKi'oirTepos,

opveov, nyiovna (Byzantios).

Homer, usually with the idea of feeding on

Od.

&c.

Cf.

viKpav yv^\ (ptpeiv reVoTat

Ov. Tr. vi. II, Lucret. iv. 680,
Used metaphorically, Eur. Andr. 75.

Sil.

Ital.

237,

aipaTuevTa
yv\//-i

xi.

162, xvi. 836, xxii. 42

(rQ)p.aTa

doivaTTjpiov.

carrion,

Eur. Tr. 595

Eur. Rh, 515 TTereivoli

xxii. 30,

II. iv.

ndvToos

cnunn]v.

iii.

396, &c.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

4H
rV*

{coiitimied).

H. A. vi.
H. Mirab. 42 (48),
Arist.

cf.

(TocpiaToxi TTarrjp

TOVTO T

TO

Xyci)i/

a.<o\ov6ovvT fs

dye\as yvnaiv toIs

yvnas

46, Basil.

ii.

Vultures divine beforehand the place of battle,

(6) 7

oi

Plaut. True.

Arist.

1.

yvnfs

(cf.

fV (obv

r]

On

C.

TO

3. 16,

ii.

6' e'cTTt

i.

1 1

Cf.

cf Ael.

ii.

Martial, Ep. 62,

;^aXe7r6i' p^iv

Plin. x. 7).

I8f'ii',

H. A.

6 Bpvcriovos

Griffon

How

av

rjp.epa>v

the

enTa in

46; Umbricius ap. Plin.

x.

6.

anTai S

ix. 11,

irpo

T]P-'i-Vy

ttoXXoI

viii '/Sots

&C.

on

the

[as

Hexaem.

Trnpenop-fvas

(TTpaTOTredois

nvTov irapayivofxevui, Horap.

HpoSwpoy

irepai y^r, dtrfKov

a(ji

aTpanvpnaiv

To'is

Ael.

cf.

8u\ tovto koi

impaKe yvnos veoTTiau, k(u

OTi ov8i\s

Vulture did at Sebastopol],

fjivplai

K(i\

flvai roiii

cfyrjalp

(Trjfj.el.ov,

(^alvovrai

e^alcjivrjs

563 viOTTivn eVl nirpais aTrpoa^drnis (also Antig.

Aesch. Suppl. 796 Kpefias yvmas Trerpa)' 810 cnraviov

yvnos k(U veorrovi.

I8elv veoTTiHV

Tov

5,

615,

op-uis,

which

t'iktovcti be

latter

8vo

wa

passage has

8vo TO TrXelora.

the mythical generation of vultures,

how

they are

all

females,

are impregnated by the East wind, lay no eggs, and bring forth their
alive and feathered, see Ael. ii. 46, Arist. De Mirab. (60) 835 a, i,
Horap. i. li, Dion. De Avib.
5, Phile, De An. Pr. 121, Plut. Ouaest.
de Us. Rom. 93 (Mor. 286 A, B), Ammian. Marcell. xvii, Tzetz. Chil.
xii. 439, Euseb. Pr. Ev. iii. 12, and innumerable other references in
Patristic literature. On the mythical genealogy of the vultures, see also
These are Egyptian myths.
Vtiltur
s. vv. dcTos,
dXidcTOs, 4)iivT].

young

i.

was sacred

fiilviis

12;

II,

appr]v ev toi'tco

Maut, the Goddess of Maternity, cf. Deut. xxxii.

11 prjTepn be ypd(f)ovTes yvmi (coyparpoicn, eneidf)
Tmv (cftov ovx vTrapx^i- Hence also the obstetrical

to

cf Horap.

i.

tm yevei

value of a Vulture's feather, Plin. xxv. (14) 44. The Common Egyptian
Vulture or Pharaoh's Hen, Neophron percnopterus, was sacred to Isis,
cf.

Ael. X. 22 KlyvTTTioi he "Hpas pev lepov opviv elvai TcenLCTTevKncrL tov yviva,

Korrpovcri 8e ttjv Tr]s"lGi8os Ke(pa\i)v

always feminine.
bird

among

On

yvnbs

The Vulture being

the Jews

In Horapollo,

TTTepols,

sacred

in

-yi'-v/^

is

Egypt, was an unclean

cf. eTroiJ/.

the (^iXooTopyt'a of the Vultures, cf Od. xvi. 216, Aesch. Ag. 49,
cf.
Q. Rom., Mor. 2S6 A, B, 0pp. Hal. i. 723
aiyuTrids.

Plut.

The Vulture is stated to feed

a myth afterwards transferred
Pisidas, 1064

(cit,

Leemans)

its

young with

to the Pelican

its

own

Horap.

flesh or blood,
i.

11,

cf Georg.

tov prjpbv eKTepovTts, TjpaTcopevois TdXnKTos

C<^nvpov(n to IBpe(f)r}.
On the connexion between the Vulture
and the Pelican, see s.v. Paii]0. The stories of the Vulture's tenderness
and affection coincide with the resemblance between the Hebrew words
Dni compassion, and Dn"l a vulture (Boch. Hieroz. ii. 803, &c.).

oXkoIs

How
Ael.
Ael.

i.

a Vulture's feather,

45, Plin. xxix. (4) 24.

vi.

46.

How

if

burnt, drives serpents from their holes,

How

the odour of

the pomegranate is fatal to vultures,

myrrh is fatal to Vultures, Ar. De


TYvf

49

rY4> .^continued).

Mirab. (147) 845

De

Theophr.

De

35, Ael.

a,

iii.

18,

iv.

7,

Geopon.

Clem. Alex. Paedag.

C. PI. vi. 4,

ii.

xiii.

xiv.

16,

26,

and why, Dion.

Doves do not fear the Vulture, Ael. v. 50; the hawk is

ii. 42,
Most of the above mythical attributes of the
Vulture are summed up by Phile, c. iii De Vulture.
The stories of Prometheus and Tityus, Od. xi. 577 Aen. vi. 595
Avib.

hostile to

5.

i.

Ael.

it,

Lucret.

997

iii.

Ov. Met.

456

iv.

Val. Fl. Argon,

See

357, &c.

vii.

also s.v, dcTos.

How

the Persians exposed their dead to the Vultures, Herod,

Ael.

Cf.

22 Bnp/catot

X.

BaKKaloi,

(s.

noXffMcp Tuv ^iov KarnaTpe-yj/avras

nenicTTevKOTes

The augury

Ital.

Sil.

(cf.

of

Romulus,

Cass. xvi. 46, Dion. Hal.

Augustus, Sueton. Aug.

Plut.

i.

c.

xiii.

470).

Romulus

The prophecy

the vultures of Romulus, as to the duration of

The Vulture

Rom.

Quest.

ix,

p. 7^, Ael. x. 22, Liv. Hist.

95.

i.

Dio

93,

7,

&c.

of

drawn from

of Vettius,

Rome, Censorin.

sacred to Hercules, Plut. Mor. 286 A;

is

140.

i.

Staph.) roiy iv

nf)o(iiiX\ov(nv, lepov to ^(oov eiVnt

yu\//'l

340,

iii.

Wvo^,

'Xcnravias

xiv.

associated

is

The Vulture and Scarab together, according

and position, represented Neith or Phtha, y\.thene or
Hephaestus, Horap. i. 12 cf. Creuzer, Symb. iii. 338, and Lauth op. cit.

with Pallas, Eur. Tr. 594.

to their order

In the system of Egyptian hieroglyphics the Vulture and the Beetle

are associated or contrasted with one another.

upon certain statements made by Greek

is

as

devoid of females (Ael.

x. 15)

as the Vulture

is

the Vulture, by the odour of myrrh (Ael.

is

1215);
(Arist.

shares with the 'Eagle' the

it

H. A.

viii.

17, 601).

Vulture-myths and

many

for

This relation bears

The

writers.

i.

38,

Kd<'dciijns,

it is

killed,

46, Phile 120,

vi.

the renewal of youth

gift of

For further

beetle,

of males

Egyptian

details concerning

references to other sources of information,

and for the connexion between

and the phonetic value of the VultureLauth, Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 1876, pp. 81-83.

see Horap. ed. Leemans, pp. 171-191

the statements of Horapollo

symbol, see

A
els

fabled metamorphosis, Boios ap. Ant. Lib. 21" Ay pios 5e pureiiaXiv

yvna, TravTrnv opinduiv '4x6icrTOV deals re Knl dvdpanrois.

medicinal application, Dioscor.

ii.

cap.

De

anodvpiaOel.aa ep[Spva eKTivdaaeiv napaSedoTai

made by

the

stercore

(a

yvnos

iicfyoBos

Statement frequently

Arab Doctors, Bochart). For other medicinal uses of the

and feathers, see Plin. xxix. (4) 24, (6j 38, Galen

vulture's liver, heart,

Sext. Platon.

iv. 8,

Proverbs.
Suid.

yi^x//'

Quint. Seren.

2,

yvnos

(TKtd'

the proverb

may

coming events,
supra;

ii.

cf.

also

in

tt\

twv

refer,

c.

47, &c.

p.r]bevos

Xoyov

a^icov

allusion to the Vulture's fabled

Erasm.

dr^hdvas jjup-rjaairo,

(cf.

oVou

crKid),

on the other hand, to the shadow of

prescience (vide

in Proverbiis s.v. viiltujis itnibra).

Luc. Pisc. ^y.

ddrTov av

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

50
rY^* {continued).

yv^

In Arist. H. A.

a generic word for Vulture.

like alyvinos,

is,

592 b, two species are distinguished,

viii. 3,

6 8e fj.fi(ap Kai aTToSofidfa-repos.

o fiev fxiKpos xni eKX^vKorepos,

Four vultures occur

in Greece,

Gypaehis

barbatua, the Lammergeier, Viiltur fulvus, the Griffon Vulture, V. cine-

the Black

ret(s,

and Neophron percnopterus.

or Cinereous Vulture,

among

Sundevall and others have tried to apportion

names
But

think

The

and

black

e. g.

Neophron

-yur//-.

meant

is

that the larger darker sort includes the other

true Vultures were usually spoken of as dark-coloured or

vulturum praevalent

Plin. x. 6

poena

vulturis atri

xiii

these four the

mentioned of

varieties

certain that here the small white

it

as the one variety,

three.

and the two

TrepKvoTTTepos,

(\)i]vr],

nigri, cf. Phile 130

Juv. Sat.
Senec. in Thyeste, visceribus atras pascit
;

effossis aves.

rn'4'.

Macedonian name

Jackdaw

for the

Hesych.

/coXoioj,

to aypia opviQapia, Hesych.

AA'KIA'

An unknown

AAKNI'Z, Hesych.

Also

bird.

devincire

soliti sunt,

Festus: Dagnades
potandum cuni coronis

SoKj/a?,

sunt avium genus, quas Aegyptii inter

quae vellicando morsicandoque

et

canturiendo

assidue non patiuntur dormire potantes.

AA'NAAAOI*

AEI'PHZ.
ix.

392

Al'rHPEI-

bird

less

name

for the

also
'

Hcsych.

Sparrow

Nicander ap. Athen.

in Elis.

a.

Hesych,

(TTpovdol,

Al'KAIPON,
'

6 epidaKOs, to opvtov,

Cf. SpTJyes.

(Ael.

SiKatov

iv.

41)

= Arab,

death like sleep;

Anim. Propr. 33

Ctesias

(32), v. 761.

zikanon.

313, Ael.

p.

The

'bird'

Scarabaeiis sacer, L., Arab. zikano7i

An

Indian

whose dung causes a pain-

as large as a Partridge's tg^,

the

was
'

41, Phile,

iv.

the

dung

'

De

Dung-beetle,

was probably

confounded with charas, a resinous preparation of Indian hemp.

Vide Valentine
R.

I.

AI'KTYI-

Acad.
6

(2)

i/cTii/of,

Ball,

Indian Antiq.

iiTto

Aanavrnv,

Hesych.

than doubiful as a bird-name, and

by Herod,
APAKONTI'Z.
nine

iv.

xiv. p. 310,

1885; also Proc.

ii.

is

cf. Ikt'is.

The word

is

more

applied to a Libyan animal

192.

An unknown

Emathidae,

or fabulous bird, into which one of the

daughters of

Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib. Met.

c.

Pierus,
9.

was

metamorphosed;

rY^ APYOKOAAHTHI
APEnANl'Z, from bpinavov,

i.e.

H. A.

Arist.

KaKOTTOvs.

I,

i.

487

b.

Also

sickle-wing.'

'

51

bird similar to airovs

dpairavU, Hes}'ch.

and

evnrfpos,

;^eXi8&)j/,

Sparai Kal uXia-KeTac orau vai] tov Bepovs' oXtoj 8e kui CTTnivinv

icFTl,

Probably the larger Alpine Swift,

Common Swift, C.
On the other hand,

Cypsclus melha, L., and also

perhaps the

apus, both conspicuously

winged.'

Aub. and

Bochart

ii.

Martin

v. K^^^/^fXo?.

The

brief

and

that

62,

Gaza and

as

well

as

Wimm.

Cf. Plin. x. (33) 49, xi.

is

telling

favour

in

of a

also

47 (107), xxx. {4) 12.

comparatively scarce,

period of residence in the country

its

circumstances

sickle-

'

m,

say the Sand-

Scaliger,

account indicates that the bird

p.

Swift

short

is

as

both

against

the

Sand-lNIartin.

by Hesychius.

Speirai/is is translated Keyxpis

APH'[r]EI-

arpnvdoi,

Cf. 8eipi]5,

APIKH'AI'

opvea

APYOKOAA'riTHI.
dpvKoXaylr

Cf. Sk.

Also

Also

8pi^.

8pvr]Kn\a7TTr]s,

(Hesych.),

SpvnKoTTos

a-Tpov66s,

(TKvnTav iviKiv,

593, vide

viii. 3,

IV

KOTrrei 8e

De

Part.

iii.

662

i,

b).

s. v.

TOVTOvs yap ipirrjyvvs TTopeverai.

;^et

S'

also

full

and

o-kcoXtjkcov kui
rfj

yXatTTrj'

TTopfverai inl To7i dei'8p(n raxicos ncivTa

Kcii

e;^et

KoXoioov TTf^uKora? Trpos rrjv diKpdXeirtv Trjs

KOTTvcfiov,

lb. ix. 9, 614,

irnrw.

ras 8pvs 6 SpvoKoXdnrris tmv

rpoTTOv, Koi VTTTios KadaTTfp 01 aaKaXa0S)rai.

TXaTTOv TOV

See

IMuhle).

(v. d.

Tnirco.

auaXiyeTai yap i^eXdovras avToi's

e^iaxjiv.

nXaTelav h exfi Knl peyaXrjv.

etrrt

de Kai tovs ovvxas /SeXri'ovf

iiri

rois devSpeaii/ etpeSpeias'

Se Ta>v bpvoKoXaiTTUiV ev pev yeuos

vnepvBpn piupa, erepov 8e yevos pelCov

ij

TO Ss TpiTov yivos avTcov ov TToXXcp eXaTTov ecTTiv dXeKTopiSos

KOTTVcpos'

veoTTevei

6t]Xflas.

Lob.

ap. Cyrill.,

(Ar. Av. 480, 979),

dpvKoXciTTTrjs

(Arist.

IMod. Gk. ^i^ihapa

KcXeos, ireXeKai/,

iTTfT),

accurate description

Tav

h'lpriya.

darvdghdla (Keller).

H. A.

Arist.

and

diyr^pis

Cf. SpTiycs, &c.

Woodpecker.
Spuoij/,

Also

q. v.

Hcsych.

ttou'i,

Parall. p. 102.

Hesvch.

MaKe'dovfs,

SpiKi^ai,

eVl rSiv devSpcov,

iv liXXois re

twv oevBpau

Kai

eu

dpvy^aXov

els

paypfjv ^vXov ivBeU,

onciS ivappoadev viropelveiev avTOV TrjV nXriyrjv, iv

tj}

TpiTj] TrXrjyii 8ieK0\j/(

eXaiais

Kal Tidarraevopevos 8e ris

rj8r]

Ka\ KaTTjo-dif TO paXaKov.

Cf. Arist.

of the woodpecker, Arist.

De

Part.

De
iii.

Mirab.
i,

662

13,

831b: the hard

bill

b.

Four well-defined species occur in Greece, (a) the Great Black

Woodpecker, Fi'cus JLir/i'us, which evidently answers to the last and
largest variety mentioned above
(o) the Green ^^'oodpecker, F. viridis^
;

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

52

APYOKOAAnTHI

{continued).

(f, d) the Greater and Lesser Spotted

Woodpeckers, P. tnajor and fiimor.
The Green Woodpecker is
described under the name (ceXeoy, and accordingly Sundevall and
others make the remaining two of the three Aristotelian varieties
to be the Greater and Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers respectively.
But as P. viridis^ whether it had another name or not, would certainly

with

be

close ally, P. catties

its

classed as SpuoKoXuTrrr;?,

still

it

better to take

is

as the middle-

it

and Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers as

uniting the Greater

sized sort,

the last and least variety.

The Woodpecker

not in Greek, as

is

it is

in Latin

Ov. Met.

(e. g.

xiv.

Q. Rom. xxi.
268 F, Romulus iv; Aug. Civ. Dei, xiii. 15), a bird of great mythological
importance, though the Dryopes were probably, like the descendants of
Picus, a Woodpecker-tribe.
It figures in the oriental Samir-legend

321, F.

(vide

yj, 54, Virg.

iii.

s. V.

Aen.

45 as making its nest in a tree, and, by

removing a stone with which one shall have

in Ael.

eTToij*)

191, Plin. x. 18 (20), Plut.

vii.

i.

virtue of a certain herb,

blocked up the entrance;

Dion. De Avib. i. 14; and

cf.
is

Plin. x. (18) 20, xxv. 5; Plut. p. 269;

accordingly spoken of as a rival power

See
Cf. Alb. Magnus, De Mirab. 1601, p. 225.
Myths of the Middle Ages, p. 397. The Woodpecker
and the Hoopoe come into relation also in the version of the Tereusmyth given by Boios ap. Anton. Lib. Met. 11, where the brother of
Aedon is transformed into the bird 'l-no-^, and her husband into neXeicai',
to

in Ar.

e7ro\|/-

Av. 480.

also Baring-Gould,

A Woodpecker = 8pvoKoXd7TTr]s,

APY'04'.

AY'riTHZ.

Etym.

diving

with

aWvia

evioi

(q. v.),

Knvr]Kfs.

I\L

Callim. 167, ap.

Arat. 914?

S. V.

ii.

Etym. M.

hv-nrai r i^ aXos ipx^p-^voi

Lye.

epojSios.

AppHcd

bvTTTov KeXcopos.

0pp. Hal.

identical

bird,

Ar. Av. 304.

to

and possibly

436,

"J^i

oTeVco

cre, Trtirpa,

with which

Kai Tacf)ovs

cf.

ArXavrlSos,

a professional diver or sponge-fisher in

also, therefore, in the

preceding reference.

Cf. apvVTr\p.

An unknown

AYJrNOI.

EI'AAAI'I, also iSdX/y.

"EAAIOI

j-.

cXaidg.

water-bird.

De

Avib.

to Alex.

Mynd.

a kind of alyidaXos or titmouse, called by

TTipias),

Pal.

(TVKaWs 8' [oTi aXio'KeTai] orav aKpd^y] ra

vii.

199

ed.

Mackail

many Warblers which

olivctorinn,

pp. 88-92).

Strickl,

13,

iii.

ap. Atben.

ii.

ii.

24.

Hesych.

opvis noios,

According

Dion.

xi.

13

(^/X'

eXme.

some
crvKii.

irvppias

65

(MS.

Conj. in Anlh.

Probably one of the

frequent the olive-gardens, e.g. Salicaria

and

6".

elaci'ca,

Linderm.

(v.

Lindermayer,

APYOKOAAnXHI

= IktIvot,

"EAANOZ

An unknown

'EAA<t>l'l.

De

Dion.

53

Hesych.

An unknown

'EAAIA'Z.

EAflPIOI

Avib.

water-bird.

II

ii.

Av. 886.

bird, Ar.

e\a(j)\s

opi-eov

iari

vaiTois eXa0coj/ exof ioiKora dju^i, Koi Tpecjierai

TO.

em

Trrepa Travra

Kara tovs ;(epcratous

T(hs

'Ivyyai,

yKuicrcTnv prjKiaTrjv ovcrav uiantp opfiiav els to vduip eVt ttoXv Kadie'iara,

Ti]U

The

K.r.X.

on the back suggest,

hair-like feathers

A gem

or Egret.

in the British

with the antlers of a Stag

v.

Museum

if

anything, a Heron

represents a

Torr, Rhodes,

pi.

Heron or Stork,

Imhoof-Bl. and K.,

I,

pi. xxvi. 59.

MSS. have

'EAE'A.
s.

also eXaia, (qy.

eXeds Ar. Av. 302,

cXe'as,

s.

= eXeia

Hesych.

Sundev.), eXeia Callim.

Cf. eXatos.

small bird, probably the Reed- Warbler, Salicaria anmdinacea,

Selby, and allied species.

H, A.

Arist.

ix.

xeipavos 8

CTKia,

616 b

16,

opvis el^ioros, Kadi^ei Bepovs pev ev npocrrjvepco koi

ev eirjXia, Koi iniaKeTvel. tnl tS>u Soj/ukcoc nepl tu eXrj'

eari 8e to pev piyeQog jBpnxvs,

(pcovrjv S' e;(fi ayadijP.

may

bird.

may not be

or

piKpai',

the

same

dyadov.

(f)a>vij

The Reed-Warbler

common
'EAEIO'I'

In Ar. Av. 302 eXeds

Cailim. ap. Schol. Ar. Av. 302 eXem

in all

is a permanent resident
marshy places (Kriiper, &c.).

in

Greece, and

common
and W.
p.
ii.

reading

'EAEO'I.

ix.

36,

and

I,

Xeloi writes eVt S' eXetoi ol Kai (ppvvoXoyoi.

Vide

s. v.

Cf.

for

A.

cTriXeios.

kind of Owl.

H. A.

Arist.
alydiXios

264.

very

Hesych.

eiSoi UpaKos,

Sch. conjectures eXeios pahistris in Arist. H. A.

the

is

and

viii.

CTKcoyjr

592 b; mentioned with, and said to resemble.

3,

pei^tov dXeKTpvovos, 6>]pevti tus KiTTas.

ix.

I,

609 b

Kpe^ eXecS nnXepios (alternative readings, KoXea, yoXea).

The

size

which

is

accords with that of the

common

Greece and

in

other classical name.

owl's cry,
s.

eXeios

cf.

in the context,

and

&c.,

also

Lat.

Sy7-)iiui)i A/iico, L..

not definitely ascribed to any

Scaliger so identifies

eXeXev,

= palustris,

Tawny Owl,
is

iilula.

it,

taking

eX6()y

from the

Sundevall reads

eXeo's-

supporting this view by the mention of Crex

identifies the bird with

Strix hrachyotus,

L., the

Short-eared or Marsh Owl.

But both etymological suggestions are

more than doubtful, and neither Tawny nor Short-eared Owl drjpevei
rai KiTTas.
'EAi'PIOI.

Artemidor.

Clearch. ap. Athen.

epoBiOS

iii.

65, Zonar.

c.

684.

water-bird, similar to Kpe^ {verb. dub.).

viii.

numbered among

332

(Casaubon), where later editors read

tovs opviOas tovs TrnpevdiaaTas KuXovpevovs.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

54
'ENGY'IKOZ"EniZA"

6 da({)al^6s, to opveov,

Kvupim, Plesych.

opi'ea,

An unknown

'EniAAl'*!.

small bird.

H. A. viii. 3, 592 b opvis

Piccolos and others read vTrnXais,

em'Xeos.

s.

conj. Salmas.)

(o"n-i^ia,

Arist.

'EniAEfOZ,

HeSVch.

Sylburge, Schneider,

crK(i)'KT]Ko(pdyos.

q. v.

bird of prey, perhaps the Blizzard, Bu/eo

vulgaris, Bechst.

9 epileum Graeci vocant qui solus omni tempore

hieme abeunt (vide s. v. alcxaXwv). This passage,
following on a reference to Bideo, and stating a fact recorded by
Plin.

H. N.

X.

apparet,

caeteri

Aristotle

of

(q.v.),

rpiap-^^jqi

suggests

that

Perhaps connected with, or a mere variant

Aristotele alycoXuk,

Nofe.

We

H.

Thesaur. App.

St.

have above (eXaios,

a succession of bird-names

all

three

Aftoy or

Ambiguum

eiSoy opviov vvKTepivnv, Suid.

'Eno'AIOI.

all

of,

p.

identical.

an

quod ab

ilhid,

942 E.

eXeos,

eXea

are

AeZo?, q. v.

emXais,

ciriXeios)

very similar, whose meaning and deri-

vation are alike obscure.

The Hoopoe, Upupa

"EnOvj/.

opveov

tncoTra,

Mod. Gk.

and

Hesych. has also

L.

epops,

aXiKTpvova ciypiov

en-oTrof,

also dnncfios.

rCaXoTTeTfLvos or To-aXoneTeivos (Erhard, Heldreich), dypio-

on Mt. Taj^getus, Heldr.), dypioKOKopa^

onomatopoeic, like upupa, but is very
probably based on an Egyptian solar name, "Attotti?, 'HX/ou nScX^oj,
with which cf."E7ra0o? Herod, ii. 153, iS:c., &c.; also
Plut. De Is. xxxvi
the form oTracpos preserved in
"Enicpi, Plut. Is. et Os. lii. p. 372 B
KOKopos (Boch., Jonston
(v. d.

Miihle).

eTro\j/

is,

still

in form,

Hesychius is identical with the name used by the Syriac Physiologist.

For fanciful derivation see Aesch. fr. 305 enoylA eTronTrjs tojv avTov kukcov
See also s. vv. Kounou^a, ttouttos.
cf. Hesych. s. v.
:

First

mentioned by Epicharm. ap. Athen.

ix.

391

(fr.

116,

Ahrens)

aKOiTvas enoTras yXaiiKai.

Arist.

H. A. i. 4S8 b opvis opeto?, cf. ix. 11. 615 a (vide

343 for similar interpretation of Heb. or Arab, dukiphat,
duk kepha, galhis uwntanus). H. A. ix. 15,616 b oi'/c 'iyii tPjs yXwTTrjs to
Description.

Boch. Hier.

6^v, vide
X.

236.

s.

ii.

p.

vv. dT]8wi',

Pausan.

peyeOos pen oXiyov

a-xrjpa e^yjpTai.

in

fj,eXaYKopu<})os

4 o ^f

((TtIv

Cf. Ar.

(ttoxJ/

cf Giebel, Z. f ges. Naturw.

es ov e;^ei Xo-yo?

imep oprvya, fVt

rf]

tov Trjpen dXXayi]vai,

KfCpnXrj 8e 01 tu TTTepa es X6(f)ov

Av. 94, 99, 279; Ovid, Metam. vi. 671 cui stant
immodicum pro longo cuspide rostrum,

vertice cristae, Prominet

Plin. X. (65) 36

De

x.

An. 712.

cum fetum eduxere

abeunt.

Is destructive to bees, Phil.

EN0YZKOI

EnO*

EnO*

55

{coutinucd).

The

cry represented,

Ar. Av. 227, &C. Vv.

though incorporated in the same speech, are
evidently from the nightingale and other birds behind the scenes
237, 243, 260

no

KiKKal^av, V. 261,

Nest.

iiT07ro7roTroTrononoTro7ro7ro7,

Tiu &.C.,

the owl's hoot.

is

Arist. H. A.
559 a fiovos ol Troielrai vcottuiv to>v Kad' eavTu
dW elvdvoufpos ra areXex'] ff toi? koIXois avTosv TiKrei,
vi.

i,

vfOTrevoi/Tap,

els

ovbev (TVfxfpopovfXfpns.

lb. ix.

5,

6l6b

VfOTTiav Troietrat (< r^j dvdpconivrjs

According to Hel4reich (p. 38) the Hoopoe is a spring and

autumn migrant through Greece, but does not now breed there it
however seems to breed in Macedonia and perhaps in Epirus (Kriiperj.
KOTTpov.

The

story of the nest eV Konpov

civdpcoTrivrjs (also in Ael. H. A. iii. 26)

from the Hoopoe's habit of seeking its insect food among
dung (avis obscoeno pastu, Plin. H. N. x. 29 cf. Fr. coq puant, Germ.
Kothhahn, Stinkhahn, Mistvogel, &c.), and (2) from the nest having
an evil smell from the accumulation within of excrement, and perhaps

arises (i)

also from a peculiar secretion of the birds (see for

Aub. and Wimm. i. p. 91).

Myth and Legend. The Tereus-myth

Aesch.

XeXiScoi')

from the

lost

H. A.

(see also

scientific references,

s.

v. aTjSwc,

dXiaeros,

49 B, 633 a (more probably

Sophoclean tragedy of Tereus, cf. Schol. Ar. Av. 284,
fr.

297, in Arist.

Welcker, Gr. Trag.

i.

3S4) to^tov

5'

ix.

enoTrrrjv

enona twv ainov KaKcov

|

TreTTOtKtXcoKf KdnodrjXaKra^ e;(6t

fxev (f)avevTi

ix.

15,

617

diandWei
a,

irTcpov

Phaedo

KipKov Xendpyov'

and 49 B, 633 a

Xeip-Sivo^, Plin. X. (30) 44.

Plat.

dpaavv nerpalov opviv fv navTevxia'

p.

86

ti)v

With

(fiaal 8ia

k. t.

X.

Cf. Arist.

ISeav ^eraiSdXXet tov

the phrase

Xvnrjv adeip

fnoTTTrju tu>v

depovs

os

H. A.
Kcii

avrov KaKo^v,

also Ach. Tat. v.

rjpi

tov
cf.

5 6 Trjpevs

en tov nddovs rrjv fiKova. In the use of the

word eTTOTTTrjs, we have not merely a fanciful derivation of eVox//-, but also
an allusion to the mysteries.
oppii yivfTai' Koi Trjpovai

In this very obscure story we have frequent indications of confusion

between Hoopoe and Cuckoo, and the 'metamorphosis' is in part
connected with the resemblance between the Cuckoo and the Hawk
cf Arist. vi. 7, Theophr. H. PI. ii. 6, Geopon. xv. i, 22, Plin. H. N.
X. 8, II.
See also Lenz, Zool. d. Gr. u. R. p. 318. For the relations
between Hoopoe and Cuckoo, der Kuckuk und sein Kiister, v. Grimm,
D. M. p. 646, Grohmann, Aberglaube aus Bohmen, Leipzig, 1864,
On the metamorphosis of the Cuckoo into a Hawk in
p. 68, &c.
English and German Folk-lore, see Swainson, Provincial Names of
;

British Birds, p. 113.

How
i.

Hoopoe first appeared at Tereus' tomb in Megara, Paus.

The Tereus-myth also in Aesch. Suppl. 60, ApoUod. iii. 14,

the

41, 9.

Ach. Tat.

V. 5,

Ovid, Metam.

vi,

&c.

';

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

56
EFlO^l' {continued).

On

and the mythology of the Hoopoe in general,

Der Wiedehopf in d. gr. Sage, Rhein. Mus.

the Tereus-myth,

see in particular E. Oder,

(N.

F.), xliii. pp.

541-556, 1888.

249, Hor. Sat.

xviii.

De An.

Phil.

Ael. H. A.
i.

Horap.

weather-prophet,

TToXXa Kpd^D, evoLviav

i.

8e

(pdiais

rols

remedy

when

Horap.

injured,

deros)

(cf.

93

ii.

dopKaScov areap

no\ln

lb. 724, uses iiypaiaTLs as a

35 places d^iavrov or KaWtrpixop

heals itself

tov Knlpov rwv apneKoDv

Trp6

The same of the Cuckoo, Plin. H. N.

With ep. al'crios', Anton. Lib. xi.

7, 30.

Pr. 667

46).

vi.

92 iav

ii.

(TTjpnlvei.

3-s

(also

Ael.

(cf KopuSos).

an amulet

in its nest or

also written dniavTou,

Geopon.

same

dblavTOp)

XV. 1,19.

How

Hoopoe by means of a

the

liberates

same story

certain herb (the

Ar. Av. 654, 655. The

18 (20), vide s. v. SpuoKoXdTmqs.

imprisoned young, Ael.

its

of Picus, Plin.

H. N.

iii.

x.

26,

cf.

a version of the well-known Samir-legend (the open Sesame

of the Forty Thieves), and is told also of the Hoopoe in connexion

This

'

is

with Solomon (Boch. Hieroz.

col.

2455

Nr. 265.
tered
also

ii.

See also Buxdorf, Lex. Talmud,

347).

on similar German superstitions see Meier, Schwab. Sagen,

On Indian versions of the story of the Hoopoe which shel-

Solomon from the

sun, see

W.

F. Sinclair, Ind. Antiquary, 1874.

1873, p. 229, Curzon's Monast. of the Levant,

ib.

head (vide

KopuSos)

s. v.

is

see Lassen, Ind. Alterth. 2nd ed.

that the

eVox//' 'Ij/Siko?

i.

5,

The statement

p. 304.

SinXdaiop tov nap'

is

The

c. xii. Sec.

which buried its father in its

probably connected with the same legend

story of the Indian Hoopoe, Ael. xvi.

(Ael. I.e.)

koX wpaidrepov I8eiv, is

rjiuv,

purely fabulous.
of

affection

Filial

the

Hoopoe, Ael.

The Hoopoe on coins

Eckhel, Doctr. numm. vi. 531,

Numm.
The

Eg. Imp.

pi. x. i,

evil smell of the

x.

vide

16,

v.

s.

of Antoninus as a symbol of

TreXapyos.

Creuzer, Symbolik,

Seguin. Scl.

Hoopoe

Numism.

ii.

KOUKOu<{>a,
filial

p. 64,

love,

Zoega,

p. 152.

suggests a connexion with Pitumnus

Pilumnus and Pitumnus or Sterculinius Serv. Aen. ix. 4

dii
horum Pitumnus usum stercorandorum invenit
agrorum, Oder, op. c. p. 556 cf. Jordan-Preller, Rom. Myth. i. 375.
in the story of

fratres

fuerunt

The Hoopoe was a

Arabs
crest

it

(cf.

Creuzer,

was a

solar

sacred bird in Egypt, as

I.e.,

Denon

emblem, and

relation with KipKos, the sacred

pecker, with

its

manner a

it

it

in part as

is

hawk

red or golden crest

is among the
From its rayed

still

119, 8, &.C., &c.).

pi.

comes into
The wood394) becomes in

such that

it

of the solar Apollo.

(cf.

Ov. Met.

xiv.

emblem, and there is a curious parallel in the connexion between Ci'rce and the metamorphosis of Picus. As a solar
emblem also, the Hoopoe figures in the version of the Phoenix-myth
like

solar

EnO*

EPMAKON

57

EnOv|/ {contiiiiteJ).
in Ael. xvi. 5.
To a like source is traceable the Samir-Iegend, and
possibly also the obscure origin of the Tereus-myth. From its sanctity

Egypt

in

Deut. xiv.

became an unclean bird among the Jews, Lev.

it

18,

where

its

name

02^311 diUciphat

Lapwing, as being the crested

most familiar (cf. Newton, Diet,

(cf.

KouKou<j)a)

is

xi.

19,

rendered

bird \\\W\ which the translators were

of I]irds, p. 505).

In the Birds of Aristophanes

we have many veiled allusions to the

The confusion Avith kokkv^ (vide s. v.

mythology of the Hoopoe.

KouKou'(j)a)

indicated throughout

is

are frequently referred to,

203, 367, &c.

vv.

e. g.

472-476

the fables of Tereus

yap

the Hoopoe's

a reference to the Samir-legend

in vv.

r/

first

ipr^v arjbova,

cry, liuoiji rqv vXtjv, v.

v.

symbolism of dpvoxoXunTrjs

109,
is

a pun on

is

suggested in

rjkios

480

v.

probably hinted at

is

invitation to Peisthetairus, v. 641, that

the allied solar

and the nauseous

Hoopoe's pressincr

in the

he should enter

The Robin,

in.

Eritliacus rtihecida, L.

H. A. viii. 3, 592 b opvi^ aKaj\rjKO(f)dyos,

^dWovaiv ol ipidaKoi Kai 01 KaKovfxei/oi (poiVLKovpoi
Arist.

49 B, 632 b

ix.

dWnkwv'

i^

epiOaKos ^(eipepLvov, ol Se (poiviKovpoi Gepivol, 8La(j)epov(ri

ovdev

COS

A
peya

einelu dXX^

rrj

r)

xP9^

povov

Geopon.

xv.

weather-prophet, Arat. Phen. 1025, Theophr.

(rrjpa Kai opx^iXos Koi (pidevs,

1522 b ipWuKos

TO.

e's

munetic

Abst.

iii.

i.

/xera8' 6

'icm

S'

dXXrjXcov

^^ft/ucoi/of

22.
vi. 3,

fr.

8vvu>v es KoiXcis oxeds.

Arist.

avXia Kai ra oiKovpepa irapiav briXos

emhripiav d7To8idpd(rK<i>v.

is

epiOaKos (Arist., Ael.), cpiGeu's (Arat., Theophr.), epifloXog

(Schol. ad Ar. Vesp.).

p.ev

93,

reputation of the nest

s.

and Procne

ttjv

the kindred fable of Kopv86s appears

the mysterious root in v. 654 is the magical d^iavrov

the mention of rfKiaaT^s,

'EPl'eAKOX,

98

avdpw-rroi, v.

ian

fr.

24 1,

^Yf/^iuvof

Cf. Ael. vii. y.

bird, pipovvrai Ka\ pepvrjvrai av av aKovcrcoariv,

4 {epiduKos here

is

either

an interpolation, or

is

Porphyr.

De

used of some

other bird).

Proverb, Schol. in Ar. Vesp. 922 (927) pia X^xpn 8vo ipidaKovsoi rpe'^ei.
eoTt 8e opviov vtto ptv tlvcou KaXovptpov epidevs, inro 8e erepcov fpidvXos,

vno

Ta>v nXeiovcxiv epidaKoi

Hesych.

Sundevall derives

Germ.

Photius.

cf.

Also

ipidevs' 6 epidaKos, to opveov,

epidaKOS' opveop popTjpes Ka\ povoTpoTTov, Suid.

Rothsteiss),

e'pidaKos

and

from

f'pvdpas,

6aKos (cf

Lusciola phoeniciiriis, L., in winter plumage

The

derivation

is

Eng.

reds/art,

identifies the bird in Arist. with the Redstart,

far-fetched,

and the

vide

identification

is

s. v.

<})oii'rKoupos.

discountenanced

by the

fact that the Redstart does not, at least in Attica, remain

through the winter (Kriiper p. 245), during which season the Robin
is as common there as with us.
See also aiaaKos, Sdi'SaXos.

^EPMAKON-

opvfov,

Hesych.

Probably by error for

ipidaKov.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

58

To/amis

Used
'EPQrA'l'

f'pcoSto'y,

'EPnAIO'Z

calidris,

L.,

(pwSio'f,

Hesych.

Hippon. 59,

Greece

in
v.

Etym. M.

ap.

De

Avib.

stellaris, L.,

544

13,

winter.

in

b.

Also

e'ScoXtdy,

Hesych.)

Troi/ct'Xot

ecTTiv fTtl Trjs K(f)nXris

60

6 TreXXoj, the common Heron, Ardea

A. alba and A. gazetta\ 6 aa-repias
the Bittern; Arist. H. A. ix. i, 609b
;

8 eanv avrav

ii.

Koi XevKoi, aXXoi Se

Plin. X.

6 Xev/cor, the Egret,

A. {Botaurus)

Dion.

ol p.ev

yeprj fivpia'

Koi pei^ovfS,

nXoKapos, (iXkois

5'

yap (Bpaxels

r' fieri

pea 01

8' erepoi, Kai Tols pev ovk

wanep

Tis ^6aTpv)(oi anrjaprjTai,

(79).

The above
the

H. A.

Arist.

Heron, L. ardea; etym. dub.

cinerea, L.

cf.

yiipo-^.

very doubtful word.

Various species are mentioned

Kn\.,

or else

f7ro\f/,

common

is

an epithet of 7r'Xa,

as

for

In Ar. Av. 303, usually translated Redshank, which

'EPYOPO'nOYI.
bird,

Probably

Hesych.

opvis TToios,

"EPO*!'"

identifications of

same words occur

Apoll. Rh.

176;

i.

cf.

neWos and

darepias

(q. v.)

are doubtful:

one another as proper names in

Lazarus and Steinthal's Zeitschrift, xiv.

in relation to

Pott in

p. 43-

H. A. viii. 3, 593 b nepl ras Xipvas

H. N. V, 35, X. 5 oaTpea iadUiv beivos i(TTi

Arist.

Ael.

(Mor. 967 D).

1522 a.

Its flight described, Arist.

Mentioned

also Ar. Av. 886,

Epich. 49, ap. Athen.

ix.

(?)

De

With

142.

tovs Trorapoiis ^lorevei.

kciI
;

cf.

Pint. Sol.

Anim.

Inc. 10, 710 a,

ep.

fr.

x.

241,

paKpoKaprrvXavxfvfs,

398 D.

Myth and Legend. Sent by Athene,

to Odysseus and Diomede,

Here from the nocturnal appearance
of the bird and its loud cry, Netolicka (Naturh. a. Homer p. 10) and
others suggest the Night-Heron, Ardea Nycticorax, L., which is
abundant in the Troad
cf. Hippon. 1. c. Kvecpaloi eXduiv pwSicS /carryu-

as a favourable augury,

II.

x.

274.

Xiadrjv.

In

(Zopyrus,

275 there is an alternative reading TreXXov 'AdrjvatT]

Mileto Cond. iv (Schol. Venet.), cf. Groshans, Prodr. Faun,
X.

II.

De

pp. 15, 16, Buchholz p. 119; for a discussion of important Scholia on

this passage,

and

for notes

in Arist. vol. iv. pp.

The Heron

on epwdws

45-47; vide

as a symbol of

s. v.

in general, see J.

ireXXos).

See also

G. Schneider,
s. v.

dkoiraia.

Athene on coins of Ambracia and Corinth

and K. p. 38, pi. vi).

Said also to be sacred to Aphrodite,
Etym. M. A bird of good omen, Ael. x. 37, Plut. Mor. 405 D, especially
the White Heron, Plin. xi. 37. A weather-prophet, Arat. Phaen. 913,
972, Athen. viii. 332 E (where Casaub. reads eXcopios), Ael.vii.7, Theophr.
(Imh.-Bl.

De

Sign.

Callim.

s.

i.

18,

ii.

Georg. i. 363, Lucan, v. 553, Cic. Div.

hence beloved of men, Dion. De Avib. ii. 8.

28, Virg.

V. 8uirTT]s

i.

8,

EPOvI; HEPOnOI
EPilAIOI

{(oiitinued).

Hostile to

H. A.

Arist.

yap aa Karea-dUi Koi tovs vsottovs tov

to.

iriTrco,

(oa

ix.

I,

609,

cf.

De

Ael.

iv. 5,

with

KopoiVT], Arist.

Phile,

An. 682, and to sore.v, Plin.

H. A. ix. i, 610, Ael. v. 48.

who tended

Erodius,

groom

Tj-fWov

in

into

ipcodios.

aXX'

ov)(

Boios ap. Ant. Lib. Met.

metamorphosed

opoiov'

Friendly

x. (74) 95.

was turned
and

the horses of his father Autonous,

into the bird ipcodios, his father being

the

epooSiou,

Nicand. ap. Ant. Lib. Met. 14 der&j TroXeV'or,

yap avTov, Ka\ oKcoTTfKi, (pdeipei yap avTov Trjs vvktos, Kal KOpv8co, ra
avrov KXenrei, Arist. H. A. 609 b hostile also to 6 XevKos Xapos,

apnd^fi,

yap

59

into okvos,

yap ecrnv

ijcraov

'iKavibs

tou

7.

Swallows a crab, KapKivov, as a remedy, Phile 724, or places one

its nest as a charm, Ael. i. 35, Geopon. xv. i.
Noted, Hke the

stork, for

On

and parental

filial

affection, Ael.

the painful generation of the

X.

II.

Fable of Xvkos
f^eXelv Ti]v

cf.

hence a fanciful derivation of

Vide infra, s. v. ireXXos.
274.

Plin. X. (60) 79

Eust. ad

23.

iii.

Heron

koi epcoSnl?

K.e(})aXr]v,

yepavos)

(s.

Arist.

H. A. ix. i, 609 b,
Etym. M. and

fpcoStds in

apKii aoi Ka\ to povov aiiav

'.

A fragment

Aes. Fab. 276, Babr. 94.

ipadios yap

Simonid. ap. Athen.

ey)(fXvv Maiav8pir]v Tpiop)(ov eiipcov eadiovT af^etXero,

299 C.
Deprived by Neptune of the power of swimming, and why, Dion.
De Avib. ii. 8. The Island of Diomedea, Ael. H, A. i. I KaXelrai ns
Aiopj]8fi.a vi](TOi, Ka\ epoodiovs e^ft noXXovs, and how these e/jcoSioi, once
the comrades of Diomede, give welcome to Greek visitors also Lycus
ap. Antig. Mirab. 172 (188), Anton. Lib. Met. 37, Phile, De Anim. Pr.

vii.

152.
{61).

Metam.

Cf. Ovid,

xiv. 498,

De

Cf. also S. Augustin,

Diomedea

diss.,

Aen.

xi.

271 et Sei'v. in loc, Plin.

Civ. Dei, xviii. 16,

Amstelod. (1672) 1686.

There

is

x.

44

Lachmund, De Ave
evident but obscure

connexion between the story of the birds of Diomede, and the metamorphosis above alluded to where the son of Autonous and Hippo:

dameia

killed

is

are turned into

by

his father's horses,

e'pwStoi.

and

wide-spread, and usually told of the Stork,

is
iii.

23

Modern Greek

for

and

his father

his servant

Diomede
Mynd. ap. Ael.

story similar to that of the birds of

references, see

cf.

Alex.

Marx, Gr. Marchen, 1876,

pp. 52, 55.

See also

aaiSoi', dcrTeptas, eXwpios, XeuKepwSio's, oki'os, ire'XXos.

EY'PYME'AfiNZA'PIKEI"

neroi,

Hesych.

(z'erd.

(TTideTov TreXa[p~\ya>v,

'HAY'TEPAI-

at Tpvyovis,

'HE'POnoI"

According

dud.; for deros, Kuster

Hesych.

Hesych. {verb.

{ve/'d. dllb).

dub.).

bird doubtless identical with

to

cj. AIt]tt]s).

Boios ap. Ant. Lib. Met.

dipoy\r

i8,

the

vide

s. v.

pe'po^.

boy Botres was

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

6o

HEPOnOI

{coutimtcd).

transformed into the bird

7]fpoTros,

os

i'ri

vvv riKza

fjL(v

Inh

aU\ Se

yri^,

fifXera TreTfcrdai.

'HI'KANO'I-

6 oXfKTpvdov,

'HMIO'NION'

opvis noLos,

'HPIIA'AnirE*

opveov

Vitsych.

Cf. kUkos

forle

Schmidt.

k/kkoi^,

Hesych.
Hesych.

Ti elSos,

Also epiadXniy^, Callim. Schol.

ad Ar. Av. 884.

GEO'KPONOI.

De

Av.

Dion.
aerav

eivai

PA'H.

Avib.

GPAYm'l.

fabulous bird.
15 els rav

ii.

vodos kcu

Upa.Koii'

water-bird,
13,

ii.

iii.

mentioned with

Cod.

Perhaps identical with

species of Finch.
Arist.

and

e'orl kcu 6

deoKpovos, os e^

dvr'ivoi

and

KoXvp^os, Dion.

De

viii.

INIed.

Hesych.)

ypa-ms,

G. Schneicier

Cf. J.

dXinls

dpanls,

C''.

yXa-ms,

occur.

also

An unknown

in Arist. I.e.

592 b opvis dKavdo<payos, mentioned with

3,

uKcivdis

;(/jtio"o/^f)T|jts',

ono'l"

opvis TToios,

"IBINOZ"IBII,

H. A.

upvldav

24, q. v.
in

(dXvTTLs

(iiJi(pi[3icov

niaTeveTni, k.t.X.

iuTos,

Hesych.

Hesych.

The

Ipis; also tpu^ Hesych., Suid.

s.

An

Egyptian word, da/iti

A. V. ^rea^ owl\ cf.

filter

cf. /u'd

Is.

Ibis.

or /n'p in copt. vers. Lev.

xxxiv. 11

ibis in

tr.

vide Scholtzii Lex. Aegypt., Oxon. 1775, p. 155.

name leheias still survives as Arab, el hareiz, and
following fragment:
incolis

modos,

et

17 ifor

and Vulg.)
Another Egyptian
is

preserved

in

the

255 Avis autem, quae ab

Aristotelem ieheras {s. leheras) vocatur, et

Albert.

Aegypti secundum

habet duos

Magn.

xi.

LXX

unus

vi.

p.

illorum est

albus

et

alius

est

niger.

546 Avis (inquit Albertus, de ibide sentiens) quae

ab Aegyptiis secundum Aristotelem leheras {s. ieheras) dicitur, secunCf.

Gesner,

iii.

p.

dum Avicennam

Caseuz vocatur.

Cf. Belletete,

Annot. ad op. Savigny

(infra cit.), p. 39.

Of
first

the two species of Ibis, the

Whits or Sacred

recognized by Bruce (Travels in Abyss,

v.

p.

Ibis,

which was

173, 1790)

is

Tati-

Latham, Ntanenius Ibis, Savigny, or Ibzs religiosa,

Cuv. the Abou Hannes or Father John of the Abyssinians (Bruce), and
Abou Mengel or Father Sickle-bill of the fellaheen. The Sacred Ibis
still regularly visits Lower Egypt at the time of the inundation, coming
from Nubia (cf. Newton, Diet, of Birds, s. v.). Before the time of
Bruce's discovery, the name had been variously assigned to several

taltis aethiopicus,
:

HEPOnOI
I

BIZ

6l

IBIZ

{conliiitied).

birds

having been likened to a Stork by Strabo,

bird by Belon, by Prosp. Alpin.,

with that

Hist.

was

it

identified

Eg. Nat.

p.

199,

and by Caylus, Antiq. Eg. vii. p. 54, though such an identification

was expressly rejected by (e.g.) Albertus Magnus (vi. p. 640 non
est ciconia
quia rostrum longum quidem sed aduncum habet), and
Vincent. Burgund., Bibl. Mund.
p. 1212; it was supposed to be
a Curlew {falcineUus) by Gesner (H. A. iii. 546) and Aldrovandi (Orn.
iii. p. 312) and an Egret or White Heron by Hasselquist (Iter Palest.
(2) cl. 2, no. 25), an identification adopted by Linnaeus (Syst. Nat.
ed. X. p. 114); by Perrault (Acad, des Sc. Paris, iii. p. 58, pt. xiii)
it was taken to be a much larger bird, the Tantalus ibis of Linnaeus
and yet others, e. g. Maillet (Descr. de I'Egypte,
(Syst. Nat. ed. xii)
4to ii. p. 22) confounded it with the Egyptian Vulture or Pharaoh's
Hen.' The White Ibis is figured on the Mosaic of Palestrina (cf. the
coloured figures in the Pitture ant. di Petr. S. Bartholi) and in the
:

i.

'

Pitture ant. d' Erculaneo

The

60).

pll. 59,

(ii.

Black Ibis of Herodotus, the Glossy Ibis of ornithologists,

Temm.,

Ibis falcinelhcs,

is

igneus or Plegades falcineUus of

Falcijtelliis

more recent writers. It is confounded by L. & Sc. with the

To it the Arab name el hareiz
Ibis, an American bird.

Scarlet

said

is

especially to apply.

On both species, see Cuvier, Ann. du Mus. iv. pp. 103-135, 1804;
and especially the learned memoir of J. C. Savigny, Hist. nat. et
On Ibis mummies, cf. T. Shaw,
mythol. de I'lbis, 8vo Paris, 1805.
Levant, 1738, pp. 422, 428, G. Edwards, Nat. Hist. 1743- 1764,
Blumenbach, Phil. Trans. 1794, and later writers.
The Sacred

Ibis

oTroStSpaa-Koi'cra, cf.

u. R. p. 379,

it

is

x. 29 rov^ alXovpovs
according to Vierthaler, ap. Lenz, Z. d Gr.

said to nest in palm-trees, Ael.

Phile xvi

breeds in Sennaar, nesting on mimosa-trees, and building

twenty to thirty nests on a tree

Afrikas, p.

Herod,
Krj

ii.

Ketfievos'

<j(pLa)v,

nereadai

see also Heuglin, Ornith. Nord.

138.

75) 7^ eVrt 8e )(a>poi

Kill

Xuyos de eVri, ana

eV

AlyvnTov'

TavTTjS TTjS X'^PI^

Sta TOVTO TO

ras 8e

t<u

TTwOaropevos
TrrepuTOVS

e'api

ocpis,

dXXa

TTTepwTwv

TT(p\ rcov

ocpLS

eK

tPjs

ras opviffas anavToians es

'l^is

^ Tvapiivni tovs

'ipyov TeTipi)(T6ai

Bovtovv ttoXiv ndXiaTo.

Apa/3i7? kcitci

rris

es tovto to -f^^wpiov rjXdov,

KaraKrelveip'

Apa/3irjf

tiju faj3oXr)v

Koi

tijv

opoXoyeovai. de koi Alyinrioi 8ia TniJTa TipCiv ras opvtdai TavTas.

T?]S

fJLeii

i'jSiO?

Tu8e'

pLeXaiun

8eit'a)S Trdtra,

8e es TO paXicTTa eniypvnov,
Ta>v

p'i)(op.ei'a>i'

TOKTi

npoi tovs

dvOpcoTToiai'

deip')^ naa-av'

(Si^ai

XevKi]

yap

nTepolai,

S//

I8er].

elai

7rX)i'

eidos 8e

aKeXea 8e (popeei yepdvov, TTpoaunTou

Tau

jxeyaOos oaov Kpe$.

o<pi5, 7]8e

ij^iv

Apa/3ioi peyaXco? Trpos AiyvnTiav.

Xtyovai

Tutv 8

al 'i^ies)
KecjiaXrjS

iv

\j/i\r]

koi

fiev

ttoctX

ti]v

81)

ixeXaiveciiv,

p.aX\ov elXevpevcov
Kf(f)nXriv,

tov avx,evos

(cat

koi ti)v
iiKpayv

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

62
IBII {coiitiniieJ).

TU)V TrTffwyuv Kcii tov

(TKeXfa

^iva)S'
ix.

8e

617 b iv

27,

ov ylvovrni' id

nvyaiov uKpov'

K(il

ovv

fieu

Trj

liWt] AlyviTTO)
iv

8e, fieXaiuai

a'l

(Tfprj.

rfj

Arist.

Cf.

XevKai dcriv, nXrjV iv IlrjXovaM

oKXtj Alyi/Ttra ovk elaiu, fv UrjXovcria) S'

rr;

Cf. Plin. X. (30) 45, Solin. xxxv. p. 95.

fla-ii'.

fan
H. A.

ravra 8e ra tinov TrdvTa, ^eXaivd

efKpeprjS

TrpocrcoTroi/,

fusion implied in these accounts, vide

J.

On

the geographical con-

G. Schneid. in Arist. vol.

iv.

pp. 493-496.

The annual
alluded to:
xxxv,

M.

Pomp. Mela

iii.

Amm.

9,

and the

Ibis

loi, Ael.

i.

ii.

flying serpents

38, Phile,

De

Marcell. xx. 15, Isidor.

i.

An.

is

also

xvi, Solin.

p. 306, Albert.

640, &c.

vi. p.

The

between the

fight

Cic. Nat. D.

winged serpent on coins of Jubah II,

and K. p. 37). The 'Winged
Serpents were probably the hot winds and sandstorms (cf. Diod.
Sic. i. 128) of spring, which disappeared as the Etesian winds {opviOlai
avefioi) supervened, and the Ibis returned in the month of Thoth from
its migration, with the season of the inundations which freed Egypt
from all her pests cf. Savigny, op. cit. pp. 91, 134, Pluche, Hist, du
Ciel, i. I, p. 77
an interpretation of the Winged Serpents, more subtle
than this, is however possible
cf the ocpn lepaKonopcpos, Philo ap.
Euseb. Praep. Evang.
p. 41, Lydus De Menss. pp. 53, 137, Creuzer
Symb. ii. 246, &c. On the other hand the India7i ocfxis nrepcoToi of
Megasthenes (ap. Ael. xvi. 41) seem to have been real, not mythical,
and were very probably Vampire Bats, Pieropus medius, Temm.
Ibis in conflict with a

and Cleopatra

of Mauretania (Imhoof-Bl.

'

i.

'

'

On

(Val. Ball).

see Cic. Nat. D.

the Ibis as a useful destroyer of ordinary serpents,

i.

36,

ii.

50,

Diod. Sic.

97, Strabo, Geogr. xvii. p. 823,

i.

How Moses brought it in cages of

N. H. X. 28 (40), &c.
papyrus to destroy the serpents of the Ethiopian desert, Joseph, ii. 10.
How serpents are terrified by an Ibis' feather, Ael. i. 2i^, Phile,
p. 127.
De An. v. 715, or even paralyzed by it, Zoroast. in Geopon. xv. i, cf ib,
Plin.

likewise the
Theoph. Simoc. Quest. Phys. xiv. p. 19, &c.
an indolent and rapacious man symbolized by a crocodile
crowned with a plume of Ibis' feathers, tovtov yap eap 'i^ecos nTepa diyfjs,
The Ibis was also
dKivi]Tov e'vprio-eLi, Horap. ii. 81, Pier. Valer. xvii. 22.
hostile to the scorpion, Ael. x. 29, including 'winged scorpions,' Phile,
De Ibi and is associated [obscurely] with the Scorpion on the small
zodiac of Dendera, Savigny, op. cit. p. 131, Denon, Voy. pi, 130; cf.
xiii.

8,

crocodile

Kircher, Oedip.

ii.

and

Diod. Sic;

caterpillars,

Physiol. Syr.

Specul.
Strabo,

i.

1.

ejus ova

c. xviii,

p. 12
c.

si

pp. 207, 213.

Procop.

it

The

fed on

Comm.

Ibis

fish,

also

destroyed locusts

avoiding strong currents,

in Levit. p. 344, Vincent.

Burg.

and on the refuse of the markets of Alexandria,

flesh was poisonous and fatal, Vine. B. i. 1212, ii. 14S9

12;

Its

quis comeditur, moritur

cf Albert.

M.

xxiii. 24,

Gesner,

BIZ

63

BIZ {continued).

De

cap.

How

Ibi.

the basilisk springs from an &gg, the product of

poison eaten by the Ibis

magnum

malum

aliquid

ex ahquo quod

ilia

peperit, ut putredinoso,

enascitur basiliscus, &c., Theoph. Simoc.

1.

c.

Pier. Valer. p. 175.

cf.

was foul-feeding and insatiable of poison, Ael. x. 29, Phile xvi

Gesner v. 547 apud Graecos lexicorum conditores ibin 6(pio(^dyov
ab esu serpentium, et pvTrapo(^ayov ab impuritate victus cognominare
invenit.
Nevertheless, it was in other respects cleanly (Ael. x. 29),
and the Egyptian priests washed in water from which the Ibis had
drunk (Ael. vii. 45), ov nivfi ycif}
voaSibes
ne4>apyixfvov, Plut. De Is.
It is killed by hyaena's gall, Ael. vi. 46, Phile 666.
p. 381.
It

cf.

rj

rj

Mentioned with name AvKovpyos, Ar. Av. 1296. Compared with

viii. 22, 5.
Its tameness noted, Strabo,

the Stymphalian birds, Paus.

1.

Amm.

c, Joseph. Antiq. Jud. p. 127,

Marcell. p. 337.

name a term of reproach, Ovid, Ibis, v. 62 Ibidis interea tu

quoque nomen habe cf. Callim. Alciati embl. 87, in sordidos.
The Ibis was sacred to Isis, the Moon-Goddess Ael.
38 iepa ttjs
Its

ii.

(Te\rjVT]s

opvis eVri, TOcrovTOiV yovv fjp.ep5iv

f]

av^ei re koX \rjyei

(cf.

ib.

aiTiov, voTiooTaTri )(a>paiv

ii.

anaawv

AlyvTrros eari, kuI

irXavMpevav aarpav TrcmaTfvfTai,

Tcov

of Egypt, Pier. Valer.

Oedip.

De

Plut.

ov naprjXSe tovs Spofiovs peiovpevrji

381

Is. p.

iTi de

fj

TMV

p.e\dpcov

pi^is ep<paivei aeXrjvrjit dfjKpLKvpTov, also

Beos

r]

to 8e

Hence an emblem
324, and as such

iv. p.

on coins and medals of Hadrian and Q. Marius.

Koi rf;? aeXrjvrjs

oaatv

a.Tro8r]pi,

aeXrjVi] 8e voTKOTaTr]

rj

Plin. x. 48.

cf.

18, Kircher,

xvii.

coa Ky\v(pet,

AlyvnTov ovnore

^^

'''^^

35)-

to.

See also Phile xvi

.

mepav nepl to.

Symp. 4, 5.

koI Tr\rjpovp,ei'T]S.

\fVKa TTOiKtXm Koi

Cf. Pignor.

Mens.

y6; Wilkinson, Anc. Egyptians, (2) ii. pp. 217-224;

Renouf, Hibbert Lectures 1879, pp. 116, 237. It is figured together
Expl.

Isiac.

p.

new moon on

with the

the southern

(Descr. de I'Egypte, Thebes,

On

the connexion between

Temple

of Jupiter

261, pi. 52

ii.

Amnion

Creuzer,

ii.

at

Karnak

p. 208, &c.).

Thoth and the Moon, discussed in explanaLeemans in Horap. p. 247.

tion of the Ibis' relation to the latter, see

represented the moon (as a hawk symbolized the solar Osiris)

Egyptian banquets of the gods, Clem. Alex. Stromat. v. 7. Its mode
of generation was probably related to lunar superstitions
Ael. x. 29
It

at

p.iyi'VVTai

fie

ro'is ardp-ciaL

agoras ap. Arist.

XXXV,

(Sic.

The

De

Gen.

iii.

6,

756 B, Schol.

in PI.

cf.

Anax-

Phaedr., Solin.

ashes prevent abortion, Plin. xxx. (15) 49.

Its

was sacred

Ibis

Kai TraidoTroLovvrni top rpoTVov tovtov

Thoth or Hermes

also to

cf.

Socr. ap.

PL

274 Ael. x. 29; Plut. Symp. ix. 3 Diod. Sic. i. 8 Horap. i.

Kircher, Obel. Pamph. iv. 325, Oedip.
capp. 10, 36
Pier. Valer. xvii. 19
Thoth was the patron or emblem of Sirius, which
i. 15, ii. 213, &c.
Phaedr.

p.

star

on the small zodiac of Dendera

is

represented close to a double-

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

64
IBI2 {continued).

headed snake with ibis-heads; cf. Savigny, op. cit. p. 159, Kircher,
on the same zodiac an ibis-headed man rides
Oedip. iii. p. 96, &c.
on Capricornus, under which sign Sirius rose anti-heHacahy (Dupuis,
in this connexion, cf. Timoch. 3. 590
Orig. de tous les cultes, v. i)
kiojv.
Thoth is figured as an Ibis, or with
TTws- av (Tcoaiuv 'ijSis
an ibis-head, Plut. Synip. ix, cf. Pherecydes, Hymn. Merc. '^O 'Epfirjs
:

r)

apx^yos 68v6oio,

il3lfxop(pe,

yei/vi^Tuip,

(TvyypnfJ.ixdTaiv

Hermes, pursued by Typhon, changed himself

Astr. P.

28, Ant. Lib. Met.

c.

ii.

c.

28, Ovid,

Met.

an

naarjs

re

fie^fjCTtaii

into

Many

v. 331.

Hygin.

Ibis,

of

the bird's peculiarities, real or fabulous, are mystically associated with

e. g. its dainty walk (Ael. ii. 38) with the inventor
the same god
:

of the dance

and

its

numerical constants

pace of one

its

the equilateral triangle or

Osir. 381

or

of letters

its

(e. g. its

that

its

beak and

cf.

rov vnoK.\vapov

De

Is. et

made

(Plut. Is. et

legs alone, Pier. Valer. xvii. 18, xlvii) with the inventor

of physic with the founder of the medical

id.

legs

also Kircher, Obel. Pamphil. pp. 125-131),

(cf.

of clysters,

intestine 96 cubits long,

cubit, Ael. x. 29) with the inventor of arithmetic

Cic.

N. D.

ii.

On

art.

De

50, 126, Plut.

knowledge

its

the Ibis as the inventor

974 C

Sol. Aniin. p.

tijs 'i^eas

Kadaipnpfuj^s AlyvnTLOi avvi8e'ip Kai fxipTjaatxdai Xeyovaiv

dXjLtJ;

Osir. p. 381, Ael.

35, X. 29, Phile xvi, Plin.

ii.

viii.

(27)41, x. 30,

Ven. Sect, i, &c. the same story of the Stork, Don Quixote,
see also
cf. N. and O. (4) ix. p. 216
Lend. 1749)
The opposed black and white of the Ibis'
Bacon, De Augm. v. 2.
plumage, as sometimes of Mercury's raiment, suggested various sym-

De

Galen,
ii.

p.

(edit.

63

bolic parallels, the opposition of

cf.

Ael.

X.

Ibis

Hermes

a symbol of the heart

is

cfiepopLevos,

orav viroKpv^rjTai

(Txripa,

TTTfpois)

De

Plut.

Is.

(irfpl

and darkness,
and falsehood

light

silence, of truth

381 D, Clem. Alex. Str.

ov Xoyo? ea-rl nXelaros

an organ under the protection

and the bird has a heart-shaped outline (Ael. x. 29 KapSias

nap' AlyvnTiois

of

and

PL Phaedr.,

29, Schol, in

The

V. 7.

male and female, of

disorder, of speech

and

of order

as indeed

its

Horap.

i.

rt]v Bfprjv

36),

Knl rrjv Kf({)aXi)v Tois

mummies have

still

a weight as

vno
it

arepva

tco

issues from

the egg equal to the heart of a new-born child (Plut. Symp. 670),
or a heart of its own of exceptional size (Gaudent. Merula, Memorab.
iii.

c.

l>ai

50)

may compare

connexion we

in this

the soul (Lauth, op.

cit.)

cf.

supra

s. v.

blematic of the ecliptic or zodiacal ring

paXta-ra rav

C'i"^*'

'/^'^

^PXH^

the Eg. daku with da or

)3aii]8.

The

Ibis

was em-

dpidpoi yap e-mvoias Ktu perpov

tvaptxfo'Oai.

tois AiyvTrriois Soxei, cos rcov

It enjoyed freedom from

Clem. Alex. Stromat. p. 671.
it was
sickness, longevity, or even immortality (Apion ap. Ael. x. 29)
buried at Hermopolis (Herod, ii. 67, Ael. I.e.).

kCkXcov Xo^os,

'IBYH.

Hesych., Suid.

'lAAAl'Z, also eiSaAi's-

vide

s.

opvis ttolos,

v. i^is.

Hesych.

IBII lEPAE
'lAE'flN-

Schmidt]

ftSoy [fSoy, cf.

and Ion.

'IE'PA= (Ep.

'Ipi]^,

perhaps from root

p. 159),

falcons.

Kestrel,

generic term especially for the smaller

12.

xiii.

86

also

TapvaiTTTepos opvis

(oKVTreTT]s Ip'^^,

xiii.

Od.

Athan. 373 ^vanv

Eur. Andr. II41 ol

6'

ImpaKra

d'

oncjs 7re\eidtfs

Arist.

H. A.

8evTpoi 8

Qcrr

vfavides,

ix.

620

6'

rai/

nXXoi 8e TTepKoi Koi

In

6 ap.

(j>vyt]v

(vcnTKTav.

Kpariaros pev 6

6 S' dcxTepLas

/cat 6 (pacrcro-

Se nXarvTepoi iepaKei vnoTpiop^ai KoKoivrai,

oi

8e

01

criTi^lai,

In Has.

Alcman

lepc'iKcov

6 alaakdiv, rpiros 6 KipKos'

(j)6vos Koi 6 TTTfpvis dWo'ioi'

62, wkkttos

66.

opveLs lepnKos inrepTTTapevo}

upaK IBovani npos

36,

V.

Ar. Av. 1453.

cf.

Dimin.

(Erhard).

1 1

aKvurepos

xvi. 582,

II.

XV. 237, eT^aipporaros Tvertrjvwv

Varieties.

hawks and

Eust. 753, 56; UpaKiaKOs, Ar. Av.

Arist. with ep. ynp\lra)vv)(Oi, aapKocpdyos, apocpdyos, SiC.

Tpi6p-)(rji,

i.

the Sparrow-hawk,

D. 210

at

(t)

quite obscure.

is

In Horn, with epithets (okvs

Op.

with Upos

Maass, Indo-Germ. Forsch.

Mod. Gk. IfpciKi or yepuKi, applied to

Hobby, &c., and also to the Kite

'i(paKt8fvs,

TTfTfTjpaiv

Not connected

I).

swift (cf.

but the etymology

A Hawk. The

Hesych.

derov,

ipi^

s.

ft

6$

Koi

Xe'ioi

(ppvvokoyoi'

01

lepaKav (pnai riva eivat oix iXoTTOi Tcof BeKa, 8ia(ppov(Ti

yevrj Se

Toiu

8' dXXrjKodV, k. t. X.

Cf. ib. viii. 3, 592 b.

That there were ten species of hawks is asserted
by Callimachus, Etym. M. Vide Callim. fr. p. 468, ibique Bentleii
cf. Schol. ad Ap. Rhod. i. 1049.
For lists of the species, cf. Ar. Av.
;

78, Ael.

De

Dion.

xii. 4,

hawks were

Avib.

smaller, Arist.

during winter

The

xii. 4.

Job xxxix. 26) except

(cf.

The Egyptian

Plin. x. 8, 9, 10.

6,

i.

H. A.

hawks migrate
H. A. viii. 3, or

various

Tpiopx'js, Arist.

epiletcs, Plin. x. (8) 9.

Anatomical particulars.

^oK^v apa

tw

irpos

rJTrnTt

e)(ov(ri,

6eppi)v ti]V KoiK'iav, piKpov tov anXriva, Arist.

506b

De

Part.

iii.

Breeding habits.
615 ff dnoTopoL^
e'lSeL

roh evrepois

Kni

H. A.

ii.

5,

506

a, 16,

670 a.

7,

Arist. H. A.
De

veoTTfVfi.

563, incubates

vi. 6,

Gen.

ii.

y,

twenty days

746 b doKovaif

ix. 1 1,

ol 8in(f)('popTfs t(3

from the sexual

H. A. vi. 7, 564
Ael. H. N. ii. 43 deivios

piyvv(T0ai irpos dXX})\ovs (an error naturally arising

difference in size
y'lvovTUL

ol

(j)i\66r]'Kvs,

and plumage

in

many

veoTToX r]8vKpew a<po8pa Koi nioies.

Horap.

cf.

8.

i.

Antig.

Mirab. 99

av^avop(vu>v 8e twv veoTTWv fKXeyeiv tov (va,

acTos,

and

Horap.

cf.

ii.

UpaKiiiv.

De

Cf.

iv.

Plin.

H. N.

rw

26,
X.

H. A.

ix.

36,

620

ii.

vi.

42,

8 (10), &c.

(107) rpla pev TUreiv,

See also Supra

eV Qpa<rj

eXei Orjptvovaiv 01 nvOpconoL

Mirab.

Ael.

k. t. X.

S.

V.

99.

On Hawking. Arist.
KeSpeiTTo'Xei eV

Ael.

species).

118,

841b, Ctesias

rrj

KaXovpe^r] nore

opvidia noivr] pera tcov

in Phot. Excerpt,

and

ap.

[Amphipolis], 28 (34),
account in Dion. De Avib. i. 6, iii. 5, and

Antig. Hist.

The

to.

Mirab.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

66
IE PAH {coutitmed).

probably also in Martial, Ep. xiv. 216, refers to bird-catching with

a captive hawk, as with the owl. See also for much curious information,

'\i()nKo<T6(\)\.ov,

s.

rei accipitrariae scriptores, ed.

Paris, 1612,

and

Leipzig, 1866, also Schlegel's Fauconnerie, &c.

Metamorphosis with the Cuckoo. Arist. H. A. vi. 7, 562 b, Plut.

Geopon. xv. I. Theophr. De PL ii.
Vide s. vv. cttoi)/, k6kku|.
4.

Arat. cap. xxx, Tzetz. ad Lye. 395

4,

Myth and Legend. Worship

Ael.

XV. 526

and Eust,
rf]

Ii.

(puivj}

where the
Ael.

p. 371.

Ofpanoiv

in loc, Ar.

rfj

xii.

Ka\ apnr)v

KoKovpevov

ApTtpiSos.

also Strabo, Geogr. xvii.

i.

Ifpevcri (poiviKa

he

pri'f'pi

Horap.

47,

Tives 8e (paaiv ev tois ap^nlois

Od.

i.

8,

\povoi,

tov
he

nTepbv lepaKos

Is. et

'AndWoivoi iari

Kppov

TavvcriTTTepov,

6tu>v

39 ^^'^
Os.

cf. ib. xi.

also Plut.

Se

top

KaX

tov

See

tov peppvov.

Pier. Valer. Hierogl. xxi,

UpaKa ^i^Xiov

eveyKeiv

eis

pappaTi nepieiXrjppevov, exov yeypappevns Tas

hionep koi tovs lepoypnppaTfls

Toiv depaTTflas re fcai Tipds'

Kai

cf.

TTpoffPfpovaiv,

'Adrjva

ewal (paaiv, 'Hpay

Tpiopxrjv ovTca

pappa

k.t, \.

6 pev nfpSiKodrjpas Ka\ bJKVTTTepos

6e

lidvppa

Qi'i^as To'is

65, 67

Av. 516, Eq. 1052), koi tov fxh Beov'Slpov

yap upoKes opv'idcav pLOvoi rals aKrla

priests are called UpaKo^ouKoi

(prjvijv

(pacrl,

ii.

XV. 237,

(cf. II.

cr(p(Tfpa ... 01

(f)aaaro(f)6vTr]v

&C.

Egypt, Herod,

in

paticos Koi a^aaavLarOis avri^XiTTOvrfs,

t}Xi'.ov

vii. 9,

Hawks

of

14 hXyinxTioi TOP UpaKii 'AnoWavi Tifiau (oiKaai

X.

KaXovai
TOV

inl

Trjs

Kf(f)aXrii,

Diod.

Sic.

(ftopelv (poivtKovv
i.

The

87, 8.

Egyptian Sun-god Phra with a hawk's head, Upa<6p,op(f)os, lepaKonpoa-anos, Philo ap. Eus. P. E. 41 D, 116 D (i. 10, iii. 12), Horap. i. 6.
In the Rig-Veda the sun is frequently compared to a hawk, hovering

The hawk associated with fire-worship, Ael. x. 24. A

hawk sometimes seen in Egypt, Ael. xi. 39. Moult

in the air.

three-

legged

before

live seventy years, ib. x. 14; the leg-bone

ib. xii. 4
has an attraction for gold, ib.
throw earth on an unburied corpse,

the inundation,

ib.

ii.

Salve their eyes with

42.

sight, the

ib. ii. 43
reason of their sharp

a remedy for diseases

as does the herb lepaKiov, Horap.

i.

any
the mystical herbs associated with particular animals, and

6, Plin. XX.

it is

or wild lettuce,

i.

of the eye, Plin. xxix. (6) 38, &c.

meaning

OpiSaKivr]

De Avib. 6); hence, as well as by

Hawk or Eagle in medicine constitute

(also Dion.

(7)

in

26, xxxiv. (11) 27:

it

is

seldom possible

therefore worth noting in this instance that dpihoKivr]

herb of Adonis.

how a
43
Delphi, ib.
;

Are supposed by some

to trace

is

the sacred

to be bastard eagles, Ael.

ii.

hawk caused the apprehension of a sacrilegious thief at

how the hawks in Egypt repair to certain Libyan islands

to breed, having sent

Diod.
eagle,

97

two messengers in front, ib. (cf. Plin. H. N. x. 8,

do not eat the heart, ib. ii. 42 hostile to the fox, the
and the vulture, ib. Are exempt from thirst, Damasc. V. Isid.
Sic.

(cf. s. v.

i.

87);

acTos), but drink blood instead of water,

Horap.

i.

7.

Their

IEPA= IKTEPOI
lEPAE

67

{continued^,

heart

Hawk

is

on a

tree a sign of rain,

Theophr. Sign.

Abst.

fr. vi,

ii.

48.

2, 17.

of the

Hawk and

the Nightingale, Hes. Op. et D. 201,

metaphor of the

Hawk and

the Crows, Ar. Eq. 1052.

The Fable
Aes. fab.

De

eaten, to obtain prophetic powers, Porph.

sitting

9.

The metamorphosis
Deucahon, Ov. Met.

of Hierax, Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

The Hawk entered

which
ideas

image

its

being,

According

for

^(oypa^ovcnv

that of

Egj^pt into innumerable hieroglyphics, in

secondary

wv

symbols

supra,

(cf.

8 "Apea ypdcfiovTes Kai

i.

these are the

cf.

the main, a phonetic element, the symbolic

the most part,

Horap.

to

in

in

is,

iii

340.

xi.

'

s. v.

PairjO).

8110

A(Ppo8iTr]v,

iepoKas

Horus and

and

Hat-Hor, the latter being the oIkos "Qpov of Plutarch. According to

Chaeremon, fr. 8 "i^vxrj-rjXios-deos = Upa^. On the sanctity of hawks in
Egypt, and the solar symbolism associated with them there, see also
(besides the references quoted above), Porph. De Abst. iii. 4
the Sun
;

called lepa^, ibid.

Clem. Alex. Strom,

De

Plut.

iv. 16,

Is. et Osir. c. 51,

Eus. P. E.

iii.

10,

v. 7.

For other words and phrases in which the hieroglyph of the Hawk
had part, see Horap. 6 Beov iSovXupepoi crrjpfjvai,
Tainivacnv,
v\l/os,
i.

ij

VTrfpoxjiv,

rj

aiyufi,

rj

VLKrjv,

17

Tas Tsrepvyas iv depi,

o'lov

iivdpanov anora^dpevov

eyKvpova ^(oypatpovaiv
o^ecos yevopeva.

Leemans

cit.

ii.

fj

biareTapevos

5 ifpa^

TtKva 81 anopiav ^ov\6pfvoi

Diod. Sic.

Horap.

id.

nrepvyas ex^ovra avepov (njpinvai

to. i'fita

p. 150,

id.

crrip^vai,

ii.

99

lepaKa

2 iepa^ avTo7s ar]paivfi iravra Ta

4.

iii.

Klaproth ad Goulianofif

Cf.

in

ItpaKa ^(oypa(pov(ji

De

Inv. Hierogl. Acrolog.,

and especially Lauth, Sitzungsber. Bayer.

Akad., 1876, pp. 77-79.

See also aiadXwi', apaKog,

(3air|'9,

|3dp|3a|, j3e\Xoui''r]S, eXeios, eiriXetos,

KipKos, TrepKOs, irripvis, (nrij^tas, Tpi6p)(T)s, UTTorpiopxtis,

<|>pui'oXdYOs,

'IZI'NEI-

olwvoi, 6pvi6es,

"IKTEPOZ.

<|>acro'0<j>oi'OS,

&C.

bird

HeS}xh.

with

fabulous

identical with galgidus, the

Plin. XXX. II

(28)

Cf. aX,eivoi,

according

attributes;

Golden

Pliny,

to

Oriole.

Avis icterus vocatur a colore, quae

si

spectetur,

malum ["/crepoi', malum regium, the jaundice] tradunt, et

avem mori. Hanc puto Latine vocari galgulum {galbula, Mart,
sanari id

xiii.

68).

Cf.

Dion.

De

Avib.

i.

27

Coel. Aurel. Chron.

iii.

passio

vocabulum sumpsit secundum Graecos ab animalis nomine, quod sit

coloris fellei. Cf. Schneider, in Arist. H. A. ix. 12 and Suid., who derives
;

the

word from

IktIvos.

Vide

infra s.v. x^paSpios.

F 2

;;

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

68
'iKTrNOI, or

(Aiistoph.,

"iKTivoi

In plur.

(Ael.

'iKTivfs

Suid.): also

cf.

35,

i.

&

grammatical forms, see L.

sometimes said

Kite
Kite

is

moner
called

Common

Milvus

Kite,

M.

For other

unknown;

The Black

where

com-

the

is

it

The Common

species of the two (Erh.).

M.

regalis, Briss.,

Gm.

ater,

called IktIvo^ in the Cyclades,

still

{nepyalm, Hesych.).

(Paus.).

Derivation

&c.

So..

and the Black Kite,

Sav..

icimus,

Iktis

1kt7vs

be connected with Sk. ^yena.

to

including the

47) or

ii.

Kite

is

also

in Attica (Heldreich).

Tai(f)Tr]i

In minor references frequent, usually as a robber, e.g. Theogn. 1261,

Soph. Fr. 890 'Ixrivos wy f/cXn-y^e napacrvpas Kpeas Plat. Phaed. 82

1302

Men.
Ar.

329 (493)

4,

fr.

Com.

Plat.

695 (69)

2,

Aristoph.

Etym. M. p. 470. 34 'Unva TravrocpdaXpov

Automed. viii, in Gk, Anth. ii. 192 ovtos

525,

Iambi. II,

fr.

1192 (71),

2,

cipnaya
f^ft.

Simon.

yap apnayos

Iktivov X*'P" KparaiOTfprjv.

Description.
Trpos

TW

Arist. De
Km

rjnaTi

Part. 670, 34 piKpoi 6 (rnXrjv'

Trpos Trj Koikia

rpia' eirad^ft rrepl (iKoaiv fjpepas

ib.

594 oXiyaKis

e'lnoi,

Dion.

vi. 6,

De

563

Very destructive
Avib.

i.

\o\fjv e^ei

Tr)v

^1*0 <{>"'

ivloTf 5e Kai

592 peytdos oaov rpiopxis

ib. viii. 3,

SinTai 8e irivcov.

Tvivei,

av Tis avai8e(JTepov

H. A.

7;

cf.

to poultry

Theogn.

302

ovBev

Iktivov

(TxerXiov fjOos.

migratory bird

it

before the swallow,

arrives

shearing-time, Ar. Av. 714; in Egypt

22

it

sometimes hibernates,

it

H. A.

Arist.

600

viii. 16,

oPTfS TOiovTav ToTTwv, iv ols del 8iapevov(ri, Koi Iktlvoi Kal

ivTalBa,

\(opox)(Tiv

eavTOvs'

rjSrj

01

8e noppairtpa) bvres ovk eKTOirt^ovcriv

yap uippevni iroXXaX

at

the

spring

does not migrate, Herod,

)(eXib6vii

ph

ii.

TrXr^rrlov

;^cAiSdi'e$',

OTro-

aXXa KpvTTTOVaiv

ayydois ey^iXcopevai

iv

elcriv

01

TvapTTcw, Kcn 1kt7vol eK TOtovrcov eKTreropevoi xmpioiV, orav (palvcavTaL to TTparov.

The common

Kite

is

merely a bird of passage

remaining to winter there (Krliper)

the mainland of Greece.

Macedonia

to

Eudoxus

in

Greece, a very few

the Black Kite

is

a rare visitor to

Both species are common, and breed,

in

(Kriiper, Elwes, &c.).

The statement
Geminus,

^IktIvos cfxavfrai

sag. in Arat.

Phaen.

thirteen days, to

before the vernal equinox.

appears in various Calendars,

c. xvi,

who

Euctemon
According

dates

eight,

and

its

e. g.

advent, according

to Callippus one day,

to Grotius, Arat.

Phaen. notae

ad imagg. p. 55, Milvus, in Latin, refers to the constellation Cygnus cf.

Ov. F. iii. 793 Stella Lycaoniam vergit declivis ad Arcton Milvus.
;

Haec ilia nocte [xvi. Kal. April.] videnda venit see also Plin. xviii. 6
but according to Ideler, Sternnamen, p. yy, the dates given do not
tally with this hypothesis, the heliacal rising of Cygnus being three
;

months

earlier

and he

prefers to

assume

that the statements in the

older Calendars referred to the bird of passage, and were mistakenly

IKTINOI lAlAX
IKTINOX

69

{co7itimied).

Ovid and Pliny. I am for myself

Ovid did allude to the constellation, but that he
did not mean (nor say) that on the date in question it rose with the
sun as a matter of fact it then rose at midnight, and was on the
attributed to a constellation by
inclined to think that

meridian when

it disappeared at sunrise.
one of the mystical XuKot or iiKfiova (q. v.)

Myth and Legend. Hostile

De

0pp. Cyneg.

to Kopa^, Arist.

De

An. 688, Cic.

also the

'l/crlj/or is

in

Nat. Deor.

H. A.

iii.

ix.

I,

name

of

331.
609, Ael.

49 friendly to 7ri0ty|
and &fjTn], Arist. 1. c, Ael. v. 48. Use dpvos as a remedy, Phile 725
place pdpvov in the nest as a charm, Ael. i. 55 how a stick from a Kite's
nest is a remedy for headache, Plin. xxix. (6) 36, xxx. (4) 12 detest the
Phile,

iv. 5,

ii.

pomegranate,

De

why, Dion.

Avib.

Suffer at certain seasons from sore feet,

7.

i.

x.

(10) 12;

and

De

Animal,

xxiii.

the Kites in Elis rob

men

Dion. I.e., namely, at the time of the Solstice, Plin.

from sore eyes, Suid. s. v. Xnrepos. See also Albert. M.
Cf. supra,

24, p. 641.

market-place

in the

Ael.

ii.

47, Arist.

and

so that they never even alight on that tree,

po'ia,

How

ipa|.

s. v.

Ar. Av. 1624), but never molest the UpodvToi,

Mirab. 123, 842 a, Theopomp. ap. Apollon. Hist.

(cf.

De

on the Kite as dangerous to

cf. rep 1ktlv(o tw eVrtou^^o), Ar.
Av. 865. How the Kite was once a King, Ar. Av. 499. The story
in Plin. 1. c, milvos artem gubernandi docuisse caudae flexibus, does
not seem to occur in Greek. In Latin, Milvus is proverbial for its
powers of flight and of vision cf. Pers. Sat. iv. 26, Juv. ix, 25, Martial
ix. Ep. 55.
Mirab.

Pausan.

x,

sacrifices,

Ar.

cf.

v.

Plin, I.e.;

14,

Pax

1099, Av. 892

Fable of

IktIvos that lost its

170, Babr. 7^

Suid.

cf.

voice trying to neigh, Aes. Fab. ed.

Julian in Misopogone, p. 366

(cit.

Halm,

Schneider

in

H, A. vi, 6) t6v 'luTiva itndiddai rm x,pffJ-fTL^eiv, SxjiTfp oi yevvaioi rap

"iTnTMP, dra tov pev iirikaOoptvov, to 5e prj dwrjOevra iXt'iv 'iKavMS, apcpotu areFable
peadai Koi (pavXorepov rav uWuiv opvi6u)v fivai rrjv (fxavrjv cf. acOosofXdpos Kai Ikt'ivos, Aes. 239. Proverb, wpoKvXivSela-dai Iktwoh, Ar. Av.
Arist.

501

cf.

Suid. uipos yap dp^^ope'vov iktlvos (palverat.

01

TrevrjTes

ovv

diraXXayevTis xeipavos npoeKvXivdoivTo Kai TrpocrfKvvovv avrovs.

apirt], PaTuppYiyciXT), Siktus,

See also
'lAIA'l.

Also

IXXds,

Athen.

of Athen. also rvXds.

ii.

65

a,

eXavos.

Eust. 947,

Perhaps akin to

kind of Thrush: for references, see

'ix.Xa,

8.
i.

e.

In some

MSS.

kIxXg.

kixXt].

Gesner, Belon, and others identify IXids as the Redwing, Turdus

iliacus, L., on account of its small size (Arist. H. A. ix. 20, 617). Sundevall
In
points out that the expression ijttoi/ noiKiXr] (I.e.) is inapplicable.
ii. 65 a (c. 68) these words are omitted from a corresponding
passage; and the account of the nesting habits of kIx^t] (H. A. vi. 1)

Athen.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

yo
lAIAZ {continued^.

Both the Redwing and the Fieldfare are

are transferred to tXXaj.

now

common

winter-migrants in Greece, and not very

The word was probably an

niayer, &c.).

simply thrush, to which

it

(Kriiper, Linder-

old or dialectic form,

was sought

meaning

apply a specific meaning

to

in Aristotle.

'iMANTO'nOYI.

wading-bird

name

the

is

now

allotted

to

the

Stilt.

De

Dion.

Avib.

ii.

yevvv

e'/c

e;^oi'rfs TreTTrj-yvlaVf

Symbolik,
opvfov

'lEOBO'POI,

povov Kivovai

rrjv

8'

\).iv

aKfXeai

;(paJvrai, Koi

in avTcov eariv, on

avaBev.

Tr\v

Karadev

Cf. Plin. X. 47 (64)'

(q. v.), Aristid.

ii.

p.

107;

cf.

Creuzer,

p. 167.

ii.

(papfiaKiba,

;(pcoi/rnt al

Ti, (o

or

nauov

tovtov.

The Phoenix

'INAIKO'I "OPNII.

"INYE"

' S' t/^'T<'7ro5e? XfTTToIy

fxovcri rtjp Trpoarjyopiav

Athen. 65 a

l^o(f)dyos,

Vide

Hesych.
(I'^os

S.

= viscu7n,

V. luy^.

mistletoe,

cf.

viscada, the iT//j'j(?/-thrush).

Ital.

The Missel-thrush, Turdus

Miihle),

f3ovvoTaix>^a in

viscivonis, L.

jMod. Gr. Kipiaplva

on Parnassus, Kvpa

^tvhpoTcrlxka

The

Laconia (Heldreich).

(v. d.

Eurytania,

in

Elprjvr}

only one of the true

thrushes resident in Greece throughout the year (Kriiper).

H. A.

Arist.

innAAEKTPYii

ix.

Myrm.

Aesch.
Note.

fr.

^ou^os- is

;YfXiScoi/, peXicrara,

rim^,

With

Photius

11 77,

euioi yvTra,

HeSych.

Av. 800 t6u $ov6ov 'nnrakfKTpvopa

applied to various creatures,

all

e. g.

ar\hwv,

of which agree in being closely linked

The meaning

with religious symbolism.

known.

rov ypa(^6p.(vov eV to'h UfpcriKois

rj

130, &c., Sic.

The epithet

okKvav,

kixXt].

ypafpovrai Se oiop ypvnfs.

Ran. 932 (959), Pax

Cf. Ar.

s. v.

tov p-eyav aXfKrpvova,

N*

TrpiarTpaip.a(ri.

cf.

Vide

20, 617.

of the adjective

the various conjectures of

is

quite un-

modern commentators

cf.

^ovBov' Xenrov, anakov, eXacppov, ;(Xa)poV, vypov, ^avdov, Ka\6v,

TTVKvov, o^v, raxy. ol Se TroiKikov, eveides, diavyes.

in HA PION"

"inriH,

opvfov

(j. iiriTa,

root
the

is

>r.

TTOiov, TTitpaTrXrjcriov ;^j;i'aXa)7rKt,

iTrxa, s. irra).

supposed

word

is

to be

z'c-o

ediaKcos,

The

Hesych.

(Vanicek 82),
(q. v.)

cf.
;

hos

and

but the Irra

aiT-nrj.

Doubtless identical also with

ayados

dpvnKoka-^,

taken to be identical with m'Trw

suggests identity with

ecTTiv

m, Lat.

HeS}ch.

iiri'r],

oiiTos 6 opvis enl Bijpav 'iovri.

Boios ap. Anton. Lib. 21

kuI

lAlAI iYr=
'inno'KAMriTOI"IZKAA,

arpovdiov

ti,

71

Hesych.

{ver3. dub.).

Perhaps

for TeVpa^ (q. v.).

V. I'xXa.

"IITPAE*

Hesych.

opvis TToios,

Lex. Seg.

"ITYE,

opveov, Suid., Phot.,

"lYfE.

Perhaps from the hissing

Th. 400

Cf. luyl.

cf

cry,

a snake's

Ivyrj,

Nic.

hiss,

but more probably a word of foreign and

unknown

origin.

The Wryneck, Vufix

Arist.

dvo

Part.

H. A.

504 a (a

12,

ii.

iv. 12,

I8la 8' ex^i TO. re nepl [tovs

e)(ei

yap eVi

en

els eavTrjv,

TrecjiVKoras

19.

(tt).

rj

oi

Pind. P.

'ivy^

iv.

pei^uv
Ttjv

Svvxcts 8' e)(ei

b(f)eis.

to2s tcov koXoiS)u'

23),

i.

fiei/

dXiyoi 8e tipc

De

KaXovixevr] tuy^ [cf.

fj

<Trrl^r]<;,

to

S'

eldos ttolkIXov,

yXwTTav opolav

rol'i

u<peaiv'

8e 7repi(rrpe(/)ei tov rpdx^rjXov els Tovniaoi tov Xoinov crcopaTos

Ttj

8e

(f)a>vr]

peydXovs pev Spoiovs pevTOi

rpi^et

Plin.

(cf.

xi.

ai'dpcoiToi (f)aaiu eivai rives:

birds, Ael.

H. A.

vi.

07).

cf. ibid.

XV.

(47)

19 vnoKpiverai rbv

avXov.

Superstition,

Avib.

oniadeu, olov

Tirrapas 8nKTvXovs, Ka\ ndXiv ava-TtXXerai

H. A. ix. 13 ivyyns, epcoTiKui

Mentioned among mimetic

nXdyiov

fi'

SoktuXovs koi]

prJKOs fUTaa-iv Ka\

T)pepowTOs, Kaddnep

Ael.

and accurate description)

full

avTij S' earl p.iKp<a

695].

pvpnr]Ko\6yos

o-(^fi'fioXt,

iVu^, itu^, KikaiSioi', aeio-oTruyis.

[SaKTuXoDs] eixTrpoadev 8vo

fiev

IMod. Gk.

torqidlla, L.

See also

(Heldreich).

interwoven with a phallic symbolism

214

(in

charm

De

Dion.

(cf.

back a strayed lover.

connexion with Jason and Medea) norvia 8' o^vtutcov

used the

'ivy^

as a

to bring

jSeXewf noiKiXav 'ivyya rerpdKvapov OvXvpnodev eu uXvTCi ^ev^aiaa kvkXco

fiaivd8

Theocr.

opviv KvTrpoyeveia (fiepev npcoTov dt/dpanroicri.

TXk to Trjvov epbv

Pal. v. 205) "ivy^

tov av8pa.

ttotI 8<iipa
NiKoiiff

rj

Gk. Anth.

Koi biairovTiov eXKeiv

f)

Id. ii'lvy^

(Jac. iv.

40,

Anth.

av8pa Knl eV daXdpuv

Cf. Soph. Oenom. iii. I ivyya driprjTrjpiav eparos. The

was bound upon a wheel and spun round, cf Theocr. ii. 30;

iral.8as eniarapevr].

bird

Schol.

Pindar,

c.

1.

ap.

Suid.

ed.

Gaisford

OTi

TO.

evrepa avrov

e^eXKV(ra<rM

KaSdnTovat

Suidas, Tzetzes in Lycophr. 310, Ael. H. A.

ydp

avTo

ol 8e

(pacnv

Xapj3dvovaaL

8eapevovaiv eV Tpoxov tivos, ov nepippoix^ovcnv apa enadovaai.

T<a

rpoxa.

ix. 13,

&c.

Cf.

Hesych.,

In Pind. P.

iv.

214 Xvyya Terpdnvapov is supposed to be the bird thus bound, and

cross-fixed or spread-eagled cf. Pind. P. ii. 40 TerpdKvapov 8e(Tpdv.
See
also King, Ant. Gems, i. 381.
;

Mem.

In Xen.
against

wheel
ii.

some one
itself

eXiceiv tvyya eni tivl is to work the bird

and perhaps the word is here used for the
a charm in a more general sense cf. Aristaenet.

iii.

12, 17

(Schn.),

or for

8 Toy (fitXTponoiov iKereve ndXiv KttT eKeivrjs dvaKivrjaai ras Ivyyas

also Pind.

Nem.

iv.

13 axjirep dno Ivyyos

35 ivyyi

S'

eXKopai rJTop veoprfvia Qiyefxev: Luc.

rep KaXXei. eXKopevos'.

Ar. Lys.

HO, Diog.

L.

cf.

Dom.

vi. 2,

76;

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

72
lYfr (continued).
Ael. XV. 19,
xii.

Opp. Hal.

Ducite ab urbe

132

iv.

domum

p6ixj3os,

Clem. Alex. Strom,

ap.

more

loosely used in Ael.

ii.

9, v. 40,

also Virgil's translation of Theocritus,

The magic

inea carmina, ducite Daphnin.

wheel was properly called

(Hermann)

still

Compare

46, xiv. 15, &.C.

Theocr.

ii.

Orphic,

30,

Luc. D. Meretr.

p. 15. 8,

xvii

fr.

iv. 5,

&c.

ad Synes. 361 D, Psell. in Schol. ad Orac. Chald.,

380 (trochiscilus, Apul. De Mag. xxx), cf. Clem.
Alex. Strom, v. 8, or plk6s, Suid., and in Lat. rhombus, Mart. ix. 30,
Propert. iii. 6, 26, rola, Plaut. Cistell. ii. i. 4, or turbo, Hor. Epod. xvii. 7.
It was probably similar to, though not identical with, the ptmrpov, or
arpoipciXos, Schol.

TpoxicTKos, Tzetz. Chil. xi.

tambourine of the Corybantes, and the bird was, like that instrument,
associated with the worship of Rhea, Dion. De Avib. i. 23. According

Nonn. Dionys. ix. 116, the pofi^os was (and under the
in Italy) an instrument twirled round at the end of
a thong, which means to say, I suppose, that it was a bull-roarer
if
this be so, the I'u-yl TerpaKvapos was not rotated round on its own axis,
but spun at the end of a string, as we spin cockchafers. Concerning
the magic wheel, see also Selden, De Diis Syr. i. i, 33.
to Marcellus in

same name

still is,

'

'

The bird is represented on a vase in connexion with Dionysus, Brit.

Mus. Vase Cat. No. 1293; and the Pindaric epithet ttoikIXi] has been
interpreted as a link in its Dionysiac character (cf. R. Brown, jun,,
Dionys. Myth, i. 339). In this connexion the name'Iilyyut for Dionysus
(Hesych.), is very interesting. Another vase (No. 1356) represents
Adonis holding out the bird to Aphrodite.
'Ivy^

was

also used metaphorically for love or desire,

989, Lye. 310

The

'ivy^ in

and Schol. Heliodor.

Anth. Pal.

v.

iv.

Aesch. Pers.

205 was engraved on an amethyst, XP^^'?

yXvuri]
it is represented on a gem,

apeOvarov

TToiKiXBflaa, ^Lavyeos i^

cf.

15, &:c.

associated with Jason and the Golden Fleece (Imh.-Bl. and K.

21, p. 131)

probably

pi. xxi.

in illustration of Pind. Pyth. iv.

According to Nicander, ap. Anton. Lib. Met. 9, one of the nine

Emathidae, daughters of Pierus, was metamorphosed into the bird
'iuyt.

The

tu-yl

was equally sacred among the ancient Persians and Baby-

lonians, Marini Proclus, xxviii,

cf.

Hopf, Thierorakel,

p. 144.

See also

the remarkable description of the Royal Judgement-seat at Babylon,

Philostr. V. Apollon.

not clear

diKa^ei piv

Tov opofpov Terrapes,

i.

25,

8f]

rrjv

where however the precise meaning oitvy^

is

6 ^naiXfvs ivTavOa' xpvo-ai de 'ivyyes cnroKpepavTai

'Adpncmiau

aiiT(ti

napeyyvioaat., Ka\ to

avopccTTOvs aiptadai' ravras 01 pdyoi avroi cfiacnv appoTreadat,

TO ^aaiXein' KnXovai 8e avras deav yXmaaas

See also Pseudo-Zoroaster,

fr.

54, ed. Cory.

',

cf.

Creuzer,

pt] inrep

tovs

<f)oi.TU)i'TfS

Symb.

ii.

es

221.

IYr= KAAANAPOI
lYFH

73

{contilined).

Bury

chiefly from
vii. pp. 157-160) supposes,
and Pindar Nem. iv, that the 'ivy^ was originally a
1/iooH-charin or invocation to the Moon-Goddess 'iw, a theory supported
by Mart. ix. 30, where rhombus is in like manner a moon-charm, as
also by such parallel passages as Virg. Eel. viii. 69, and Tibull. i. 8. 21.
The luyl was undoubtedly thus used in lunar rites, but the bird does
not cry 'icb, 'lo), and the suggested derivation of its name and sanctity
from such a cry cannot hold. It is interesting, however, to find that
lo and Ivy^ do come into relation with one another, the witch who by
her spells had made Zeus enamoured of lo, being transformed by Juno
into the bird i'uyl, Niceph. in Schol. ad Synesium, p. 360, Creuzer, Symb.
iii. 249
see also Schol. Find. I.e. It is thus quite possible that 'iw and
tu-yl are after all cognate, though the bird's cry had nothing to do with

of Hellen. St.

(J.

Theocritus Id.

ii,

their etymology.
i'u-yl

and

come

one another, as both connected

form of the latter, 'i^v^ (Hesych.,
suggests perhaps an ancient confusion between the two names.
l'/3i?

with moon-worship
? i'f I'D

"IXAA.

form of

la-fcXa,

lxa\r],

into relation with

and the

Hesych.

Kt'^Xa,

Hesych.

'iflNl'Z.

apa

nfpt(XTepd,

Aristot.

KAKKA'BH,

i. p.

i.

among

Anim.

Hist.

the opvidas Trorafilovs

Epit.

i.

24 (Supplem.

5, Berolini, 1885).

KOKKa^a,

KaKKaPi's.

j.

oivds.

s. v.

bird; mentioned

Aristoph.

Kal Xipmiovs,

mentioned by

14.

Vide

Hesych.

An unknown

c.

Also

107.

p.

ralx^a.

or fabulous small bird

Nicander ap. Anton. Lib.

'IflNA'Z"

Lob. Path.

Cf.

Mod. Gk.

cf.

An unknown

'IXNEY'MHN.

dialectic

Hcsych.

(Cf. Sk.

A name

kukkubha^

for the Partridge.

Athen.

ix.

AKKp-avos'

390 a Kokovvrai S

'iirrj

Tuhe koX piXos

o\

(TTopa [ovopa, Casaub.] (Twdtpevos

H.A.

nepdiKes in iviatv KaKKa^ai, w? koI vn'

AXKpdv

evpe,

(Alcman,

fr.

yfyXuxraapevov

25 Bergk).

536b; Athen. I.e.; cf. Anthol.

Riese) Interea perdix cacabat nidumque revisit. Cf. Stat.

^i^eiv, Arist.

quaeque

refert

KAAAMOAY'THI.
Ael.

vi.

iv. 9,

iungens iterata vocabula perdix.

An unknown

Vide

corypha

Chaucer,

KaKKa^ldcav

KaKKa-

Lat. 733 (ed.

Sylv.

s. v.

ii.

4.

20

irepSi^.

bird.

46 Kedpov Tov KaXapo8vTT]v dnoXXva-i (f)vXXn.

KA'AANAPOI.

Hence

Cf. Phile, 664.

The Calandra Lark, Alauda Calandra, L., MelanThe Chelaundre or Calendre of

auctt.
who distinguishes it from the lark or Javerokke, Rom. of

calandra,

the Rose,

662,

cf.

v.

655.

Skeat

(in

loc.)

derives

the word,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

74

KAAANAPOI

{contimied).

through O. F. calandre, caladre, from L. caradrius, Gk.

Babr. Ixxxii

(cf.

and vide

infra

x/joS/kos

Said by others

xapaSpios).

s. v.

to be connected with \^.calie7idni77i, a tufted head-dress, a top-knot.

Dion.
vOaros
Tb)S

Avib.

15 KaXctv^pov de oIk av ti9 eXoi

iii.

pa8i(i)s, el

fir]

TrXijaiov

to \ivov' 6 fxiv yap rod ttotov xp^lConv irpocrinTaTai, 6 8e dypevrfjt

KoXvQr] 'KavBavcav Ka\ iiriTflvoiv to diKTvop, irivovTa koKv^h top KiiXau-

bpov.

De

BeiT]

The same device

is

Frederick

De

Italy;

cf.

Eel. Phys. p. 41

KA'AAPII.
AriSt.

II,

Venat.

Cage

'

chapter

KiXXovpov

s.

cf.

J.

d.

Birds,' &c.

bird.

Gesner suggested KoWvpicova,

z'n loc.
The whole

G. Schneider

replete with difficulties, and, in

is

in

z.

8e KuXnpiv 6 alycoKios Koi ol ciWoi ynp'<^a>-

vv^f^ KaTeaBlovaiv' odev 6 noXfuos niTols.

Billerbeck KiXXvpov

Anm.

G. Schneider,

J.

An unknown

KoXapii).

609 Tov

IX. I,

32;

p.

see also Bechstein's

MS. Da

(In

H. A.

used for the capture of small birds

still

my

opinion, with signs of

foreign influence or even of spurious origin.

KA

AA4>0Z"

Hesych.

daKdXa(f)os,

Vide

KAAI'APIZ.

s.

A name

KA'AAiiN.

KaXXain,

Moeris.

Xeyova-iv,

KAAOTY'nOI"

Cock.

for the

vtto

to.

crKaXiSpig.

v.

yevem

to.

Cf.

rcov

6 BpvoKoXdnTrji,

Hesych.

KA'PYAOI, KAPY'AAAOI, Hesych.

KA'P4>YP0I'

ol peoa-aoi,

KAIANAH'PION'
reading

is

KopuSos.

s. v.

very doubtful word; an

remarkable

of three varieties, of which

bird,

one bleats

Full description

like a goat,

in

and the

third barks

Ael. xvii. 33, 38.

s.

bird

KarapdKTTis (Arist., Codd.

;

It

is

not

Med. Vatic,

&c.).

An

the references to which are so discordant as to

suggest that the meaning was early

lost, if

ever applied to an actual species.

It

of the

emended

by Gesner.

KATAPPA'KTHI,

unknown

Cf. ^vXokottos.

Vide

Hesych.

like a frog,

dog.

identified

'Am/cot

Kdcrw- dijplov (Schmidt).

one croaks
a

01

Hesych.

IktIvos,

KA'iniOI "OPNII.

like

aXeKTpvovcov, ovs KciXXavas

x^'^^'i>''fs-

is

indeed the

the

'

name was

Cormorant,' "p^,

LXX.

Mentioned in Ar. Av.

Eagle and to the Harpies

886.
(cf.

In Soph.

frr.

344, 641, applied to the

Hesych.), as KaTappaKTrjp

is

to KipKos, Lye.

KAAANAPOI KATPEYZ
KATAPPAKTHI

{continued).

In Aristotle, said to be a sea-bird, but not web-footed: mentioned

169.

as

o'pi/tf iroTuiJLioi,

H. A.

Arist.
12,

75

615 opvis

^adv,

Aristoph. H. A. Epit.

ii.

17,

(r\i(^('iTTovs'

xpo^o"

fJLfvei

509 tov

From

^^'^

(fi

a-Tofiaxov

and

24,

i.

BnKaa-aio^, ib.

23.

i.

evpvu Knl nXnrvv o\ov.

i)(ii

Ib. ix.

pev nfpl 6d\aTTav, orav de Kndj] avrov

fXaTTOva

oaov TtXedpov SieX^oi

rj

eori

ris'

8'

fis

to

'{Karrov

mention in ii. 17, between

Aubert and Wimmer
identify KarappdKTrjs with Podiceps auritus, the Eared Grebe, Mod. Gk.
KapnnaTaiKiov (Erh. p. 48) Sundevall, on the other hand, with the Little
Cormorant, F/ia/acrocorax or Graculus pygmaeiis (vide koXoios, j3).
iepoKos.

(r;(i^on-oSa

TO.

account and from

this

(cort'y)

and ra

its

(jTfyavoiroda {Xcipns),

Neither of these birds, however, suggests by its habits the name

and neither is white in colour, so that they at least conflict
with the following excerpt from Dion. De Avib. ii. 2 as oi rav Xdpoiv eXda-

KnTappuKTt]s

(Tovfs, Icrxvpos 6e Kcii tijv

Trpoadpoios

fls

drjpSxTt

to the

same author

tois aKone\ois Kai tois

22) aaviaiv flKovas iinypd^avTis Ixdvoav

(iii.

avv opprj yap ws eni Tiva KUTanTdvTes IxQvv

Tovs KUTappdKTas'

TTfpipprjyvwTai

XevKos, Ka\ tols ras (pdaaas avaipni'triv iepa^i

Further, a fabulous account of the breeding-habits.

alyiaXols ecpiCdvei.

According

xp(>('-''

tov ttovtov oia mnTcov otcrerat

These accounts are usually

aaviai Ka) diacjidflpovTai.

Ta'is

applied to the Gannet or Solan Goose, Si//a basscuia (cf

Acad. Stockh.,
is

vii.

1786, Schneid. in Arist. vol.

ii.

Oedmann,

p. 88)

incompatible with such an identification, and the bird

The account

of Greece.

in

Piin. x. (44) 51

includes the story of the Birds of Diomede,

rwv jBap^dpaf KecpaXds, Arist.

vide

s.

De

ot

not a native

KaTapdaaovdiv

Mirab. 79, 836 a;

who

modern

followed in

is

cf.

Ael.

i.

els tcis

and

I,

ornithological nomenclature and

by the lexicographers,

identified KaTappaKTTjs

catarrJiactes, L., a bird

which does not occur

An unknown

KATPEY'I.

Cleitarch.

fr.

el

fiovs e'xei'

opj3pov

8e

Mediterranean.

23 fieyedos Trpos tov

Tau>v' to.

aptipdybco Kai opwv p,ev ciXXcos, ovk oiBns

ds ae

dni8oi, ipe'is Kivvd&apiv to oppa, k.t.X.

Nonn. Dion.

69.

with the Skua, Lestris

in the

or mystical bird.

18, ap. Ael. xvii.

t5)V TTTepMV eoiKe

i.

is

wholly fabulous, and

V. epwSio's.

Gesner,

XV.

is

Act.

but the size

^ai'do(f)vr]S

xxvi.

206 KUTpevs

Xiyv(f>a>vos'

S'

o'iovs

de

Cf. Strabo,

eaaopevoio npoOeam.^ei

diro ^Xecfidpwv 8e oi

uiyXr]

uKpa

o(j)6aX-

j^utrti/

irepneTat, up-

6pivfjat.

jSoXatj

Xiyaiiayv,

avTippoTros

i]ovs.

TToXXdKi

TjvepoevTOS

crvvdpovos oipioivos nvenXeKe yevrova poXni^v

yecrai KSKaapevos'

rj

Tdxn

peXnopevov KaTprjOS

(f)alt]S,

opOpiov aloXobeipov dri^ova Kcopov

vnep SeVSpoto

(poiviKeats nrepv-

edoiov

vpvov duovuiv,

v(paivei.v.

The description of the plumage in Aelian has suggested to some

commentators the Manal or Impeyan Pheasant, Lophopiis iinpeyanus
(cf. Val. Ball, Ind. Antiq., xiv. 305, 1885), which bird is very possibly

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

76

KATPEYI

{continued).

meant by the partridge larger than a

the dXeKTpvofes-

with that bird

vulture, Strabo, xv.

of Ael. xvi. 2

fxeyia-rai

precluded by the comparison of

is

i,

73,

and by

but the identification of Karpevs

voice with the

its

Nightingale's, a statement which suggests comparison with Sk. kdtara,

The

melodious.

various accounts are

fabulous or mystical, and

all

The dypeus

always coupled with the equally mystical wpiwi'.

of Ael. viii. 24, though described as to yevos Kocravcfxiiv
the bird

is

KAY'AH

= Kdfai),

words as

Antim.

fr.

KAYKAAI'AZ,

J.

KauKiaXos,

= Ke0aXi7),
Greece

which

or

Anth. P.

Kava^-

Rhod.

vii.

bird,

1008

652.

Vide

opvis noios,

s.

ns

Tjire

H. A.

ii.

Kavrj^

navrjKas ttotcov

vv. ktju^, Kr\i.

Hcsych.

Kf/3Xij

Fringilla linaria, L., only occurs

17, Ael.

The meaning

is

xii. 3,

H. A.

Eubul.

Epit.

i.

fr.

22,

in

unknown.

43), KeyxP's' (Arist., Ael.

ii.

Ael.

Photius), Keyxpr] (Aristoph.

xiii.

25),

ap. Athen.
i.

ii.

28), Kepx^r],

Cf. also Kcpxa^, Kc'pKcos.

I\Iod.

Kestrel,

Naum.

UpaKi,

KipKivi(i

rare

(Heldr.).

avep.nyap.os

L.,

is

a permanent

but the Lesser Kestrel, F. cen-

summer migrant, is
commonest of Greek hawks cf. G, St. Hilaire

or F. thiniinculoides, Natt., a

in its season the

Bory de

Gk.

Falco tinnimcidus,

and not

resident in Greece,

Wimm.,

i.

very doubtful word.

Kfpxv/is (Aristoph.,

The Common

u.

tempting,

is

diving sea-bird.

42^"A\evTos ova anaide

during severe winters.

Kestrel-Hawk.

ap.

such

In Ar. Av. 303 usually translated Redpoll (from

(Arist.

Hesych.

chris,

63.

KauKidXr]?.

s.

Hesych.

rarely,

KepxvrjLs

Cf. Lyc.

Leon. Tar. 74

(iprv^,

e,

Eng. chough,

kaiitav,
ii.

2 (57), ap. Schol. in Apoll.

KEBAH'riYPII.

65

Fick,

of.

dX/nvpoj' vdcop.

e's

Euphor. 87

KErXPHl'Z

Dutch

Lith. kovas,

also

ktJu^:

a comparison with

Hesych.

'kdpos,

KE'APOZ-

Root unknown

5.

but unwarranted

bvTTTrjaiv

Apparently a Doric form of

KauT]^.

s.

Hippon.

KauT]s,

nal

0p/;ra)p

probably akin.

avyyevTjs, is

St.

Arist.

Vincent, More'e, Oiseaux, p. 29,

De

Gen., Introd. p. 28

pi.

Kriiper, op.

iii

ii,

cit., p.

Aub.
161

who says Ich habe im Jahre 1848 von

5-7 Uhr Morgens an dem Thore der Akropolis 14 Stiicke erlegt,

and Lindermayer,

ohne mich von der

p. 14,

Stelle

Derivation unknown.
Lat. viil'ium, miltius
cf.

Fr. cresserelle,

'

zu bewegen.'
L. and S. compare

but derive the

Ke'yxpoi, Keyxprjis

name from

O. F. quercerelle.

Scalig.

Kepx^ui,

'

with

hoarse

in Arist. p.

'

251

KATPEYI KEAEOZ
KErXPHII

{conti7iued).

Quercerellam vocant Franci, non corrupta voce, quasi Cenchrelait Ruellius, sed quasi Querquerellam
nam Querquerum, lamentabile, dixerunt veteres; semper enim stridet et

lellam, ut

The

queri videtur.

comme

Camus

ii. 17, 509 rrjS Koikins nvTrjs Ti e)(fi ofioinv npoXolBa.

(Cf.
284 Dieses Vogels Magen ist dem Kropf gleich und gar

p.

lb. vi.

ovv Ka\ rerrapa

Gen.

of.

petites taches

de petites graines.'

nicht fleischigt).

Si(T7rep

also old,

is

plumage couvert de

le

H. A.

Arist.

Gesner,

fiev

derivation from K^yxpos

257 'parce qu'elle a

p.

ii.

SS^b

TrXela-Ta

/cat

750 ndXia-ra

de

TTiuei T(hv

yap'^avvxav,

Kov pfTa

Trjs vTvapxovcrrjs

aXXa rerrapa to

f]

fj

S"

vyporris Koi

Cf.

the other hand, according to

KfyxpfjU, Ka\ TTOTOU

Mentioned

28

i.

17

H. A.

Aeh

ii.

559 V^ epvdpa eariv

wa

riKrei

p.6vr]

yap

(Tvp(f>vTos koi

rj

<f)ou'iKd.

cr)(e86v

594

3,

43 eVrl

noXXa Xiav

Plin. X. (27) $2.

(f)vXov

De

tovto koI

(iraKTos (rneppaTi-

TiKTei 8' ov8' avTrj

viii.

wVroi

tcov ynpip-ovvxcou.

lb. vi. 2,

Key)(p\s noXvyovov' fiovov

airfj depporrjTos.

TrXe'iarov.

tIktu

nXeiai.

Aristoph. H. A. Epit.

plXms.

iii,

I,

riKTei 8e

fj8ri,

On

UpiiKav 6 KaXdrai

niSev.

Se'errti

also in Ar. Av. 304, 589, 1181

Ael.

xii.

4.

One

of the

daughters of Pieros was transformed by the Muses into the bird

Keyxpis, Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib. c. 9.
In Aeh xiii. 25, Ktyxpis seems to refer to a different bird, being
mentioned as a dainty with a-vKaXk, and Kepxv^s is mentioned in
a similar way by EubuL ap. Athen. ii. 65 e.

Apparently a sort of wild duck or goose, Dion.

KErXPl'THI.
Avib.

iii.

KETPIZ" opviov

On

Upci^, 01 Se aXKvova,

Hesych.

the fabled metamorphosis of Ciris, Nisus, Pandion,

supra,

s.

KETZIA'

V.

dXidexos

KEAEO'I (MSS. have

Gk.

ii.

4,

The Green Woodpecker,

ktjXios, kuXios, koXlos).

vtridis, L. (a scarce bird in

H. A.

vide

Hesych.

504

has

feet like

Mod.

Greece, Lindermayer).

ireXfKdvos, rtnKXibdpa, 8ev8po(pdyos,

Arist.

&.C.,

cf also KTjpuXos, Kipis.

KiCTO-a, AaKcoves,

Picus

De

23.

Heldr.
lb. viii. 3,

i'v-y|^.

593 t6 peyedos

to Sf XP^P'^ x^'^P"* oXos" eVri 8e ^vXokottos acf)68pa, Kal

vepeTOi eVi Ta>v ^vXcov to. noXXd, cl)a)vi]V re fxeydXriv e'xei' yiveToi 8e pdXicrTa
6(Toi>

rpvycov,

nep\

U{XoTT6vvj]aov.

following

is

Koi KiXfos' 6 piv

Ka\ XijSvos,

The preceding

unmeaning or mystical

reference
lb. ix.

yap KeXeos napa rroTapov

Suid. opvfov Tax^TUTov.

niKe't

The

is
i,

Kal

as

accurate as the

609, 610

c/u'Xot

Xae86s

Xoxpni' noXepioi KfXfos

identification of

KeXw

with

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

78

KEAEOI

{continued).

Woodpecker

the Green
cf.

Schn.

The

in Arist., vol.

said to have been

is

iii.

bird KfXeoy figures, together with Xatof and others, in a very

mystical story of Boios, ap. Anton. Lib.

Celeus

name

also the

is

c. xix.

of a mystical king of Attica, in connexion

with the story of Ceres and Triptolemus

Woodpecker-myths

to

8puoKo\d7rTT)s

v.

Greg. Nazianz.

p.

cf.

Celeus and the Ceres-myth,

Pausan.

Symbolik

bird

(ed. 1836)

cf.

iv.

Hymn.

Horn.

Anton. Lib.

14;

152,

i.

MSS. have

KE'n4>0Z.

ii.

14, 38, 39,

i.

may be

in

ed.

48,

circumstance

this

Greek and Latin referred

Schol. ad
Mythogr. Vatic, i. 7. 8, iii. 7. 2
On other relations between
Gaisf., &c.

correlated with other

s.

given by Gesner,

first

p. 592.

Cer. 475
Ar. Ach. 48 ;
vide also Creuzer's
;

xix;

c.

368, 384.

An unknown

also Kifx^os, KiV^oy, yei^oy.

water-

usually, but without warrant, identified (after Schneider in

and Promt. Lips. 1786, p. 501) with the Stormy Petrel,

According to Hesych., identical with

Arist.,

Thalassid?-oma pelagica, L.

The accounts

K{\i.

and the name

are fabulous,

is

very probably

foreign.

H. A.

Arist.

3, 593 b, a sea-bird, mentioned with Xdpos- and

620 dXiaKovrai Ta> d(f)pca' KanTovcn yap alrov, Sio npoa-

viii.

lb. ix. 35,

aiOvLa.

palvovTfS 6qpevov(Tii>.
poi^ov

61VOS

o(fi.

pev aWrjv crupKO

;(ft

8e

ti)v

yivovrai

he

irioves.

evaybrj,-

Cf. Nic. Alexiph.

to Se TTvyaiov

165-169 a(pp6v

dopmpa ktt(})ov, k.t.X. See also Lyc. 76, 836, and

ad Lyc. 76 6i.t\iiaaiov opviov XapofiSes, oirep dpcpa (sc. d(f)p(o)
6i]paiaiv 01 TiatSfs Ta)v dAtecov,
According to the
Cf. also Suidas, s. v.
fTTfyKepaa-aio doov

Tzetz.

Pax 1067

Schol. in Ar.

dvai ttoXvv piv iv rois nrepols, oXiyou 6e iv toIs

Kpiadi.

De

ovopd^ovaiv'

to yap

v8o)p iiKpov Tols TToa\v inirp()((L Ka\ (rrjpaivd rots dXifvcriv iinTvx}av.

Feeds

Dion.

on small

Avib.

ii.

fish killed

10 iK r^y KovcpoTrjTos

by tunnies and dolphins

Arat. Prognost. 916 Kal nore Ka\

thunder.

dvTia peXXovToiv dvepwv elXr]ha (pipourai

Fr.

28

vi.

Symmach.

el8os opveov

a booby)

(Schol. Ar.

KovfpoTaTOV nepl

dvepov peTayeTai'
cf.

Ar.

'ivdfv

ti]V

LXX)

KEPATI*
to

cf.

Kopwvr],

sleeps seldom

Kerrcpoi,

cf.

ottot

Schol.

ei/'fitoi

Pax 1067)

p. 217.

hiaTpijSovTOi,

Ken(j)oi

Kal

Kovcpos

Tpr]pu>vis

Hence

afraid of

noTecovTai

See also Hesych.:

o

avdpooTTOs

Id.

see also Theophr.

ddXaaaav

XiyeTai o^vs

Pax 1067

(Schol. KaXe'iTai 8e koivms Xdpos, a gull).

(ed.

dXie'is

01

Plut.

Kn(f)Q)dfis,

vtto

ei;;(fpcoj

Ke7r(pos

912 w
Prov.

(i.

e.

Ke7r(f)e

vii.

22

Cic. Att. 13. 40.

Hesych.

Cf.

Lyc. 13 17.

avTUKXt]Tov Kepatda applied

Medea.

KE'PBEPOZ.

Mentioned as a bird-name

cf. S. V. XaeSo's.

in

Anton. Lib., Met.

c.

xix;

KEAEOZ KH=

79

Perhaps the Tree Creeper, Certhia familiar is, L.

KE'PeiOI.

Vide

Kt'iiroXoyos.

S. V.

H. A.

Arist.

bfv8pn, Koi

17,616 b dpvldiou niKpnv' to

ix.

fi(U rjdos Bpaa-us, Koi ocKel irepl

dpnro(f)uyos, rfjv 8f diavoiav ivfiioTos, koi ti)v (pcovrjv e;(fi

i'ari

\aiX7Tpdv,

The passage

contains several birds difficuh to identify.

tion of Kepdios suggests the

Tree Creeper, with which

The

descrip-

is

usually

it

identified (Belon, Sundevall, &c.), but KvinoXoyos is certainly the Creeper,

and the above description

synonym,
KE'PKAH-

Upa$, Hesych.

KEPKA'Z"

Kpe^ TO opvfov,

KEPKIGAArZ,
KEPKl'l"

infra

(For

Ael. xvi. 3

speak

to

of possible

Sk. roots,

Koi avTos diaaelfTai tov oppov, los noiovPTai ol KiyKXoi.

two

statements,

discrepaTnt

Common Mynah,

p.

Val. Ball,

is

it

Acridoiheres

religiosa, or allied species.

1882, p. 291

see

Temple,

Indian talking bird.

impatient of captivity, and gets

is

it

Hesych.

the size of a starling, particoloured, docile, and learns

is

discussion

An

cit.).

ipabios,

Hesych.

ei8os opveov,

KEPKl'nN,

Hesych.

KpKi0aXXis"

s.

not enough to reveal an indubitable

is

possible

trisiis,

name

tneibr]

Aehan refers to the

Mynah, Gracula

that

the Talking

Hind, sarak or shdrak

ib.

its

In spite of these

1885, p. 305;

cf.

Temple, Ind. Antiq.

Lassen, Ind. Alterth.

iii,

321 (1858).

KE'PKNOI-

iipa^,

rj

a\fKTpvoi)V,

An

KEPKOPil'NOI.

Hesych.

Indian bird, probably identical with

KcpKiui',

Ael. XV. 14.

KE'PKOI' oKeKTpvwv, Hesych.

KEPXNH'I.
KH'AAZ.

Vide

s.v. Keyxpriis.

An

Hind. Harge/a.

Cf.

See Val.

ioptilus argala, L.

Indian bird

the Adjutant, Lep-

Ball, Ind. Antiq. xiv. p. 305,

1885.

Ael. xvi. 4 TO peyedos TpnrXdaiov aTidos, koi to crTopa yfvvalov Sftrwr,

Koi

paKpa

arKeXr].

TO.

4>fpri K(opvKco,
f(TTi Te(pp6s,

KH'=.

Od.

XV.

e^d

Kal p.dXa anrj^es, Kal ttjv pev

aWrju

TTTikaxrlv

Tas 8e nrepvyai tiKpas (o^pos eVri.

An unknown
KT]ii|.

(pepa. 8e tov irpijyopeava koi fK(luoi> peyiaTou, Trpocrep.-

(fiSeypa Se

sea-bird.

Probably the same word as Kaua|,

In Hesych. KaKa, probably for koko, k^ku.

479

ai/rXo) S' ifdoviTi](rf

neaova ws

(tvaKirj Kr)^.

Cf. Schol. opveov

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

8o

KHE

{coniinuecP).

6ii\a(raiov TrapanXrjcriov ^eXtdovi,' eVioi He

Hesych.

Cf.

kt}^'

\apos kotu

Xdpop avrov \eyovcnv,

he n'lQviav.

o'l

Xeyerai 8e Kal Knvr]^, rives

'ATn'wi/a.

Kcii

a'ldviav a7To8i86aaiv' ol 6e Ktt(J)ov' oi 8e 8ii(f)poiTa dWi'jXoov.

Usually identified with the Gannet, Su/a bassana, L. (vide s. v.

does not occur, s^ve by the rarest chance, in
Among other more than dubious hypotheses, Netolicka
Greece.
KaTappaKTTjs), which

(Naturh. aus Homer,

p. 14),

with

whom

Buchholz, Korner, and others

whose

agree, suggests the Great Crested Grebe, Podiceps cristattis, L.,

cry

keck, keck.

is

KHPY'AOI,

s. v. kt]u|.)

Av. 300),

KTjpvXos, s. KeipvXos (Ar.

s.

Horn.),

(Cf.

s.

KipvXos (Hesych.).

sometimes applied

to the

KrjpvXXos (Eustath.

s.

ad

doubtful, perhaps foreign, word,

Halcyon, sometimes compared with

it.

Sundevall's identification of KrjpvXos with a second species which

occurs in Greece, Alcedo {Ceryle) rudis, the Smyrna Kingfisher,

is

quite untenable, the poetical

and dXKvav being opposed

The

to

and mythical use of both KrjpvXos

so concrete an interpretation.

suggested connexion with Lat. cocrukus (O. Keller, Lat.

Etym., 1893,

Alcman, 12

p. 15)

(20)

okKvovecrai norrjTai

^aXe
|

in equal

is

61},

degree improbable.

jSdXe KtjpvXos

e'irjv,

os t enl Kvnaros avdos Sfi

vjjXees fjTop e\a)i> aXinopCJivpos e'lapos opvis.

Cf.

S.

V.

dXnrop<}>upis.

Mosch.
viii. 3)

iii. 41 ov8e Toaov yXavKois ev\ Kvpaai. KrjpvXos a8ev.

593 b nepl t!]V ddXarrav Koi aXKvoiV Kal KrjpvXos. Ael.

Koi KrjpvXov TTodovvras aXXr^Xcav TrdXcii

23

(27),

Hesych.

sttI

tSiv

where

'icrp^ev.

avTOvs enifiepevai al dXKvnves

Cf. Antig. H. Mirab.

be the male kingfisher
cf. also

KaXovpevcov fxeuoTiTepvyluiv.

KrjpvXoi

KrjpvXos'

H. A.

48 aXKvoi/a
lb. VU. I7 KijpvXos Kal dXKvav

ojxcovvpoi Koi avtx^wi, Ka\ yrjpa ye Trapeipevovs

Trepuiyovaiv

Arist.
V.

is

("iparji'

said

opns

to

avvovaiaariKos,

aXKi'drn

Se

Tires

Tzetzes ad Lye. 387

Schol. Ar. Av., Schol. Theocr.
ad Horn. II. i. 558. In Clearch. ap. Athen. x. 332 E,
;

vii.

57

also

Eustath.

numbered among
and 6 rfj KpeKi

Tois upviOas Tovs TropeuSiacrra? KaXovjievovs, with Tpo-)(iXos

Mentioned also by Archilochus,

7rpoaep.(f)epf]s f'pa>8i6s.
xii.

9 KiyKXos

icive'l

8e Kal ra oiipala nrepdj uxrnepovv 6

fr.

napd

121 ap. Ael.

t(o

Ap)(i.X6xa>

Keipo).

Cf. infra

KijpvXos.

In Ar. Av. 299, usually written KeipvXos, as

S. v.

The names and

Kfipis

or Ciris

chius, the
I

if

from

CTTVOpYlXoS.

attributes of KrjpvXns are undoubtedly akin to those of

and

name

it

Kelpis

is

interesting to note that, according to

applies either to a

would place the legend of

dXKvcov

astronomic parable of Haliaetus and

and

hawk

KrjpvXos side

Ciris.

Vide

Hesy-

or to the Halcyon.

s.

by side with the

vv. dXideros, Kipis.

KH= KirKAOX
KH'Y"=.

(See also

s.

Lucian.

178

i.

said

In Dion.

KTjpvXos.

Sprjvovai Koi

Avib.

ii.

oKovaai

fiTre^o'/xei'at

rus m8iis

Ka\

bia<^6elp<)VTai,

8'

el

Kijukoj 8e

(ppovridas yap kcu reXevras

Tis'

d\Kvu)i',

and

identical with

applied rather to the female a\KVMi>'

7,

(Sopas

crvfx^ci'irj,

Apollod. 28, ad

aypaaraii.

male

to be the

(TivexS>s eneiTvovirai aiySyaiv.

KijiJ^

sea-bird.

kiYv^lv iinev

by Schol.

De

TOP appeva TeXevTrjaui

vv. Kaua|, Ki^f)

Babr. CXV. 2 Xdpon re rai

8l

KaTairavtiv p.eWoiev,

(fxavTJs

eya>,

fit'jT

Ki/ij^

liWos

p.r]T

Suidas,

Kal hv(TTV\i}p.nTa.

(rrjfidlvei

ei

Koi iroToii ttuvtus iiri irokv

fwa (whatever that may mean) mentions Ki^vKes as seabirds, together with d\Kv6vis and ofjSoVe?.
On the fable of Ceyx,
s.v. 'H/nf piva

Alcyone, &c., see Ovid.

Met.

xi.

269,

&c., &c.

Ceyx comes

Hercules and the Argonautic legends

relation with

into

Anton. Lib.

in

and the Hesiodic myth of Ceyx and Cycnus is of the same

may, I think, rest assured that ki]v^ was not originally
a concrete and specific bird-name, but a mystical term associated with
the Halcyon-myth (cf s. v. KT]puXos).
c.

xxvi

We

order.

KITKAOZ.

have KiyxXoi,

(]\ISS. of Arist.

Other forms

kIxXos, k(jxXos.

are KeyKkos, KiyKoXos Suid., KiyKXls, Etym. Mag.)

Cf. Sk. can-cala,

mobile (Burnouf, Diet. 237).

Wagtail, Motacilla

According

sp.

Suidas, also called KiXXoupos and

H. A.

Arist.

with

BdXaTTciv

593 b mentioned among the smaller aquatic birds

and Truyapyos is less than the latter, which is as large as

viii. 3,

CTxo''*'^^05

a thrush.

TraiTf?

6'

ovroi to ovpa'iov klvovctiv.

lb.

ix.

&>v Koi dvunrjpoi'

OKparrjS [cf.

De

615

Tiepl t'i]V

Xr)(^Sfj,

Tidaaao-

12,

TO fjBos Travovpyos kcu dvcrdijparos, orav be

jStoI.

Tvy^duei 8

TnTos.

and

to Hesychius, Photius,

o-eio-oTruyis (q-v.).

Gen.

ii.

99] yitp twv

OTTiadev e'aTiv.

Ael.
fJiT]8e

xii.

TTTrjvov ioTi arrdeves

rd KaTumi/j Kot 8id toito

(finai

Ka6 eavTOP 8vpdfievov uItov peoTTUtv (jvp.nXe^ai, iv tuIs liXXav

18iq

fxi)

8e tlkt(iv'

evdev Toi K(n tovs nra^ovs KlyKXovs eKaXovp al t<ov dypniKav napoifiiai

Menand. Thais 4,ap. Suid. and Phot. (4.132, Meineke)

Kivel 8
8'

ra ovpaid nrepd. Cf. Aristoph. in Antiar.

Ael.

I.

C.

Ota Trai^ovaL napdevoi

1257 KtyxXos TToXvTrXdyKTos

KXi^ofim, Theocr. v. 117

ap. Ael.

1.

C.

(2.

Autocr. in

e^ aKfiav, 8iaKLyKXi(Tov rjvTe KLyKXov.

955) ap. Ael.

Tympan.

c. d(r(f)vv

891) ap.

Cf. also Theogn.

Theogn. 303, npnuKiy-

also KiyKXoiidTav pvBpuv Aristoph.

Vide Hesych.

1.

(2.

oin KiyKXos aXXeTai.

also verb KiyKXl^o},

(cf.

KiyKXov Trrcoxdrepos).

fr.

997)

(2.

KiyKXoi, 'dpveov ttvkvoos ti}v ovpdv kivovv' a^'

ov Kai TO KiyKXi^eiv, o eari 8i.a(Tiea6ta' Tives 8e (7[e]t(T07rvyiSa.

Sundevall takes KiyKXos to be a Sandpiper, T7inga

seems, because

But

(jxoiv'CXos is

doubtless a

prefer to believe that KiyKXos

movement

is

much more

is

sp., chiefly,

and noticeable

in that bird

because of the statement as to

as

it

for the Wagtail, Motacilla.

also a Wagtail, firstly because the

characteristic

in the Sandpiper, secondly

name

than

its size,

and

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

H2
KITKAOI

iconthmed).

thirdly because of
in

asserted tameness in captivity.

its

Aelian, about

the

nest

ap.

(also

Phile,

492),

The statement

may

perhaps be

explained by the fact that, according to Kriiper, the Wagtails in Greece

all

summer

leave the plains in

M.

case of

same time

to breed, resorting to the hills, or in the

it

evident that allusions to

is

Ki'y/cXoy,

much

&c., are

enced by notions and superstitions connected with the bird

KITKPA'MAZ'
KI'KIPPOI,

Gk.

Hesych.

opvfov,

j.

KiKKos,

and

influ-

luy^-

Cf. KuxpaP'Os.

kikkt).

Cock and Hen, Hesych.

Mod.

Cf.

KOKKOpaS.

Also

KIKKA'BH.
Call.

fr.

An Owl.

Hesych.

KiKuj3os, kiku)3t]1's, KiKUfxog, KiTUfjiis,

Perhaps connected also with

318.

sub voce

Tas yXnvKas

KiKKofSav.

KiipT dyadr] KiKVfxis,

Cf. KovKovl3ayia,

Vide

s.v.

Ka\' Ofxripos Se " j^'aXxtSa kik\i](tkov(TI 6eoi,

and

kovkkos, the

k.t.X.

modern Athenian popular names

for

KOKKoPdpT].

yXau^, Hcsych.

KIKYMH'rZ"

ovtco (^avilv

w? Kn\Xina)(os,

T^eyovaiv' o6iP Kn\ KiKKajBas airas \eynv(nv, 01 he KiKViJ.i8ai,

yXav^.

KiKOfjiis.

KvfiipSis, s, kv13lv8is.

Lat. cianna (Festus).

Schol. ad Ar. Av. 262

'^

At the

inelanoccphala to the salt-marshes and lagoons.

Also

ib. KixufJUka'

yXaixa

qy. KiKup,i8a.

Cf. KlKKaPt).

KIAI'AI'

arpovdos aparjv, Hcsych.

KI'AAOYPOX.

perhaps
Fick,

i.

KINAI'AION.

On

Vide

527.

name

opvea,

KiXX-ovpos,

the root,

cf.

cf.

L. mota-ciUa,

Benfey's Zeitschr.

viii.

and

1892.

s.vv. KiyKXos, (reiCTOTruyig, creiaoupa.

for I'uyi Hesych., Phot.

23, Schol. in Theocr.

KINAAvJ'Ol'-

With

"Wagtail.

Kiy-K\-os.

ii.

Cf.

Dion.

De

Avib.

i.

17.

Hesych.

KINNA'MflMON "OPNEON.

Also KiwapoTioyos, Plin. X. (33) 50; cf.

The fabled Cinnamon Bird.
SoHn. (33) 46.
how the Arab merchants left pieces of flesh which
Herod, iii. 11 1
might break down by their weight the nests to which the birds carried
them, and in which the cinnamon was found. In Arist. H. A. ix. 13,
616, a variation of the same story, the nests being brought down with
Antig. H. Mirab. c. 49;
weighted aiTOws.
Cf. Ael. ii. 34, xvii. 21
;

De

Sindbad the Sailor, &c.

Sometimes confused with the Phoenix; cf. Claud. Epist. ii. 15 Venit
et extremo Phoenix longaevus ab Euro, Apportans unco cinnama
Phile

Pr.

An. 28

(27)

Plin.

xii.

(19) 42

rara pede; Ovid, Met. xv. 399; Stat. Silv.

ii.

6. 87.

KirKAOI KIPKOI
KINNYPI'AEI"
KINY'TIAOI-

Tct fjLiKpa

opviddpia,

xpaS/jtdy,

Hesych.

Hesych.

(Perhaps akin

Hesych.

Et.

6 \vxvos,

M.

fiSos

Kippis'

in

refer-

connexion with the solar symbolism

underlying the stories of Ciris,

Ciris-myth, s.v. Kippis

These

Hesych.

Cf. Kvpis, 6"A8a)vis,

important

ences are

Kl'PKH.

AlsO

npoias Se XeyeraL irapa Kvnpiois Klppis 6 ' AbavLS, nnpa AaKaicri

UpaKos.
Se,

to Kivvpoixai.)

very doubtful word.

Xvxvos, opveov, ^ "AScjvis AaKiOvfs,

Kl PII*

83

&c.

KrjpvXos,

De

Dion.

{s. Kippis),

poetic or mystical bird-name

the version of the

cf.

Avib.

14.

ii.

different from,

and

hostile

to, KipKOi.

Ae].

iv.

O'f'p'i'')

Tw

KipKOV, oi

pfXiacrrjs

aKka

yevei p.6vov,

ovofin, rrpos

kol

rrj

KipKrjv

ix&pos.

8e irpos

KipKrj

diacpepovra necpuipacrdov.

(fivaei

Cf.

ib. iv. 58.

Kl'PKOI.

Hawk

and mystical name

poetic

of Apollo

emblem.

in the

Mod. Gk.

In

Kestrel (Heldr.), vide

s.

KipKiveCt

is

XV. 525

87

xiii.

Tivacraopfvos

140 (cf

'ipr]^,

name

solar,

for the

v. Keyxprjis.

opvis, AnoXXavos ra^vs ayyeXos,

an emblem of swiftness, i\a<pp6TaTos TrfTfrjvwv, II. xxii. 139,
cf. Apoll. Rh. ii. 935, 0pp. Cyn. i. 282
KLpKos Tavafjcri
Trrepvyeiia-iv
usually as an enemy of the Dove, II. xxii.
xxi. 493), Od. XV. 526, cf Apoll. Rh. i. 1049 rjire KtpKovs
'

fj

coKUTTcra? ciyeXrjdov aTTorpeaaaxTL

to ^ap, /C0X0169,
usually, as in
TreXeiaSwr
oil

sacred

the

said to be a

In Homer, the bird of Apollo, de^ios

Od.
Od.

Hawk

for a

main an astronomical, perhaps

niXaai

ib.

hostile
4^^
Frequent in Aesch.,

543) 5^^5

iii.

'^*

>

and other small birds, II. xvii. 757.

Homer, an enemy of the Dove Suppl. 223

ia-p-bs

t^ecr^f,

KipKcov tcov oponrepcov (pojico, Pr.

V. 857

ws

fipKot TreXeiwi'

paKpav XeXetppevni (note in this passage the association with Egyptian

*E7ra0os-)

mentioned

phosing with

fTToyp-,

^alvovTi. SioTraXXei

connexion with the Tereus-myth, as metamor-

in

fr.

32, ap. Arist.

urepov

H. A.

KipKov Xendpyov

eagle, rrpos iaxdpav ^oijBov, Pers. 205

fitjTidos

49 b

eVo;//-

...

6?

Tjpi

piv

as a portent, pursuing an

Suppl. 60

cf.

otra

to? Tr]peias

olKTpds dXoxov, KipKT)XdTov T drjdovos.

H. A.

Arist.
dXwTTfKi
vii,

ix.
:

ix.

143, &c.

aegitJuis

cf.

36,

620 rpiros

tcov lepdKcop

[rw KpareL];

609b

ib. ix. I.

Wotton, De Difif. Anim.

In Plin. x. 8 circos occurs as an alternative reading for
circus as the name of a gem, similis accipitri, Piin.

TToXepios,

cf Ael.

V.

48, Phile, 704,

xxxvii. 10.

Mentioned as

hostile to the

Dove

also in Ael.

iii.

46, v. 50 01 8e n-epi-

arepai npos aircov ptv KXayyrjv Koi yvnmv dappovai, KipKotv 8e Koi aXiaeVcoi'
ovKiTL

to Tpvywv

to mice,

and

Batrach. 49.

a charm, Ael.

i.

to Kopwpi], ib. vi. 45

How

it

to KipKr], ib. iv. 5, 58

places chicory (niKpls) in

its

35, Phile, 722, or wild lettuce, aypia OpidaKiprj,

and

nest as

Geopon.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

84
KIPKOI

{contmued).

and is
with which it salves its eyes, Anatol. p. 297 (cf. 'i^pa^
by pomegranate-seed (potas crihr]v Konelaav), Ael. vi. 46, Phile, 637.
Used by fowlers, 0pp. Cyn. i. 64 airols eVi dpvfjio. awefjinopos ea-n-fTO

XV.

19,

I.

killed

KipKOi.

The

bird

not identifiable as a separate species, and

is

nized by Scaliger and others.

in

is

so recog-

Neither the brief note as to

its

size

a corrupt passage of the ninth book of the History of Animals, nor

mystical references to

the

and

Aristotle, Aelian,

indicated
poetical,

are

is

and

to prove
species.

attributes

that

the

in

name

The word

is

chiefly used in relation to TreXaa, or with reference

The attempts on

to Apollo.

hostilities

sufficient

any time a certain particular

at

and

alleged

its

Phile,

the part of commentators to assign KtpKos

based on the epithet Xenapyoi.

to a particular species are all

Hen

Sundevall suggests the

Thus

Harrier or Ringtail, Circus cyaJieus, of

while Belon and others of the older

by Camus, assigned the name to the Moor Buzzard
or Marsh Harrier, C. aertiginosies, which is only white beneath the
tail.
But the meaning of Xennpyos is in reality unknown it will not
bear using, nor is it likely to have been used, as a specific or diagnostic

which the male

is

blueish-grey

naturalists, followed

Cf. s.v. iruyapYos.

epithet.

The

are obviously mystical, though the

to KipKos

chief allusions

underlying symbolism, involving also the symbolic meanings of the

Hoopoe, the Dove, the Crow, the Fox, the Pomegranate, &c., is not
In this connexion, the passage in 0pp. Cyn. iii. 293-339
is important and suggestive, but I refrain from putting forward a tentawe have here enumerated five kinds
tive hypothesis as to its meaning
decipherable.

of XvKoi, of

which the

KiOKOS, \pvaios,

Ikt'ivos,

first

To^evrijp or ^ov66s, the next three are

is

and the

last Orjpevei enl nraKecraiv dpoicoi', i.e. is

Xayaxpvvos (the last two are called aK|jLoves, q- v.)

the last four are

all

also

names

of these five

names

or epithets of hawks.

Kl'PYAOI, Hesych., for KcipuXos, KTjpuXos.

Kl'ZZA,

KiTTa,

s.

L.

darius,

many

also Keiacra (Hesych.).

Mod. Gk.

dialectic

connected with
cf.

Sk.

kikt\

Jay, Garrulus glancf.

Ital.

Gazza, in

its

Perhaps one of the many bird-names

forms.
rt.

The

(Heldr.);

/ciVo-a

kak,

a Jackdaw,

to

cry,

with

quasi kik-Ja

which

Von

(v. Edl., p. 52);

Edlinger connects

O. H. G. /nh-aro, Germ. Haher, the Nutcracker.

See also

s.v.

Pd(7KlXXoS.

Ar. Av. 302, 1297; with ed. Supn/coiVto?. Arist.H. A. viii. 3, 592b
Plin. x.
persecuted by eXfos and ruycoXm?. (Cf. De Gen. iv. 6, 774 b
;

79

[60].)

fKaaTrjv

Arist.

yap

H.A.

ix.

13,

cos eliTflv ijpepai'

615

b,

616

(ptDPas pfrafiaXXeL nXeia-Tas (xa^'

aXXtjv a<piriai)' TtKTd 8e 7Tp\ ivvea oxj, TTOtetrat

KIPKOI KIXAH

KHZ A
8e

SS

[continued').

Tr]v

veoTTiav eVt

Bevdpcav fK rpixaiv Kni iploiv

Tci)v

makes a

acorns, orav 8 vnoXlncocriv ai ^ukavoi, dnoKpinrToiKra TafiuveTai.

617

a,

is

the size of l^o^opos, the Missel-Thrush.

garruHty

Its

Store of

lb. ix. 20,

ovt' dr]86v

Alexid. Thras.

(3,

ovT Tpvyora; Lyc. 1319

420 Mein.) XaXiarepnu ov

ti)v

XuKrjdpov Kiaanv

and

Kirrav,

imitative

De Sol. Anim. p. 973 C, Dion. De Avib. i. 18,

42 (59), Porph. De Abst. iii. 4; hence Kuraa^i^a, Poll. v. go. How
caught with a springe and bait of olive, Dion. De Avib. iii. 18.

faculty, Ael. vi. 19, Plut.

Plin. X.
it

is

Mentioned also

in

frr.

Antiph.

3.

Anaxand.

145,

Mnesim.

185,

3.

3.

570 (Meineke). According to Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib. c. 9, one of the

Emathides, daughters of Pierus, was metamorphosed into the bird Kiaaa^
cf.

Ovid, Met. v. 294, 663 Mart. Ep. xiv. 76 Pers. Prol.; Plin. x. 33,
Sundevall supposes the Magpie (which is very much rarer in Greece
;

than the Jay) to have been meant, but the description

which

better with the Jay,

called

still

much
now

tallies

The Magpie

name.

is

In Italian, gazza, chcca, cecca, pica, &c.,

(Heldr.).

KcipaKi'i^a

retains the

apply both to the Magpie and to the Jay, as very possibly KtVfra also
did in Greek. Pliny (x. 29) gives an accurate account of the Magpie,
describing
of

it

as a variety oi pica of recent advent to the neighbourhood

Rome.

KI'IIIPII, Suid., KiCTipcis,

bird.

Dor. Ktx'/M (Ar. Nub. 339, Epicharm. in Athen.

Kl'XAH.

An unknown

Hesych.

Thrush

generic term including

the

Tpixas, q. V.

The

with which ouzel

root

appears in

s.

Russ.

perhaps cognate.

is

iXicts

64

ii.

iXXds,

kwickzol,

Mod. Gk.

(68)).

i^oPopos,

thrush,

T^rjxXa.

Cf.

also ix^ci) icrxXa.

Mentioned in Od. xxii. 468 Kixkai TuwainTepoi. Homer is said to

have received a present of klxKhi for reciting a certain poem, hence
called 'ETTi/ctx^iSfy: Menaech. ap. Athen. ii. 65 b.
Description. Arist. H. A.
as Tivyapyoi,

and a

/x6Ta/3(jXXft 8e Koi

f]

little

viii.

3,

593

b,

ix.

617

22,

larger than iiaXaKOKpavevs.

kIxXt] to ;^pwjua* tov pkv

6epovs TToiKiXa ra nep\ tov avxeva

i(r;^ei'

TJjf

yap

b,

lb.

ix.

;^ft^&)i'o9

pevToi

is

yj/apd,

(pwvijv

tov Sf

ovdev fifTa-

This would suggest a confusion of species

Cf. Ael. xii. 28.
more variegated birds being Fieldfares and Redwings the latter

^dXXeL.

the

as large

49 B. 632 b

are said to occur in large flocks in Spring

alike

have departed by Summer.

norepou dKpiSes

Westing.

TJ8i6i>

eaTiv,

Builds in

*]

KixXni

Its
;

(v. d.

Miihle), though all

song alluded

to,

Ar. Ach. 11 16

Ar. Pax 531) &c.

a spray of myrtle, daXXov

fivpplvr]?,

or places one

charm, Ael. i. 35, Phile, De An. 723, Geopon. xv. I, 19,

cf. Fab. Aes. 194.
A different account, Arist. H. A.
Anatol. p. 298
vi. I, 559 "' ^^ KixXai veoTTidv fieu noiovvTai axmep al x^Xibdves e/c nrjXni
in the nest for a
:

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

86

KIXAH

{continued).

en\ Tols vyj^rjXoii rcoc devSpcoi',

acTT

ecfye^rjs

8e rroiovaiv aWfjXnLS Koi e)(o^ei'as,

Mynd.

restricted to the variety IWas, Alex.

avvayi\acrTiKr)v
fare,

which breeds only

L.,

in
(p.

vi. i) to

In Anth. Pal.

Thrush or the

latter

however

to the Anthology, vide

least,

s. v.

is

the

373, Mackail

ix.

Fieldfare,

The Missel-Thrush

K6aCTu<}>os.)

which

(For other references

a winter-migrant in Greece.

is

kui

indicate that the Fieldfare formerly nested

358) takes KixKr] to be either the

least in

at

riv

The Field-

Sundevall takes the above

Macedonia.

Greece or

65 a

ii.

Note.

Northern Europe,

in

only Thrush which nests in colonies.

passage (Arist. H. A.

similar account,

ap, Athen.

kcu veoTTfvcLP cos koi tus x^^'^^ovas.

flviii

T. pilaris,

axrnep opjxaOov vfOTTiav.

Blci ttju crvvf)(ei(iv

fivai

now

is,

at

the only species, except the Blackbird, which remains to breed in

Greece or Asia Minor.

Migration.

Arist.

H. A,

viii.

600

6,

(fycoXe'i,

i.

e.

hibernates.

Cf. Plin.

Sed plumam non amittunt

24 (35) Abeunt et merulae turdique.
nee occultantur visi saepe ibi quo hibernum pabulum petunt itaque

X.

in

Germania hyeme maxime

Varieties.

Arist.

H. A.

[i^o0dyo? Athen.]' cwtt]

oaov KiTTa
KoVruc^os-.

irtpa

inTiv.

nXXr;

8"

S'

turdi cernuntur.

ix. 20,

617 kix^wv

ovk eadtei aXX*

Tpi)(iis'

2,

300

as

362

2,

Cf.

[iXXaSn,

Athen.

Com.

in

(i, 12)

Kpea T opvidetn Kixi^au, Ar.

fj

avTij 8' o^ii (pdeyyerai, to 5e

Food: frequent

Telecl.

(i, 23),

(l, 10)

S' e'ltt] rpin'

ii.

65

peyeBos

ocroi/

Tv\d8a, Athen.],

s.

a.

Poets, oTrrat KixXai, Pher.

Pher.

dviij^paaToi kIxXqi,

Nub.

fiev l^of^opoi

l^bv Kn\ priTivriv, to 5e peytdos

Kohova-i Tipes iXiuda

i)v

e\a)(i(TT>] T ToiWcov Ka\ tjttov noiKiXr].

The Thrush

rj

339,

2,

316

and elsewhere frequent;

Com. 2, 674 (2, 8); f\nio(f)LXo(f)dyovs KixiiXas,

Epicharm. 281 L. ap. Athen. I.e., &c. &c.
Cf. Athen. ii. pp. 64, 65,
Geopon. xiv. 24, Colum. De R. R. viii. 10, Varro, De R. R. iii. 5, Pallad.
i. 26, Martial, Ep. xiii. 51, 92, Hor. Epist. i. 15, 41, Plin. x. 23 (30), &c.

KLxXai peXiTi pepiypevai, Plat.

Prescribed as a remedy for Pompey, and obtained from the

&c.

aviaries of Lucullus

hence the saying

Ei

pfj

AovkovXXos

iTpii(Pa, Ylopirrj'ios

Capture by traps
518 F, 620 B, ii. 204 B, 786 A.
and nets, Trayidas Kai vecpiXas, Athen. ii. 64: cf. Dion. De Avib. iii. 13,

OVK av fCw^> Plut.

Pallad.

xiii. 6,

i.

&c.

talking thrush, Plin.

Proverb and Fable.

pvpaivcovi, Aes.

KAA'rroi.

An

x. (42) 59.

Kcotjborfpoy KixXrjs,

KAAAAPO'PYrXOZ,
ei'Sos

iii.

220

alternative reading for TrXayyos, q. v.

Lat. clangunt aquilae, Carm.

KAOIii'N.

Eubul.

(5).

ki^Xi? eV

Fab. 194.

De

i.e. clapper-bill.

opveov,

Hesych.

Cf. KXayydCeiv,

Philom., &c.

name

Perhaps for

for jpoxiXos, Ael.

koXoiwv.

xii.

15.

KIXAH KOKKYs
KNinOAOTOX.

(jMSS. have also

The Tree Creeper,

H. A.

Arist.

viii. 3)

87

kvI^o'Kos, Kvi8o\6yos, kpltto'Koxos.)

Vide

Ccrthia familiaris, L.
'"^

593

Ke'p9tos.

s. v.

oaov aKnvBvWU,

fj-tyidos fMiKpos

ano8oei8i]s Koi KnTaariKTos' (pavel 8e piKpov.

rqif

8e xpoav

Kdl tovto ^vXokojtov.

fcrri 8e

(Mentioned at the end of the Hst of Woodpeckers.) Gloger, Sundevall,

Aubert u. Wimmer, and others, agree in the above identification.
The word is used by Nicander, ap. Anton. Lib. c. 14, as an epithet
or

synonym

KOKKO'AE-

of miroj,

c[.

v.

Hesych.

Kopa)vr],

An Owl = yXa^i, Hesych. Cf. kikkcxPt], also Mod. Gk.

and Calabr. KovKovjSayla, Neap, cucuveggm, Alban. kukuvatike, all
meaning the Little Owl, y\av^ also Mod. Gk. x^X^P'-""''']^> the

KOKKOBA'PH.

Tawny
Bikdlas

Owl, Sp. chucha

vide O. Keller, Lat. Etym. 1893, p. 11

from Wagner's Carm. Gr. Med. Aevi, the

cites,

Coray would read

KouKouPds.

and

for KOKKolSaprj, kokkoPot],

1.

form
for

KiKKalBt] (q. v.), KiKajSoY].

KOKKOBO'AZ "OPNII.
(Soph.

KOKKOePAY'lTHIKO'KKYE.

dXeKTpvaiv,

So^oKXei.

irapa

Eust.

opvis

Troto'y,

Hesych.
O. H. G. gaiih, Scot, gowk, &c.

Cf. Sk. kokilas, Lith. kiikuti,

The Cuckoo,

Mod. Gk.

CucuJus ca7iorus, L.

kovkkos.

Full Description and comparison with Upa^, Arist. H. A.

Its Cry, freq.

e.g. Hes.

Op.

D. 484

et

TOTrpuTov Tepirei re l3poTOvs

TTerdXoiiTi
I

vide

KOKKv^eiv

s. V.

rpeis, cf.

Dind. Thes.

ovSfis eapaKCv'

On

pdXiarn

S'

TrXeiffra

iv.

fKTpecpei.

yalav

Ar. Av. 507, Ran.

iv. c.

iv rais

1737 B, also L. and

Arist.

Tciiv (fia^atu

ivriKTfi 8e

Id.

Crowing Cock

of the

C.

1.

S., s. v.

kokku^.

veorrovs 8e KOKKvyos \eyovcnv ms

dW iv'une

6 Se riKrei pev, dX\' ov Tioirjcrdpevos UfOTTn'iv.

H. A.

Kul iv VTToXni8os
fivr]s

dpvo^ eV

eV anelpova

Ar. Ach. 59^ ixfiporovrjcrav pe KOKKvyes ye

rav fXarrovMV 6pvi6u>v

rfi

563, 564.

more frequently used

is still

dXcKxpuwi'.

Nesting and Breeding.

pev eV

vi. 7,

ripos kokkv^ KOKKvCei

Cf. Lye. 395 xoKKvya Kopna^ovra pa'^j/avpas crro/Sous'.

1379' ^3^4A''oU'.

I479, 44

900).

fr.

veoTTia.

Kcti

Koi aTTOKTiivaaa

29,

Kopv8ov

TiKTfi

eK^dXXei TO avrrjs

ix.

Kui

[17

ivTiKTfL

veoTTials
ttj

rrjs

Ti/cret 5'

X'ifJ'-<ih ^'^'

MOV.

Tpe(jiov(Ta]

oTav
koI

8ev8pov

rfj

S'

av^avTjrai

avrrjs.

iv
6

dnoXXwrai

Tp(f)ovaa 8l8o3<ti KaTa(j)aye'iv'

fj

oXiyaKiS ptp 8uo, ra 8e

vTToXai8os veoTTia'

618 a rUrfi pdXicrTa peu

TOV KOKKvyos vfOTTov drroSoKipd^dv ra

KoKKvyas Tovs iv

Kuracfinywv ra (pa to fKelvcou,

tij

Id.

(KnfTTfi

Knl

r^y )(Xaipl8os naXov-

tov KuKxvyos veoTTos,

ovrcos.
810.

tj

iv rais ra>v (])a^S>v

ol

Se X(yovaiv

yap to kuXov

De

Mirab.

'EXtKr] (?), iv rals vfoTriais tu>v (pdrroav

rj

3.

et'i'oi

830 b

rav

as
rov

Toi's

Tpvy<Jv(jiv

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

50

KOKKYH

{contmtied).

See also Arist. De Gen. iii. i, 750, Ael.

Dion. De Avib. i. 13, Plin. x. (9)

iVTiKTiiv.

PI.

18, 9,

ii.

Theophr. Caus.
De An. Pr.

10,

iii.

26, Phile,

xxiv.

species that builds

Ti

ykv'^i

nvro)V noppco

own

its

iv

Kni

nest

H. A.

Arist.

awoToixots neTpats.

vi. 7,

[lb. vi.

564

I'forreuei

559) hokkv^

I,

probably for kottv^oj].

The Cuckoo

is

said by Kriiper (p. 184) to lay in Greece chiefly in

the nest of Sylvia orphea, and also of the species of Saxicola.

Coccystes

glandarius, the Great Spotted Cuckoo, which also occurs in Greece,

(Mod. Gk.

Kpavos), lays in the nests of the

The repeated statement

Jackdaw, Magpie and Crow.

that kokkv^ lays in the nest of (pdrra or

inexplicable, unless such

(f)d\j/

is

a statement be of foreign origin and refer

some Oriental species a little light is perhaps thrown

upon the point by the circumstance that in certain Chinese legends
the Dove and the Cuckoo are confounded together: vide infra s. v.
originally to

This discrepancy deprives of all value the attempted

wihch are based on its being some bird in

irepio-Tepd.

identifications of vnoXats,

Common Cuckoo

whose nest the

Migration.

Arist.

dfpovs, TOV 8e
Koi

habitually lays

Tjj (poovfj

H. A.

)(^eiiJ.cova

vi.

7,

563 b

30 opaTat

Avib.

i.

KOKKV^

rjpos VTTnpxopei'ov

13 TTpaiTOi TU)V XoiTTWV

xxx

(i.

Arist.

p^iXP*-

Upa^ (Aes. Fab.

See also supra,

s.

vv.

H. A.

I041 C) kol KaQdmp

Halm).

198, ed.

cttov|/,

Other Myths and Legends.

Cf. Ael.

Dion.

De

vi. 7,

Tea

563

b, ix.

KoKKvyl
etrrelj/

49 B, 633.

(prjcriv

A'la-anros

eKfivovs coy earni

Cf. also Tzetz.

ad Lye. 395.

KipKos.

How Jupiter,

sought Hera on Mount Thornax

XV. 64

'2eipiov

\pSina

vno Kvva,

8'

to tap dyyeWutu.

epcoTcoVTi Toiis XfTTToi'S bpvidas, oTi (f^evyoiei) nvTOf,

figures

dXiyov xpo'^ov tov

k^^os eViroX^S'.

eh dvaToXds

TTTrjiiaiv rjpHv

Metamorphosis with the Hawk,

cf.

see also

/Li6Tn/3dXXet to

[oi] aa(f)ripi((i, orav p-fXkr) dcpavi^eadai' d(pavL^(Tai

Cf. Plut. Arat.

TioTe

eV

(fxaperai

49 E, 633

lb. ix.

a(f)avi^{Tat.

(pavepos Se yivfTat mro tov eapos ap^dp.evos

iii.

egg

its

TrdlTTTOS.

S. V.

and how

in the

shape of a Cuckoo,

cuckoo
on Hera's sceptre, Pausan. ii. 17, 4: cf. Schol. ad Theocr,
hence the mountain was called opos KoKKvymv, Pausan. ii. 36, 1

Creuzer,

D. Myth.

Symb.

p. 646,

iii.

248

cf.

for this reason the

also the Teutonic GaucJisbe7-g,

Grimm,

&c.

From its propinquity to Sparta, and from the circumstance of the

Cuckoo having come in a cloud, Creuzer (1. c.) conjectures an allusion
to the same story in Ar. Av. 814; cf. also the weather prophecy in
Hesiod,

How

1.

c.

the

Cuckoo was king over Egypt and Phoenicia, Ar. Av. 504.
we have evidence of a confusion with the

In these latter statements

KOKKYE
KOKKYH

KOAOIOI

{coiitimied).

Hoopoe, vide

s.

vv.

KouKOu4)a

67roi|/,

for the

Cuckoo and the Hoopoe, Der Kuckuk und

On

89

the mythology of the Cuckoo, see also {mt.

Zeitsch.

f.

Myth.

d.

Folk-lore Record,

How

iii.

pt.

pp. 209-298
ii

Grimm.

1.

c.

Von Mannhardt,

al.)

Hardy, Pop. Hist, of the Cuckoo,

Hopf, Orakelthicre,

between the

relations

sein Kiister, v.

p. 152.

Amphisbaena, alone among serpents, appears before the

Cuckoo is heard, i.e. in early spring, Plin. xxx. (10) 25; a magic
remedy for fleas, Plin. 1. c. a Cuckoo in a hare-skin, a remedy for
sleeplessness, Plin. xxx. (15) 48
the Cuckoo as food, Plin. x. 9; cf.
Arist. H. A. vi. 7, 564 (spurious passage).
the

KO'AAPII.

Vide

KOAAYPl'flN,
Arist.

Kara

s.

KciXapis.

KopvW'im',

H. A.

^(iifxatva

S. v.

ix.

23,

fidXiara.

An

Hesjxh.

undetermined

617 b ra avra (a6Ui rw

a

Is of

bird.

KOTTv(p(p

aXlaKerai Se

with kottv^os, ndpSaXos, fJ-dXaKOKpavevS,

size

xXapi'cov.

Belon's unsupported hypothesis of the Sluike

handed down

in

modern

the

scientific

(Observ.

ii.

98)

is

name of Lmihis coUiirio.

(Hist. Des Ois. ii. p. 70) that

quoted by Camus, ii. p. 238, says

Mod. Gk. the Shrike is called KoXXvplcov
there is no recent
evidence of this.
Gloger suggests with more probability, Tu^dits
BufiTon,
in

pihifis, L., the Fieldfare,

KOAOIO'I,

The Jackdaw. Corvus

a.

jMod. Gk.

AcoXoto'?,

KaXoiaKov8a.

opdrai iv AXe^avSpfia

?nonedula, L.

Hcsych.

also, KoXoioi'

KoXoiaiv,

Frequent

in

\opviov\

6 ov

Tuxn

CTKonres, piKpiu KopSivai.

II. xvi. 583

xvii. 755 '^opaiv vecpos epxerai rje
In regard to the Jackdaw's cry, cf. Pind. N.

Antip. Sid. 47 KoXoiav Kpa>yp6s

the verb KoXoidco, Poll. v. 89.

Root very doubtful.

KoXoios'

J. Poll. vi.

3,

o^Aoi' KfKXtjyovTfs.

143 (78) koXoioI Kpayirai

13 koXoiovs KXa^fiv

hence

Aristophanes; Av. passim, Ach. 875, Vesp. 129, Eq.

1020, &c.
Arist.

H. A.

ix.

24,

617 b

('Idrj

rpia'

KopaKias, Xukos, Pw|j.oX6xos,

q. v.

509 Tu iTpos Ti]v KoiXiav re'ivov exei evpv Ka\ nXarv. Its claws
are weaker than those of bpvoKoXaTTrrjs, ib. ix. 9, 614 (here Schneider,
De
followed by Sundevall, would read for koXoiwv, koXiuiv s. KfXtcbv).
lb.

ii.

Gen.

17,

iii.

6,

756 b

17

toIs pvyxeai els aXXrjXa Kuivcovia dijXou enl

rav ridaaevo-

fiivav KoXoiiiv.

How
into

the Jackdaw, a victim to sociality,

which,

looking

at

his

own

ix. 393 b, Dion. De Avib. iii. 19.

baited with an olive, Dion. ib. iii. 18.

Athen.

weather-prophet,

oi

is

caught with a dish of

oil,

Ael. iv. 30,

he falls
Caught also with springes

reflection,

koXoio\ (k tuv v^a-av Trerop-tvoi toIs yecopyois-


A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

90
K0A0I02
(Tijfxf'iov

{continued).
aiixfiov K.a\ a4)opuis flalv, Arist. fr. 240,

dye\rj3a Koi lpr]K(T(7iv ofioiov

(f)aivofXi/oi

KOpa^ Se av

970.

Kopoovt]

Kokows

(cat

avcDTepw

De

Theophr.

cf.

8e KaraiTepa), Kpvp.iw

TTr]

Sign.

vi. i

pluviae graculus auctor aquae

W. H. Thompson's

How

the

ieruv 8r]\ovai, Arist. ap. Ael.

Lucret.

sign of rain,

Arat. Ph. 965

cf. ib.

v.

)((o

Ovid, Amor.

ii.

Vll.

6,

m]
7

34

1082.

koXoios ovroal aVw Kexrjvev

cf.

note on Plat. Phaed. 249 D.

the Jackdaws, destroying the grasshoppers' eggs, are cherished

by the Thessalians,

How

K.a\

Ar. Av. 50

In augury, frequent.

522.

deiXrjs u\lrias fl (f)deyyoiVTO yfiyLdvns

Arat. 1023, 1026

cf)dey^iiiJ.(voi,

KoXotoi 8e UpaKi^ovTts, kol nerofifvoi

f'afcrdai rivn Tnhrjp.'iav 8i8dcrKovai'

fjL(v

Daws
De

respect the compact, Ael. xvii. 16, Antig. Hist. Mir. 173 (189),

Mirab.

Arist.

Geopon.

and Lemnians, Ael. iii. 12, PHn. xi. 29.

Jackdaws to spare their crops, and how

Illyrians,

the Veneti bribe the

ii.

9,

On

841 b.

the construction of scare-crows,

cf.

xiv. 25.

a Jackdaw enamoured of a certain youth, Ael.

.Story of

The Jackdaw
laurel as a

i.

6, xii. ^y.

in medicine, Plin. xxix. (6) 36, xxx. (11) 30, &c.

remedy,

Plin.

viii.

Uses

27.

The Daws and the Husbandman, Babr. xxxiii. The Daw

borrowed plumes, ib. Ixxii
also koXoios koi yXav^, in Fab. Aes. ed.
Halm, 200 Phaedr. i. 3 cf. Luc. Apol. 4 koXows aXXoTpUns Trrepuls
dyiiXXerai
Hor. Ep. i. 3. 19, 20 moveat cornicula risum, Furtivis nudata
coloribus.
See also Aes. Fab. 201, 202, 398.
Proverb. koXoios napci koXoiov ICdvei, Arist. Rhet. i. II, 1371b; cf.
Fables.

in

Nic. Eth.

viii. 2, 1

(3) 382).

Of

KaK<ov navapia-re koXcicov,

155, &.c.

chatterers, noXXol yap pVfi

ar(p

Lucian, Fugit. 30

KaraKpa^ovai KoXoioi, Ar.

Eq. 1020.
KOAOIO'Z,

The

p.

Bonap.; vide
Arist.

H. A.

ix.

Little

s. v.

24,

Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax pyg7naeus,

KaTappdKTT]s.

617 b eWt

Kni ^pvyidv, o areyavoTTOVv ecrrlp.

hi Ka\

aXXo yevos

KoXoicov TTspt T^jv AvSiav

Is friendly with Xdpos (6 koX. koXows),

Ael. V. 48.

Sundevall ingeniously suggests the above interpretation, the large or

Common
H. A.

Cormorant,

viii. 3,

pi8as, &.C., is
Kopoji'r]

1^

'

corvo marino,' being

known

as Kopa^ (Arist.

Ar. Ach. 875 (883) vaaa-us, koXoiovs, aVrayas, (f)aXaquoted by Athen. ix. 395 E as a list of water-birds. Cf. s. v.

593 b).

0aXd(T(no9.

KOAOr<t>PYE' Tavaypaios aXiKTpvi>v, Hcsych.

In Hesych., supposed to be based on an ancient

KOAOKTPYJi'N.
error in

KOAYMBI'I,

s.

MS. Ravenn.

of Ar. Ran. 935, for KoX^KTpvova.

KoXvp^os (Ar. Ach.), KoXvfi^ds (Athen. 395

water-bird

especially a

Grebe.

e,

Anton. Lib.).

KOAOIOI KOPAE
KOAYMBII

{continued).

Ar. Av. 304, Ach. 875, brought to market from Boeotia.

among

the water-birds in Arist. H. A.

Mynd.

Athen.

in

395 d

ix.

I,

i.

viii.

487,

3,

\iiKpa KoXvfi^ls navrtov e\a)(i(rTr]

17

Mentioned
593b; Alex.
rav ivvbpav,

pvTTcpofiiXaiva ti)v xpotav Kn\ to pvyxos o^v e^ft; (JKeTTTOP re (lect. dub.) ra

Dion.

opparn, ra de noXXa KaradvfTai.

Dc Avib.

12

ii.

To'is

KoXvp^ois earlu

av vnvov X''^"' h '''po(prjS enl ti]v yr]v iXdouv,

24, capture of KoXvp^ls at night, with net and lantern.

del TO vrj^ecrdai (piXov, koi ov8'

K.T.X.

ib.

iii.

The above passage from

Alex. Mynd., so far as

is

it

intelligible, is

a good description of the Little Grebe or Dabchick, Podiccps

which

is

Arist.

De

common

Part.

iv.

resident in Greece

we

12

(Mod. Gk.

i/iinor, L.,

minute account of the Grebe's

find a

In

fdovrrjKTcipa).

foot,

but

without a name.

According to Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib. c. ix, one of the Emathides,

daughters of Pierus, was metamorphosed into the bird KoXvplias.

KO'MBA*

Kopoivrj, TlnXvppfjviot.,

KONTI'AOX-

eiBos opvtov,

may be connected

fj

HeS}xh.

oprv^,

Hesych.

that the

word

relate to the

game

It is possible

with kovtos, and that

it

may

of opTvyoKonia, or quail-tapping.

KOPAKI'AI,

Also KopaKiros (synonymous according to Hesych.).

Chough.

Pyrrhocorax alpmus, the Alpine Chough, and Frcgilus

Chough both found in Greece, the latter

Mod. Gk. KaXiaKov8a in Attica, KnpcovoTTovXi in

graculus, the Cornish

more

rarely.

Laconia (Heldr.).
Arist.

pvyxos.

KO'PAE,

H. A. ix. 24, 617 b. A

Hesych. 6 peXas KoXotoV,

The Raven. Corvus

a.

sort

oaov

of koXows'

^oiviko-

Kopdovr],

Kul KopaKiPos opoloii,

corax, L. Cf. Sk. kar-dvas, L. cor-vus,

Sw. kra-ka, O. N. hr'd-kr, A. S. hro-c, Eng. croiv, rook, O. N. hra-fn,

Eng. raven

same root

the

Kopa^ (Erh.).

Not

Dim.

Homer.

in

O. H. G.

in Kpa(^a, crcpure, rauais,

hnio/an, Ger. rufen, Eng. croak.

KopaKii/os, Ar.

Mod. Gk.
Eq. 1053

Kopa^, KopaKas, Kup-

KopaKio-Kos, Gloss.

Poet., frequent, with the idea of ravenous, carrion-

feeding, e.g. Aesch. Suppl. 751, Ag. 1473

ayKiipnt peya Belnpov d/ierpo/3u)if

Gk. Anthol.

(Jac.) iv. 179

Hence Prov. et? KopaKas, Ar.

Pax 500, 1221, Thesmoph. 1226, &c.,

KOyja/cttrcri.

Vesp. 51, 852, Nub. 123, 133, 789,

frequent
Arist. fr. 454, 1552 b, Plut. ix. 415, Lucian, Alex. 46 (2, 552)
cf. also
also in the comic fragments. See also the long note of Photius
;

Antisthenes ap. D. L.
Xpeiais, ils KopnKas

iaOlovaiv

cf.

fj

els

Pallad.

1,4 KpehTov (Xeye Kadd (f)i]iTiv 'Ekiitcov iv to'is

KoXaKas eKirecre'iv' 01 pev yap vtKpovs, ol be ^avTns

vi.

32,

Gk. Anthol.

iii.

121 p Kai X povov KopaKas

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

92

KOPAH

{continued).

With

XoiTTov T avTo Kopa^ ^a>fioX6)(os re m'lXa^.

KokaKdiv SiopiCd,

epithet

KvaWnrrepos, Eur. Andr. 862.

Arist.

Anatomical particulars.
l<T)(ypov

KCLi,

De

Part.

iv.

626b

I,

to puy;(os e^ei

aKKrjpov, Toii aTopd)(ov to npos tijv koiKuii' ti'lpov fvpv koi nXaTv,

XoXrjv irpos Toii ivTepois.

Breeding.
To'is

Arist. De Gen.

iii.

TO aropa piyvvaOai tovs KopaKas,

756 b

6,

pvyxeai npos aWrjXa Koiva>via

o;^fia oXiya/ci? oparat,

pev

77

TroXXciKij, eicrl

yap

Plin. x. (12) 15

cf,

8e

17

TLves oi Xeyovcri kcitu

;

De

Dion.

Avib.

i.

9 ov piyvvvTM TTpiv Tiva Tois drjXeiais (odi)v axrirep yafifjXiov -rrepiKpa^ai. Pair
for life, Athen. ix. 506. Lays four to five eggs, Arist. H. A. ix. 31, 618 b.

Incubates twenty days and expels the fledglings,

1.

Ael.

C.

Kopa^ 6

43

iii.

r'j8r]

yepcov OTiiv

eavTov avTo7s rrpordvei Tpocprjp,

Anim.

563

b.

cf PJin.

rpecpdv Tovs veoTTOis,

nuTepa

Se iadiovai tuv

ol

ib. vi. 6,

prj 8vvr]T(U

cf.

Phlle,

De

Pr. vi.

Habits.

H. A.

Mentioned

ix.

617

23,

among

Kara rroXeis eladoTa fidXicrra Cn^, Arist.

^ovXeTni 6e tmv op^pav
ii. 51.

to.

a mimic, Ael.

Is

b.

ov peTa(BdXXi tovs tottovs ov8e

jxipeiadai Tas aTayovas, ib. vi. 19.

H. A.

Arist.

ix.

23,

617

How

b.

(/)Q)Xeuei,

the Ravens pick out sheeps' eyes, Ar.

Av. 582.

Myth and Legend. How

Trept

there are never

in Egypt,

Tqv KaKovpvr]v Kotttov

Ael.

more than two Ravens

at Krannon in
18

vii.

De

in Pedasia in
Mirab. 126, 842 b, PHn. x. (12) 15
Caria, Arist. De Mirab. 137, 844 b.
In this last instance they inhabit
Perhaps the ndpaKis here were
the temple, and one has a white throat.

Thessaly, Arist.

priests or priestesses,

On

cf.

De

Porphyr.

Abst.

Griiter. p. 1087. 4,
p. 253,

iv.

&c.

16,

cf Montfaucon,

Herod,

ix.

31.

ii.

iv. 15.

The Raven

Diodor.

7,

cf.

62, Inscr.

Creuzer's Symbolik

p. 377,

Creuzer

&c.

i.

(i.

p.

i.

431) correlates

one of his incarnations as

in

(ii. p. 655) with that

perhaps, also cognate.

in turn this latter story

The Raven

of Odin

is,

as a messenger of Apollo.

Schol. Pind. P. 48 (28) tw

Uvdo) fS

v. p. 20,

myth of Brahma appearing

a Raven, and compares

i.

H. A.

Arist.

Hieronym. ad Laet.

Miinter ad Jul. Firmic.

the Indian

in

See also

ireXeia.

the nopaKes or Kopmia, as a grade in the Mithraic hierarchy,

Tjyaderjv koi p

p.iu

ap

ecppncrep 'ipy

Hesiod, fr. 125 (142) ap.

ayyeXos rjX6e Kopa^ Up?]S dno BaiTos
diSrjXa

^oijBco aKepa-f-Ki'ipr]

cf.

Ael.

47 'AiroXXavos Gepdnwv, with which cf famulum in Cat. Ixvi. 57,

Ellis's note see also Bianor iv in Gk. Anthol. ii. 142 ^oi^ov Xdrpis:

and

Ael.
ales,

i.

47, 48,

vii. 18,

Porph.

De

Abst.

iii.

5,

Stat. Silv.

ii.

4 Phoebeius

&c.

Hence with the laurel-emblem, on coins of Delphi. Hence

Petron. Sat. c.
Theb. iii. 506 comes obscurus tripodum

Stat.

delphicus ales.

also

122

KOPAE
KOPA=

93

{continued').

The legend of Coronis (Paus. ii. 26, 6), mother of Aesculapius the
raven sent for water by Apollo, and punished for dallying by the way
hence the raven, alone of birds, does not bring water to its young
Dion. De Avib. i. 9, Phil. De An. Pr. vi
cf. Callim. fr. nuper edit.,
Gompertz, Mitth. a. d. Rainersammlung, 1893, Kenyon, Class. Rev.
:

See further, Ael. i. 47; also Ovid, F. ii. 249, where

1893, p. 430.
Corvus in the same story appears as a constellation according to
Hyginus, Poet. Astron. c. xl, the raven waited to devour some ripening
figs, and the punishment of everlasting thirst is correlated with the
juxtaposition of the constellations Corvus and Crater, which latter the
Hydra guards (Ovid, F. ii. 243 Continuata loco tria sidera Corvus et
Anguis, Et medius Crater inter utrumque iacet). Hence Prov. Kopa^
v8pV(i, Hesych., Suid.
In the version of the same story in Ovid, Met.
ii, the raven was originally white (v. 536) Nam fuit haec quondam niveis
argentea pennis Ales, ut aequaret totas sine labe columbas a worldwide legend cf. Hygin. Fab. 202, Cower, Conf. Amant. iii, &c.
;

On

name Coronis

the

and

in Lazarus

It is skilled in

Cic. Divin.

i.

augury, Ael.

39, Ovid,

1,12, Hor. Car.

i.

iii.

Festus, 197,

c. 4,

connexion with Moon-symbolism,

in

cf.

Pott

Steintheil's Zeitschr., xiv. p. 18, 1S83.

Met.

17, Stat.

i.

48

cf.

Aes. Fab. 212, Plin.

534, Plaut. Aulul.

ii.

Theb.

iii.

x. (12), 15,

Id. Asin.

iv. 3, i,

506, Petron. Sat. 122, Valer.

ii.

Max.

(S:c.

How

ravens conducted Alexander to the Temple of Jupiter Ammon,

and subsequently gave warning of his death, Plut. V. Alex. c. 27.

How

the ravens flocked to Delphi, and despoiled the gifts of the

Athenians, before the Sicilian disaster, Pausan.

How
s. V.

ravens guided the Boeotians to the

of a

new

city,

Photius,

KopaKas.

c9

How

all

the ravens departed from Athens

the defeat of Medius at Pharsalus, Arist.

see Schneider in loc,
82,

x. 15, 5.

site

ix.

and ad Xen. Hellen.

and the Peloponnese on

618 b cf. Plin. x. 15

31,

ii.

3, 4,

further Diodor. xiv.

and Strab. xi. p. 591. Some similar incident seems to be alluded

Eq. 1052 dXX UpaKa (piXei, ^e^ivrjfxevos iv (ppetriv, os croi tjyaye

to in Ar.

avvbrjoai AaKedainoviav KopaKivovs.

How

in

Egypt the ravens beg of those

denied, cut the cordage, Ael.

Ael.

or

i.

35

fv^cofMOv

cf.

Phile, 727.

anepun, Ael.

ovos, Arist.

H. A.

Phile, 690.

ix. I,

ii.

48.

Detests
vi.

sailing

Places ciyvov in
rrjv

by
its

in boats,

and

if

nest as a charm,

ev^wp.ov Troav, Phile,

De An.

670,

Is hostile to Iktuos, ala-aXcov, Tiwpos,

46.

609b, Ael.

v. 48, Phile,

38S, 705,

and

to

;;^Xa)pei'f,

raven and an ass together on a coin of Mindaon, Imh.

BL, and

Kell., p. 32, pi. 24 (the constellation Corvus set shortly after

Cancer, with which latter the Ass is associated). The hare detests the

voice of the raven, Ael.

xiii.

11

(and the constellation Lepus sets soon

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

94
KOPAE

{continued).

The raven

after the rising of Corvus, as does also Taurus).

H. A.

to the fox, Arist.

the teeth black, Ael.

ix. I,

609

48, Phile,

i.

raven in medicine, Plin. xxix.

The

b.

De An.

The

Plin. xxix. (6) 34.

vi,

After killing a chameleon,

&c.

(4) 13,

friendly

is

raven's eggs dye the hair and

the raven uses a leaf of laurel as an antidote to the reptile's venom,

Plin. viii. (27) 41.

For an account of the various Raven-myths discussed

connexion

in

with the astronomic symbolism of the constellation Corvus, see Hygin.

Poet. Astron.

Fab.

xl,

p. i5i,Vitruv. ix. 7,
p.

Gentian,

ccii,

Ovid.

c.

Eratosthen.

xl,

c, Dupuis,

1.

c.

de tous

Oi'ig.

Theon.

xli,

les cultes, vi.

457,&c.

A "Weather-prophet. A

prophet of storm

KopuKcov Koi (piiXa Kokoiaivl vBaros

yeJ'eat

(^aivojxivoi ayeKrjha Koi IprjKeacriv Ofiola

Arat. 963-969 S^ wore Ka\

ip-)(Ofjievoio

Aios ndpa

0^ey|a/j.ei'oi

crrjp.'

eyefoiTO,

nore koL Kpco^avTf

fj

^apcij]

dicr(Ta.Ki

(f)aivf]

De

Theophr.

fxaKpov iTrippoi^evcn rivnacroyifVOL vrrepa irvKpa.

Sign.

vi.

I,

16 Kopa^

noWas nera^uWeiv

TOvTcav iav Ta)(v 81? (f)6ey^riTai kol inippoi^rjcrr] Ka\ rivd^rj

fXalas'

iiT

ovrav

Ka\ idv virSiV

fiaiveC

noWas

(vide Aratus,

arifiaivti

1.

c),

nrepa vScap

to.

arj-

(pcovas Koi (au (pdeipi^rjTni

/M7a,SaXX,r;

idv re evbins edv re vSaros ovtos

/cat

ara\ayfiovs vSoop

cf.

'.

elcodas (pcovds,

rrj

p.ip.TJTia

cf. ib. c.

olov

(f)u>vfj

Arist. ap. Ael.

7 Taxeas kol emrpoxois (pdeyyofievos Ka\ Kpovatv ras nrepvyas Koi Kporwv

vii.

avTaSjOri

Plut. Sol.
fair

(fiBiyyoivTO, ^^Lpcovos eaecrdai riva

fl

Anim.

weather:

Kopa^ 8e av Koi

earai Kareyva) irpMros.

;^;ft/na)'

6'^ias

beiXrjs

ii.

Arat. 1003 kol KopaKes

p.ovvo{ip.(i/'

(f)a)vt]s

e^rrXeiot.

cf.

513,

Geopon.

i.

6;

2,

the Georgics, the allusion

case,

is

'

ditr-

Aratus

Q. Smyrn.

cit. vi. 4, 1 3,

evidently to rooks, as
in

sign of

(BooavTes

epijfialoi

Plin. xviii. 87, Virg. G.

though more doubtfully,

with the Birds

nXeiorepoi, dye\r]86i> inrjv koltoio

Theophr. op.

3, 8,

i.

KoKoihs

SiddcrKovai

129 A, Nic. Ther. 406 and Schol., &c.

aaKis, avTcip fneiTa yay adpna KeKXrjyaiTes

fif8a)VTai

Kopinvrj koi

eViSij/xtai'

cf.

xii.

In

382, 410.

i.

perhaps also the

is

W. W.

Fowler,

'

Year

(3rd ed.), p. 234.

iii.
12, 519: cf De Color.
Cod. Rhod. Lect. Antiq. xvii. 1 1
though X(vk6s Kopa^ =
799 b
cygmis niger, an unheard-of thing, Anth. Pal. xi. 417 (Jac. iv. 130)

Varieties.White ravens, Arist. H. A.

6,

Tt

XfVKov 18(iv KopnKa

TTfipafeis'

Athen. 359
7Trr]i'ds

T ;(eXcovas

Nub. 133
According

see
(3,

also

Photius,

689) Outtov

vii.

202.

v.

s.

erju

evpeiv ^ doKifiov ptjropn KannaSoKrju

Juv. Sat.
to

Lucian, Epigr. 9

cf.

c.

of Cleinis, was metamorphosed into a white Raven.

depoKopal,

in

fabulous

KopaKas
KopaKas,

Schol. in Ar.

Cf. fable of Kopa^ koI kvkvos, Aes. 206.

Boios and Simmias, ap. Anton. Lib.

Egypt are smaller than

e$

X^vkovs

Greece, Arist. H. A.
variety,

viii.

Lucian, Yer.

xx, Lycias, son

The ravens

in

28, 606.

Hist.

i.

16.

Kopa|

KOPAE KOPYAAAOZ
KOPAH
in

95

{contmucd).

Athen. 353

and Kopa^

a,

Lucian Asin. 12

in

i/uKrepti^iis-

(ii.

581), for

cuKTiKopal, q.v.

On

Anthol.

Fable
142

ii.

Halm), 204
208

De

talking Ravens, Porph.

Fables.

Ael.

vii.

48,

ii.

Hon

cf.

Sat.

ii.

iii.

&c.

4, Plin. x. (43) 60,

and the stones, Bianor iv, in Gk.

Fox and Crow, Babr. "j"], Aes. (ed.

7.

5,

Tiy Tu>v deSiV, TiKVOV, auxrei,

Daw

Abst.

of the pitcher

56.

The Sick Raven, Babr.

rivos

yap vno

and Raven, Aes. 201.

Anthol.

Raven

97.

ii.

Raven and Serpent, Aes. 207:

irayiSos Kparrjdfis) and Hermes, Aes.

{vno

Pro v. KaKov KopuKos kqkou

ed. Leutsch

KO'PAE.

cf.

j3.

L.

W.

iii.

H. A.

Aes.

carlo, L.,

ii.

Gk.

cf.

205.

466,

p.

and P. graculus,

KaXir^aKOV.

viii. 3,

593 ^

TTeXopyoy, nXrjv ra (TKeXrj

Xpwfia p.i\as.

Ael.

Cormorant, Phalacrocorax
Gk.

IVIod.

Arist.

Paroem. Gr.
43
H. Thompson's Phaedrus, p. 132.
cpov,

78,

crov ^co/jlos ov;^ eavKrjdrj

"

KoXovpevos Kopa^ iarl to

eXiirrco,

e;^i

tmv

Kndi^ei Se ovtos eVi

peyfdos olov

fi(v

arfyavoTTOVs 8e Kal vfvaTLKns, to 8e

Kal veoTTivei evTavda fiovos

6ev8pci)i>

Ta>V TOlOVTOiV.

The Cormorant appears

various

in

Italian

as cortnoran,

dialects

corvo marin, corvastro, &c., the Little Cormorant (vide

as corvo vim-in piccolo,

and

in Venetia, corveto inarin,

\.

e.

s. v.

koXoios)

Sea-Jackdaw

(Giglioli).

The corvus aquaticus

apud Graecos nomen
the phalacrocorax,

Kopvtpos,

KO'POIAOI*

KO'PKOPA-

whence

KopuSos,

141,

Ahr.

Pint.

J.

De

Is.,

s.

338

tcov

Rutherford,

Schol. ad

(Euthyd. 291

D)

131, Arist. H. A. &c., Theocr.

New

x.

KopuSuc, Arist.

KopuGos,

KopuSaXXVj, Epich.

25
An. Pr. 683 ;
50, Babr. 88, Eubul. fr. ap.
;

De

KopOSaXis, Phile,

15;

TpnxiXav

Ar. Av. 472

iv.

Theocr.

ix.

Schol. ad Ar. Av. 303

defined as th

Cf. rpoxiXos.

&c., Galen, &c.

Kopu'SdXos,

Phryn., Arist. H. A.
cf.

Hesych.

KopuSos, Plato, Euthyd., Ar. Av. 302, 472,

KopuSaXXis, Simon. 68

KopuSaXXos,

for

Hesych.

opvis, Ilepyaioi,

Anaxandrides ap. Athen.

&c.,

According to Schn.,

Hesych.

bird,

|xeXaYK6pu<j)os.

opVLs ov Tives ^aaiXlaKov,

KOPY'AAAOZ.

vii.

ib. x. (48)

An unknown

KO'PA<t>OI.

xi. (37) 47, mentioned as bald (quibus

and therefore presumably identical with
68, must have been a different bird.

of Plin.

est inde),

cf.

Phryn.
StjXvkois

tovs KopvSovs.

KopuQdiv),
p.

H. A.

ix. i,

609,

Hesych. (a doubtful word,

426.

etprjKf

ttjv

&c.

On

cf.

Lob. Phryn.

the

KopvBov,

gender,
6

8e

cf.

n\dr(ov

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

g6

KOPYAAAOI

{continued).

Lark (from

Mod. Gk.

/C(i/jus').

ya\LOKiKahi

o-KopfiaXoy,

K0(iv^dK6^,

(Belon), and in Santorini crKovpiavKos (Bikdlas) qy. cr-Koupt[S]auXos-.

Description.

Arist.

H. A.

ix.

615 b ^ xt^tapU foriv

13,

tjXlkov

Kopv^os

49 B, 633 b fiTiydos, KouicTTiKos (i. e. bathes in the sand, like a hen)

viii. 16, 600a (paXfl: vi. I, 559 rUTfi tv rrj yfj, like the quail and the
ix.

partridge

ix. 8,

614 a

the cuckoo lays in

the owl,
(Plut.

ib.

of the lark

50

The

17.

iii.

Arist.

618 a

cf.

Ael.

De

Avib.

141 has aei^ov

vii.

cf.

Schneider

68

fr.

The

Varieties.

Arist.

Xpa>pa opoiov

h
tJ]

The

S.

eKpiva

f]na>v

and proverbs

^'

H. A.
fTfpa.

25, 617

ix.

b Suo

yev],

1)

cited

by

irepa eTriyfios Koi

/xeV

dyfXaia Koi ov anopas coawep

species

first

is

Mytli and Legend.

Arist.

avTov

Ib.

KKfTTTfi.

p^Xcopeu?.

ovk

"Kocfiov

e'x^')

the Crested Lark, Alatida cristata, L.,

Both species receive the name KopvbaKu^

KopvSoy Koi \if3vos kcu KeXeos.

to pevroi

sKelvjj,

(repa exovcra, to te peyedos eXnrTOv' Kni

Common

cdci

song was

Alciphr. Epist. 48 ov eycb r^r dxapi'arov

the other is the

a permanent resident in Greece
Alaiida a7vensis, L., a winter migrant (v.d. Miihle, p.

irinpa Ka\

and

uKavdiSfs,

lark's

in Arist. vol. iv. p. 128.

Xo(^o' fx^^^'^y

yap

by help of

or

opdoKopvSov] KaXflcrdui npos

[s.

KvKvcp dvvarai /copuSo? napmrKrjdiov a8(iv

ft

p. 49).

2,

iii.

/co/jvSoi kiu

Kopv8aX\a, surgeiite corydalo.

eveKa opdas Kopvbov

(adUriH

29,

fTri Trjs yrjs

mentions neither the singing nor the soaring

apparently not appreciated

Epigr.

is

crest referred to proverbially, Simon,

but Theocr.

eyfijiofiiva

(jywvrjs

which

91 E, 809 A, V. Timol. xxxvii, 253 E) naa-aKTiv KopvdaWia-iv xph

ii.

Xo0oi/ iyytvio-Bai.

X.

ix.

placed on the ground,

hiv^pov ol Kadl^ti a\X'

nest,

caught with bird-lime, Dion.

Is

30.

iii.

iirl

its

H. A.
ix.

I,

ix.

609 b

609 noXepia

in

610

I,

36,

Lark,

Lindermayer,

Mod. Gk. (Erhard).

koX

axoivlcov

(/)tXoi

6 TreXXos vroXe/xei Kopvdco, ra

TTOiKiXibes

Kal

K0pv8a)ves

Hostile also to anavBvXXk, Phile, 683, Ael.

Kal

iv.

5.

Uses the grass aypmcms as an amulet or protection, Ael. i. 35, as

does the Hoopoe, Phile, 724; whence the proverb iv KopvBov
Koirrj

aKoXir]

KeKpvnrai

manner, oak-leaves,
(TTreppnTi,

Diosc.

ii.

I'iypaxTTis,

Phile,

Phile, 662, Ael.

59, 796.

How

725.

Geopon.
Is

XV.

killed

I,

19.

Uses,

in

like

by mustard-seed, vdnvos

vi. 46; cf Galen, Theriac. i. 9, 943, &c.,

the lark led an Attic colony to Corone in

Messenia, and how Apollo, under the name KopvSos-, had a temple
and cured diseases there. Pans. iv. 34, 8. How the Lemnians honoured
the larks, rd

The

tSjv aTTeXdlSaiv evplcTKovTds (on kul KunrovTas, Plut.

story of the Lark

and

his Father,

TrdvTOJV TrpaTTjv opvida yeveadai,

npoTepav

Aesop

ii.

3^0 F.

Av. 471 KopvSuv

KoTreira voaa top Trurep

ap. Ar.

ttjs yrjs,

avTTJs dnodi/fjaKtiu' yrju 8' oiiK eivai, top de TtpoKe'iadai TvtpnTdlov' rrjv b

povcrav

vn dprjxnvias tov narep'

Story told in great detail of the

avTtjs iv ti] K(fiaXfi Karopv^at.

Hoopoe,

eVov^ 'Iv8ikvs (Ael.

aTto-

The same
N. A.

xvi. 5)

KOPYAAAOI KOPftNH
KOPYAAAOI

97

{continued).

with the statement that the Greeks probably transferred the legend to the
lark
is

vide

The

s.v. cttoij/.

legend, which probably includes a solar myth,

Connected with

very obscure.

Kopv8aX\i8es, Theocr.

vii.

is

it

probably the epithet

27, but the line in

Babrius

Ixxii.

eVirv/i/3iStni

20 KopvSaWoa

ovf Tticfiois irai^tav is spurious and unreliable (W. G. R.).

The ko/jvSoj
and (TToyj/' (both crested birds) are frequently confused the very word
Alauda is possibly an Eastern word for the Hoopoe, Arab, al hudhiid.
Cf. Plin. xi, 37 galerita appellata quondam, postea gallico (?) vocabulo
:

alauda.

name

Associated with the

The

Philoclees, Ar. Av. 1295.

resemblance between KopvdaXos and the name of

superficial

'Aprefits KopvdaXia (Athen. iv. 139)

and the other

may help

to explain^Apre/^is- 'AKoXavdis

similar epithets in Ar. Av. 870-877.

fabled metamorphosis, Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

dameia

is

transformed into a lark,

Fables.

Knpv8a\os

Koi yfapyos, lb.

els Trayrjv

aXovs, Aes. 209

2IO (F. 379, C. 42I, B.

KOPYAAin'N'

KopvSciXos

Very probably

identical

KopuSaXos.

s. v.

opvidos el8os,

The Crow,

K0Pi2''NH.

F. 228).

(c. 55,

88).

KOPY0i2'N, also KopucOeus' aXfKrpvwv, Hesych.

with KopuSdjc,

where Hippo-

c. 7,

eKopvaaero npos tus Lmvovs.

6Vi

Vide

Hesych.

KoXXupiwi/.

s. v.

Hooded

Corvtis corone, L., including also the

Mod. Gk.

Crow, C. comix, L.

Kopmva (Erh.), Kovpovva

(v. d.

M.).

Sometimes the Rook, which only appears in Greece during the

winter, and appears to have received no special name: vide s.v.
CTTTepp-oXoyos.

&c., v.

On

the confusion in Latin between corfiix, corvtis,

Wedgwood, Tr.

Fowler,

'

Soc, 1854, p. 107; also W. W.

Dim. Kopwi'iSeus, Cratin.
c. vii.

Philol.

Year with the

Birds,'

TlvX. 10.

First in Hes. Op. 747

Av. 609

ApoU. Rhod.

M"?
iii.

toi ecpe^ofxei/q Kpon^i] XaKtpv^a Kopudvq

928

cf.

Ar.

Arat. 950,

Described as frequenting cities, Arist. H. A. ix. 23, 617 b, not a migrant,

Fab. Aes. 415). No bigger in Egypt than in Greece, ib. viii. 28,

ib. (cf.

606

alimentary canal as in the Raven,

ib.

ii.

17,

504

frequent the sea-

shore, to feed on jettisoned carcases, being omnivorous,

Archil. 44, ap. Athen. 594

Breeding habits.

H. A.

VI,

8,

564

(xvKr]

Arist. De Gen.

iv. 6,

774b

riKTovaiv

593 b

ib. viii. 3,

neTpnirj ttoXXqs j^oaKovan Kopai'as

(jt(Xi]

fTTMa^ovcri 8e al 6i]Xfiai povcu, koI 8iaT(Xoiaiu

{?

rooks).

kui rvcpXd.

in

alrodv

oucrai 8ui navros' Tpe(j,oviTi 8' aircis ol uppeves Kop.'.^o:Tes rr^v Tpo(f)i]i' avrai^

Kai (JiTiCoi'Tes

ib. 6,

563 b

fiivav aiTL^ii TTapaTTfTop.ivrj.

tti

On

Tivn xi^'^^ov eTrt/neXeiTor kui yap

their

monogamous

habits,

i"i8t]

nfro-

mutual

affec-

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

9^
KOPiJNH

iii.

{continued).

and constancy, whence

tion

9 {i7ifra

weddings, vide Ael.

their invocation at

cit.).

Myth and Legend. Its proverbial longevity. Hes.

ii. p. 415 C (vvka TOi foiet yivta^ XuKepv^a Kopaivq,

Def.

Ar. Av. 609, Arat. 1023 iweaveipa

of.

Opp. Cyn.

crows' lives

117 aUro-

iii.

Cf. also Ar. Av. 967

(? TroXvKpco^oi) re Kopa>vai.
Babr. Fab. 46, 9 Kopavrjv tfvrepav dvanXrjaas, lived two
Automed. ix (Gk. Anthol. ii. 193) jBlov (cooire Kopavrjs
:

Lucill. xcvii (ib.

Anon.

ravaov i\dcf)ov xpdvov

el fitv ^f,s

49)

iii.

Kopa>vr]s

fje

680 (Meineke) vnep ras Kopmvas ^e^iaKas, &c.

4,

48, Horat. Car.

annosa comix; Martial,

17, 16

iii.

omnibus superstes, &c.

Auson.

Lucret.

v.

1083, Juv. x. 247, Ovid,

Plin.

67 cornicibus

Amor.

ii.

36.

6,

Id. xviii.

609,610: to aKavBvXXis, Ael.

friendly to epoBios, Arist.

Crows, Ael.
fTTi^ouXivd

ni.

9? v.

To'ts ao'is riis

Antiq.,

1882,

iv.

c, Ael.

1.

48 eVei 8e

to aero?

T]

fie

H. A.

De

KipKos, Ael. xv.

dadfvr).

Gubern.

Zool.

ix.

22;

Owls and

of the

koi

avrj] iroXefJiiov,

vvKrap

ravTo 8pa toito,

rjfxepav fKeivrjv

fj.e6'

yXavKa Tr^viKavra
87;

p.

and

The War

v. 48.

yXav^ icmv

Kopu>vT]s,

el8v7a exeif tijv oy\nv rqv

Ind.

Com.

See also
x.

Is hostile to ydXrj, yXnv^, SpxiKos, npicr^vs, Tviravos, Arist.

I,

Orac.

avbpaiv rj^avTOiv

T( (^vKa TroXv(a)oi

fVTCi

noKiai Kopavai

vii.

Kopdovr]

De

in Plut.
j

Cf. Jataka, p.

270

Myth.,

Vide

&c.

s. V. yXau^ for a discussion of the moon-symbolism of the latter bird,

and compare the Chinese expression of the Golden Crow and the
Jewelled Hare to signify the Sun and Moon. The same legend may
account for Athene's supposed enmity to the Crow, cf Ovid, Amor. ii.

6,

35 cornix invisa Minervae.

Uses dpiarepiov as a charm, Ael. i. 35 also pdp.vov,

725; and nfpi(TT(peuiva tov vtttiou, Geopon. XV. I, 19.

weather-prophet

Kpw^rj

Kal rpLTOv

of storm, Theophr. Sign.

x^i-f-^pi-n

<Tr]paiv(i

Tjcrvxa TTOiKiXXovaa [s. Kori'XXoutrn,

KopMVT]

1022

ib.

13,

Lucan

v.

Kai

Lob.]

Kal ivvidvfipn Kopaivrj

241, 1522 b, ap. Ael.

17,

a?>ova-n

Plut.

7,

a crow's

cf Ael.
is

foot, Plut.

The Crow
see also Ael.

in
iii.

De

Div.

A
i.

39 idv raxv
Arat. I002

/cat

KpaypJ v

wprj ev ecnrtph]

vvKrepov deioovaa

ii.

b\s

7roXv(jya>va

cf.

Arist.

ii.

1.

(Tr]p.aivi,

c, Virg. G.

i.

Koi

icnvepas

410, Geopon.

i.

fr.
iii.

koi

;(ft/xcoj'OS

2,

6,

portended when the fig-leaves are shaped

&c.
like

410 E.

9,

where a

De

solitary

Abst.

iii.

4,

crow is mentioned as an evil omen

the Arabs understood the language
;

crow on the left-hand

39, Plaut. Asin.

According

augury, seldom mentioned in Greek, save in Ar. Aves

according to Porph.
of crows.

3,

a^ovfra

674 B, Virg. G. i. 388, Hor. C.

a sign of fair weather, Theophr. vi. 4, 53

vii.

556;

bad summer

vi.

Pr.

Kopmvrj fwdev evdvs edv Kpd^rj Tpis, fvBiav

rj(Tvxalav

o\//e

De Am.

Phile,

ii.

i,

12,

unlucky, Virg. Eel.

is

&c.

ix. 15,

Cic.

cf Hopf, Orakelthiere, p. 115.

to Bent, Cyclades, 1885, p. 394, the inhabitants of Anti-

KOPiiNH

KOPnNH

99

{continued).

paros are called Kovpovvai by their neighbours in Paros, the reason

assigned being that

the former see a crow on the south side of

if

they are in terror.

tree,

How

a crow never enters the Acropolis

Athens, Arist.

at

324,

fr.

1532 b, Ael. V. 8, Apollon. viii, Plin. x. (12) 14. (This statement is

believed by some modern travellers, cf. Dr. Chandler, Trav. in Greece,

and may have a foundation in fact, due simply to the height

How a crow in P2gypt used to carry messages for King
Marres, and was honoured with a sepulchre, Ael. vi. 7. How a crow

c, xi. p.

of the

dies

54

hill.)

with the leavings of a wolf's dinner (!), Ael. vi. 46, Phile,
a brazen crow was found in the foundation of Coronea,
How the crows showed the grave of Hesiod, Paus. ix.
34, 5.

if it falls in

671.

How

Paus.

iv.

How the young crow leaves

38, 3.

The

the egg feet

first,

Dion.

heart eaten, to secure prophetic powers, Porph.

De

De Avib.

Abst.

i.

48

ii.

10.
(cf.

Upat).
It

was invoked

ydjiois fiTa to

weddings, Ael.

at

Vjxevaiov ti]V

avviovaiv enl naiSonoua Bitovres.

Kopo}i/as ^<oypa(f)oii(n [ol AlyinrTioL]

Kokelv, avvdrjua ofiovoias tovto to'h

Horap.

Cf.
:

9 aKovco de tovs irdXai Kal iv rols

iii.

Kopa>vr]v

Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 1876, p. 79.

TVjV A(ppo8iTriv ypdcfiovTei,

TOVTO TO ^wov 8vo

yevvTjar],

onep

wa

yfvva,

Cf. also

wv

a(f>

dXXa

fiexP'- ^c't'TOu,

p.6va

TTjaavTes olcovi^ovTai

oi

Horap.

i.

lippev Ka\ Brjkv yevvuaOai

8vo drjXvKa,

j)

filayeTai eTfpa Kopavrj, oiSe

oi)

8 r6i/"Apea koI

Ta ano^vyevTa diaTeXeZ

livOpumoL,

wr

fj,rjv

tj

8e'i.

to.

ix.

37j 4

o^

TTOTi^aWe

Cf. the

XiyovcTiv dyvoovvTes.
^^^fS' yevirjV 8i^r'jpifvos,

aXX

Tas

6r]\eui etepq Kopoofrj

816 Koi pia Kopavrf avvav-

avvrjVTrjKoTfs

xr^pevovTi

eVeiSai" Se

dpcrtviKo.

Ttjs

C^oi'

TOiavTTjs avTcbu opovo'ias X^P'** F^XP' ^^^ ^' "EXXj^i/ef iv to'is ydpois'
Kopi, Kopavt]'

860

ynfJiov 8e Srj'KovvTes,

8vo Kopuvas ^coypacpovaw, as liv8pa Ka\ yvvaiKn, enti

cnvaviats yiveTui, 8vo dpaeviKa,

6r]\eias ynfMrjaavTci

i.

regarding which statement, see Lauth,

8e

iKKopi,

Delphic Oracle ap. Pausan.

eVi Koi vvv

l(TTo[iorj'i

yipovTi

verjv

Kopa>vr]v,

The much-discussed words

iKKopi, Kopl, Kopoovj], or (Prov.) /cope, iKKopei

ii. 227, Leemans in Horap.

commentators on Pind. P. iii. 19, &c.). They are probably part of a Crow-song,' and very likely involve a corruption of
foreign words
ITIKOpl (which word includes the article) is said to be

Kopoovijv

are quite obscure

(cf.

Herm. Opusc.

p. 156, various

'

Coptic for a Crow or Daw.

Various uses of iKKopia, vnoKopl^opm, &c.,

same corruption cf. also the word-play on

the Crow-song next referred to.

are perhaps involved in the

Kopr), Kovpos,

On
viii.

&c., in

the Orow-song, Kopwuo-fia,

359 olSa

8e

$oti'iKa tijv

dyeipovTOiU

dv8pu>v

cos

TavTa'

'E(j6\o\

fj

X;(oj TTvpcov,

Trj

Kopcoi'?;
K. T.

X.

and

its

singers, Kopoji'io-Tai, see Athen.

KoXo^wi/tof lafi^OKOiov

Kopojcr; (cf.

Hesych.

S.

jjLVrjfiovtiovTa

Tivoav

V. Kopcoviarai), Ka\ XeyovTCOV

X^^P" T^pdaSoTe KpiBav, Trj ttoiSI tou 'AndWan'Os,

Ilgcu, Poct. Gr.

Mendicorum Spec,

in

Opusc.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

lOO
KOPflNH
Var.

{conlimicJ).

Phil.,

i.

p.

169

Fauriel, Chants de la Gr. Mod.,

See also

p. cix.

i.

s.v. x^^''^'^*''

Frequent in Fable,

e.g. Kopwvr] koi Kopa^ (the

prophesy), Fab. Aes, 202

Proverb
Ael.

Zenob.

The Nightingale

An

AAA'IIIOI.

'H

;(\i8a)'

ica\

92, Hesych., Suid.,

xii.

308

Ib. xii. 418, xiv.

vide

dTjSwi'.

s. v.

undetermined sea-bird.

66 ravvyXaxTcrol re Kopavai

V.

ytifirfKev.

that could not

213.

ib.

60, p. loi.

iv.

KOPfi'NH 'H AAYAI'AZ.

Od.

Anth. Pal.

KopMvrj a-Kopnlov [rjpnna-e].

vii. 7,

KOPn'NH

Crow

416.

KopodvT], ib.

cf.

dvovaa,

Koputvi] ^Adrjvd

elvahiai,

daXuaata epya

re

Trjaiv

he Kopaurjiriv 'UeXoi nepX vrja pfXaivav

oi

Kvfiaaiv e^cfyopeovTo.

Arrian. Peripl.
01)

C.

21 Xtipoi xai

aWvim

Ka\ Kopcbvat a\ Onkacra-iai to nXfidos

aTiidprjToi' ovToi oi opviOes depaTrevovaiu

fievoi TO. nrepci

anovhrj

Arat. Progn. 950

epxofJLei'ov

aKpovs

xepcTM

aii

ofj.j3povs
rjv

p-evT]

Kopiivr],

a>novs (K Kf(f>a\ris,

dia^pexovaa,
:

top

rj'iovi

eaaev

veuiv.

6aXdaaT]s /3e/3psy-

rrjS

veoiv.

\fifiaToi

irpovxovaj]
\

inreTV\j/e

npop.rjvvei

'A;^'^^^''^^'

eaneTovTai fs tup veav, nai paivovai tov

nov k(u XaKepv^a nap'

rj

nap' vSiop naxen Kpco^ovcra

Kecf)aXi)v

tou

eniiTa otto

KaTaTreTuvTai es tt]v BciXacrcrav'

6crrjp.epai

fj

rj

rj
\

kol fidXa nacra KoXt)/x/3a,

cf.

ndcra

Geopon.

vrjxofievrj,

Theophr. Sign.

Kifia KaTaKXv^ei v8o3p

nap'

ttov koX rtOTajio'io i^ai^raro fJ-expi

i.

3, 7 i^nl Kopcovr]

en alyuiXov

Tt)u

Kal vvktos acpodpoTspov Kpu^ovaa,

vi. I,

(Tiip,a'ivei'

noXXrj aTpefpeTUi

r)
|

16 Koprnvq en\ neTpas Kopvaao-

Ka\ KoXvfi^axra noXXaKis Kal nepi-

neTOfxevi] vdcop arjpaivei.

These passages, with which compare

Arist.

H. A.

viii.

593 b, and

3,

Ael. XV. 22, denote a dififerent bird altogether from Kopavrj, evidently

a swimming and diving bird, and not merely one frequenting the seaIt is neither a Xdpos
shore as the Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow do.

though identified with them by the Scholiast

Hesych. Kopmvai' aXuu aWvun, KoXvfil3i8es.
be another name for the Cormorant (vide s. v. Kopal, p) but

nor an aWvia (Arrian,

in

Od.

It

may

it is

v.

66, with

1.

c.)

whom

cf.

not safely identifiable.

It is

Tum

apparently such passages which are imitated

G.

in Virg.

i.

388

secum

cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce, Et sola in sicca

cf. Claud. De Bell. Gild. 492 Heu nimium segnes,

cauta qui mente notatis. Si revolant mergi, graditur si littore cornix.

spatiatur arena

Cf.

however the weather-prophecies

s.v. koXoios.

It is at

clear that in such passages the Latin poets were thinking

least pretty

more

of

what

they had read than of what they had seen.

KO'IKIKOI, KOTiKas, kottos, kottuXos.

KOCTKIKOI'

KUTTvXoL'

ol

KUTOIKlSiOI

opVlSeS.

KaTOlKLdiai opvfis.

The Common Fowl.

KOTLKaS'

dXeKTCOp,

Hesych.

KOTTOS'

OpViS.

KOPiiNH KOIIY<l>OI
KOIKIKOI

JOl

{continued).

These obscure words do not occur elsewhere, kotto? is said to be

connected with kottU, for a crest or top-knot, cf. Hesych. s. v. irpoKOTra
:

KOL OL ak(KTpv6v(^

KOTToi

Tov

Stct

eTtl

Tjj

X6(pov

Kecj)a}^f]

supra,

(cf.

S. V.

KaXXwi'). For koo-kikos, k6ttv\os, cf. Koacrixos, k6(t(tvcJ)os, K(')ttv(})os kotIkos,

on the other hand, suggests a corruption of KaroiKcis. Cf. Lob. Proll.
327 Schmidt ad Hesych. 3758, 3790.
:

Also

KO'ZIY<t>OI, a.

Athen.

Ar. Av, 306, 806, 1081

Kov|/iKos,

65 D, &c.;

ii.

The Blackbird, Turdus

Nicostr. ap.

Suid.

ko(/ukos,

Mod. Gk.

nierula, L.

Koravcpoi,

Koaa-vfpos,

KOTaV(pl, KOT^lCfiOS.

Description.

614 b

ix. 9,

ib.

Its

with

compared with the Woodpecker,

size

617

Xa'ios, ib. 19,

with rpixds,

21,617; with \f/cipos, ib. 26, 617 b.

Dion. De Avib. i. 27 8vo 8' eVrt

(poiviKoiv

617.

ra

fjifXavei, 01 8e Krjpai

mdas

eniTijBeioi

49 B, 632 b Tav

Koi TrjV

6opv^oo8S.

with Kvavos,

to puyx"?} ib. 29,

01

iravrr]

fifv

npbs ras

XfiXr; npocrtoiKoTes, Koi toov irepoav fi'iXXov

H.A.

viii.

Change of plumage,

16, 600, (pmXei.

ib.

S opviatv rroXXa fiernQaXk overt. Kara ras uipiii Kn\ ro xpSyfin

yap tm depei

}iiv

H. A.

Arist.
;

Koaaixfioyv' Koi

yevrj

olov 6 KOTTVCpOS CIVtI fJLeXaVOS ^avdoS' Koi TrjU

(f)U)Vl]V,

dWolav' iv

ex^i'

617

this is plainly the sexual difference.

Migration, Arist.
ix.

ib. 20,

Cf. Arist.

abei,

xii.

(f)(j)VI]V

KTX^l

Trarayel koi (pdeyyfrai

;^fi/ua)i'oy

1527b; Ael.

273,

fr.

tou 8e

Eustath.

28.

Hexaem.

cf. also Clem. Alex. Paedag. x, Plin. x. 28

30 e^ w8iKou KpaKTiKik
Merula ex nigra rufescit, canit aestate, hyeme balbutit, circa solstitium
mutat. Song referred to also, Ael. vi. 19 Theocr. Ep. iv. 10 elapivoi

p.

fie

Xiyv(})d6yyoiacv aoi8ais

Westing.

Arist. H. A.

uxevaiv noiKiXorpavXa

K6crav(f)0i

v. 13,

8\s riKTei 6 Koaavcfjos'

554

fieXr}.

ra

fiev ovt> Trpoira

TOV Koaavcjiov vno xeinaivos dnoXXvTai, npcoiaiTara yap rtVret tcop opvi.-v
6'

dnavrav, top
Arist.

H. A.

v<jT(pov tokov els TeXos fKTpe(fii

ix. 13,

616, builds a nest

"White Blackbirds on Cyllene. Arist. H. A.

15,

831b, Pausan.

Byz.

s.

&c.

albino blackbirds
Aristotle the fact

Mode

of capture.

together with

TTTepvycov'
I

85)

St'o-o-m?

e8v

vecfieXTjS

Tviova

x^

VTTo

still

Dion.

Avib.

X^^Pfi

fiia S'

De

Mirab.
Steph.

TrXaTavLffTCO

Frequently mentioned,

13.

iii.

(Gk. Anth. Jac.

vi

K6aav(pov dypevaas,

entKoiKvev lepos oppis

H-^" dvaiTT(v(ix<^i'

27.

fable.

De

the Anthology; Rhian.

Antip. Sid.

19, 617,

1.

Lindermayer (p. 30) white or

remarkably common on Cyllene, but in

avp KixXaiaip vnep ^payp.0'10

KLxXap

i.x.

Avib.

like ;^X(op/?.

according to

mixed with

kixXt], in

A(^i6viKos

t^eo

are
is

De

17, 3, Sostrat. ap. Ael. v. 27, Plin. x. 30,

viii.

V. KvXXi'jvr],

Dion.

cf.

Hned with hair and wool

Ixii

(ib.

ii.

8icox0eis

23)

63) opdpios (vn'XeKTOLo Xipov

ve(f)oei8ei koXtto)

Archias

231)
KaTCi

xxiii (ib.

ii.

K6(r(jv(pos rjepirjs koXttop

eV

Sicro-ui/

iniveia Koaavcfiov eiXe nciya

i.

eiXe

^poxi^ap a

Paul.

fitp fxin

Sil. Ixxii (lb. iv.

eixntae aip kixXj] Koaavcf)Oi

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

I02

KOZIYt>OI {continued).

Mentioned as a destructive

r]8v^6as.

^riSe Ka\

Anon. 416

bird,

Koacrvc^ov, rjvihe rucraovs

K<n

klx^tjv

(ib.

206)

iv.

apovpair]s

\//'fipa?,

apnayas

fitnopiTjs.

Myth and Legend. Arist. H.

with rpvyMv

Ael.

cf.

A.

608

ix. I,

b, hostile to xpe^, friendly

by pomegranate,

Is killed

vi. 46.

cf.

Phile,

De

An. Pr. 657.

KO'ZIY<S>OZ,

p.

Pausan.

ix.

breed of fowls
4 tovtodv

22,

eariv opvidas, xpo^ ^^

exovai T^s ovpas

KOTTO'Z.

Tanagra.

peydXa

KaWaia
iiri

[i.

re liKpa tco

ib.

KopwvolBoXe'iv,

cf.

s.

for a

Ducange

Fowl

KouKou^as,

Hoopoe.

Vide

s.

koi eVt uKpas

p.

280)

vii.

napa-

546; also

Among

the j\Iod.

are kottu and KOTraTTovXi.

vf.

koukou<J)os.

The Egyptian name for the

Anon. De Avibus (cit.
Gr., s. v. kou'kou4>os, Leemans

Cf. Lib. IMS.

v. Trov|/.

Gloss.

in

ad Horap.

Avbovs

roiis

kotto^oKc'iv, to

Anth. Pal.

Hcsych.

KOTTavapdpov, euda al opvidiS Koipavrai,

K0YK0Y'<J>A,

pdp.(f)ei.

Hence

Hesych.

e. dXfKTpvo)!'^

opviv,

Gk. names

Kara

ptev

8e Koi 6 Xocpos Kara avefiavrjv

cf. ib. viii. 17, 3.

'.

opvi^

TLva

Trjpe'iv

KopaKi,

fpL(f)pr]s

XevKo. 8e crrjpifia ov

fiaXiara.

at

tcov KocraiKpcov fxeyedns

IMed. et Inf.

opveov iv

eVoi//'

ciepi

neTopevoV

ovtos

KaAflrai

KOVKOV(pOS, Koi 7T0VTT0S.

Horapollo,

i.

55 AtyuTrriot ev)(npi(TTiav ypdcjiovTes KovKov(j)av

Stori TOVTO povov TUiv

aXoyav

fucoj/

aiv avTo'is rqv avTt]v dvTaTTohibaxn.

Giluiv

(TKijnTpaii'

X''/'*' (cf-

s.

v. k5kku|.

On

Ael.

X.

6)

.'

oOev kuX eVi rav

Cuckoo on Hera's
the Hoopoe on Egyptian sceptres

KovKovcpa TTpnTiprjais fori.

sceptre at Mycenae,

((x)ypn(})ovat,

infihav inro tuv yoveav exTpiKpij, yrjpdaa-

Cf. the

or staves, see Creuzer's Symbolik,

cxix.

8,

&c., &c.

ii. 64, 280, pi.

iv. 17;
Denon, PI.
For an account of the hieroglyphic symbol of the

Hoopoe, and an explanation of the statements of Horapollo, vide

d. Bayer. Akad. 1876, p. 106.
To the Egyptian
references given above, s.v. eTroij/, add the following fao(f)L^To [<Pavvos]
Lauth, in Sitzungsb.

TVHpa

Toh

AiyvTrriois, oIujvSdv t

\6yovi Kai iiroivav Trpoa-ayyeXuis k,u

XpepfTiapovs pa6u>v, Exc. Gr. Barbari,

"lttttoiv

Chron. Min., ed. Fick, 1893,

P- 239-

KOYPEY

Z'

bpvii Tvoios,

ano

tijV (f)6eyyecr6ai

fp(pepes

i]\cp

yvacpiKov pn)((iipLov,

Hesych.

KOYTI AEZ'
Xi6ay,

avKoXXides,

Hesych.

Hesych.

KPA'BOZ-

6 Xdpo9,

Hesych.

KPArrfl'N- Kiaaa, Hesych.

Cf. Kovrl^ia' biKTva ra npos ras avKoX-

KOIZY<t>OZ KYANOI

KPA'MBnTON'

KPAYro'l.

Hcsych.

to Caoi>,

Ikt'ivos

Woodpecker.

also Kpuvyov'

notos

dpvoKo^cmrov

Von

opvis.

KPE'E, also KcpKds (Hesych.).

by Sundevall and

Crex pratcnsis^
lost in Mod. Gk.

Herod,
Ar, Av.

ii.

1 1

is

compared

76,

38 joirox)^

S'

ftSof,

Edlinger

Hesych.

who has

kraki:

Lilh.

cites

cf.

very doubtful bird, usually identified,

others, with

Ralliis crex, L.,

The name

IO3

the

Corn-crake or Land-rail,

auctt.

= opTuyojxiqTpa ^ Kuxpajjios.

in size with the Ibis.

ervKi^ov ai KpeKes

Schol. in Ar,

pvyxeiriv.

to'ls

(Suid.) opviov bvcroi6dVi(TTOv tols ydp.ovcnv, o^v izavv to pvy)(Oi kol iTpiovcoBes

exoV.

Hesych. opveov

cf.

rt,

6 rots' ynp.ovcnv oloavi^erai'

As a bird

enl rpoxov [cf. luy^].

of evil ornen to the

Tacra-erai 8e

Koi

newly married,

Euphor. 4 (quoted by Tzetzes) ov 6' rjeia-e ydpov kokov x^'''H--^^ ^P^^^

A messenger of
513, where Helen is dvadpnnyos Kpe^.
Athene, Porph. De Abst. iii. 5.
cf.

and Lycophr.
Arist.

H. A.

ix. I,

yap avTovs

Kai

Kpe^

Tt]v 8e

De

nai

Arist.

H. A.

didvniav (Vfii])(avos

Part.

iv.

12,

TroXepios i\ecS kol KOTTv(f)cp Knt

to.

TeKva avTuyv.

aWvia: also Phile,

to

hostile

is

^paSvTTTepns.

609 b Kpe^

/SAaTTTei

In Ael.

De

17,

[/oc

dub.)

An. Pr. 681, with epithet

fie Kpe^ TO p.fv

616 b
npos top ^iov, aWcos Se KaKonoTiJios

ix.

)(\copici)vi

iv.

17

rjdos fJLi\ipos,

opvis.

Arist.

mentioned among the long-legged birds with

695,

a short hind-toe.
Kp6 has been identified, on account of

Machetes pugnax, L.; but the Ruffs

and, moreover,
unreliable,

in

pugnacitv with the Ruff,

From

main mythological.

the

rudimentary hind-toe, the Black-winged

was suggested

Bechst.

its

with one another

{ci. ^i^^vinv),

the accounts of mutual hostilities between birds are

all

and

fight

by Belon

first

a standard of comparison with the Ibis

the

size,

and the

Himajttopiis rnjipes,

Stilt,

use by Herodotus as
somewhat in favour of this

its

is

which is common in Egypt. The identification with the Corn-crake

mainly on the assumption that the name is onomatopoeic. The
facts that the Scholiasts knew little or nothing about the bird, and
that the name is lost in Mod. Gk., suggest that the word was perhaps
an exotic, and that its meaning was early lost.
bird,

rests

KPirH'-

i)

KPI'EI-

f}

xfAtSo)!/,

Kpt[8oi/]esj

KY'ANOI.

Hesych.

or Kpi[K]er,

Doubtless corrupt

Meineke suggests

Kpl^.

Probably the Wall-Creeper, Tichodroma ?niirana, L.

Arist.
rroifiTat

Hesych.

y\ai^,

H. A.

ix.

21,

617 fioKiaTa iv ^lavpo)

[eV

^Kvpa, Ael.] eari,

S eni tu>v TreTpS)VTas diaTpi^ds' to 8e fieyfOos KOTTv(pov

jj-iv

eXiiTTu.i>,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

I04

KYANOI

{continued).
ixfyakoTrovs Sc,

ani^ris be fiei^uiv fii<p(o'

Kvavovs oKos'

nina

npos ras nerpas

it pocrava^aivd..

kol jxaKpov, aKeXrj 6e jSpax^a

Ael,

iv.

59 pft^ aTvavdpunros tov Tponov,

oiKiav avXiVeu,
Tcis kut
ovre
.

aya^als' '2Kvpu) Se, Kai

ws

XTjpevovcra,

The

pucraiv

fiev

rai dariKcts 8iaotVe vrjaois

(^iXfjSet,

rjTreipois

tis Toiavrrj irepa I'lyav Xvjrpa kol tiyovos

e'l

avdpo)-

/cat

TToXXa.

tci

description in Aristotle accords very perfectly with the Wall-

Creeper (with which bird Gloger, Sundevall, and Heldreich identify

as regards habitat,
solitary nature

of

t>i

napofioia.

rpi^as KOI

TTuiv

Kcii

e^f XtTrrw

TO 8i pijy\os

its

but the bird

and

size, feet,

bill,

as does Aelian's account of

is

Aelian's account

Wimmer on

the other hand,

not kvuvovs oXos, nor

is

Aubert and

habitat satisfactory.

it)

its

and other older commentators, identify Kvavos

with the Blue Thrush (Mod. Gk. neTpoKoaavcfios, cf. infra, s. v. Xai6s)>
which agrees with the description in colour, but in little else, and is
a very common bird, whereas kCuvos is mentioned as scarce and local.

following Belon, Gesner,

An

KYKNI'AI.

Eagle,

Tantalus, Pausan.

white
viii.

like

swan,

Sipylus

at

near Lake

17, 3.

That Pausanias is here in error is rendered the more probable by

Med. Gk. of the words rCvKveas, rCvKveas, Mod. Gk.
TiTiKvtas, meaning a White Heron or Egret.
The White Eagle of Pythagoras (Iambi. Vit. Pythag. 132, Ael.
V. H. iv. 17) is supposed to be an allegory for the town of Croton,
on whose coins an eagle is represented cf. O. Keller, op. cit., pp. 238,
the existence in

431-

KY'KNOI.
ii.

p.

p. 94,

(Hesych. has also

379,

cf.

1883

Sk. ^ak-imi, a bird

ku'Sv'os.)

Fick in Herzenberger's
cf.

Gk. use of

the

Beitr. z. I.

Bopp,

Gr. Spr.,

opvi^ for the constellation

vii.

Cygnus

(Arat. 275, 599, 628, &c.).

Mod. Gk.

Swan.
KoiiXos

Greece
is

'tlJLep6(f)ai'os,

Id.

vp.vrjTt]p,

Eur.

cf.

Cyclades

in the

Gm., breeds

in

C. musiciis, Bechst.,

Heldr., op.

H. 316; ax^ra^ (=

cit.,

p. 56.

W'''''?^))

E^r. El.

A. 794 SouXixoS^ipoy, II. ii. 460, xv. 692;

Christod. Ecphr. 384, \iyv0poos, id. 414, in Gk. Anth.
Opp. Cyneg. ii. 547; p.e\a>86^, Eur, I. T. II04; Trord-

Rh. 618;

(?)

emblem

KvKvov

I,

7roXio;^pcoj,

Pallad. 40, in

frequent

TTOTuulov

and
olor,

Hooper or Whistling Swan,

aipamoTTi^, Hes. Sc.

ho\\.-)(avxr]v,

fiavTiTToXos,
p.ios,

(Heldr.),

probably only a winter migrant;

Epithets.

151;

the

kvkvos, viaKfi.a

The Mute Swan, Cygnus

(Erh.).

of whiteness

TTTfpov.

Bacch. 1364:

Id.

Gk. Anth.
:

cf. Ar. Vesp. 1064;

123; x''^"XP^^> Eur. Hel. 216.
cf Eur. Rh. 618 o-n'X^ouo-i 8' aarf

iii.

[Notc thc frcquent allusions

in

Euripides

KYANOZ KYKNOI
KYKNOI

{continued).

rare in Aeschylus

dubious

fr.

not in Sophocles, save for nri'Kov KvKveiov in the

708, ap. Clem. Alex. Strom. 716.]

Description. Arist. H. A.
ib.

105

viii.

lb. ix.

593

3,

^lOTevovcTi nepl

615

12,

i.

488,

I,

enumerated among

b,

12, 597 b opvi^ yeXatoj

^npvrepa tmp a-Tfyavoirodav

viii.

to.

Koi eX?;,

}\.ip.uas

d^loToi 8e Koi

Kal

ei/ijdeis

fvreKvoi KoL evyqpoi, kw. tov aerov, eav ap^rjrai, dpLvvofifvoi viKaaiv, avToi

ovK ap)(ovai

nepieTV}(ov iv

wSi/coi

jjuixr]!.

yap

avoTTiTOVTai

fie,

daXaTTD '^roWois adovai

ttj

ano6vi]aKovTas ivlovs

cf.

Ael. V. H.

KaXkLTraiBa tivai koi TTokvnaiBa, k.t.X.

ad Hom.

II.

p.

pdXiara

Koi Trept to? TfXevras

a.8ov(nv'

Ka\ els to neXayos, Kai Tivei ^drj nXeovres ivnpa ttjv AilBvrjv

193

Dion,

De

i.

Avib.

(poipfj

yocoSet, koi tovtoiv

eaypcuv

14 \ey(i ^ApLcrroTeXrjs tov kvkvov

cf.

also Athen.

ii.

19.

393 d

ix.

H. A.

Arist.

ii.

Eustath.

509

17,

e'xft

aTro(pvd8ai oXlyas KciTcodev KaTa ttjv tov f'vrepov TeXevTtji'.

OcCUr abun-

dantly 'Acrtw v Xeipuvi, KaiJa-rpiov dp(p\ peedpa,

i.

Aornos,

in

II.

vii.

699

on the

Myth and Legend. On

and compare
Avib.

Virg. G.

19.

ii.

hostile

Is

Pice, A. and W.,

carne vescuntur inter

Leda
also

d\\ijXo(j)iXus,

se.

The swan

32.

the combat with the Eagle, vide

also the story of

cf also Ael.

to

8pdK03v,

Is dXXrjXocfidyos fj.dXiaTa t5>v opvecop, Arist.

vos,

cf.

river

Mirab, 102, 839. Its flight described, Plin. x. (23)

food, Athen. ix. 393, Plut. De Esu Cam. 2, &:c.

De

461

ii.

on Lake
Hebrus, Ar. Av. 768
the spot called Pyriphlegethon, near Cumae, Arist. De

^S^, Aen.

Is killed

H. A.

Sund.),

by

Ael. v. 48,
ix.

cf.

s.

v. 34, xvii.

I,

610

v.

24

iii.

dexos,

Dion.

Phile 691.

(cf. d\Xr]Xo(f)d-

Plin. x. (23) 32

Kmveiov, Ael.

as

mutua

places the herb

its nest as a charm, Boios ap. Athen. ix. 393 E. How the Indians
do not favour the swan, from its want of filial affection, Ael. xiv. 13 yet
the swan bewails its dead parent in Eur. El. 151, cf Bacch. 1364 opvis

Xvyaia in

oTTco? Kri(priva [dp(f)il3d\Xei]

noXioxpas kvkvos.

Associated with the

oficpaXos

409; vide s. v. dcros- A good omen to

sailors, Virg. Aen. i. 393, Aemil. Macer in Ornithogr. Anthol. Vet. Lat.
Epigr. et Poem. i. 116 (cf. Serv. in Aen. 1. c.) Cygnus in auspiciis semper
laetissimus ales, Hunc optant nautae, quia se non mergit in undas
Delphi, Plut.

at

De

Orac.

i.

524 cf the Swan as a figure-head, Nicostr.

cf also the mythological (and astronomical) association

see also Stat. Theb.

282, &c.

iii.

Swan

of the
also

iii.

with Castor and Pollux (Hopf, Orakelthiere,

Drummond

in

Class. Journal, xvi. p. 94.

p. 177)

see

The Swan-maidens,

Kopm Tpe'is KVKvoiJ.op(f)oi, Aesch. Pr. V. 797. According to Nicand. and

Areus ap. Anton. Lib. c. xii, a certain Cycnus, and his mother Thuria,
were metamorphosed into swans at Lake Conopa, koX noXXol iv Tfj copa
Toi)

dpoTov ivraiida (paivovTCU kvkvoi.

On

the

Swan

as the bird of Apollo,

cf.

Hymn. Plom.

xxi, Callim.

Del. 249, Ar. Av. 772, 870, Ael. xi. I, Nonn.

Dionys. xxxviii. 202 kvkvov I'iyav TrrepofVTa, koi ov Ta^vv "mnov AttoXXwj'j&C.,

Hymn.

Apoll.

5, id.

Hymn.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

I06

KYKNOI

{continued).

With the Greek association

same bird with

&c.; represented on coins of Clazomenae.

Swan

of the

Brahma.

Swan

the

1886,

the Hindoo connexion of the

441, Stat. Silv.

vii.

C. 393, Creuzer,

pi.

iii.

Museum

in the British

pa ye noWol

Hom.

in

xxi $oi/3e, ae

31 aKKVoves

Trepl

(Tovcrav vdcop

drjScov

[s,

fxiXos

fieXadpa,

dp.(f)\

[oSoDcrt]

Eur.

deldei,

0of]v

<jvp.p.iyr)

6p.ov

Pratin.

in

o)(6ai(Tiv

&

elXlcr-

Movaas 6epanevi
KpeKovres laK^ov

Hymn.

Del. 249

Mrjoviov TlaKTcoXov iavKXaiaavTo Xinovres

Movcrdcov opvides, aoiSoVarot

7 (Bergk 457) oui re kvkvov ciyovrn noiKiXonrepov

ii.
19 dprrj^ovaiv avrols abovaiv o"i re CTKoniXoi

i.

De

oxd]] fVt-

\ip.vnv

nrepo'is

Hymn.

ID in Gk. Anth.

kvkvos

T. II03

0I

tjirvov'

655.

viii.

Meleager

cf.

nep\ AtjXou, inr]ei<jav 8i Xo^eij]

Dion.

pi.

piev 'Slueavo^

"irr}v

Virg. Aen.

cf.

Ilrjveiov

KVKvoi de 6eov fieXnovres doidol

neTerjvuiv

5'

'A/i(^i

kvkvol depaiiroTai fieyiiK"

ox^cp icj)(^6pevoi nap'"E^pov norapovl Callim.

E/3So/LiaKts

and

d. Inst.,

see also Guignat,

kvkvLov], evda kvkvos fxeXail 80s

Ar. Av. 769 Toidde kvkvol

'AnoXXo),

H. 314

avrov

^eXiSoves

iiv[xa,

kvkXov

kvkvos vtto Ttrepvyav \ly

Kai

divrjevra,

in aXaos

Kal

TTOTcifiov,

56

p. 132, fig.

anpov vdcop

p.ev

wdpa

iv. I, 9, Sil.

the Cilix of Aphrodite

vide Kalkmann, Jahrb. d. k.

Sc.

8e Kar

ol

vijxoi^

OpoaaKoov noTap.ov
i.

cf.

2.

liii.

The Swan's Song. Hesiod,

irKrjdovTi eoiKuis

22

4,

Gk. Mythol.

41, Collignon,

i.

cf.

Associated with Venus, in Latin only, Hor. C.

Punic,

Ital.

with Apollo,

Avib,

Kai al (fidpnyyes, Koi ixovaiKcoTaTovs navratv tovtovs iafxev opvidcov, Koi lepovs

KaXovfiev AnoXXcovos.

aSoucri S' ovx} 6pT]vu>8es, coanep ol dXKvoves, dXX' r]8u

'

Kal fifXixpov, Kal

Ti

Anth.

IV.

47) lb.

ii.

218

vf(])eXtus

1.

Theocr. Id.

;)cpa)/M6i'oi

Anon. 468

54) Plut. El.

ii.

387

rje

koXolu>u

136 ov defxirov

v.

Ar. Ran. 207, Lucret.

cf.

Mart.

55)

Kiddpais

r)

KVKVcp 8vvaTni Knpv8os napanXt]aiop aSeiv

el

19 XwiTfpos KvKvcov 6 piKpos 6p6os

Ki8vdfjL(vos

ipia-Seiv

olov avXo7s

Gk.

Kpayfjibs iv flnpLvals
.

'inonns KvKvoiatv

re ijSerm, Kal kiikvcov

(JLOvcriKjj

in

Antip. Sidon.

182, Virg. Eel.

16, iv.

iii.

'.

viii.

36,

<pa>va'is.

Especially of the dying Swan, Aesch. Ag. (1419), 1444 kvkvov 81kt]i',\
vcrrarov fj.iXyJMi(Ta davdaifiov yoov
Keirai cpiXi'jTcop toOS'
cf. Plato,

Tov

85 B, Rep. 620

avTov

6fio8ovX(ivs

which passage
ano TOV

cf.

8rjp,lov

cf.

kvkvovs

dXyeivov

p.rj8ev6s

aCJ^drTeadui

Cic.

TOV kvkvov jBXenav,

De

Orat.

216, 416 b;

Opp. Cyneg.
fj-avTinoXoi

iii.

i,

Apoll. Rhod.

e(f)ri

Abst.

p.

iii.

286 ov

Ael.

^(OKpdTrjs],

[6

ii.

xiv.

616

deXeiv

(piXoa-KanTijs, [xeXXcov

to

aya-nep

kvkvuov acros

i^acrai 8e Kal tov j3lov TeXevrcov Kal fi) yeveadai

nphs

Phile,

see also Ael.

iv.

De

An.

Pr. x. 233 avdpane

Trjv TeXevri'jv, ft (ppovels, ^') a-Tvyvda-t]s

1301

x.

36, xi.

Polyb.

xxx.

4,

7,

xxxi.

20,

''"<'

Fab. Aes. 215,

fiodvoicnv iv dpvlBeaaiv 'iaai

547 ^^'^ ^P'^
yoov vaTUTov dei8uvTes
Dio Chrysost. Orat. Cor.
ii.

nai^a)v

32, v. 34

Xinapov pLireaTi davdroi, with

p-rjBe

elne'iv

TovTO Tcov KVKVCOV dyevvecTTepos

0iXo\|/'u;^e,

De

Porphyr.

Chrysipp. ap. Athen.

dnodavflv: Plut. Mor. 161

KaTO.

eXeyev tovs

on

neniarevKe yap

cf.

Phaedo

i;

kvkvoi
p.

I02

KYKNOI
KYKNOI

107

{con/inHCiP).

(Reiske)

Hon

cf.

jy, Stat. Silv.

C.

20, Ovid, Her. vii.

ii.

The
Modern

&c.

4, 10, &;c.,

ii.

Artemid. Oneirocr.

20,

ii.

allusions

Chaucer, P. of Fowles, 342, Tennyson,

also for numerous references, Douce's
Lenz, Zool.

d.

Met.

I,

Mart,

xiv. 430,

xiii,

singing swan a portent of death,

'

innumerable

are

The Dying Swan,'

lllustr.

Sec.

of Shakspeare,

cf.

see

262,

i.

Gr. u. R., pp. 384-400, &c.

The Swan's song was

Mynd.

discredited by some, e.g. Alex.

ap.

393 d Lucian, Ue Electro seu Cycnis Cic. Tusc. Ouaest. i

cf. Greg. Nazianz. Ep. i.
Philostr. V. Apollon. iii. c. 23
Plin. x. (23) 32
Cf. Scaliger, Ferrariae
TOT aaovTai ki'ki/oj, otciv koKoioI ai(jOTTi]a<oiTiv.

Athen.

ix.

multos cygnos vidimus, sed cantores sane malos, neque melius ansere
canere

also Aldrov. Ornith.

cf.

iii.

19, 5

Wormius

Mus. Worm.

in

iii.

Mauduit ap. Plin. ed. Panckoucke, vii. 385 Voss. De Idol. ii.
19
Brown's Vulg. Errours, iii. p. 27
Pierius, De Cycnis, p. 254
p. 1212
c.

the curious conjectures of Bryant, Anc. Mythol.

Zoogr. ross.-asiat,

ii.

and recent

p. 212,

353-384; Pallas,

ii.

Modern

writers.

naturalists

accept the story of the singing swans, asserting that though the
Common Swan cannot sing, yet the Whooper or Whistling Swan does
so.

It

is

certain

Whooper

the

that

many

sings, for

ornithologists

do not think it can sing very well at the very

This concrete
best, da;!^ sojiitum ratici per stag?ia loquacia cygJit.
it is beyond a doubt that the Swan's
explanation is quite inadequate
Song (like the Halcyon's) veiled, and still hides, some mystical allusion.
Applied as an epithet to a poet, especially an old poet Eur. H. F.
state the fact, but

691

iraiavas

yevvcou

8'

eVi

(Tois

Id.

KeXaSr^o-o),

fieXadpon

kvkvos

Bacch. 1361

aiyaadco Zi,voiv 6 ao(f)6s kvkvos

(os

'Swan

of Teos,' Antip.

i.

26,

^ovXopei'OL

p.ovaiKbu

Christod. Ecph. 384,

cf.

ttoXiou

Posidipp. xi in Gk. Anth.

'Qyvyirjs 'EXikwvios "icTTnTo kvkvos, Tlivdapos lnep6(f)a>vos

yepovra

doiBos

yepcof

Hor. C.

(Tr]pi]vai

iv. 2, 25.

kvkvov

ib.
:

iii.

175

ii.

e/c

48

Qi]^r]s 8'

Anacreon is the
Cf. Horap. ii. 39

(coypa(j}oiaiv'

ovtos

yap

r]8vTaT0U fiiXos aSet yrjpaaKOJV.

The Swan

of

690, Orest. 1388

I. T. 794, 1104, Hel. 19, &c.. Here. F.

also various passages in the Anthology, e.g. Pallad.

Leda. Cf. Eur.

;

cf. Lucian, De Deor.

123, Anon. ib. iv. 118, 128, &c.
For mythographic references, see Hygin. Fab. yy,
P. Astron. ii. 8, German, c. 24, Eratosth. c. 25, Theon. p. 136, &c.
According to these latter authors, the mythology of the Swan is
inseparable from the phenomena attending the constellation Cygnus.
The stellar Swan lies in the Milky Way, 'the river of heaven'; it is
it rose a little in advance of the
adjacent to the constellation Lyra
Eagle, but, lying more to the north, it only set some time after the
Eagle had gone down that is to say, it was attacked by the Eagle,

40, in
20,

Gk. Anth.

14

(l.

iii.

264).

but in turn defeated

it,

cf.

Arist.

H. A.

ix.

12,

615

b, Ael. xvii. 24,

&c.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

lo8

KYKNOI
it

{coHiimmr-',.

stood in mid-heaven at the rising of the Pleiad

at its

own

rising,

the Virgin (Leda) was in mid-heaven, and the twins Castor and Pollux

were just setting in the west. The stories of Cycnus, son of Mars
(Hesiod, Anton. Lib. 12, Philochor. ap. Athen., Ovid, Met., &c.), of
Cycnus, King of Liguria (Hygin. Fab. 144), Cycnus, brother of Phaethon
(Lucian, De Electro, Virg. Aen. x. 189), and others, which are also
similarly connected with astronomical myths, lie outside the scope of
this book.

Dupuis, Orig. de tous les cultes,

Cf. (int. al.),

iii.

p. 813, vii.

p. 367-

KY'MBH.

very doubtful bird.

Supposed by L. and
Hesych. has

supra.

KY'MINAII

= xa^Kis=

Horn, and

query

yXaiiKa,

6(01,

290

xiv.

v.

Arist., vol.

query

See also

Kv^rjva.

188.

cf. K0fi|3a,

some MSS., both of

Kv^iv8is in

y\av^\^ais~\,

but

KU/M/3[ar]et;rai- uppL6(VTai.

also

Emped.

K^nlBai,

G. Schneider in

J.

KvjSrjvais'

or fabulous bird
II.

TTTOYi q.

(?)

nTtpoj^dnoves

be a Tumbler-pigeon

Kv^fiaC opvides

Arist., cf.

Hesych. has
TTjv

S. to

Kv^rivBis

KvMvav

An unknown

KiKKajSt].

s. v.

p. 92.

iv.

also

perhaps an Owl.

opvidi Xiyvpfj evaXiyKioS)

rjv

t iv oparuiv

)(a\K'iha KiKkrjaKOvai
\

av8pes 8e Kvpiv8iv.

Ar. Av.

181 XPf' ^^

''"S'

Tin

ovvxas

T]yKv\uip.(vos,

Kepxvjjs, Tpiopxrjs, yv\j/,

Mentioned likewise among the rapacious

Kvfxiv8is, aleros.

birds, Ael.

xii. 4.

Arist.

H. A.

pLfXas, Koi

ix. 12,

615 b oXiyaKis

peyfdos o<jov lepa^

Koi XeTTTos.

fiev

oiKel

CJ^aiverciL,

yap

(paaaofpouos KoKovpevos, kol

Kvpivhiv 8e KaXoicriv "laves avrrjV

the passage

oprj,

rrjv i8eav

is

eari Be

paKpos

very cor-

and according to some texts (followed apparently by Pliny, x. 8,

and by Eustath. in Hom.), the next clause concerning v^pU or Trruyl
8' v^pts, (fjaal 8e TLves elvai rhv avrov ToiiTov
applies to the same bird,

rupt,

17

opvida TW TTTvyyi, ovtos rjptpas pev ov (paivtrai 8ia to

vvKTas drjpevei aanfp

ol aerot

[01 oaroi, cj.

prj

^Xeneiv o^v, ras 8e

Sundevall], Ka\ paxpvTat. 8e npos

noWaKis ^avras vno

Tov d(Tuv ovTco a(f)68pn uxtt apcfxo Xap^dveadai

rSiv

vopeoov. TiKTfi pev ovv 8vo wti, veoTrevei 8e Koi ovtos iv ntTpais Koi anrjXaiois.

Conjectured by Sundevall to be the Black or Glossy Ibis, from the

x^<'S') and from Mod. Gk. x^-^kokotq,

suggestion of metallic colouring in

Erh.

but this

is

certainly not a bird

supposed derivation from

and

ascribed

others,

to

the

Usually taken to be a large

yXav^,

cf.

naturalists.
fies

it

Capercailzie,

Owl

Schol. Ar. Av. 262), as

(cf.

Hawk

By Aub. and Wimmer,

Tetrao

Suidas,

urogallus,

x^^'^'fj '^of

opveov,

L.
^

by Belon, Gaza, and other older

Cuvier (Grandsaigne's Pliny,

with the

the mountains, and the

of

xa^^o's is imaginary.

Owl, S/r/x tmi/c^sts,

I.

v. 11, pp. 374,

Pall.,

375) identi-

and Netolicka agrees.

KYKNOI KY^EAOZ
KYMINAII

The

T09

{contmued).

Homer,

bird being, in

whose shape

that in

additional point in favour of identifying

it

appears,

"Ytti/o?

with a nocturnal species

an

is

and

this relation of v-nvos to the bird ;^;aXKiV suggests

phrase

;^d\*reos

to say,

{/tti/oj.

a connexion with the

belongs to the language of the gods, that

xp^*^^^

probably a foreign word

it is not likely to be a simple

a possible alternative that x"^'^^^^ vttj/o?
wrongly translated hy ferreus somnusl
For an account of various Scholia relating to this bird, cf. J. G.

is

is

derivative of xo^ko?.
is

Is there

Schneider, I. c.
In some, if not all, of the names of
undoubtedly confronted with foreign words.

KYFIAPTZZIA"

ffSoy oK^Krpvovwv,

MSS. have

KY XPAMOZ.
xpavos,

Kiyxpafxas

Query

HeS}xh.

Kixpai^os,

Kixpafxas,

Schn. writes

we

this bird,

are

Kvnapicrcrioi.

Kexpo-H"^^

Hesych, Kvy-

'

{Kfyxpo^)

Keyxpafios

3.S

Belon

translates 7niliarius.

An unknown

bird

probably (as Sundevall takes

names doubtless apply

L.,

which

haunts

usual

its

H. A.

avaKoXe'iTOL

KYVeaoi,

ov

ort

Sundevall translates
longer.'

b.

'

in

Autumn and

both

Von

der

frequently

p. 92).

cit.,

bird which accompanies the quails,

Koi orav tovtov rrjv

avrovs vvKToyp'

drjpevovTfs 'lanaiv

no

597

viii. 12,

or

also to the Water-rail, Ralliis aquaiicus,

associates with the quails (op.

Arist.

identical with

One

very abundant in Greece, and according to

is

Miihle abandons

Acai

it)

Corncrake, Rallus crex, L.

the

opTuyofii^Tpa,

Karapevovcriv

delay not their

<^(xivi)v

ctKoixraxTiv,

ol

which expression
coming,' and A. and \V. remain
\^ol

oprvyes^

'

Cf. Plin. x. (23) 33.

KuiJ/eXXos.

s.

bird of the

Sand-Martin^ Hirwido riparia, L.

Swallow kind
Hesych.

perhaps the

Kvyj/e'Kos'

opvis Troidr,

opoios x^^i-^ovi.

H. A.

Arist.

opoioi TOCs

ix.

cit.),

mentioned as synonymous with

oitt-ous, q. v.,

ov yap pa8iov diaypcovai irpos rrjV ;^eXt8oj/a,

8a<Taav

T}]v Kvrjprjv e;(eii'

nest (loc.

30, 680,

;(6AtSocrii/'

though

cf Plin.

X. (39) 55.

(a box, or beehive)

fcvx/^eXi?

the nest of the House-Martin (N. ttrbica,

TrKrjv T<a

In the description of the

would rather suggest

L.), yet

the epithet poKpos

would certainly not apply moreover the House-Martin was certainly

Accordingly the evidence leans to identifying
included in ;(eXtScoi/.
:

KUA/zeXof

with the Sand-Martin,

followed by Sundevall, while A.

bird with the
species.

If the

would seem

House-Martin.

H. rtparia, L.
and W., on the
;

this identification is

contrary, identify the

There was doubtless a confusion of

passage in Pliny suggests one more than another,

to be the Swift

yet

in

it

the Aristotelian reference the

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

ITO

KYvlEAOI {continued).
hypothesis of the Sand-Martin, advocated by Sundevall, has strong
claims.

Kii'KAAOI-

Kco/caXoi/-

Kf2NnnO0H'PAI"

3;

cf.

Cf.

S. V.

XoKttXos.

Hesych.
Anacr. 99

Boeotian word.

Strattis,

Simonid. 243.

AAfOGH'PAI- Hesych.,

An

Hesych.

o/jvis 6 Kcoj/coTrar 6r\pivix>v^

The Swallow.

KQTIAA'Z.
^oif.

eiSof oKiKTpvuvo^^

dho^.

aerov

Xayoxlxjp'os

= fieXai'deTOS

(q. v.).

epithet of the Eagle.

The Eagle in combat with the hare

Arist. H. A. ix. 32, 618 b.
frequent on gems, and on coins of Agrigentum, Messana, Elis, &c.
:

Imhoof-Blum. and Keller, passim

The wide occurrence

Keller, Th. d.

of this subject

(cf.

cl.

to recognize a Solar or Stellar

AArflAl'AI.

AArnrNHI-

synonym

o/jny TToioi,

AArfl'nOYI.

symbol

vide

Alterth., p. 449.

Layard, Nineveh,

indicates a lost mythological significance, in which

s.

is
cf.

one

ii.

62)

pi.

tempted

is

vv. deros, Kopa^.

of utos, Alex. INIynd. ap. Athen.

ix.

390.

Hesych.

Ptarmigan.

Plin. X. (48) 68

praecipuo sapore lagopus

pedes leporino

villo

nomen

hoc dedere, cetero candidae, columbarum magnitudine, &c. The

In Mart. vii. 87,
lagois, s. logois of Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 22, is possibly akin.
an old reading was Si meus aurita gaudet lagopode Flaccus, altered by
ei

Scaliger io glaucopzde.

AAfii'l.

bird-name, mentioned

Oneirocr.

iv.

Xf><i86veios,

The name

56.

Diph.

s.

c.

Arist.

in

Artemid.

ix.

401

a.

According

to

oppis in

also Xaibos, Xi/3doj).

ovhev\ (f)aiv6nvos dya6(p.

bird, in all probability identical

Xa'ios, q. v.

H. A.

ix. I,

610 \a(86i

opT] \olKfi\, Kn\ (piXo^Mpe'i ov

We

Swallow,

xx a certain Oreius was metamor-

phosed into the bird Xayws,

with

the

Calliad. ap. Athen.

Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

AAEAO'I (MSS.

with

suggests a reference to bnavnovs:

may

av

Kn\ KeXeor

(fiiXoi.

6 St Xaedos irirpas xni

oiKtj.

connect the reputed friendship of KeXeos and XaeSoV with

the association of KeXeos and Xa'ios together, in the obscure story of the

metamorphosis of those impious persons who entered the forbidden

cave in Crete where Jupiter was born Boios ap. Anton. Lib. c. xix.
;

AAI"0'I.

Probably the

Blue Thrush, Peirocichla

Stone-thrush, P. saxatilis, L.,

is

less

cyaniis,

common

L.

in Greece,

The
and

KYvpEAOI AAPOI
AAIOX

III

{continued').

is chiefly found in the northern and more mountainous parts.

Both receive the Mod. Gk. name TrfrpoKo'o-a-u^o? (Heldr.), and

were probably confused under the ancient name

Arist.

H. A.

ix.

617

19,

Sfioios

also.

/xeXavi Korrvcfxp ifTTiv 6 XaVoy,

r<a

to

fieyedos fiiKpa eXurrco;/' ovtos fnl Toiv irirpciyp koL eVl r5)v Kfpo/xwi/ tcis dia-

rpi^as

The

metamorphosis, Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

but certain that \n(b6s and

all

Xa'ios refer

correct reading of the name, or names,

H. A.
ii.

A fabled

TToie'iTai.

seems

It

edd. have also (3aios and

ix. 19,

The name

120).

(cf

(fin'ins

i.

it

in

Anton. Lib.,

acceptance.

Schn.

Pice, read Xa'ios also for XacSos, q- v.

AA'aaFEI-

upveov eiBos,

Stork

XfXfKi, a

AA'POZ,

a.

Od.

Sea-Gull.

v. 51,

fiayov evpvv

Hesych.

vide

s. v.

In Mod. (and doubtless also in Ancient) Gk.

a perfect description.
TrXarvv oXov.

klil

OaKaTTiiv TTivpais, to ttXi]6os

Varieties.

Arist.

H. A.

hiio

viii.

The former

of the darker Terns,

more

e. g.

Arist.

lb. V. ^,
fj

breeding habits, see also Dion.

Xdpos 6 X(vk6s.

H. A.

542 b

3,
is,

Avib.

li.

Dion.

XevKo\

Kcii cos

De

Te

cf.

Plin. X. 32.

On

its

ii.

'

'

nl nfpicrTepai ^paxels' ol 8e tovtiov fxev elcri fxel^ovis Koi la)^vp6-

XevKci

/cat

e^fi rov aro-

but the epithet seems

Black-backed Gulls
cf.
4 enumerates three sorts: oi fiev

?tigra, Briss.

S'

eVrt Kal tovtols TTTepdy

nrepv^i Kai tois Tpaj(i]Xois paXaivovTai.

vop.<]s

509

4.

Tepot, nvKvoTaTois 8e TiTepo'is Trepia-KenovTai' Kal Tives

6eaTepoi'

17,

tov depovs, iv rals nepX

593 b Xdpos to xP^^M" o-TroSoaSij?, also

according to Aub. and Wimmer, one

Sterna
Avib.

ii.

tIkt(i

Tpia' ov (^a)Xei;ei

De

descriptive of the ashy grey of the

fxaXnKOKpavevs.

Mod. Gk.

Possibly connected with

TreXapyos.

both the Gulls and the Terns.

yXiipos includes

8'

bird.

unknown. In Arist.
Camus, 747, Schneider,

taken from the passage

\di6s is

c. xix.

same

is

the supposed derivation from Xaas helping to gain

and

to the

kol tovtcou evfxfyf-

errl

tois aKporaTais

koi tovtols anavTes 01

eSpas Trapaxapovai Koi us (BacriXevatv

avTols Kvnvea yiveTai iTTfpd.

en

ocrou

7TXr]v

Here the

first

inreiKova-i'

Xomoi Xdpoi

kcj\

yrjpaaKovai,

group are probably the

Black-backed Gulls.
Eq. 959, Nub. 591, Av. 567. Devour
dolphins stranded on the beach, AeL xv. 23. Open shell-fish by dropping them from a height, Ael. iii. 20.
Terns, the

last the

bye-word

for greediness, Ar.

Myth and Legend. Hostile

to jSpfvdos,

apirr],

and

epuStoy, Arist.

H. A.

593 b, Ael. iv. 5, Phile 682; friendly to koXoms, Ael. v. 48.

Killed by pomegranate-seed, Ael. vi. 46, Phile 657.
Associated with
Hercules, Ar. Av. 567. The Gulls are souls of disembodied fishermen,

viii.

3,

hence their gentle and peaceable disposition, Dion. I.e. A

feather was tied to a fishing-line as a kind of float, Ael. xv. 10.

Fable. X(i/)oj

kch Ikt'lvos,

Aes. 239 (ed. Halm).

gull's

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

112
AA'POI,

j3.

AETOI, vide

kind of tame singing bird, Anth. Pal.

eXeios.

s. v.

The

AEYKEPflAIO'Z (also XfvKopwStos).

Mod. Gk.

L.

H. A.

Arist.
TrXfirii

199,

vii.

KovXidpi

= Fr.

593 b to

viii. 3,

Spoonbill, Plataka leucorodius,

cueiller).

ipabiov iXarTav, Ka\

yiey(6i>s

f\ei.

to pvyxos

K(H fiaKpov.

The

description of the

the bird in this passage

bill easily identifies

name would probably be

Sundevall, &c.), but the

(Belon,

likewise

applied to the other White Herons or Egrets.

(MSS. have

AIBYO'I.

An unknown

k'l^ios, Krjfiws, cf.

Ae/3toj,

bird

possibly to be

Schn. in Arist.

compared with

iv.

p. 7).

\ij3vk6s cpvis,

Ar. Av. 65.

H. A.

Arist.

An unknown

AO'KAAOI.

kcu XcjSvos noXtpioi

609 KeXfos

ix. i,

cf. s. v.

XaeSos.

bird.

H. A. ii. 17, 509, mentioned with aa-KciXncpos as a bird having

Omitted in Cod. Venetus and others. Gesner supposes
colic coeca.
the word to be Italian {l=aluco, an Owl), and to have come in as
Arist.

Scaliger reads KcoKaXos.

a marginal rendering of do-KaXa^os.

AY'KOI.

sort of

Jackdaw

H. A.

(Arist.

a nickname of the

common

Pice, read Xukios,

which form occurs

See also

eiSoj).

MAKEII'KPANOI.

s. v.

Koi KOpvdaioXov

X6(f)oi',

(TiVTrjv T

yap avTov

ix.

cf.

in

24,

610 b); probably

(Schn. and

PwixoXoxos.

Hesych.

Xvkios,

koXowv

KipKos.

name

Hesych. puKeaiKpavos.

Jackdaw,

Hoopoe.

for the

to

dia

e7ro\|/''

avTOV Xeyovai.

Koi aXeKTpvovn

'ex,fiv

eVt

TrjS

noXvoovvpov

\liypiov,

inser.

8e

K(j)a\i]S

Ka6anep

Xeyerai. to

^<^ov'

Heinsius] km yiXaaov

Xeyovcri.

MAAAKOKPANEY'I.
Arist.

TO 8e

etfioy

piKpu.
oXos.

H. A.

ix.

An unknown
22,

617 b

bird.

ael eVi to

avTo KaBi^avei, koI aXiV/cerai evTavda.

K<paXrj piv peydXr] ;!(oi'Sporii7rof, to Be

(jTopa 5

fvpcocTTOv,

piKpov, aTpoyyvXov'

evTTovs 8e Koi KaKonrepos.

dXlcrKeTin de

peyedos iXaTTCov kIxXtjs

to be XP^I^^ aTTo8oei8i]S

pdXiaTa yXavKi

[?

aucupium

per noctuam].

by Sundevall with the Lesser Grey Shrike, Lanius minor,

KecfidXds and deropaxos (Heldr.).
Lindermayer (op. c.
p. 114) states that this bird is extremely common in Greece, and sings
all day long auf der aussersten Spitze eines Baumes oder Strauches
Identified

L., in

Mod. Gk.
'

sitzend.'

This identification

is

more

plausible than the

many others

that

have been suggested, such as the Jay, the Bullfinch, and even the Snipe

AA POI

MAAAKOKPANEYI

M EA A M n Y rOI

I'3

{continued).

S:c.).
It must, however, be remembered
mentioned once only, and in a portion of the Historia
Animalium that is full of difficulties and incongruities: the epithets
associated with it are numerous, but mean little or nothing ;Yoi/5poTi;7rof

(Belon, Schneider, Brisson,

that the bird

is

does not occur elsewhere

dXiW-erai y\avKi

is

meaning and questionable construction. The

seems at first sight copious and adequate, but

a phrase of doubtful

Aristotelian description
in the

words

'autant qu'il semblerait devoir etre facile de reconnoitre

autant
q,

que jusqu'ici

est-il certain

v., is

next mentioned, and

MAPA'IIAI-

opviees,

MATTY'HI"

17

il

ne

in like

is

Hesych.

Cf.

Hesych.

Marsh

Probably the

Tit,

Fams

which identification Sundevall and Aub. and

there

was a confusion between

atricapilla,

lxe\ayKopv(piCo), tO

this bird

Sylvia

L.,

warblc Hkc the

See also

b del irfpiTTa,

q)S (f^aaiv.

els

TTjs yXci>TTr]s

to

ii^v

[vide

dXXrjXovs ai avKaXldes Ka\

TijV

onatpav, 6 de

XV.

I,

nXfjU

22 evdvs
TT]

XP^9-

para

t'iv

ol

f;

fiKO(Tiv.

ix.

'''11

4^^ffi-

nVrft

aXXovs opuidas to

49 B, 632 b

peXayKopvfpoi' yipeTai

S'

17

Siac^spoucri 8e

(cf.

Geopon.

ovtol ov6ev aXXriXav

/cat

6 avTOS fO'TlV OpVlS,

^Tt 8

pfj

fifrajSiiXXovaiv

ptv crvKaXls nepl

peXayKopvcpos tvdewi ptTO. to cjidivoTrwpov

pfTci TO TpvyrjTov),
''''*'

iv Aijivr] (TTpovBov'

8e Ka\ ovtos iv Toii devdpeai, Ka\ /SocrKerat

v. ttoi|/].

s.

verb

Spir. p. 2 20j

s.v. aoKaXi's.

tikt1 pevTOi Ka\ irkeiui

vtomvn

But

The

auctt.

HerO

tSiov 8e tovto) Ka\ ar]86vi irapa tovs

Toi'S (TKoiXrjKas,

ex^^v

tikt(i

in

agree.

Blackcap Warbler,

the

iif'KayKopvcpos,

suggests the latter of these two.

yap Ka\ enTaKnideKa,

and

pahistris, L.

Wimm.

airi'captlla,

Mentioned in Ar. Av. 887.

Arist. H. A. IX. 15, 616 b ma nXelara
iaipaTai p,kv

Artemid.

ixaTTvri,

663 D, &c.

ei8oi yuKpcov opviBov,

MotaciUa

Camus,

I'a pas ete.'

The bird irapSaXos,
manner impossible to identify.

fiiv (pMvfj MaKfdovLKT], opvii,

MEAArKO'PY<t>OI.

of

Crane-mol,

Hesych.

ap. Athen. xiv.

MEGYGPI'AEI"

le

fj8r]

COTVTai TTfpl Tr)v

fXfTa^oXfjV eKorepov to yei/Oi tovto, ovno) de TeXeuis peTnjSe^XriKOTa ov8' ev

bi'O S' elvai yevrj

Ku\ 6

Archil,

fr.

to the

no

and Gaisford's

note.

vi.

ii.

b
60

69, p. 65

46, Phile

e'ldr]

Schol. Venet.

Cf. also

Schneidewin

II.

xxiv.

Schol. LyC. 9 1

deTav KaT 'Apxi-Xoxov

Poets, p. 300, &c.

t,2)-

Eagle in the Fable of the Fox

(86).

'ApxiXoxos peXapnvyov tovtov KoKeiv

yap peXapnvyot, irvyapyoi,

Ael.

A fabulous Arabian bird, Plin. xxxvii.

word applied

and the Eagle,

f'idiOe

ap. Athen.

aiTov avKaXiha Kal peXayKopvcpop.

Tov fieXiiyKopvcpov ayvoi eKTp'i^ei.

MEAA'MriYroX.

Mynd.

Cf. Pliu. X. 44, Alex.

6aTep(p eiSei ovTa.

cf.

315
eicrt

also Hes\ch.,

Farnell,

Gk. Lyr.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

114

MEAAMnvrOI

31,

this

name and

its

correlative

Diodor. Sic.

Cf. the references to 'Hpa/cX;)? fxe\diJ.7rvyos, ap.

iruyapYos.
iv.

(^continued').

symbolism probably underlies

solar

&c.

MEAANA'ETOI
Arist.

= XaYw<|)ocos.

H. A.

ix.

32, 61

8b

An

epithet of the Eagle.

fieXai jrjv XPoftv, ^al jj-eyedos eXa;^io-ror, KparicrTos

TovTcov [rau TTvyt'ipycov Koi nXdyycov].

(iekavderos koi \ay(o(j)6voi.

oiiTos oiKet oprj Koi vAas*

KoXfiTcu oe

eWi

eKrpe^ei Se fiovos ra TeKva ovtos Kai f^dyei.

Se a)Ku/3oXoj Koi ev6rip.a>v Ka\ a(pdovos Koi acf^o^os Koi

Koi v(pr]p.os' ov

fjia)(^ifios

XeXjjKer
cf. lb. vi. 6, 563 b ol 8e pieXaves, k. t. X.
Melanaetus a Graecis dicta, eademque Valeria [MSS. in
Valeria], minima magnitudine, viribus praecipua, colore nigricans, &c.

yap juvvpi^ei ovSe

Plin. X. 3

Aubert and

Wimmer

miniita., Brehni, to

suppose a small species of Eagle,

be meant

As

e. g.

Aqidla

Sundevall suggests the Peregrine Falcon.

Xaywijxji'os, I see no grounds for these or

is mentioned above, s. v.
any other concrete interpretations the passage is mystical and probAubert and Wimmer have already called attention to
ably foreign.
the want of meaning and irrational order of the six epithets ioKv'^oko's,
:

fvdi'jpcov,

On

&c.

peXas as an epithet of the Eagle, see

s.

vv. deros,

fA6p<|)i'os

cf.

Both jxeXavdeTos and XaYweJxjcos are applied to

and I am
the constellation Aquila in the Comm. Alfrag. p. 106
Black Eagle had originally a mystical
inclined to think that the
and astronomical meaning. Cf. s. v. peXajjiTruYos.
O. Keller, op. c,

p. 237.

'

MEAA'NAEIPOI-

foreign

than with

Also ficXeaYpos,

Salmas. ad Plin.

Hesych.

opviQdpiov TTOLov,

8eipT)s (q. v.), rather

MEAEAfPl'l.

'

p.

p.

KaroiKiSios opuis,

fj

connected with

Hesych.

ficXaYpiS,

612.

word, connected with

Meleager, Melicerles, &c.

Etym.

Perhaps

fifjpi}.

(cf.

Sem. Melek

as

Keller, Volksetym.

in
p.

IMelkart,

236, Lat.

180).

The Guinea-rowl, Numida

sp.

mentioned by Soph. Meleag. fr. ap. Plin. xxxvii. (2) il, the
Mentioned in
birds weeping tears of amber for the death of the hero.
connexion with amber also by Mnaseas ap. Plin. 1. c.
First

A
npos

full
TO.

fxiKpdu

description in Clytus Miles, ap. Athen. xiv. 655 c-f aaropyov

eKyova to opveov' to

npos TO

p.iv

peyedos opvidos yevvalov,

rfjv

te Ke({)a\rjv

CTw/xn KOI TavTr]v y^iXrjV, in' avTi]: de \6(})op adpKiPOP, (TKKrjpov,

(TTpoyyiiXov, (^\ovTa tvjs KiCpaXrjs oxinep ndTTaXov,

tcai

to ;^pw/xa ^vXoei8rj.

TO 8e a(op.a airav TtoiKiXov, peXavos ovtos tov \puipLnTOi oXov, tttlXois XevKo'n
Kol nvKuo'is SieiXrjppei'OP' rrapanXijaiai 6 flaip

a'l

dijXeuu toIs appeaLv, k.t.X.

MEAAMnvrOZ MEAEArPIZ
MEAEArPlI

II5

{continued).

Arist.

H. A.

H. A.
See

Epit.

quam

plerique

559 KnTta-Tiy^iiva ra
darepaTa.

vi. 2,

28

i.

coa ra>v fiiKfaypi^oov

cf.

Aristoph.

cpa

by Columella,

also the description given

Numidicam

viii. 8,

2 Africana est

dicunt, meleagridi similis, nisi

galeam (paleam, emend. Newton)

quod rutilam

cristam capite gerit, quae utraque

et

This passage from Columella is very

Greek peXeaypis and the Roman Gallitia
africana or ntanidica were different from one another, the latter having
a red wattle, the former a Mice. This would look as though the peXeaypls had sprung from what is now called Nmnida ptilorhyncha, an
Abyssinian species, and had been brought to Athens by way of Egypt
while the Afra avis originated in the Ntcmida meleagris of W. Africa.
See Newton, Diet, of Birds, p. 399, footnote.
The iieXeaypi^es mentioned, however, by Scylax, Periplus, were seen
beyond the Pillars of Hercules, in N. W. Africa, as were those mentioned by Mnaseas
and these were doubtless, therefore, of the redwattled species. Strabo and Diodorus report the birds as inhabiting
an island in the Red Sea Sophocles (1. c), speaks of them poetically
sunt in meleagride coerulea.

interesting as showing that the

as Indian.

Mentioned as sacred
Ilapdevov

Menodot.

Aetolia,

Ael.
te

Aepco

iv

iv.

42

birds, Clyt. Miles.

KoKovpivoi

01

el(TLV

c.

nepl 6e to lepov

the metamorphosis of the

Be'iov

Ka\

paWov

/cat

Sacrificed at the temple of

Were

in

sis

oaoi

atria laacri re ol Trjv vrjcrov

17

lb. V. 2/ to? 8 ev Aepco

fieXeaypiSas otto jxriSepos dSiKeicrdai Ta>v yap.\lfa)Vv)(cov opveav Xeyei

Tfj

in

"ApTepiv, ovk av noTe Ta)p8f

dWaxpQev.

everrri p.a6e'iv

of Meleager

sisters

rrjV

el

tSdv opvidciov enl Tpo<l)r]v Trpocrd'^aiVTO, Koi ^tis

(x. 32, 9,

Trjs

AlsO

fj.eXfaypi.des.

ap. Athen. xiv. 655 a.

apa alSovvrai to

olKovvres ttju Aepov

1.

opvtdes

IcTTpos.

Tithorea (Phocis), Pausan.

31

x.

ed. Teubn.).

peXeayplba' opveLs al ivepovro iv

kept also in the Acropolis
Hesych. opvea anep evefxovTO ev rrj dKporroXei' Xeyovai 8e
:

aKpoTToXei,

dSeX^a? tov MeXeaypov

ot fiev

8e Tas (TVVTjdeis 'loxaXXi'Sof

perajBaXe'iv

ttjs

ev

Tas peXenypidns opvidas,

els

Aepvrj napdevov,

Tifiwai

rjv

01

daip-oviuis,

Suid., Phot.

On
c.

I,

the story of the

metamorphosis,

Hygin. Fab. 174, Ovid, Met.

viii.

Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib.

cf.

534, Mart.

58, 15, Lactant.

iii.

viii. 4.

How

the Meleagrides fought around the

li.i\i.v(av)

Plin. x. (26) 38,

For other
ii.

references, see Antig. Caryst. xi

53 Afrae aves; Mart.

volucres

xiii.

75

iii.

58, 15

Stat. Silv.

Terpduj'); Petron. 93

tomb

of Meleager

(cf. s. v.

&c.

Varro,

i.

6, 78,

De

ii.

R. R.
I

Juv.

xi.

Numidicae guttatae

4,
iii.

28
9,

142
;

xiii.

Hor. Epod.
45 Libycae

Suet. Calig. 22 (vide

8, Sec.

s.

v.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

Il6
ME'MNiiN,

ficfifovis,

s.

Mcfifocos

s.

The

opi/is.

Ruff,

Machetes

piigiiax, L.

Mosch.

42 ov joaov atLonJiv iv ayKfai iralSa tov 'Aois lirTanei'os TTfpt

Paus. X. 3I, 6 p-efivovibes rnls opvKrlv i(niv

iii.

(Tana KivvpdTO Mffivovos opvis.

Kara 8e eVoj

ovofia,

7]
'

'EXXjjTTrdjTiot cf>aaiv avras fv elprjiiivaL^ rjpepais uvai

01

enl tov Mijivovoi tov Ta<poi>, Koi

re

noas

Ael. V.

nav

kotci

rjpcoos a<pi.KV(l<T6ai

tov p.vi]paTos bivbp(itv earlv

oirocrov

aaipovaiv ai opviOes koi vypols to2s TTTpo7s tov

/cat

vSari pulvovai.

AlarijTTov r<u

TOV

toito

\f/i\6v,

ovkovv tovs opiidas Tovi enavvpovs

8iaipe7cr3ai

eVor, Koi

re Koi diner xlCfadai.

k. r. X.: cf. Anecd.

Quint. Smyrn.
Bekk. ii. p. 25. See also Dion. De Avib. i. 8
Ovid, Met. xiii. 607,
Plin. x. (26) 37
Posthomer. ii. 645, et seq.

e^dpav

e's

8ia<Popdv, Kai pax(a6at p^X^'" KapTfpau,

ical

Paris.

Amor.

i.

The

13, 3

Solin.

40.

c.

by Cuvier (Grandidier's Phny,

identification, first suggested

combats or

certain, the

cit.), is

described

modern

for

'

hilling

loc.

of Ruffs being unmistakeably

'

Montagu, quoted

descriptions, see

in Yarrell,

At the same time, it is evident that the myth is

a very ancient one, and its connexion with this particular species of
bird and its peculiar annual combats may be a late version of an old
4th ed. vol.

iii.

p. 428.

and mysterious

story

cf Creuzer, Symb.

In other words,

181, &c.

ii.

though Pausanias and Aelian undoubtedly alluded to the Ruff,

not for a moment believe that Moschus did so. Vide s. v. dfTiil/uxoi.

ME'PMNOI,

Hesych., also Cram. Anecd. Oxon.

|jip|xi'Tj?,

s.

kind of hawk, sacred to Cybele, Ael.

xii.

i.

do

64, 24.

according to

Hesych., identical with xpiopxris-

The

ME'ROvI*.

"Bee-eater, Jl/erops apiasA'r,

peXiaa-ovpyus (Erh.),

and on Parnassus

In Arist. H. A.

559

depona

depoTTOvs,

vi. I,

iiepo-^, s. f'ipoy\r (Bk.), ov S' ol

Hesych. deponei, opvid

cf.

c. 18.

name

According

quam obarcham

Syra simply a bird,

H. A.

Arist.
VTTO

S'

e-HTis.

eV

('iKpcov

i'TTo

Tr]v

615 b

Tt)v

cf.

p. 325),

cpaal be Tives

prjTepa

pev vrroKaTO)

to'ls

[it

pereiv

d>)(p''iv, tci

TOiv TTTepvy'iuiv

dnwpnv

Lindermayer], eV

by Scotus, aves

foraminibus terrae, and by

Schneider

pepoinas

in Arist.

1.

now means

c.

in

opvis.

ix. 13,

naTepa Kal

TTTfpcov eVri TCI

Ta

in

Km

fKyovoiv OV povov yqpufTKovTns oXXii

Tcbv

TOV 8e

Graeci vocant

Bent (Cyclades, 1885,

to

Boiwroi KoKovaiv

Schol. in Ar. Av. 1354;

rjepo^ S. rjepoTTOs, Boios, ap.

similar to (3opydpr]s used

quae dicuntur Graece Boareia, ovant

Albertus M.,

^Xt(ro-o<^ayos,

Tiva, also

verb. dvTinfXapye'iv

Suid. in

Anton. Liber,

Mod. Gk.

L,.

l3opydpr]s (Heldr.).

ipvBpd

evdov.

TOVS peponas dvTfKTpe^^eadai

K.a\
fj

fldvs, orav oioi T

6'

I8ea tov

opvidos

daiv'
Ta>v

8e errdvco acrnfp ttjs oXkvovos Kvdvfov,

(cf.

Plin. X. {^iZ) 5^)-

'''''fft

8e TTfpi e^

ij

breeds in Greece about the middle of April,

Kptjpvols to'ls pnXaKots' eladveTai S'

('laai

Kiu TtTrnpas

MEMNS2N NEBPO<t>ONOZ
MEPO*

{cotttimied).

lb. vi.

TTTjxdf.
yfj

117

559

I,

o**

BotwTot KoKoiKTiv aepoTTa, us ras onas ev

"'

rrj

Karu^vofxevoi vforreifi fiovos.

On

the

filial

see Ael.

Tcov,

piety of fj,(po^, 6icaidraro? koi elae^eararos opvidav andv30, Plin, x.

xi.

51

i:^:^)

Mor. 976

cf.

H. A.

Is destructive to bees, Arist.

Boch. Hieroz.

p. 302.

ii.

626, Ael. v. 11,

x. 40,

Plut.

vii. 6,

Geopon. xv. 2, Phile 650, Virg. Georg. iv. 14.

Is said to fly backwards, Ael. i. 49.
A fabled metamorphosis, Boios, 1. c. 'AnoXkav 8e SpviOa fnoirja-e t6u
irmha rjeponov, os en vvv tlktu fiev vtto yTJs, del 8e iieXera neTfcrdai.
c,

MHAIKOI^ "OPNEII" M^Sot

common

In Latin a

The term

'

viii.

reading

INIedian bird

'

is

e)(ovTfs fXrjXvdaa-iv

dXcKxpowi'.

s. v.

iii.

Melicae gallinae;

9,
cf.

and Festus.

Colum.

1.

c.

applied also to the Peacock.

is

evrrrpir]^' 6

ad Ar. Ach. 6^

Cf. Schol.

Vide

Varr. R. R,

2,

Suid. M;StKos opvis' 6 raws. Id. rncbs

Ka\ dXaCoviKos opvis.

Hesych.

ciXfKTpvovfs,

Colum.

Cf. also Plin. X. 21,

MrjBiKos Kal xp^conrepos

^Kovrts dnb Ilepaidos raav

also Ar. Av. 707 6 8e HepaiKov opviv, ubi Schol. rives

raw

be Tov dXtKTpvova, 01 8e tov

cf.

also Clem. Alex. Paedag.

ii.

opveis

enl TovTois (TvvoovovvTai tovs dno (paaidos, drTnyas AlyvKTias, Mrjdov Tacova
ibid.

iii.

4 opveis 1v8ikovs, koi racovas MijdiKOvs

MONO'IIPOI.
opveis

yevvwvrai,

MO'P*NOZ.

breed of fowls

^AXe^avbpeia

e'v

Geopon.

rfj

in

Egypt.

Tvpos A'iyvTTTOv

ela-i,

e^ wv

ol p.axnioi

okeKTpvoves

xiv. 7, 30.

An Eagle

or Vulture.

In

Lammergeier.

the

Plin.,

Supposed to be connected with the idea of dark or black;

op(f)vr],

but
II.

Russ. 7nrachioe, Eng. murky.

= ^af^df,

xxiv, 315

eKTpecpovcri,

[p6p(pvos

cf.

a-Koreivos, Suid.,

Hesych.).

avrUa

5'

alerov

rjKe,

TeXeiorarov rrererjvav,
\

ov Kal TvepKvov KaXeovmv

p6p(f)vov 6r)pr]Trjp',

Porphyr. Schol.

also Heyne's
Hes. Scut. 134 pnp(pvolo <pXeyvao KaXvirropevoi nrepvyeaai.
Lycophr. 838 tov xP^^''^'^'''P'^^ fj.6p(f)vov.
According to Arist. H. A.
ix. 32, 618 b, identical with TrXdyyos and vr)TTo<^6vos (here also written
(cf. II. XX.

252

note, in loc).

fjLop4)os, p.op<f)6s)-

esse

prodidit,

Plin. X. 3

mutae

Phemonoe

nigerrimam, prominentiore Cauda.

frangere e sublimi iaciendo,

name

to a Vulture

Kvvr]yeTOv(Tiv,

MY'TTHH'

NE BPAE.

dXXa

ve[3paKes'

lingua

Ingenium
Cf. Suid.,

eldos derov'

veKpols (Ti>ixa<n Tpe(f)0VTai.

opvis noios,

NEBPO*0'NOI.

&.c.

finp<pvos,

Apollinis dicta

carentique

alias,

filia

01 lippeves veoTTol tS>v

H. A.

ix.

definitely

p,6voi he ovtol

Vide

S.

dXeKTpvovav,

32, 618 b

ei

est ei testudines raptas

who

V.

apphes the

rav

neroif ov

ueXakdeTOS.

Hesych.

Arist.

dentes

eandem aquilarum

Hcsych.

= iruYapYos,

q. v.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

Il8

NE'PTOI.

Vulture.

Ar. Av. 303, mentioned together with yv\l/ and i<pa|, Hesych. vepros'
This word, hitherto
01 8e eldos opveov (i.e. a species of vulture).

Upa^'

unexplained,

conjecture to be the

nCJfpI, a Vulture:

Chaeremon,

cf.

"^ ^

Egyptian

and Lauth,

fr. 9,

in

nerf,

Copt.

Horap.

i.

3,

Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad., 1876, p. 73.

NH"TTA, Boeot. vacraa (Ar. Ach. 875).

Lith.

A.

antis,

endearment), Ar.

See also

Arist. H. A.

593 b included

viii. 3,

eipiv

nXarvv oXov,

(4,

term of
vx\x-:\.ov,

among

ibid.

ii.

rh.

^apvnpa

7, 5*^9 o'ro/Lta;\;oi/

ex"395 c 6 appqv yn'i^wv Km noiKiXaTepos.

allusion to the particoloured plumage of the Common Drake,

Alex.

An

ko).

Mynd.

or else of

Use

as Food.

^2 ^^

Herod,

iii.

R. R.

iii.

(i.

in the

Comic

On

359 d).

Colum.

11,

ov deiTai,

k. t. X.

ras vqacras

Poets.

wjjlovs

Its

aireovrai,

wholesomeness,

Roman vt](TcroTpo(pela, see

Mode of capture, Dion. De

the

viii. 15.

23.

Brought as tribute

to Indian kings, Ael.

Myth and Legend. Sacred

Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib.

was metamorphosed

xiii.

25.

Poseidon, Ar. Av. 566.

According to
one of the Emathides, daughters of Pierus,

c. ix,

to

into the bird

defence against the eagle,

Use

11 48.

AlyvTTTioi

"/y

ii.

Frequent

Plut. V. Cat. Maj. xxiii

De

Av.

in Ar.

o}8iva)V ecrri vqKTiKTj, Koi fjiadflv

TTpoTapixeva-apTes.

Avib.

ix. 52.

some wild Duck,

V.

Varro,

dTTo(f)vd8as

ap. Athen.

Ael.

Its

(a

316);

j3oo-Kds, y^iuxio*', n'T)i'\ov|.

tS)p UTeyavonobaiv' nepl Trora/ious Koi Xifivas iar'iv

e;(et

Cf. Lat. anat-is,

cTjTrdpioi'

loii, Menand. Inc. 422

PI.

Nicostr. Antyll. 3 (3, 280),

Description.

Duck.

Dim.

Ger. Ente.

S. ened,

vrjaa-a.

cf.

Phile,

De An.

the herb sideritis as a remedy, Plin.

Pr. xiv.

27.

viii.

A "Weatlier-prophet. Ael. vii. 7 nTtpvyl^ovcrai nvevfia SrjXovcnv laxvpov

cf.

Arist.

Theophr.

241, 1522 b;

fr.

De

Sign.

fr.

vi.

18,

28;

Arat.

918, 970.

NHTTOKTO'NOI,

s.

Aquila naevia

on

>'titto<J)o'09.

vide

s. v.

Xayw't'o^'OS, irXdyyos,

KlpKos. vrjTTOKTovos, Phile,

ix.

32,

618 b

NOYMH'NIOI.

kind of Eagle, the Anataria of

Supposed, by Sundevall, to be the Spotted Eagle,

Plin. X. 3.

fJiop4)i'os

dXideTos.

Compare, however,

the notes

&C.

De An.

and

An unknown

Pr. xiv. 6.

TrXdyYos, q. v.
bird,

vrjrTo(j)6vos, Arist.

H. A.

Cf. Ael. v. ^^.

opveov opioiov drTaya- o KOI Tpo^iXos,

Hesych.

TroveTh. ^vvrjXdov oTTayds

re

koi

vovfirjvios,

Suid., &C.

(for

other

NEPTOZ NYKTIKOPAE
NOYMHNIOI

II9

{contimied).

references vide

s.

v.

In

drraYag).

all

bird associated with moon-worship

was some

probability, vovixijvios

we have an obscure

indication

of a kindred symbolism in the case of drrayas, in the statement that

that bird

hostile to the

is

obscure

That aTtayas had some

(Ael. vi. 45).

though

plain,

the

precise

friendship with the Stag,

its

may

in

allusion

and the

the frequent reference to the bird as ttoikIXos,

ment of

Cock

seems

mystical signification

is

state-

time furnish a clue to the

For my part, I imagine I discern a stellar attribute in the

one bird, and a lunar in the other. Tradition, of doubtful antiquity,
associates the name Numenius with the Curlew, and it may well have
this or some similar bird with a decurved or crescentic bill.
mystery.

NYKTAI'ETOZ*

opvts

NYKTIKO'PAE,

Upos "Hpas, 6

s.

Owl, Slrix

eared.

Koi ipa>8i6s,

oius,

L.

Hesych.

Cf. I'UKTiKopa^.

Probably the Horned or Long-

kuKTOKopa^, Hesych.

but perhaps also applied to the

Wight-Heron.
H. A.

Arist.
lb.

viii. 3,

597 b

viii. 12,

592 b

yXai^, ^pvas.

fVt

rav

lb. ix. 34,

dSwarel

Sera TTjS f]p,epas

tw

'ivioi

vvKrepivo^v

a>Tov vvKTiKopana KoXovaiv (loc. dub.).

ynp.'^avvx^s elaiv, olov vvKTiKopa^,

'ivioi

689 b yXavKes

8e

^Xeireiv, ti]s vvktos

TTopi^erai' drjpevet 8e p.is koi aavpa^, k.t. A.

in a similar passage, KopaKes

H. A.

Arist.

ii.

17,

509 dnocfivdSas

vvKTtKopn^

is,

vvKTiKopaKSs, Koi ra Xoirra

Cf.

Athen.

rrjv Tpo(f>r]v

353

viii.

a,

avrois

where

= vvKTinopaKes.

or absent altogether in the Herons

the Owls.]

Km

pev drjpevovra

e'xet.

[The caeca are rudimentary

they are large and conspicuous in

therefore, in Arist. a nocturnal, rapacious bird,

confounded with, wto?. It can scarcely be other than

the Long-Eared Owl.
It corresponds to Heb. D13, an Owl, in Ps. 102. 6 (LXX).
identical with, or

bird of evil omen.

yap eTTepxerai

Horap.

tols veocraois Ta>v

eirepxerai.

With

the Crows,

s.

ii.

25 WKrtKopa^ ddvarov

a-rjpaivei'

Koponmv Kara ras vvktos, w?

this passage, cf. the

vv. yXaul, Kopdyi]

ddvaros

acpvco

dcpvco

legendary hostility of the Owl and

there

is,

however, a very similar story

of epuSio;.

Anth. Pal.
6vr](TKfi

Aen.

iv,

462

186 pvKTiKopa^ u8u

xi.

KaiTos
:

vvKTKopa^.

vide also

s.

v.

Puas.

raven, trompe of doleful drere,'

dnvaTrjefydpov, nX\' oti'v aa-rj

Cf. also Spenser's

an old confusion between

Ardea nycticorax, L. Gesner (ed. cit.,
is

'

Ai]p6(fii\o9,

Owl, Virg.

hoarse night-

iS:c.

fabled metamorphosis, Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

There

Cf. thc curvieti ferale of the

this bird
p. 357),

c.

xv

cf.

xapa8pi(59.

and the Night-Heron,

discussing the discrepant

opinions regarding w/cTtKopa|, figures the Night-Heron, and adds,

'

Wir

haben hierbey die Figur des Vogels gesetzt, welcher zu Strasburg ein
Nachtram anderswo ein Nachtrabe geheissen wird, welcher doch

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

I20
NYKTIKOPAH

And

{contimud)

Bedenckens weder

meines

ein

noch

Caprimulgus

Nycticorax

ist.'

Gaza

the confusion thus introduced seems to have been aided by

having translated wKTiKopa^ by cicuma (Gr.

misspelt ciciinia, ciconia (vide Belon,

c.

ii.

afterwards

KiKUfjiiS) q-v.),

Camus,

36,

p. 250).

ii.

all appear to apply

an Owl, yet Ardea purpurea, ftycticorax, and other Herons are said
further, it has been shown
to be now called vvKTiKopa^ (Erh., Heldr.)
above that the attributes of epuibios are in part nocturnal. Lastly, it
must be noted that there are evidences of Egyptian influence in the
vide s. v. di'oiraia.
stories both of epwfitoy and wKTiKopa^

Nevertheless, although the above-cited passages

to

An unknown

Ol'NA'NeH.

H. A.

Arist.

ix.

bird.

49 B, 633

{loc.

dub.) aipavl^erai de Kni ^v Kokovai rivei

nlvdvdrjv dvlaxovTos tov (Tfipiov, tvofievov 8e (paiverai'

^vxT], 0T Se Tr)v dXeav.

TO.

parra,

ib. xviii. 69,

Cf. Plin. X. (29)

or vz'/iparra,

ib. x. (33) 50.

Belon (Nat. des Oiseaux, vii. 12)

Wheatear, which {Saxicola oetianthe,

OTNA'Z.

kind

Columha
T]

of

Pigeon

L.

Also

first

L.)

Poll.

Vide

infra,

yap ore pev

retains

22

v. oii'ds.

to the

it.

Rock- Pigeon,

wild

the
vi.

s.

name

applied the

still

probably

olkias,

(peuyei

perhaps identical with

olvlai

be

Ka\

olvus,

aypia TrfpiCTTepd.
v. 13, 544 b opvis TrepiorepoftS/jy, piKpcS pd^wv rf)? nepiarepas.
593 eXdrruv 8e (^afios. Ib. vi. I, 558 b biTOKei, i.e. lays two
De Gen. iv. jj, iii. 9, Plin. x. 79 (58). Arist. H. A. viii. 3. 593 tov

H. A.

Arist.
Ib.

livia,

45

viii. 3,

eggs

cf.

(j)6ivonu>pov Koi (paiverai,

paXiara KanTovarji to

pdXiara

Koi aKicrKerai'

v8a>p' dcpiKvovvTai 8

fj

8'

aXaxris avT?]S yiverai

els Toiis tottovs

tovtovs ex.ovcrai

VfOTTOVS.
Arist. ap.

1]

olvds

Athen.

<palvTai

olvcionov.
fciv

ix.

(payovcra to

l^iav (pveadai

bpveov elbevai

cf.

Xl^rj

394 a

(fidivoTvaipa)

pei^oiv eaTl Trjs Trfpio-repur, xp^l^^ ^^ ^X^'

p6v(o.

l^las

Trjs

Plin. xvi. (44) 93,

ovaav, ov pfjv

Athen.

aneppa

cos

s. v.

ib.

394 e Xeyfrat

^'

on

eVi tivos d(po8ev(Trj 8ev8pov, Ibiav

pahanbes.

Ael.

iv.

Xeyei 8f

TivfS apTreXof.

pei^ov pev avTo eivai (pdTTtjs, TTepicrTfpds ye prjv tJttov.

58 t^v olvd8a
'

ApicTTOTfXrjs

Mentioned

also,

Lyc. 358.
oii/a8o0iipas, in Sparta,

The passage

a dove-catcher, Ael.

1.

c.

and the discrepancy between the accounts of

the bird's size, indicate that olvds was a little-known word. The later
Greeks and early commentators derived it from olvos, with reference to
the colour of the bird (Athen. 1. c, Eustath. ad Odyss. p. 475, ed. Basil.)
or to its appearance in the vintage-season {tov cpdivoTrcopov)
hence
Gaza translates it Vinago and most moderns have identified it with
the Stock-dove, C. oenas, L., whose breast is purple-red.
But the
word is more probably identical with the Hebrew n:V,Jona//, as has
been suggested by Casaubon in Athen. p. 617, and Bochart, Hieroz. ii.
in Aelian,

NYKTIKOPAE OKNOZ.
OINAZ

(co)2t2)tueif).

Cf. 'icScas,

2.

121

Hesych., also Tzetz. Chiliad,

vii.

126.

[The same word

supposed by some to give its name to the island of S. Colu!nba.'\

It was then probably either a sacred name, introduced with a foreign
cult, or else a Phoenician sailor's name, especially for the wild Rockpigeons of the coast and on this latter interpretation the passage in
Arist. viii. 3, 593 would refer naturally to an autumn flight inland from
is

the sea-board breeding-places.

Oii/orpoTTot, who were turned into doves, Lye. 570, cf. Simon,
24 (39), ap. Schol. Horn. Od. iv. 164, Serv. Virg. Aen. iii. 8, Ovid,
Met. xiii. 674, &c., may derive their name from the same root, and the
story of their turning water into wine may then be due to a case of

The

fr.

Volksetymologie.'

By

word, and

this

Semitic root,

its

would seek

to explain the

curious 'canting heraldry' which represents the constellation of the

Pleiads as a bunch of grapes, and gives to

it

the

name ^orpus {^ot^w

486 Ideler, Sternnamen, p. 317).

On coins of Mallos in Cilicia, we have Doves represented, whose
bodies are formed by bunches of grapes, and in other cases the dove
is lost and replaced simply by the grapes: on the relation of these

yap

Xeyovcrtv, Schol.

avTcis

figures

and

their other associated

M.

Pleiad, see

xviii.

II.

symbols to the constellation of the

Svoronos, Bull, de Corresp. Hellen., 1S94,

J.

p. 107,

<S:c.

imagine that an old confusion, intentional or unintentional, between

olvds and olvoi may have been the cause of this strange and unwonted
prefigurement of the constellation. The association of the dove with
I

the bunch of grapes survives in early Christian symbolism

Diss. XIII.

De Gemmis

Astrif. Christian, (vol.

The symbolic meaning

similar derivation

olvds,

which

dypiav TTtpiarepav.

Arist.

H. A.

viii.

Cf.

3,

with Tvpavvos, eniXais,

On

in the case of olvdvQt].

word Hesych.

An unknown

OTlTPOI.

Gorius,

cf.

Hesych. a kind of Raven, but probably

to

latter

p. 249) 1750.

here assigned to olvds tends to suggest a

and interpretation

According

OI'NIA'H.

iii.

interprets yevos KopaKos'

ol

Be

"^oivif.^.

small bird.

592

b,

mentioned as a small insect-eating bird

SiC.

the assumption that olarpos (the Gad-fly) must denote

some very

small bird, Sundevall follows the mediaeval naturalists in identifying

with the Willow-wren, Sylvia

trochiliis, L.,

it

our smallest bird next to

the Gold-crests.

"OKNOI,

s.

hKVQ%.

in Arist.

Pausan.

H. A.
x. 29,

bird of the

ix. i,

2 okvov

609
S'

Heron

b, 18,

kind, with fabulous attributes

617, Ael.

ouv koI fiavreoov

ol

v.

36

daTepias,

q.v.

opoivns tovs oIcdvovs KoKovcri

122

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

OKNOI

{coiitimicd).

Tiva oppida, Kai eariv ovtos 6 okvos fieyitrros

fie

liX'Xos Tis dpv'idciv, cnrdvios

icm

fxiv

Ka\ kuXXkttos (pabiwv, el

Kai ovtos.

According to Boios ap. Anton. Lib. c. vii, Autonous was metamorphosed into the bird okvos, on coKvrja-e dnf^daai ras Ittttovs, his son being
turned into an ipu>bi6s. On Ocnus as a mythological character, cf.
Diodor.

i.
97, p. 109, Pausan. 1. c, &c.
Probably a foreign word, and perhaps Egyptian (cf. Ael., Diod. 1. c).
Bearing in mind the close connexion of the Heron with Athene, I am
almost tempted to see in okvos a distorted reflection of Onkh, "Oyya,
"Oy Kas (Hesych.), &c., a mystical name of the same goddess. Vide s. v.

o.va.yKr\<i.

OAAITOl',

'OAKA'I-

s.

oXaroi' a-TzepnoXoyoi,

Hesych.

dt]8o)v,

'ONOKPO'TAAOI.

{loc.

Hesych.

dud. ct

7nutiliis).

Pelican.

Plin. X. (47) 66, Mart. xi. 21, Hieron. in Lev. xi. iS, &c.

Hieroz.

ii.

'OPEINO'Z.
Arist.

species of alyiGaXos, q.v.

H. A.

592 b

viii. 3,

ereyjoj

Also a name or epithet, like

'OPEl'THZ.

s. v.

opavos, Sta to tiarpi^eiv iv

opeiTTj?, of

ro'is

Hawk

or Eagle

cf.

Plut.

irepKvoiTTcpos.

Hawk, mentioned

kind of

'OPGOKO'PYAOI.

A name

or epithet for a

with Kcyxpiiis, Ael.

Lark

(verb, dub.)

ii.

43.

Alciphro

48.

"OPNIGEI MEI'ZONEI
HpaKXfiovs

'OPO'ZniZOI.
Arist.
[ti Trept]

in

6'

iv. 9.

'OPEiriEAAPro'l, vide

iii.

Boch.

ovpaiov paKpov ixoiv.

optcriv,

Amat.

cf.

276.

BOii'N.

The

H. A.

ap. Ael. xvii. 14 vnep^aXav ras

iapaKfvai opvidus Ttvas koi pei^ovs

59^ b

(rnl^ij

Spoios koL to peyedos TvapanXjjcrios' e\ei

Tov ai\fva Kvavovv, koI StoTpi^ei iv toIs opeaiv.

The MSS. have

'OPTA'AIXOI.

Also

(Stratt. ^oiv. 2,

Theocr.

xiii.

/3owi'.

Blue-throat, Cyatiecula snea'ca, L.

viii. 3>

Greece (Lindermayer,

able.

Eudox.

(TTrjXas iv Xtpvais

The

p. 104), nevertheless its identity is

several variants in the

dpraXi's,

bird

is

rare

unmistake-

name.

Nic. Alex. 295, &c.

Boeotian word

781) for a Chick.

12 ov$' Sttok opTaXi^^oi pivvpol

Ach. 871 and Schol.

0pp. Hal. V. 579.

Aesch. Ag.

54.

ttotI koItov opcoev.

Cf. Ar.

Applied to Swallow-chicks,

OKNOI OPTYH.
The Corn-crake

'OPTYrOMH'TPA.

Crex

auctt.

prate7tsis,

cf.

or Land-rail, Ralbis crex, L.,

and

(Erh.),

(vide

S. V.

wading

Re

It.

H. A.

irapaTrkriaios tijv nop(prjU to7s Xifivalois

PHn.

cf.

a bird which accompanies the quails

597 b;

12,

KUYpauos):

still

Cyclades peBiyovaXia

in the

di quaglie.

viii.

birds)

Mod. Gk.

In

KuxpafAos.

Kpe'l,

called opTvyofirjTpa (Heldr. &c.),

Arist.

123

x.

33

Frider.

De

ii

(i.

to the

e.

Arte Venandi,

9 et

i.

modus rallorum terrestrium, quae dicuntur duces coturnicum.

Mynd. ap. Athen. ix. 393 a eorl t6 p-eyedos ijXiKi] rpvyaiv, aKeXr] de

Alex.
paKpc'i,

8v(r6(i\rjs KoX Sei'Ar;.

Cratin.

158) ap. Athen. I.e.

(2.

associated

Latona,

with

Ar. Av. 870

oprvyoprjrpa.

'idaKrja-la

'OpTvyopr^Tpa,

Ajjrot

Schol.

cf.

Argum.

in

Pythiorum Pindari.
In Hesych. oprvyoprjTpa = opTv^ vneppeyedr]!. The word is used also
by the LXX, and by the Fathers, for oprv^ (Ex. xvi. 13 Numb. xi. 31,
32 Ps. cv. 40) according to Bochart (Hieroz. ii. 94) qua tamen voce
libentius usi sunt, quam simplici oprvyes, ne crederetur Deus gregarias
;

coturnices Israelitis immisisse, sed

"OPTYH-

Hesych. yoprv^,

Sk. Texts,

i.

i.

112. 8),

cf.

who

ap. Chaerob.

Arist. H. A.
dW em

Description.

Alex.
appevos
nXrjv

el pf] ti

ra

napd

exoiv,

viro

to7s

ex^t.

ii.

ttttjtikos

ib. ix. 9,

536 paxupevos

ib, iv. 9,

614 eVi

(fideyyerai'

*]

Biexei 8' 6

Alex.

Kap8iav

ii.

8'

H. A.

ix.

8,

15,

506b npos

Koi

npo

Trjs

npoXo^os tov

Mynd.

1.

C.

toIs e'vrepoLS T7jv

yaarpos tov

;^oXr;j/

e)(ei.

evpvv Kal

(rTopLa)(ov

yaaTpos aTop.dxov (tvxvov

irpo Tr}S

dvarprjdels 8e

npoXo^ov ovx opaTai

e^ft peydXrjv, Koi TavTT]v rpiXn^ov, k.t.X.

West and Breeding-habits.

Arist.

ix. 392 c 6 drjXvs oprv^ XeirTOTpdxrjXos icrn, tov

rw yeveia peXava. Pratm. lb. d8v(f)a}vov tov oprvya,
to'is AdKuiai (pQivrjevTes, w? 01 neptiKes.
^Xiaaiois

npoXo^ov

Ka\

KQTci peyedos.

peyav

597 b ov

vi. 12,

rijy yrjS

Arist. H. A.

nXnTvv exovTa'

as

Philem.

ap. Athen.

OVK. e)(oiiv

509

oi 'Arrt/col Xe'youo-t

oprvKoi, in

6 apprjv, al de OrjXfiai ovk adovaiv.

Mynd.

Anatomy.
ib. 17,

opruyioi',

the quantity of

82.

i.

fieVSpov ov Kadi^ei,

fiaWov aSei

Gen.

iv i^airdKiva-iv ^Apiaroipaprjs.

8r]Xo'i

Dim.

On

e.

more

Quail, Cotiirnix

oprvKiov.

392

ix.

Phot., p. 350, 10 opTvyas' crv(jTeX\ovT(s

u, cf.

TO V

The

returns.

oprvKi,

Eupolis and Antiph. ap. Athen.

the

int. al., IMuir's

(cf.,

Lat. veriere, Lit. the dmicerl^), or

Mod. Gk.

auctt.

nobilissimas!

Sk. vart-ika

foprv^.

e.

probably and simply, the one

vulgaris,

earum

613 b, 614:

description, together with TrepSi^,

full
cf.

ib.

vi.

559.

i,

Cf.

Xen. Memor.

I, 4-

Migrations.
BoT]8popiu)vos.

Arist.

H. A.

moTepoi tov

viii.

12, 597.

cf)6ivoTTwpov

Migrate

pdXXov

rj

in

September, tov

tov eapos.

01 S

oprvyes

:'

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

124

OPTYE
orav

{continued).

iav

efinea-axTiv,

eav 6e votos,

fiev

x.^\eTra>s

eidla

^opeiov

fj

8ia

ex^ovcri

to

(xvvhvix^ovTai re Ka\ evrjfiepovcriv.

rj,

eivai

firj

vypos yap

TTTrjTiKoi'

Kai

j3apvs 6 avepos' 8i6 Kai ol drjpfvovTes ovk enixft-povcnv iidias' Toli voriois 8

ov 7TToPTat Sto TO /3dpo?'

TTovovcn

orav

6'

ivTiidfv anaipaxriv,

Dion.

Cf.

TO acopa, 5t6 Kai (Sowiref Trerofrai*

TToXv ycip

orav pev ovv eKeWeu Trnpa^aWcoaiv, ovk e)(ovaiv rjyfpnvns.

yi'ip.

De

Avib.

y)

Te yXcoTTls avvnTraipei. Kai

30; Plin.

i.

x.

33 (23)

Varro,

opTvyopijTpn, k.t.X.

rj

De Re

Rust.

iii. 5,

7.

The connexion between the quails' flight and the wind is well known
cf. Numb. xi. 31
Joseph. Ant. iii. I, 5.
Modes of capture. With a mirror, Clearch. Sol. ap. Athen. ix. 393
;

opTvyes nepl tov

ol

Trjs

^po\ov

Ka\ Ttpo TOvTov

Tpe)(0PTes Trpos tov p(paiv6pfvov ev to)

With a

epniTTTovcnv els tov ^poxov.

iii.

With

9.

iav KUTOTTTpou e| ivavTias Ti? avTccv

ox^eias Knipov,

6fjy

sort of scare-crow, Dion.

nets simply, on the coast of Egypt, Diodor.

catcher, oprvyodrjpns, Plat. Euthyd. 290

D.

Cf. Arist.

60.

i.

H. A.

KnTonTpa

De

Avib.

quail-

ix. 8,

614

ovto) 8e a(p68pa Kai ol TrepdiKa Kai ol opruye? iTVTorjVTai irepi Tqv o;((emf, oicrr
els

Tovs drjpevovTas

ttoWukis Kadi^dvovaiv eni Tas KeCpaXas.

e'pjviTTTOvcTi Kai

Abundance and cheapness

elai vvv [ol Taa>ves^ tS>v

Antiph. ap. Athen.

cf.

opTvyav.

In Egypt, according to Herod,

TapixevtjavTes

Morea,

the

in

cf.

Oiseaux,

397 nXelovs

ix.

5'

Juv. Sat. 12. 97.

ii.

77 tovs opTvyas i>pa aiTeovrai, npoOn potted Quails

s. v. yjLvviov.

Diodor. I.e.: vide

cf.

G. St. Hilaire ap. Bory de St. Vincent, Mort^e,

p. 35.

Domesticated and pet Quails: Ar. Pax 7S9 oprvyas olKoyevels cf. Ar.
Arist. Probl. x. 12, i
Plut. V. Alcib. i. 195 E, Mor. ii. 799 D
Varro, iii. 5, 2
M. Anton, i. 6. A lover's gift, Ar. Av. 707, Plat. Lys.
:

Fr. 36;

E:

211

Hence

cf.

Plant. Capt. v. 4,

(piXopTv^, Plat. Lys.

212

vide Jacobs ad Anthol.

(piXopTvyorpocfjeo),

x.

Artemid.

iii.

p.

13.

5,

&c.

Quail-fights.
Lucian, Anach. ^7 (2, 918); Plat. Lys. 211 E; Plut.
930 E, cock and quail-fights between Antony and Caesar (cf. Ant. and
CI. ii. 4 and his quails ever Beat mine, inhoop'd at odds ')
ibid. ii. 207 B

i.

'

how

Egypt a procurator of Augustus killed and ate a victorious

and how retribution fell on him Ovid, Amor. ii. 6, 27, &c. This
still common among the Chinese, Malays, &c., was practised

in

quail,

sport,

in Italy in Aldrovandi's time (Ornith.

p. 596).

For a Chinese picture of a

or

(cf.

TrjXia

Shakspeare,
ed.).

supra,

p.

22,

s.

v.

ii.

p.

74

cf.

quail-fight,

dXeKxpuoif),

see

Voss.,

De

Idol. c. 86,

showing the
Douce's

'

hoop

Illustr.

of

cf. also Bell's Travels in China, i. p. 404 (8vo

367
See also Becker's Charicles, The birds are said to have been

p.

stimulated to fight with bells, cf Schol. in Ar. Lys. 485

see also Aristarch. ap. Harpocrat. s. v. SiEKuSui/iae.
Ouail-striking,
oprvyoKOTTos, Plat.

opTvyoKonia, Jul.

Com.

Pollux,

IlepiaXy. 4, ap.

ix.

Athen.

107.
xi.

506

(aKcoficoftcrror)

The

player was

or arvcpoKonos.

OPTYE.

OPTYH

{continued).

125

'

Ar. Av. 1299 and Schol.

Ludis Graecorum,

Plut.

Q{.

34 D,

ii.

Gronov. Thes. Ant. Gr.

in

Immunity from poison. Arist. De

eXXe/Sopo? avdpanrois

Plant.

979.

820 b

5,

8e ToTi oprv^i.

BijXrjTtjpioi, Tpn(f)i]

fiiv

De

See also Meursius,

vii. p.

voa-Kva/ios

koi

Cf. Plin. X.

23

Geopon. xiv. 24, Galen. De Ther. ad Pison. i. 4, De Alim. Fac.

ii.
6, De Temper, iii. 4, Basil. Hexaem. v. p. 59 (ed. Paris), Eustath.
Hexaem. p. 9, Ambros. Hexaem. iii. 9, &c., Lucret. iv. 641. For similar
(23),

oriental

refif.,

see Bochart,

ii.

97, 98.

Legend cf Delos. Phanodem.

6<jOV

AfjXov

ayeXas

rtov

ap. Athen.

urjaov rrjp vtto tcov

Ti)v

^uav ToCrav

TO fvopfiov flvai ...

ap)(a'LCL>v

cf)fpofj.fvas

Cf. Serv.

ix.

392 d wy Kureldev

eK tov neXayovs i^aveiv els ti)v vrjaov Sia

ad Aen.

iii.

On

y;^.

the metamorphosis

of Artemis, Leto, and Asteria into Quails, see Apollod.

Apoll. Rhod.

'Epvcri;^-

KoXovfievrjv 'Oprvyiav Trap" o ras

i.

4, i,

Schol.

In
308, Hygin. Fab. 53, Tatian, Adv. Graec. c. xvi, &c.
yet another version it is Zeus himself who appears as a Quail
Argum.
i.

Pyth. Pindari, ed. Bockh,

ii.

p. 297.

Legend of Herevdes. Eudox.

T(S
tls

ap. Athen.

Ai3vr)v avnipedrjvnt fxev vno Tvcfxovos,

opTvya KOI TTpocrayayovTOs u(T(f)pavdevTn

Eustath. in Od.

Zenob.

v.

Paris.,

i.

56

ol

^oiviks Qvovat

cf.

vii.

10

Apostol.

Paroemiogr. Gr.

cf.

avTcS npotreveyKaVTOi

Arist. Probl. XXX.

I.

xiii. I

Eutecnius

p. 143.

i.

read opvya for oprvya, the

in

Cram. Anecd.

In this passage various

Gazelle being

sacred

to

Jablonski, Panth. 197, Dupuis, Orig. de tous les Cultes,

350, Creuzer,

Symb.

ii.

100, Boch., I.e.; but the

The

justified, cf. Stark, op. infra cit.

epilepsy, the

'loXaov 8

dvii^iaivai

Prov. opTv^ eaaxrev 'HpaAcX^ tov KapTtpov,

60, p. 1702.

xi.

Diog.

p. 31

commentators

Typhon
ii.

392 d

ix.

'HpaKXel oprvyas 8ia to tov 'HpaKXia tov ^Acrrfpias Koi Aios TTopfvopevov

morbus

Ouaii's brain

comitialis or herculeus, Galen, Parat. Facil.

155, Plin. X. (23) 33.

Vaitika, the Quail,

among

it

the Hindoos:

emendation is not
was a specific for

is

as the

emblem

is

said to be a solar

iii.

emblem

of the returning Sun, that

figures in the legend of Delos, the birthplace of Phoebus,

and

it

in that of

Hercules, the slayer of Typhon.

The

and
Hermann, De Apoll. et Diana, Opusc. vii. p. 310 (1839).
See also, for a still more elaborate investigation, Stark, Die Wachtel,
Sterneninsel und der Oelbaum im Bereiche phoinikischer und griechiprincipal allusions to the Island of Ortygia are collated

discussed by

scher Mythen,

seems clear

to

K. Sachs. Ges.

Ber.

me

d.

Wiss., 1856, pp. 32-120.

that in the superstitions regarding the Quail,

the sacred reputation of Ortygia, the main point

the Solar Tropic

cf.

Od.

xv.

403

vriuos

tis ^vpir)

OpTvyirji KadvTTfpdev, odi TpoTrai rjeXioio.

uKovfis,
I

with reference to

KeKX/jtr/cerai,

The

in

e'i

Quail derived

nov
its

name, from the circumstance that it returned

with the returning Sun, and Ortygia was some spot where the rpoTrai
sanctity,

and perhaps

is

It

and

its

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

126

OPTYE

[contimied).

were observed and their

r\i\ioio

Nem.
The word OPTYroOHPA, on

Deles.

Pind.

Cf. (int. al.)

p. 258,

supposed

is

S:c.)

celebrated,

festivals

old in

of

as

i.

coins of Tarsus (Mionnet, Suppl.

to refer to a similar

symbolic

vii.

festival (Stark,

op. c, p. 44).

Hostile to TT^KiKav, Ael.

vii.

H. A.

Arist.

9-

ix.

45, Phile, 684.

615 o

rov

vi.

11,

lipa.^

Tt)v

prey to hawks, Ael.

oprvyos Kapdiav ov

KaTecrdUi.

How

the Quails, migrating, carry each three stones, to hear by

De

drgpping them whether they be over the sea, Dion.

Avib.

i.

30

cf.

Plin. X. 33 (sand for ballast) ; cf. s.v. y^'p'^5.

An obscure allusion in Lye. 401 rvfi^os de yeiroov oprvyos ntTpovfievrjs]
rpepoiv (PvXd^ei po^dov Alyalas aXos.

Proverbial Eeferences. Philostr. V. Sophist.,

p.r]

yap

8i)

Athen.

fv relx^i iTrnvTrj^a>p.iv

392 C w?

ix. p.

"OPXIAOZ,

8fj

ri noLflv

253 (ed. Kayser)

Antiph. ap.

(pvcriv,

bwdiievos oprvyiov ^vxqi' eX'^"

Wren

Probably the

opxiXos.

s.

av

p.

oprvyav avaxlrdpevoL

Hesych.

rpdxiXos.

cf.

opviddpiov Ta>v fvavrjTcov' Xeyerai 6e vno tivcop craKTriylKJTi^i

Phot.

cf.

351. 12.
Ar. Av. 569 ^ao-iXevy eVr' opxiXos opvts
Mentioned also Ar. Vesp. 15 13.

cf.

Plin. viii.

trochiliis,

2>lt

X. 95.

Arist.

H. A.

ix. I,

609 yXav^

Kai opyCkos noXepia,

to.

yap

(oa

KarfaOUi

T^? yXniiKOf.

sign of rain, Arat. 1025 opxiKos ^

Cf Theophr. De
Lib.

c.

xiv,

K.a\

eptdevs bvvcdv is Ko'CKas 6)(ds.

According to Nicand. ap. Anton.

Alcander, son of Munychus, was metamorphosed into the
Sign.

vi. 3. 39, 4. 53.

bird op^tkos.

An

evil

hymenaeis

omen

Schn. in Arist.
rjeiae

at

orchilus.
1.

weddings Avienus in Arat. 1. c. infestus floricomis

Cf. Euphor. ap. Tzetz. ad Lycophr. p. 83 (cit.
:

c), ttoiklXov ovSe peXadpov opx^Xos

'inTTj

Kv^ikos.

ov8'

KdKov ydjxov X.dop.(vos Kp($-

opxiXos and rpoxiXos (qu. r-opxiXos) are probably identical words,

and of foreign origin.
KopOiXos (q. v.) may be yet another corrupt
form. Lauth (in Horap. i. 57, Sitzungsber. d. Bayer. Akad. 1876, p. 107),

comparing Copt.

may

explain,

opxiXos

by

and of

its

OTp<L

avz's,

and

OTDO

f'^^,

affords a hint

which

referring to an Egyptian source, the origin both of

synonym or

epithet ^aaiXevs.

'OITOKATA'KTHI, 'OITOKAA'ZTHI, 'OZTOKO'PAH.

In Byz. Gk. for

ossi/ragus.

OY'PAH.

The Athenian name

for rerpi^ (q-v.), Arist.

H. A.

vi. i,

559.

OPTYE HEAAPrOI.

OY'Pl'A.

Athen.

127

kind of water-bird.
395 e ^ 6e \eyo^fvr] ovpia ov noXii XfiTTfrai
ecrri, to he pvyxps paKpov re Ka\ (rrevov

ix.

he pynapoKepap-os

'0<t>rOYPOZ" opvis

770105 eV Aldioniq,

An unknown

nA'nnoz,

vfjTTrjs, t(S

-^pwnaTi

e^ei.

Hesych.

bird [ver5. dud.)

opvtov elhos,

Hesych.

Mentioned Ael. iii. 30, in a somewhat doubtful passage, as a bird in

whose nest the Cuckoo lays her egg. Sometimes supposed to be
punned on in Ar. Av. 765 (pvaarut ndjnrovs nap' ^piv, where however
mimroi are more probably young downy feathers (vide Kock, &c.).
Coray cites, vaguely. Mod. Gk. TraTnna, a duck.
riAPAO'l-

riA'PAAAOI,

KaTO. eva the'iv'

e'Keivois
(puii'ij

ix.

to hi ^paipa

cnrohoei^tijs

A very

doubtful passage,

oXos, peyedos he TrapanXrjaios

is

dappled plumage,

loc.

nonnulL

Arist.

H. A.

Golden Plover, Charadrius pluvialis, L.,

and is
in the name he sees a suggestion of the

spite of anoSoeihfjs

in

Aldrovandi, &c., identifies

good reasons.

Vide supra,

vide Suid.

v. iiaXaKOKpaceu's.

s.

v, neXapyLhels, ed.

white

Pott.

Etym. Forsch.

24; openrfXapyos,

992 B.

s.

p.

i.

131

dpydn

lit.

black-and-

vtjes

TreXapyoxpcares,

p.

1528

Lycophr.

ireXapyiSeus, Ar. Av. 1356, Plut.

ii.

Cf. also yuyt]<s.

IMod. Gk. XeXeKi, XeXeKm, sometimes

Stork, Ciconia alba, L.

said to

ireXos,

Bernhardy; Zonarus,

cf,

Dim.

q. V.).

Billerbeck, following

oXos.

with the Starling, for similar and equally

it

(Said to be derived from

riEAAPro'l.

be a Turkish word

= neXapyoi with

Mentioned

in Ar.

Av.

Arist.

Description.
^lorevei.

De

frequent in flocks in Greece, and has a constant cry,

about as large as Tpvya>v

XeXe'Ki

KaKoTTTepos,

oi)

KoWvpLMVosI tuvtou.

Sundevall, following Turner, Gesner, &c.,

Hildesh. 1806.

identifies TrdphaXos with the

which

Billerbeck,

cf.

bird.

enl to ttoXv, Koi ovk

Tpvycov], evnovs he Ka\

;!(\Q)/3i'a)i/,

he TToXXr] KUi ov jSd/jela' to he peyeBos [rov

difficihor.,

The

undetermined

b opveov eanv dyeXaiov as

23, 617

paXaKOKpnpevs,

[?

An

Hesych.

irdpSaXis,

s.

H. A.

Arist.
eoTTt

vno MaKeSovav, Hesych.

deros,

but Byzantios ingeniously compares

= UeXaayol

cf.

also XdXayes.

139, with a pun on to HeXapyiKop

H. A.

clattering

Its

AeXeyes

593 nepl

viii. 3,

noise,

Philostr.

yovs eTretSaf TrapiovTcis fjpds KpoTaaiv

cf.

tcis

cf. ibid.

S69.

Xipi/m Kn\ tovs noTapovs

Ep. ad Epictet. tovs

Ovid, Met.

vi.

ireXnp-

97 crepitante

ciconia rostro.

Migrations.
niae
est.

quonam

Nemo

Arist. H. A.

viii. 16,

600, ^coXft.

Cf. Plin. x. 23 (31) Cico-

e loco veniant aut quo se referant,

videt

incompertum adhuc
appareat, nee

agmen discedentium, cum discessurum

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

128
riEAAPrOI

{contimted).

venire sed venisse

De Avib.

Dionys.
op.

cemimus
31.

Ael.

154).

cit., p.

rh

es

vTToa-rpe^oxTii'
TTjv

i.

LucuUus

eX'^'-^

avppera^uWfiv ras

cf.

i.

ap. Plut.

Troir/cri;

i.

518

ne\apybs

coming

e'lra,

(cf.

connected with IleXaayoi, a

pev

Tpe(f)eiv

475.

nomad

race;

naTrjp 6 neXapyos (KTrfrr]aiuovs

1 35 5 fV')' 6
tovs TreXap-ytSr^y Tpecfionv Sei rovi t/eoTTouv top narepa ndXif
|

135 D, Arist. H. A.

i.

neXapyol

miTepas

rovs

615

ix. 13,

yeyijpaKOTas

b, Ael.

Celsum,

01

avTol Se Ka\

to.

tavTOiv iKyova (})iXov<n,

nfXnpyois

iv evae^ecrrepovs eivm tovs

Aesop. y(u)py6s

Kai

neXnpyos, Fab. loo,

iii.

ideKovin

/cat

dXXa

epfXtTTjaav' KeXevei, Se avroiis popos dudparriKos ovbe eis tovto,

TovTcov (f)v<ns'

p-f)

Fr.

Call.

dXi^TJj?,

v.

s.

8okS>

<to\

i(f>r],

28.

Cf. Plut. Alcib.

Tpecpuv.

C.

orav

Kpi'/LtwSovs 8i(\6ot(r>]s,

irfXapyav, atare rals apais

"^^^

''"''

Cf.

Cf.

Lindermayer,

Piety. Ar. Av.

Filial
Trdvras

diairas

to Strabo, 221, 397,

Dion. Hal.

Tfjs

precise regularity of their

Pompey,

fXaTTOva rSiV yepdvav vovv

According

temporibus.

fit

scarcely noticed

eKnnros KaXiav avnyvapi^ovaiv, ws

iaxnuiV

rrjv

The
to

is

23 t^s a>pns be

t'5ia,

olKiav (wQpaTvoi.

vcpai'os)

iii.

utrumque nocturnis

departure

(Its

k. t.

X.

23
Ka\

(htlu

Origen,

Cf. Fab.
Halm), Babr. xiii

raiv avdpojnwv.

loob

(ed.

neXapyos elpi (xr] XP^W M^ a-rjpatvei)

neXapybi evafjifcrTnTOS Cv^^ '''^^ fpbv Tidrjia) Trarepa Kal voarjXevoo.
See also verb avTineXapye'iv, Suidas, Zenob. i. 94,
Cf. Soph. El. 1058.
Sec, and UtXapyiKoi yop-oi, Hesych., Suid., &c. The Stork as a primeval
ovK elp\ yepavos, oi anopov unracpdelpu}

TTTrjvmv

law-maker

is

alluded to in Ar. Av. 1353, perhaps also ibid. 121 3. Hence

emblem of piety Ael.

the Stork was honoured by the Egyptians, as an

Horap.

X. 16,

^a)yp(i(povcnv.

8e nordpu'v

55 (f)iXoTruTopa (SovXupevoi a-r^prjvai avdpwnov, neXapyuP

Iv to'i^ aKTjTTTpnts dvayrepco piu rreXapybv TvnovaL, KaTarepa)
ii.

"ltttvov.

(Cf. Schol. in Ar.

Av.

I.e.)

Cf. Phile, (vi.) 158

Plin.

Publius ap. Petron.

Porph. De Abst. iii. 11
33 Juv. Sat. i. 116
Sat. 55 ciconia etiam grata, peregrina, hospita, Pietaticultrix, gracilipes,

X. (23)

crotalistria.

How

the Storks teach their children to

yibevaiu opds en\ twv reywv

fly, Plut.

ii.

992

Ka\

roh ireXap-

rtXeioi TrapoPTes dpaneipci>pepoLS vcprjyoiprai

a>s 01

TTjP TTTTJaiP.

Destroys serpents, and hence honoured by the Thessalians. Arist.

Mirab. 23, 832 nepl QeTraXiav ppT]p.ovevov(Tip o(f)eis ^cooyoprjdrjpai toctovtovs
Sto 5?j Koi
ojcrre, et pf] vtto rap nfXapycop dpj]povpTO, eK;^;a)pr5o-ai ap avrovs.
TtpuxTi.

TOVS TreXapyovs, koX Kreipeip ou popos' Kin fdp ti?

avTois yiverai olcrntp Ken 6 dp8pocf>i)pos

Symp.

viii. 7,

Plin. x. (23) 33, Solin.

De

KTelpr],

see also Plut.

Thessal.

De

epo^^oi Tois

Isid. c. 74>

Cf. Juv. Sat. xiv.

serpente ciconia pullos, Nutrit et inventa per devia rura lacerta

G.

ii.

74

Virg.

320.

The Stork
ap. Plin.

as food,

X. (23) 30,

Hon

Sat.

Mart. Ep.

ii.

xiii.

2, 50,

and Scholia;

cf.

Corn. Nepos,

nEAAProi nEAEiA
riEAAPrOI

129

{continued).

Hostile

Myth and Legend.

Ael.

vvKTpis,

612, Ael.

vi.

Uses

45.

46, Plin.

V.

to

Ael.

a'idvia,

iv.

How

27.

viii.

680; to

Phile,

5,

opLyavov as a remedy,

Arist.

H. A.

ix.

6,

the bats (wKrepites) render the

and how the Stork defeats them with a leaf of

Geopon. xiii. 13, xv. i, 18; according to Anatol.
A Stork's stomach is
p. 298, a tortoise-bone is equally efficacious.
a specific for the murrain of sheep and goats, Geopon. xviii. 1 1
cf.
Stork's eggs unfruitful,

TrXdravos, Ael.

27>

i.

Plin. xxix. 33.

young Stork, a prophylactic against ophthalmia, Plin. xxix. 38.

messenger of Athene (cf. epwSios), Porph. De Abst. iii. 5.
Story of Alcinoe, an unfaithful wife
Ael. viii. 20 tovto awi^av

TreXapyos 6 olKerrjs ov)(

yovv

avOpinrov

inrjpcxxje ti]S

whom

of Heracleis, to

year a magic pebble

aXXa

VTre'peivfv,

ti)v oip-ij/

cf.

Apostol. xiv. 15, p. 609.

ibid. viii.

8a8us

a)s eaKopiaSeicTTjs

probably the stone

Story

the Stork, healed of a broken leg, brought next

22 t^v

ovv Xldov '4vhov nov KareOeTo,

S'

eira viiKTcop divirvLaddaa opa avyrjv Tiva Koi a'iyXr]v a(()Lelaau,

6 oIkos

Becnrorrj' TrpoanrjScop

erifiupriae t(o

Xup^j/u

Philostrat. V. Apoll. Tyan.

De

Dion.

cf.

or XvxviTr]s,

Avib.

31.

i.

Plin. xxxvii.

cf.

Km KaTXdp.T7(TO
The stone was
(17) 103, and

14 neXapyol KaXids ovk av nrj^nivTo, pq npoTfpop

avTois fvappoaavres tov XvxvlTrjv Xldov
cf. also Lucian, De Dea Syr. 32 ;
ii,

Orph. Lith. 268.

Metempsychosis

Mynd.

Alex.

ap. Ael.

irapeXQovTas avrois es ras QKeaviridas

yiipas a(piKcovTai,

Koi eiae^elas ye tJ)j is Toi/s yeivafievovs ddXov tovto

fjiop(}}i]v,

re, ft Ti eyco voS), Koi

770)1/

23 orav

iii.

vrjcrovs dpeij3fiv rti e'ldq es

ToiovTov dia^iovv

and see

cpwSicjs),

Schwenk,

aXXios

vnoBtaOai twv Biav ^ovXopevatv toZto yovv tuiv dvdpa>-

Ta>v {Keldi TO yevos evcrelSes kol octiov, fne).

1)0' T]Xi<o

dudpaynov

i'cr;^eij',

for

cf.

oii)(

oiov re

fjv

the Story of the birds of

iv

rfj

aXXrj yfj

Diomede

(s. v.

accounts of similar superstitions in recent times,

Slav. IMythol. p. 129

cf.

also

August Marx, Griech. Marchen,

PP- 50-55) Stuttgart, 1889.

riE'AEIA,

s.

Also

ireXeids.

Pigeon or Dove.

0pp. Cyn.

TreX-rjids,

The Epic word

the Dorians (Sophron. ap. Athen.

(Hipp. 638.

8,

667. 3

connected with
TrepKTTfpai,
OTf/ad, fi'Sos

i^ uv

Kill

TreXds,

cf.

\.z.\..

and Eustath. Horn.

fie

Ti TrepKTTfpds,

6 TreXapyos.

somewhat dubious;
excepted, are very

as

rj

p.

351.

used for

nepia-Tepd also

cf.

Commonly

said to be

Hesych. niXfuu'

1262 niXeia

Xe'^ts iTTi8r]Xol'

de

fiiXaivai

ovx dnXcos

Trepi-

neXuv yap to ptXdvi^ov,

Nevertheless, the derivation appears to

for all

much

the wild

pigeons,

of a colour, and

Greeks would have spoken of i/ack pigeons

by

394 D), and by the lonians

pal-umba.
&c.

ttoXioV,

ix.

i.

the

me

Turtle-dove

do not think the

until they

had got

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

130

riEAEIA (continued).
white ones

cf.

Herod,

also

word

as a current

lost

Aristophanes, save in the

In Horn, frequent

55

q.v.,

UiXeta seems

fi(\aivai TreXettiSfv.

Mod. Gk. it does not occur

Homeric parody in Ar. A v. 575.

in

Homeric word for

compound (f)nacro(f)6vos,

pigeon, save for the

the only

occurrence of (pnaaa in the

with epithet Tprjpwi'

ii.

in

Usually

xv. 238.

II.

a word of equally doubtful etymology, the received

derivation from rptco appearing dubious in the light of such pigeon-

names

as Tpvywv, turtur, Tin

TveXeia
490 D. A prey
Tpi^pav

<S:c.

to

I'pr;^,

and Lye.

502, 582,

Hom.

II.

Messengers of Zeus, when Rhea

Cronos, Od.

xii.

As ornaments

62 neXeiai

139;
protected
xxii.

xi,

Aesch.

cf.

him from

rprjpwvfS, rni t ap.(3pO(Tii]v All Trarpi ^pov(Tiv,

of Nestor's

cup,

^piVetat vepidovTo,

eKciarov [ovai]

where

87, 423,

pp. 1262, 1712, Athen.

II.

xxi. 493, to KipKos,

II.

(descriptive epithet

cf. 7ro\vTpi]pa>v

II. ii.

see also Eustath.

V. S58.

Pr.

and Messe),

of the towns Thisbe

xi. 634
Athen. 1.

^oia\

II.

cf.

c.

TreXeidBes

8e

Captured

ap.<p]s

in springes,

cf Dion. De Avib. iii. 12 (s. v. (jxiaa-a). In

468
pigeon is never spoken of as a domesticated bird, and

Od.

xxii.

a wild one in
Kock-dove, C.

Q. Smyrn.

cf.

jveTprjs

II.

xxi. 139,

livid.
xii.

12

pa

77

and Od.

&

v(f)'

^pf]^ a-eve

xxii.

468.

KaTfdvauTo

1]

C<W(Ti, al

495 suggests the

^i]pap6v

neXeinv' eneiyopevr] b' lipa

)(t]papiOV (S

Kilvrj,

also Virg. Aen. v. 213.

cf.

TTfpiaTepd.

17

e'Xa'rrcoi'

pev ovp

tj

H. A.

v.

13,

544 b erepov

iveKeuis, ridacraov 8e y'lveTni

Se neXeids Koi peXnv Kol p.iKpov Ka\ epvdpoTvovv Kai

TpaxvTTovv, dio Ka\ ovdus rpec^fi.

lb. viii. 12,

xxi.

nepiCTTepa Kn\ TreXuds'

fxdWov

II.

the

definitely

is

IprjKos koiKijv elcrenraro TreTprjv,

In Aristotle distinguished from irepio-repd

icTTL

Homer

[The contrary

597 h dnalpovcn 8e koi

stated, Athen.

ix.

394

C]

al (^drrai kol al neXeid^es, Koi ov x^eipd-

8e 77epi(TTpa\ Karnpivovcnv.

According to Sundevall, TreXeta is

oii'ds being the Rock-pigeon,

here in Aristotle the Stock-dove, C. oenas,

C. livia,

(}>a}

or (jxirra, the Ring-dove, C. paliuiibus,

and

irepio-Tepd,

Aubert and Wimmer, on the other hand, take

owis as the Stock-dove, and leave TreXeia in doubt. For my part, I do
not think the Stock-dove was recognized as a distinct species, but was
included, as in Mod. Gk. (Erhard, Heldreich), under the name (pdacra
Excluding the Turtle-doves, there then only
with the Ring-dove.
remain the wild Rock-pigeon (Mod. Gk. dypionepia-Tepi) and the
and I imagine that both olvds (q. v.) and neXeia
domestic variety
refer, in Aristotle, to the wild Rock-pigeon, and nepia-Tepd especially to

the Domestic Pigeon.

the

Tame

Pigeon;

KUToiKidios TTfpicTTepd,

cf.
T]

also Moeris (p. 405, ed. Koch, 1830) eiwGds,

ylip dypia, ireXuds.

The account

in Arist.

77

H, A.

13 is corrupt and not to be too much depended on, especially in

view of the discrepant quotation in Athenaeus. The chief difficulty
in the whole interpretation is the passage H. A. viii. 12, where it
is asserted that both (pdrTai and neXudSes migrate and do not remain

V.

HEAEIA

131

riEAEIA {continued').

over the winter, whereas

winter-time, and

in

summer

in

dove, which breed elsewhere, are

hardly have been written in Attica

we suppose

with the truth did

more or

the Pigeons occur

all

is

it

Greece
and Stock-

less in

that the Ring-dove

seldom found.
The passage can
it would appear more consonant
;

Macedonia.
Except in the doubtful case of Aristotle, neXeia is in no sense a specific
term
we have seen it applied in Homer to the Rock-pigeon, and
on the other hand the iriXeuu in the Oak-woods of Dodona must have
been either Ring-doves or Stock-doves (vide infra). In 0pp. Cyn. i.
351, where pigeon-fanciers are said to cause the pigeons by a display of
purple stuff to bring forth young of a like colour, ireXqids and also Tpt'jpwu
are used of tame pigeons.
written, for instance, in

it

On

the Latin usage of columba, palumbes. Sec,

Year with the Birds (3rd ed.), p. 218.

Various attributes.
7rrrpo0o?] TreXfids
cos-

opua neXdas: Antip. Sid.

neXemi

f(f)edpi]aovai

Ovid, A. Amat.

i.

117,

ii.

1081 deXXaia TaxvppcodTos

1090

TteXelns a>KvTr]T

KipKoi

II.

fieyav okvov

39

Gk. Anth.

De

R. R.

363, &c., &c.

II

ix.

Lucret.

comes

to Jason, as

Argon,

viii.

Its swiftness

columba

iii.

751

or Eagle, a type of swiftness

Q. Smyrn.
rj^ovai

fvaTiaav

4^vyr]v

penna fugiunt trepidante columbae

Eel.

deiXai rot 8eiXo'iaii>

p. ^;i

Hawk

the

xxi. 493, xxii. 139,

UpaK ISovaai npos

[a/.

TXT-qvi^s

Soph, Oed. Col.

also Philoct. 289, II46
Eur. Bacch.

rreXeids, cf.

neXfiav ov finKpav XeXeippevoi

iTfXeiddes

ii.

Kal rTe(p6^r]fxni

7 nihil est timidius

iii.

Fowler,

T. 292 ncivrpofios

c.

e;^co

W. W.

ov)( rjcrcrovei.

The Dove pursued by

timidity:

xcii,

Varro,

cf.

Aesch. S.

Its timidity;

Soph. Aj.

cf.

cf.

12

a Dove seeking shelter

and of

y\esch. Pr. V. 858

Eurip. Andr. II40

Ovid, Met.

i.

ol 8'

oncoi

507 sic aquilam

ibid. v. 605, Trist.

Phaedr. Fab.

xii.

i.

i,

75

Virg.

Thus Medea
from the Hawk, Val. Flacc.
i.

31, 3, &c.

32.

The Dove
243, XV. 525,

Eagle or Hawk, as an omen, Od.

cf. Virg. Aen. xi. 721.

in the clutches of the

Sil. Ital.

Pun.

104

iv.

Hera and Athena, coming to

Doves II. v. yyS al de ^uttjv,

compared to
ofio'tai.
For
see the Scholia, also Ameis and

the aid of the Argives,

Ttirjpaa-L

various interpretations of this simile,

other commentators

xx.

TreXeidaiv

Wfiaff

but the allusion is probably neither to swiftness

nor to dainty tread, but to the ancient and widespread prefigurement
of the deity as a dove (cf. int. al., F. L. W. Schwartze, Urspr. d.

Mythologie,

p.

218); in the

Eileithyia ^av Be noal

Av,

Homeric Delian Hymn,

rpr'jpijoai

TreXfLda-tf 'i6p.aff ojiolaL,

v. 114,

Iris

with which

cf.

and
Ar.

and Schol.
The story of the Dove bound by Achilles to the mast as a mark
for the archers, II. xxiii. 850 et seq.
it was shot
by Meriones, v\p-i
575'lpii' 8e y"Op.ripos 'i(pa(TK iKeXrjv fivai rpi^pmvi

ireXeir},

i'Trai

ve(ptaiv ei'Se Tpi'jpMva rriXeiar,

rr;!/

p' oye divtvovaav

vno nrepvyos

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

132

riEAEIA [continued).

same

tid\e niiT(Tr}v: the

Aen.

On

the pigeons that brought ambrosia to the infant Zeus, see Od.

60

xii.

Aeneas and Eurytion, Virg.

story transferred to

485-544.

V.

Moero Byz.

ap. Athen.

490 e

xi.

Ptolem. Hephaest. ap. Phot.

i.

p. 474.

The Dove

that flew between the clashing rocks in the passage of

Apoll. Rh.

the Hellespont:
TTpno'de

TreAfidSt neipi'/aaade

eKoy^ap

328,

ii.

9, 22,

i.

Hygin. Fab.

rj

xix, Propert.

ov8f TreAeiat

Plut.

cf.

ii.

The Dove

156 F.

rai

rpi'jpcovfs,

t'

(f)eiiyovaa

KipKoio TreAetar,

(Birjv

xii,

cf.

62

olcovw 7

aaKrjdijS

liKpa

S'

see also

39 cum rudis Argus

the account of the
peu t

rrj

ap0poair]v

At*.

ovde irorijTa
(pepovaiv

Trarpl

the story of the Argonauts again,

in

connexion with the fire-breathing

in
p.f.v

26,

ii.

&c.

UXnyKTai nerpai or Cyanean rocks, Od.

TTnpip-)(iTai,

e(pUfjifv'

aTrapovaei'

d'

ignoto missa columba mari,

erat

and Schol.

557, &c.,

ii.

cnronpo fxedevres

vr]6s

ovpaln Trrepa ra'iye TVfkfiahos'

Apollod.

Dux

Rh.

bulls, Apoll.

v'^uBtv AlaovibiUi

541 rpi^p^v

iii.

Tvecpo^rjpei/r]

fp.TTta's

KoXnoii.

In the above legends there are numerous traces of the mythical

astronomy of the Pleiads. This view is a very ancient one cf. Athen.
;

xi.

490

8e Moipoi

TrpmTT]

(V

TTOirificiTuiv,

do^nv, ms

KOfjii^eiv.

fTnypn(pop.evi]

x^^H-'^''^os

(pdcTKovcra

ti]U

Cf.

Moero,

rav

'Ofifjpov

dp^poaiav

ibi cit., in

avrai Tprjpuxn neXeida-LV wnacre

S'

j/oOi/

tcS

Kparrji 8e 6 KpiriKos ar(f)fTepi(Tdp.vos avTi]S rrjv

eKcfjepa tov Xoyov.

t'Smi/

the Infant Jove, wr

Btpeos Kai

Bv^avria Ka\a>s ede^aro tov

Mvi]fxoavvr)

TJj

All Taj IlX(ui8(is

rj

nyyeXoi flaiv

also

many

the story of

jLfxrjv,

at

87)

references, ap. Athen.

1.

tol

c,

from Pindar, Simonides, Simmias, Lamprocles, &c., where the wXeiubes

are called neXeuites e. g. Lampr. (p. 554 Bergk) mVe noravals opuwpol
TTfXfidaiv aWepi Keiade.
The Pleiads are also supposed to be alluded
to in Alcman, fr. 23 (Bergk) ml TreXeiaSe? yap apiv
^Opdia (papos (pfpoi:

aais

vvKTa 81 dp(Spo(rlav are aeipioi'

(iarpov dveipojxivai pd)(0VTai.

The

coincidences on which rests the foundation for an astronomical

above myths are chiefly the following. As has

been mentioned above, s. v. dXKuwf, the sun rose together with the
interpretation of the

Pleiads in the sign of the Bull, at the vernal equinox, the ancient

opening of the year. If the Cretan Jupiter was a Sun-god, he might

be said to be nursed by the 7r[f]AeiaSe?
the sign Taurus may have
been the Cretan Bull
and a transit through that sign may have
been the celestial BoVTropo? of the Argonautic voyage. The Dove as an
:

attribute of

Venus

is

similarly explained, the do))nis Veneris being in

the sign Taurus, the sign of the Pleiad.

The Doves

of Nestor's cup,

II.

reference to the Pleiades, Athen.

On

the

Dove

of Deucalion

cf.

xvi. 634, are also

xi.

supposed

to

have

490-492.

Plut.

Mor. 968, 1185.

On

the dove in

HEAEIA

^33

riEAEIA {confimicd).
the Chaldaean deluge-myth,

cf.

Euseb. Chron. Armen.

see also the representation on coins of

132, Friedlander, Kgl. Miinzkab. pi.

iii.

similar explanation

The

is

Pleiades (as doves

given of the

i.

p. 50, iSic, (S:c.

Apamea, Eckhel, Doctr. Numm.

ix,

&c., &c.

Dove

of the deluge-myth.

fleeing before the hunter Orion, Hes.

?)

Op.

D. 619.

et

For references

to the copious (and often unreliable) literature of

Pleiad-symbolism, see

int. al.,

Pluche, Hist, du

ciel,

Dupuis, Orig. de

New

tous les cultes, Haliburton,

Materials for the Hist, of Man, 1863,

von Bunsen, Plejaden und Thierkreis, 1S79, Nitzsch in Od. v. 272,
&c., &c.

How
Lib.

the soul of Ctesylla departed as a dove

Ovid, Met.

cf.

The Pigeons
rrpofiavTies, 8vo
rfjv

in\

of Dodona.

yfveadai.

AlyvTTTLr]

ywfj

J]

ii.
55 m'Se Se AcoScomiui/ ^adt. nl
Qrj^iwv tcov AiyvnTiecov dvcnrTciaevas,

wapa

<T<^eas cnriKia-dai'

as XP^^"

dvdpcoTrrjiT],

Stdri (iap^npoi

peXaivav

(j)6eyyea6ai

(jicovfj

e'/c

57 TreXeuiSe? 8e poL 8okOV(ti

Ibid.

enl Tovdf al yvvcuKes,

rjv.

Ammon,

cf.

Xeyovres

8e

Pausan.

Cf.

Nicand. ap. Anton.

Herod,

neXeiddas fxeXaivas

nvdd^aa-dni

370.

avTccov is Aifivrjv, rrjv Si

jxiv

(f)T]yuv,

doves at

vii.

Curtius,

rjaav'

elvni

f''/

On

Strabo, xvii.

iv. c. 7,

opoiois opitcri

(T<pi

7reXfiaS

21, X. 12.

vii.

fiiv

avrodi Atos

npos AooSovaicjOv

K\rj6?jvni

edoKeou 8e
ti)v

l^ofitvr^v 8e

p-'ivTrjiov

arjpaivovai

on

Alexander and the

See also J. Arneth.

Ueber das Taubenorakel von Dodona, Wien, 1841

Perthes, Die
Peleiaden von Dodona, Progr. d. Progymn. zu Mors, 1S69; H. D.
;

Miiller, Philol.

Symb.

iii.

Anz.

ii.

p. 95,

Lorenz, op.

1870;

cit.,

p.

35; Creuzer,

pp. 183, 217.

According to Thrasybulus and Acestodorus, ap. Schol.

11.

xvi. 233,

a dove had founded the oracle in the time of Deucalion.

pigeons of Dodona, see also Soph. Tr. 1710)?

Acddcovi 8i(Tcrcov K TTeXeidSoov

TTOTf

e(f)rj

rfjv

naXmnv

On

the

(prjyov ov^rjani

also ap. Schol. Pind.

fr.

Paean.

Sil. Ital. iii. 678

Serv, in Aen. iii. 466,
58 (30) ; Diod. i. 13, iii. 71
Eel. ix. 13. According to Strabo, ap. Eustath. in Od., p. 1760, and
;

vii. fr. la the priestesses were called TreXeto/naVrftr, cf. KopaKopdvAccording to Philostr. Imagg. ii. 2>?) (387 k), a choir of priestesses
danced round an oak, on which sat a golden dove. Dion. Halic. Ant.
Rom. i. 14, 41 compares with the Dodonaean dove the ttZkos or
bpvoKo\diTTr]s of the oracle of Mars.
The whole story is intricate and
It seems clear that the priestesses were called neXeun (cf.
confused.

Geogr.

Tiis.

Paley, Aesch. Suppl. ed.

2,

p.

xiv)

or TreXeiopdvreis

and

also

that

the oracle was not essentially an augury or bird-oracle, but one in

which

tree- worship,

river- worship (cf.

Mommsen, Gr. Jahresz.

The doves of Dodona link on to the
worship

(cf.

Macrob.

p. 432,

v.

18),

and thunder-

&c.) were alike involved.

story of Deucalion, to the doves


A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

134
riEAEIA

continued).

that fed the infant Zeus, to the dove in other Zeus-myths

ix.

395

V. H.

a, Ael.

to get further back,

15)

i.

and

to the doves of Dione.

we enter the mist

Athen.

(cf.

we

If

seek

of Pleiad-symbolism.

It has been suggested by Landseer, Sabaean Researches, p. 186,

from the study of an Assyrian symbolic monument, that the stars
which Conon converted into the Coma Berenices (Hygin. P. A. ii. 24,
cf. Ideler, Sternnamen, p. 295) and which lie in Leo opposite to the
Pleiades in Taurus, were originally constellated as a Dove and that
;

this

whose

constellation,

first

stars rise with the latest of those of

Argo, and whose last rise simultaneously with the hand of the Husbandman, links better than the Pleiad into the astronomical Deluge-

myth.

The

illustration
is

case rests on very

evidence,

little

and indeed

of the conflicting difficulties of such hypotheses

deserving of investigation were

it

an

is

but

only for the reason that the

Berenices contains seven visible stars (Hygin.), and the Pleiad

a faint hint at a possible explanation of the lost Pleiad.

six,

an epithet of Salamis (according to the Schol. and

TreXetoGpe'fj.ji.wi',

Hesych., but see Paley and other commentators), Aesch. Pers. 309
also the Insula Cohmibaria, Plin. iii. (6)
noXvTpripodv (s. V. rp-f\p(i}v)
;

Proverb.

it

Coma

i^piivt)

a 'pigeon,' a simpleton:

TreXem?,

1333 nnpoipia in\ rav cnvKovcrTaTwv to

(cccv
Suid., Hesych., Phot., &c.

rjpef)] Trekeias

p.

Eustath.

cf.

12.

Hom.

8ia to evijdes tov

In preparing this article on neXeia, and the other cognate articles

on the various Pigeon-names, I have drawn much from the learned

pamphlet of Dr. Lorentz, Die Taube im Alterthume, Wurzen, 1886,
as well as from the earlier compilation of Hehn, in his Culturpflanzen

und Hausthiere.

An

riEAEIA'l XAriPO'riTIAOI.

Crocopus
p. 305,

chlorogaster,

Indian Green Fruit-Pigeon, probably

Blyth,

Val.

cf.

Ball,

Antiq.,

Ind.

xiv.

1885.

Ael. xvi. 2 ^niT]

Tii

av TcpuiTov

deaaapevoSf

aiTToKov (luai kol ov neXetuba.

opvi6oyv(i>fxova

/cot

X^'^'?

oik

e)(a>v

eTTi(TTi]p.rjv

^^ ex'^vai Koi crKeXrj

rot? "EXXrjCTi nepSi^i ti]v xP''^v TrpoaeoiKora.

The

HEAEKA'N.
croialus,

L.,

Mod. Gk.
Tvp.navias.

Arist.

H. A.

Pelican, Pdecmius crispus, Bruch.,

which

TjekeKavi

("V^on

is

der

rare

in

viii.

12,

597

eirl

JM.), (laKKas

"' TreXf/cafes

top laTpov,

avafiivovTis ol npoTepoi

S'

/cd/cet

and P. ono-

Greece (Von der

INIiihle).

(Turk, a water-carrier),

Ouocrotalus, Plin, x. 47 (66).

TOV 2rpii/toVoy noTafiov

)(oi'Tni,

latter

Vide

fKroTri^ovai,

s.

vv.

/cat

^ai/JuKos,

TTtTovTai

TfKvonoiovvTui' ddpooi

Tois vdTfpov, Stu to otqv

dno

S' direp-

{nrepTTTaii'Tai

to

HEAEIA HEAEKAN
HEAEKAN

^35

{contimicd).

opos adt]\ovs yivea-dai Tovs Trporepou? toIs vcTTepois.

swan, and the

\aios, like the crane, the

oi Se TreXeKcives oi iv roii Trorafiols yi.v6p.evoi KaTanivovfTi

Koi

orav b

Xeias'

iv

npo

T<Jo

koiX'uis

rijs

Xaa-Kovarajv

ra Kpea e^aipovvres ea-diamv.

De

14, 831

Mirab.

Apostol. Cent. 15;

Kcil

koXttos

Tis

avTols

fivuiv d7re;^o/^j'ot,

An.

e^i'iprrjTM

(9),

rrpo

tcov

215;

iii.

Dion.

arepvaiv,

Arist.

20, 23, v. 35

De

Avib,

ov

anaaav

els

ii.

Ttjv

reus ffx^dWovcriv, ovre tuiv kt(vS)v ovre tmv aK\rjpS)V

fTTfiyofJievoL

Tpn(f)rjv

De

e^fpovaiv, Iva

similar account in

Antig. Hist. Mirab. 41 (47); Ael.

Phile,

614 b

lb. ix. 10,

ras /leydXas Koy^as

nerj/uaiv,

tottco

597 b Spvis dye-

lb.

goose.

little

k.t.X.:

cf. Plin. X.

47 (66) faucibus ipsis inest alterius

That the Pelican can render up its food from its

pouch
was much commented on by the ancients
hence the
Hebr. name kaath, lit. 'to vomit.' But the Pelican feeds on fish,
not (?) on shell-fish
and moreover P. crispus is common in Greece
and is not limited to the north. Hence various writers have doubted
uteri

genus.

'

common interpretation, e.g. Gesner, Brandt (Descr. Animal. Rusticorum, 1836, p. 53), Van der Hoeven (Handb. d. Zool., ii. p. 396) and
especially Aubert and Wimmer (op. cit., i. p. 104), who suppose a
species of Heron to be meant.
But the passage in Dionysius (s. v.
the

ircXeKli'os) is

only applicable to the Pelican, and the latter

guished from

e'pcoc^idy

&c.

in Ael. v. 35, Phile, c. ix,

is

distin-

the Heron and the

Pelican seem however to be confounded by Plutarch,

1.

c.

under the name

Platalea, and Plin. (x. (40) 56) under that of Platea, names which rather
suggest the Spoonbill, to which the account may have been transferred,
the Pelican not occurring in Italy (Gallia hos septentrionali proxima
Cicero (De Nat. D.

Oceano

The

(49) 124) repeats the story

ii.

reddit, Plin. x. 47).

Pelican and

ypdcbovres, uvovv re
vyj/rfKoTepoii
Trererjvav,

TOTTOis

tovto ov

its

piety,' Ael.

'

kol

fjbrj

aXXn yap

Koi

ytwafxeva' onep imyvovTes avOpconoi,

Gincriv,

Ka\

TTvp {nro^dXXovcTi'

Cf.

Horap.

avopv^as

i.

54 rreXfKdva 6e

fmibi) 8vvdp.fvos iv Tois

y']V,

koI
eKfi

to.

Xonra tcov

KaTarideTai ra

rco Tcmco (Hoos a([)68evpa ^ijpov TTfpirt-

dfacrdpevoi 6e 6 TreXeKuv tov Krnrvov, toIs

idiots TTTepoLS ^ovX6p.evos dnoal^ea-ai

i^dnrei avTo,

23.

eavrov ad, coanep

KnTaTidecrSni ra
770ie7'

iii.

a(ppova crrjpaivovcriv'

to nvp, iK toiv tvavr'nov koto.

ti)v Klvrjcnv

ov KaruKaiopevos to iavTov TTTfpd evavXXrjTTTvTfpos tols

vcp

KVvi]yoU yiverai' 81

i)v

ahiav ovk

ivofilaSr]

aTTa^anXcos vnep TiKvav Troidrai tov dyoi>va'

iadUiv tovs upias avrov,

AlyvnTLcov 6e

ol XoittoI

irvei8r]

iadiovai,

&(nrep oi ;^7;^'aXd)7re/c?, dXXa khtii

This statement follows an account of the
Lauth (Sitzungsb. Bayer. Akad., 1S76,
parental affection of ^'ywiXajir;;^
p. 105) shows that it is in part based on a confusion between two
XeyovTfS, OTi

fir]

koto,

vovv

ttjv p.dxr]v,

avninv 6 TreXfKciv noif'iTai.

Egyptian words, chemi, a pelican,' and

'

affection of the

Pelican

is

chenii,

'

ignorant.'

The

parental

frequently referred to by the Fathers

cf.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

136

REAEKAN

{continued).

Epiphan. (ad Physiol,

Hexaem.

xx)

c.

T(KVQv opveov napa mivra ra oppea'

(f)vXii(T(xov(Ta

(PiXtjp.aTi

eWi yhp

c. viii

ne\eKav (piXu-

tj

Kade^erm ev

dijkeia

8e

1]

vfOTTia

Tjj

reKva, Knl nepiBaXnei alra daTra^ojievT], koi Ko\a(f)L^ovcra ev

T(i

rnis 7r\evpa7s Karepyd^iTai,

oTTcts

/cot

koi

TeXeuroicrt'

ped' T]p.(pns

Tvapayivopivov tov lippevos 7r\(Kiivos,Kai evpiaKovTOS avra redvrjKOTd

rpe'ts

o\o(f)vpeTat Trjv Kaphiav \lav' n(TiKrf/p.iVos be tov ttovov Ko\a(pi^ei rrjv i8iav

TrXevpdp, Koi orras avrrj

koX Karappei

fp,Troie'i,

emard^av

aifjia

koi ovtcos C^onoiovvTci

tS>p reOvrjKOTMv venacrcov,

eVl ras TrXrjyas

also Ps.-Hieron.

cf.

ad

149 (ed. 1693), Isid. Orig. xii. c. 7, Glycas,

Annal. i. p. 44, S. August, in Ps. cii, &c., &c.
A confusion with
certain Woodpecker-myths (cf. ireXcKas) may be one of the various
Praes. de Cer. Pasch.

v. p.

sources of these corrupt but popular stories.

riEAEKA"!,

A Woodpecker.

s. TreXeKcii'.

Vide

c})dyos, T(TiKki8dpa.

Mentioned Ar. Av. S82, 1155

ix. 10,

614 b

Mod. Gk.
Cf.

et seq.

s.

be TTeXeKuves 01 iv ro'is Troraiio'is,

01

same word applied to the two

Gaisford), ecm be eidos opveov,
XdnTTjs (caXeirai

also Hesych.,

neXfKavoi, devbpo-

VV. SpuoKoXciTTTT)?, KcXeos, aireXcKTOS.

S.

as indicating that the

Cf. Suid. (verb. q. del.

different birds.

Tpvirovv ra bepbpn,

s. v,

H. A.

v. ireXeKav, Arist.

dcf)

ov Koi bevbpOKu-

TreXeKaf.

In the version of the Itylus-myth, given by Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

Polytechnus, the husband of Aedon,

c. xi,

metamorphosed

is

into the

Aedon being transmuted at the same time

stories of the Woodpecker breaking open con-

bird TTfXeKup, the brother of

into

With the

ervoyj/.

fined places, referred to above,

the heading of the

'

(R. Brown, Dionysiac Myth,

Hostile to

Ael.

'dpTv^,

s.

vv. 8puoKoXdT7Tr]s

Samir-legend,'

vi.

i.

the

cf.

p. 332,

ii.

45, Phile,

myth

and

under

eiroij/,

Aiowaos

Tj-fXeKvs

p. 81).

De An.

generally referred to the Pelican, but

of

684

this

more probably

it

Woodpecker, that bird and the Quail being both

statement

is

refers to the

alike associated with

solar myths.

HEAEKPNOI.
In Dion.
a Pelican.

De

Avib.

riEAHA'P' uepia-Tepas
of.

Schmidt

HE'AAOZ.
Arist.

and probably

Ka\ TTepcrLKrji 70 r]pi(Tv'

therefore also in Ar. Av. 882,

AuKccves.

HeS}'ch. (verb. dub.

The Heron.
H. A.

Knl dbvvrjpcas.

KXenrei.

6,

in Hesych.).

ix. I,

yap Kat aipa, as

aXcoTTf/ci

ii.

TroXepel

(j}6eipei

Ibid.

609 b

6 neXXos xaXeivws evvd^erai Knl d)(ev(L' Kpd^ei re

(j^aalp, dcpiTjcTiv eK tcov 6(f)6aXfiS)v oxeicjv, Kat

yap avrov
ix.

18,

tIktu

cj)avXn)s

aprrd^ei yap avrou

Kopvbco ra yap
avroii

be toIs ^XdnrovaLv, dcra

6l6b

ttjs

vvktos

evpij^avos

/cat

be

/cat

/cat

cod

beinpoipupos

Kiil

enaypos,

HEAEKAN HEPAIE
riEAAOI

I37

{continued).

pyd^Tai 8e
vypav.

ttjv

xponv

Ti]V fjLfVTOi

i]fxepav.

Kai ttjv KnCklav aet

e;^ft (f)av'\rjv

Cf. Plin. x. (60) 79.

In U.

there

X. 275,

an alternative reading niWov

is

vide

'Adrjualr},

v.

s.

epcuSios.

nEPrOVAON'

Vide

nEPAIKO0H'PAI.
Ael.

'Apyetot

[?

Hawk,

specific appellation of a

(On

300,

the ciuantity of the

Partridge (Etym, dub.)

sacred to Apollo;

i,

vide Athen.

ix. 359
Perdix gracca

b,

The

&c.

= P.

Gk.

]\Iod.

H. A.

iv. 9,

P.

cries cacabis,

our

latter bird,

Greece.

Cf.

536

ol

common

Athen.

Dim.

commonly

it

chiefly

pev KOKKa^L^ovcrtv,

Partridge,

now

is

by

TTTepaxTfi,

seems

de

ol

d'

be again the

H. Mirab.,

The

confined to the north of

eneKeiva TiTTvlSi^ovaiv

TrfpfiiKwi'

Partridge, Ael. xvi. 2

Antig.

P.graeca

or ripipri.

Kai piKporepov

to

note.

ol 8e TpiCova-iv.

gmah

is

Partridge,

ix. 390 a, b
Theophr. ap. Athen. 1. c. o\ 'Adiivr^ai
KopvbaXXov [a village on the road to Boeotia] npos

KnKKalBi^ovcriv,

tcov

referred to

its

Plin. x. (29) 4I

cf.

Perdices non transvolant Boeotiae fines in Atticam

ibid,

Trep8iKi.8(vs,

Common

the

auctt.,

on the other hand

ci7ierea

ini Ta8f TvepBines tov

cicTTV

and Soph,

41, 388,

nep8tKa.

species

saxa/ilis,

P. dnerea, being distinguished from

Arist.

ix.

Eubul. Inc. 14, Ephipp. Obeliaph. ap.

TTfph'iKiov,

Athen.

Athen.

C(.

ibi cit.).

Eust. 753, 56;

TO

Hcsych.

Xe'youo-i]

VV. o-iTopyiXos, o-rpouGos-

S.

xii. 4.

riE'PAIH.
fr.

'ApyftXeyw

dpvidaptov

CTTrepyouXos.

rrj

iariv

e^ft,

common
vide

Solin.

The

Partridge.

s.v. TreXeidg

23.

e'xo*'

rfj

this

red legs of the Greek

x^wpoTrriXos.

vv.

s.

vii.

apnvpov

iv 'IruXia.

to pvyxos ovxl Kivva^apLvov

See also

vi.

f'repov yfvos

ajxaXXos,

Cf. Ael.

iii.

KaKKaPrj,

35

irtipi^,

(TiaiXapog, CTupoTTep8i|.

Description.

Athen.
be

(fl
f]

ix.

(Trj

389

An
;

epitomized account, mostly after Arist.

;(ep(ra(oy, o-;(t6ai'd7rovs-, kkvicttikos

TTfVTeKaiSeKa

8e drjXfin

Km

(ib. ix.

TrXeiovn.

7,

613

sixteen

(fr.

270), in

(H. A.

ix.

years,

ib. vi. 4,

OTav de yva oti Brfpeverai, irpoeXdcov

498, 633 b),

563),

vfOTTias

ttjs

nnpa to. aKeXi] tov BrjpevovTos (H. A. ix. 8, 613 b, Ael. iii. 16,
992 B, Antig. H. Mirab. 39 (45), Plin. x. (33) 51; cf. verb.
eKirep^iKia-ai, Ar. Av. 768, and Schol.
also SianepSiKi^eiv, Meineke, Com.
KvXtvde'iTai

Plut.

ii.

Fr.

iv.

In Ar. Av. 1292 -nepbi^ pev

634^-

the allusion

is

rather to

its

eis

Ki'nvqXos oivopa^ero

^^coXdy,
\

supposed habit of feigning lameness, than

merely, in a general way, to the bird as a proverbial deceiver

nepdiKos (TKeXos, ap. Schol. KuKorjdrjs Koi Truvovpyos (H. A.
TvpuXo^os, (TT6p(i)(os, o77o0Da8e?,

H. A.

ii.

17,

5'-''^'>

5*-'9'

ix. 8,

cf.

Prov.

613, 614),

"^ povov abei iiXXu

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

138

riEPAIH {continued).
Kai TpiyfJiov

Koi

a(pir](Ti

ciWas

De

/ufrn/SaXXet to xp^l^n,

Kox^ias icrOUi,

H. A.

the snails

koK. dpeiovis)

Ael. X.

H. A.

doKCL e'x^"' eVt'SfjXoi^,

o(T<f)pT]aiv

{oi

613b,

iv

cf.

Nest

560).

Ael. X. 15)

H. A.

ix. 8,

560

vi. 2,

390 c

ix.

Athen.

Lays ten

Plut.

cf.

De

v.

(pi ev 2Ki(i6a)),

behind,

559)

H. A.

vnrjvepia (lb.

dW OTav

iroir](T(x)VTai

KuvKXTpav, (nT]\vyaadp.fvoi, liKavQdv riva koi vXrjv t^s irepl rovs

Ttp Xfio)

iepuKns eveKn Kal rovs derovs dXeoopa?, ivrnvOa tiktovctl Kai (Trcod^ovaiv

Ael.

16, x, 15

iii.

564 8vo

614.

ix. 8,

to sixteen eggs (Arist.

2,

751.

and how

their shells

which are white (H. A. vi.

613b oi TroioiVTai i/coTTiav.

785 b.
i,

iii.

c, Arist. H. A.

1.

727 D.

ii.

Gen.

De. Gen.

b, cf.

them leave

to elude

o Tjyepibv Tcov dypLU)v, oi x'lp"'!

5.

614

ix. 8,

albino variety,

621, Athen.

ix. 2)7,

Nest and Breeding Habits.

ix. 8,

H. A.

cfxovds,

Color. 6. 798

Plin. x. (33) 51

TTOiovVTai

Tav aa>v

Ovid, Met.

Kin

(yrfKovs,

e(/>'

pef

Arist.

258.

viii.

H. A.

cf.

vi, 8,

6}]\fia ervl 6e darepco 6

rj

cf. Athen. 1. C,
Hence, perhaps, the allusion in Ar. Av.
cf. also Phryn. ap. Athen.
767 Tre'pSi^ yeveadco, tov irarpos veoTTiov
ix. 3S9a TOV KXeofilBpoTov re tov
nepbiKos viov.
Dion. De Avib. i. II

(Karepos tKarepa

Kal eKXe\j/as eKTrep-nei

eirad^ei,

cipprjv

Antig. H. Mirab. loi (no).

doXfpuv TO yevos eaTiv,

Kal tovs

cos

TTpocriovTa i^airaTav, (pvXXois

An.

veoTTOvs yivaaKcip onuis av8pa

Cf. Plut.

/ScoXoty KaXv^ap.fi'ovs.

fj

De

XP'l

Solert.

p. 971.

De Gen.

Its salacity.

ii.

746

b,

iii.

749

b, Ael. iv.

i, vii.

19, &c.,

&c.

ti6 Kal TO. cod TTJs drjXfias crvvTpifiei Iva dnoXnvj] t(ov dcppoSiaiaiv'. Arist. ap.

Athen.

1.

c, Ael.

fidxovrai 8e
viKrjaavTOi,

Athen.

(With

5.

iii.

oi X'lf"^'1.

C, Plin.

1.

and

this

similar fables,

dXXijXovs Kcd 6

c'^t^I' irpos

H. A.

564-

vi. 8,

^1/

Mynd.

KOTa upepov

appipuiv, eyKvoi yivoPTai' jroXXdKis 8e Kal ttjs

Tci>p

Jerem.

f]

di'jXeta

(f)a>vrjs

ap. Athen.

H. A. V. 5, 541 cf. De Gen. iii. i,

H. Mirab. 81 (87), Athen. I.e., Plin. 1. c, &c.
;

Bastards, eV nep8iKos Knl dXfKrpvopos,

first

Ael.

2,

8e

De

751, Ael. xvii. 15, Antig.

Gen.

738

ii.

560

b, Ael. iv.

Decoy
Xen.

16,

b.

ii.

i.

4.

De

dypora irephi^

ovKeTi dr]piv(ris (BaXiovs (Tvpopt]')\iKas.

Avib.

iii.

cf.

Simm. Rh.

partridge, Agath. Ixxxv, Gk. Anthol.

TTipdi^ (also others

and are inde-

partridges, Arist.

Mem.

capture, Dion.

The

;^do"Ket

iv. 12.

Capture and Domestication.

vi.

C.

{aKOvaaaai), fdv

the young chip the shell, uxrnep dvpoKonovpres,

pendent from the

614,

1.

Kal 6 apprjp^ Kal Tt)p yXcorrap e^co exovcri nepl ttjv ttjs dxfias

TTOLrjcTip,

How

imo tov

(jtuxtiv ai 6!]XeiaL

opyacrai tvx(0(TI, koi vnepniTopevuip k tov KciTaTrvevaai top dppepa'

Kal

xvii. 11).

o;\;ei'erni

oxfvoviri 8e Kal oi Tidacrol tovs dypiovs'

C.

ylviTai 8e tovto kutu Tiva copap tov eTovs, Alex.

TOVS veoTTOvs ox^vovai,

cf.

tjTTrjdeis

by Democharis,

sport of partridge-fighting

and how the females are kept

at

iv,

H. A.

ix.

8,

Various modes of

Gk. Anthol. i. p. 137

Epitaph on a tame

35 tXtj^wp aKoneXcop peTapdarpia

iv.

&c.).

(still

hand

practised in the Greek Islands),

to stimulate the courage of the

REPAiE nEPIITEPA

139

riEPAlE {contimicd).

How the Cirrhaean (Phocian) Partridges, which

iv. I.
nor sing, dehberately starve themselves in order to be
unfit for food also
but the singing and fighting birds deHver themAn
selves up rather than be slain: Ael. iv. 13; cf. Athen. ix. 390.
combatants, Ael.

can neither

fight

Egyptian dwarf who imitated partridges

II

(cf. J.

The

E. B.

Mayor

in their cages, Philostorg. x.

in Juv. viii. 33).

Partridge as food, Mart. Ep.

Myth and Legend. (Besides

iii.

65, 76, &c.

xiii.

58, 15,

the stories already told under the head

of Breeding-Jiabits, supra).

On
An

Cranes and Pygmies

nepdiKes in the wars of the

Menecles, ap. Athen.

omen

evil

ix.

2a/ia;i vrXeva-avTes els

Basilis

and

39c b.

Xu>pav, irepdiKcov avnTTTuvTOiv

2v^apip Koi Karnirxoi'TfS

noir]advTa)U

icai

eKnXnyevTes

\j/6({)ov,

ti]v 'S.iplTiv

ecpvyot^, Kal

ras Pais dvenXevcrav, Heges. ap. Athen. xiv. 656 C.

metamorphosis of Perdix, son of Daedalus, Hygin. Fab. 274,
Ovid, Met. viii. 236-260. This subject is discussed in a curious essay

ffj-jidpTes els

A fabled

by Gerland, Ueber

Perdixsage, Halle

die

identifies Perdix with the

Sacred

Zeus and Latona, Ael.

to

S.,

The

871.

writer

x. 35.

8vo e'xovai Kap^ias, Theophr. ap. Athen.

cf.

a.

Lapwing.

1.

c, Ael.

x.

35 (in Paphlagonia

Plin. xi. 70).

Hostile to

Ael.

;(eXcoi'?j,

iv.

5,

eXacf>os

Avib.

to ^Atto, Ael. v. 48.

i.

Use

1 1

and

to

e'x'i'ns

KoAo/xoy as a

remedy, Ael.

Geopon. xv,

35, Phile, 723,

i.

opiyavov, Ael. v. 46, or a leaf of laurel, Plin.

known

6 Troro/xoyfiVcoi', Phile, 67S.

De

(hence a stag's head used as a decoy), Dion.

Friendly to

viii.

also

herb variously

27, or the

as perdicium, helxine, sideritis or parthenium, Plin. xxi. (i6j 62;

xxii. (17) 19-

Proverbial expressions.
Archil. 95, ap. Athen.

ix.

Ar. Vesp. 1490, Sec,

s.

TTenoirjKoTos top Xeipojpa

pn,

love

to

the old

oTi

'

Slav. pero,

'

Other forms are

f.

TTTcaaa-ovaav

ware jrepdiKu

vide supra.

with which

Pherecr. ap. Athen. I.e.

dXeKxpucSi/.

7)

cf.

rod

i^eiaip aKoop 8evpo nep8iK0S rpoTrop.

According

a derivation not

TTfpiaaS)s

(Wandering of
O.

v.

Etym. dub.

riEPIITEPA'.
'

irep8iKns (TKeKos, nepdiKos vlos, See.

388

fpa

(Schol.

Plants, &c.,

Eng.

ed. p. 484),

a feather,' prali, pan'ti,

irepiaTepis,

Galen,

Benfey

to

(ii.

106) from Sk.

much more convincing than

Hehn
ApoU. Rh. iii. 549).
'

708

vi.

and others compare

to fl}.'

(ed.

Kiihn)

irepto-Tepos,

481) ap. Athen.

a form censured by Lucian,

Pherecr. Tpa. 2 (2. 266), Alexid. ivprpfx- 2 (3.

ix.

395

Soloec.

a,

b; Eustath. Horn.
;

cf.

p.

1712

Lat. columbiis, Yarro,

De

L.

L.

ix.

38.

Dim.


A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

I40
riEPIITEPA

{continued).

Ach. 866, Eust. 753, Suid.; TrepiarepiSiov',

654 a; n-epiCTrepioi', Pherecr. neraX.

irepto-TepiSeus, Schol. Ar.

LXX.

14, Athen. xiv.

i.

654

TpaywS. 4 (2. 599) ap. Athen.

See also

mentioned

vv. olms, Tre'Xeia, iTupaXXis, rpuywc,

S.

Charon

in

ap. Athen.

in Attic, first in Sophocles, then in the

Description.

De

Gen.

iii.

i.

I,

Kapno(})nyeL koI 7Tor](payl,

H. A.

c,

does

not

<})d{T<Ta,

and Herod,

c,

488; to

H. A.

aa>fia dyKu>8(s,

viii. 3,

lb. viii. 3,

593, 597

ovK

593.

De

koX Kovlovrai Ka\ Xovvrai, Arist.

migrate,

138;

i.

Plato.

Blinks with both eyelids,

613.

ix, 7,

12, 657, Plin. xi, [2)7) 57.

ii.

49 B, 633 b

ix.

394

ix.

Comic Poets and

opvn aytXaioi, Arist. H. A.

749 b

i,

(ivaKv7TTi Tvlvovaa,

An.

395

ix.

&c. (vide Meineke).

b,

Pigeon.

First

Com,

322), Phryn.

2 (2.
xiv.

Lev.

Part.

H. A.
Lives

b.

(when blinded as a decoy) lb. ix. 7, 613, Plin. x.

Is the prey of hawks, <^ao-l ras Tvepicrrepas yivaxiKeiv eKaarov
52yeviov [tuiv UpaKu>v\, Arist. H. A. ix. 36, 620, Ael. V. 50, (S:c., &c.
Its

to eight years old

(35)
Ta>v

coo, J. Poll. V. 13

How

eirrois

av Trepiarepas ycyyv^eiv.

pigeons purge themselves with the herb helxine, Plin.

(27) 41,

cf.

Diosc.

iv.

39, 86

viii.

feed greedily on Trfpiarepeav or ntpia-Tepiov

iv. 60, Nic, Ther. 860 and Schol.

and on the white seeds oi Helioscophnn, Plin. xxvi. (8) 42.
Captured by nets {eTria-ndaTpois) or more easily by springes (/3po;(oir),

(verbena), Plin. xxv (10) 78, Diosc.

De

Dion.

Avib.

12.

iii.

Anatomical particulars.
crn-X^va,

coare

Arist.

oKiyov

\av6aveiv

H. A.

tijv

TTpos to'ls ivripois, cf. Plin. xi. 2,7 (74)-

see also Clem. Alex., Paedag.

i.

mediaeval naturalists and poets,

Bile 9,
Tr]v 67rt
:

e\'et

tov

506 b rqv \6\r]v

e)(ei

Said to lack

15, Isidor.

tiibe

Orig.

jj-iKpiiv

gall,

xii. 7,

Horap.
61,

i.

57;

and many

e. g.

sunder gallen

cf.

xi. 27 (79)Gepiirjv rrjv KoiXiav, De Gen. iii. 7, 670.

are covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow

Arist.

De

Color.

793

3,

(6, 79,

96)

(paivovrai ;^pucroetSet? tov ^coro? dvaKKcofxevov.

avx^va

506

lb.

cf Plin.

Her wings
gold:

15,

Walther v. d. Vogelw. xix. 13 ros

Hamlet, ii. 2, Galen, De Atra
states correctly that the Pigeon possesses gall and merely lacks
Tm TJirnri Kvariv. Arist, H, A. ii. 17, 508 h npoXo^ov e;^et npo ttjs

ane dorn, ein

KoiXins

ii.

aiuGrjcriv.

Ttjs

ol

rwv nepiarepav rpaxn^oi

De Temulent. tov

Philo,

nepia-Tfpds iv rjXiaKah nvynls ov KaTfVOTjcras p-vplas

dWaTTOVTci t^eay;

ov)().

;^'pcu/:idTa)i/

cpoiviKovu Kai Kvnvovv Tivptmov re Ka\ avdpnKoei8es,

Kal aWa TravToBaTra icr;^ft xpu)p.aTn.

See also
Promot, 480 a, cit, Rhein. Mus. xxviii. p. 277, 1873. Cf Lucret.
ii. 801 Pluma columbarum quo pacto in sole videtur, Quae sita cervices
circum collumque coronat
See also Cic. Acad. Pr. ii. 25 in
et seq.
columba plures videri colores, nee esse plus uno Nero ap. Senec. Q.

eVi

Se u>xpov Kat epvdpov

Ael.

HEPIITEPA
riEPIITEPA
Nat.,

i.

141

{continued).

6 colla Cytheriacae splendent agitata columbae

5,

(36) 52 nosse credas suos colores varietatemque dispositam

5 (18)

Auson. Epist.

The young

15.

iii.

De Gen.

in colour, Arist.

^eWrj dva^aiveiv 6

Arist.

(ipprjv,

TO npcoTov'

varepov neuroi dva^aivei Koi

ox^vovaiv, koi

p.f}

axnrep

Kvcraani

TTapiJ,

WO

TLKTOvcTLV

TrXfi'o)

appeves'

oi

Am.

V. H.

d, Ael.

394

e^

and darker

Avib.

i.

560 b Kvvolaiv

2,

oi be

ye irpecr^vTepos

vearepoi del tovto

npoUpevai

dXXrjXns

els

ov yiverni veoTTOS ovdeis,

u>v

De

Cf.

De

Dion.

15,

i.

id. xxxvii.

dva^aivovaiv, orav apprjv

ov6tv

Ka\

vi.

o_Yeuo"etv o

Kvcras'

p-rj

dXX' VTTTjvepia navra ra Toiavrd elaiv.

ix.

civ

al GrjXeiai oKKtjXats

yovcp jivopeva'

Til

T)

H. A.

ovk

rj

TToirjanvTes

en

birds are plainer

Plin. x.

7S5 b.

v. 6,

Nesting and Breeding Habits.

aKKr]Ka^., orav

Gen.

iii.

75^

6,

56 oscula dat cupido blanda columba mari.

Their prolific increase r/xrei djropeoTTevovaa naXiv ev TpuiKovB'
ii.

vi. 4,

8'

TiKTOvai

563.

edv TOTTOV e'xooaiv dXeeivov Koi

S'

at irepiarepaX Trdaav

De

Gen.

copav

v.

13,

to.

TO appev TiKTei (Athen.

1864)'

Kai.

394, &c.

ix.

piau

TeKovcra

rjpepav

cf.

Flourens, C. R.,
ndXiv

etVa

diaXeinei,

encod^eL Se Kai 6 (ipprjv ev t&) pepei ttj! rjpepas, Trjv Se vvktu

45,

Athen.

394

ix.

npOTepaiq
eKpr]voi,

rj

H. A.

vi. 4,

a>(ov

&C.

eKXenei,

ibid. vi. 2)'

(cf.

562 b

cf.

Arist.

Care and Nurture of the Young.

veoTTols bioiyvvi to OTopa,

394

45, Athen.

Ael. V.

For other

H.

ix.

i.

1)

740,

duTepop'

drjXeia (cf.

Ael.

394

tt
f,

fr.

Arist.

paXiaTU

yrjs

H. A.

ix.

613 yevopevav

7,

biapacn]adpevos elcniTvei rot?

poTvnpaa Kevu^OjV irpis

Plin. x (34) 52

regarding

yap

Ka\

271, 1527.

See also

ti]v Tpo(prjv.

hence the variant

15 6 apprjv epnTvei avTols, iva

particulars

8e to aiov ttj

TiTpaxrKei

ox^verai e'vTOi eviavrov'

Kal

ox^vei 8e

be Tuiv veoTTWV TtjS a}.pvpL^ovarjs

iii.

Ixxiii. p.

TiKrei

eK-neTTeTal re Kai etcXeneTai eiTos e'iKO(nv rjpepcov

b).

TO yevopevov irpoTepov twv

c,

piv ov TiKTei,

deKuKLS tov eviavTOv,

riKrei

558 b. ijSrj 8e TLves Kal evdeKOKis, al S' eV AiyvnTCO koL SadeKUKis,

562 b Athen. ix. 394 c. wa XevKu' vnrjvepia, H. A. vi. 2, 559,
ws eVt TO noXv lippev koi drjXv, Ka\ tovtuv q)? eVi to ttoXxj TvpoTepov

561, Sec.

Ael.

ra

vi. I,

ibid. vi. 4,

iii.

rjpepais,

eKTpi<pov(Tiv,

de tov depovs ku\

ttoXXci

b.

544

StTOKel*

b.

/cat

tov Bepovs pnvov.

p'fj,

(p6ivoTT('opov.

H. A.
749

I,

iii.

tov

(cni

ev Ta'is Bepprjpepiais ;^eipta-Ta,

TToXXuKis 8e,

eVtr/^Seta" ft 8e

to.

eKyova rov eapos ^eXriara

H. A.

Ovid,

6,

H. A.

Athen.

b,

25, Plin. x. 58 (79);

nesting,

in

Athen.

(iaaKavdaxri.

pi]

care of the

incubation,

young, &c., see Arist. H. A. vi. i, 558, 2, 560, 8, 564, ix. 7, 612
Gen. iii. 6, 756 b, iv. 6, 774 Athen. ix. 394 Geoponic. xiv, i, 2, xvi.

De

Plin.

R. R.

X (53)

75, (58) 79, (60)

viii. 8, 5

80

Varro,

avvbud^eaQai [Antig. H.
npoanoXelTTovai

ti)v

nepl

beivi)

d>blva

R. R.

iii.

7, 9,

&c.

Colum.

Eustath. p. 1712, &c., &c.

Conjugal Affection and Chastity.

Ti]V

De

i,

M. 38

Koivaviav,
r;

Arist.

H. A.

avvevvd^eaQai]

TTXrjv

e'di>

XIP'^^ V

ix. 7,

6eXov<n
X^lP^

612 b otVe yap

TiXeiotjiv,

yevrjrai.

tov dppevoi depaTreia Kal awayavdKTrjan'

ovTe

en

be

edv t

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

142

nEPIXTEPA

{continued').

npos

aTroiJi.a\aKi(r]Tiii

elVoSof

rrjv

Ael.

elaupni.

avayKc'i^ei

iii.

veoTTias Sta rfjv

t'";?

6i]\(ia, (av

tj

Tvxu

d(f)atpedr]

fj.f]

rvTrrei kcil

ov yap ttot dXXr/Xcoi'

KKo\aaiivr]v els d(j)po8iTt]v p.d\i(TTn ukovo) XeyovTcop'

diacrncovrni, ovre

Xo;\^fiai',

(TctXJipovfaTuTrjv, Kai

'mpioTepav be opvidav

tov avvvupiov,

Tivi

ot're

See also Athen.

45, V. H. i. 15.
xw^^
394, Antig. H. M. 38 (44), Dion. De Avib. i. 25, Porphyr. De Abst.
Hence, in Egypt,
10, Plin. x. (34) 52, Propert. ii. 15, 27, &c., &c.

cipprjv rjv

ix.
iii.

yevrjrai

/xt)

cf.

also

iii.

a black dove a symbol of perpetual widowhood, Horap. ii. 30.

Its simplicity and harmlessness (aKepatoa-vfr]) Matt. x. 16;

De

Ador. Spir. xv

Ovid, Met.

vii.

369,

Hon

cf.

Epist.

10, 4, &c.,

i.

With

&c., &c.

-n-pos "iKpov tJKfiv Trpaori^Tos,

Cyrill.

cf.

ep. placida,

&c.

apphed to a wife and mistress,

Artemid. Oneir. ii. 20 similarly Lycophron calls Helen rpfip^v (Cass.
87, ubi Schol. diaTu\nxvoi'),'TeX(Lds (ib. 131, Schol. nopvr]), and Cassandra

As

Epithets, nepLarepu and (jiuaaa are

;

In Lat. Coluniba is very frequent as a term of endear(ib. 357) (^(io-o-a.

ment, Plant. Cas. i. 50, Asin. iii. 3, 103, &c., &c., while pahanbes,
Id. Bacch. i. I, 17 appears in the sense of lover, and tnrtur, Bacch. i. i,
35 in that of mistress.
Varieties.

of pigeon

Aristotle
H. A.

rpvyu)!':

7rfpi<TTpa, olvds,

TTfpiaTfpai

ib.

v.

Arist. ap. Athen.

nepl

upvecov,

neptcTTepd,

enumerates the following names or varieties

3, 593 ^(i^ [om. A''^, C^], ^arra [om. D'^],

viii.

13,

ib. viii.

544 b

for

d,

ix,

394

all

which

TreXeuiSef,

(purrat,

neXetds,

Trepiartpd, olvdi,

393 i
ap. Athen.
ix.

rpvyaiv

597 b

12,

Trepia-Tfpd,

(paTTa,

rpvyoves,
Tpvyoyu.

olvds,

Callim.

(fidacra, rpvy^jv.

(pdyj/-,

H. i. 15 (pdaaa, nvpaWls,
names, see under their proper

Ael. V.

headings.
irepiCTTcpd

usually the generic

4S8 b ra

I,

fr.

27 1,

p.kv

aypoiKa

TTfpiaTfpd: ib. V. 13, 544

word

axrnep

irfpiaTepwv p.h elvai tv yivos

When

5 27, &.C.

Domestic Pigeon, Coliiviba

to the
i.

is

8( TvefTe, Arist.

(i8t)

used specifically,

livia, var. doinestica

(pdrra

b TidaacTov

8e yiverai

ra

Se

refers

it

H. A.

Arist.

avvavOpunri^fi

fxaWov

Trepiarepd

rj

olov
:

cf.

Plat.
745 (ap. Plut. Mor. 959 e) irepiarfpav ((Peariov oIkstiv re
Theaet. 199 b XajSelv cpda-a-av dfTi nepiarepas, a wild pigeon for a tame

Soph.

fr.

one.

Cf. etwQds,

(p.

yap
In

ij

KaTOiKlSios Trepicrrfpa,

405, ed. Koch, 1830)

Bt)

its

with which

TU)V TTepiCTTfpSiv fxev at

generic use

it

cf.

f)

yap dypia,

Themist. Or.

eddSes TToWaKts

appears,

e. g.,

in

tipcis Ka\

flXovvrai irapa

to refer to the

To'is

Moeris

273

ov

^fpds endyopTai,

the statement that in cities

nepKTTepai are tame, in country districts very wild, Ael.

8e iv Tali TroXecrt

TTfXetay,
xxii. p.

dpdpMTTOis avpayeXd^opTai, Kat

iii.

elcri

15 nepi(rT(pa\

Trpaorarat Kn\

ro'is noaip, &c.

The passage in Ar. Lys. 754 appears
extreme familiarity of the city-pigeons.

White pigeons first seen in Greece near Athos, during the Persian
War, Charon ap. Athen. ix. 394 d, Ael. V. H.
15; though white
:

i.

HEPIITEPA
riEPIITEPA

143

{conlimied).

pigeons were not honoured in Persia, being deemed hostile to the Sun,
i.
138; the white doves had probably been the property of
Phoenician, Cilician, or Cypriote sailors (Hehn). On white pigeons,

Herod,

also Alexid. 3, 481, ap. Athen. I.e. \evKos ^A(})po8lTT]s flixi yap
see also Varro, De R. R. iii. 7, Ovid, F. i. 452,

cf.

orepo?
XV.

Trepi-

Ep.

Met.

37,

xv.

674,

xiii.

537,

ii.

The white

&c.

Martial,

715,

pigeons were apparently the sacred race of Babylon, which after-

wards spread
Engl. ed.

Syria and to Europe

to

258

p.

they are

Land and Book,

and the

cf.

Culturpfl. p. 279,

Damascus

Thomson,

(cf.

Galen distinguishes between the KaToiKiSioi

or vopadts, De Comp. Medic, ii. 10 (xiii. p. 514,

De

Temp.

Simpl. Med.

dove-cotes were built in the

x.

agrestes

(xii. p.

25

302)

near Pergamus.

fields

7 gives a similar account

iii.

in

p. 271).

aypiai, ^oaKc'idis,

ed. Kiihn),

Hehn,

cf.

numerous

still

for the latter,

De

Varro,

maxime sequuntur

R. R.

turres, in

et remeant.
Alterum genus illud
quod cibo domestico contentum intra
Hoc genus maxime est colore albo. There

quas ex agro evolant, suapte sponte,

columbarum

clementius,

est

limina ianuae solet pasci.

is

mixed breed, genus miscellum, reared

also a

in the Trepi(TTpoTpo(pe'iop

Ovid, Heroid. xv. 37 et variis albae iunguntur saepe columbae.

See also on the care of domesticated and half-domesticated pigeons,
cf.

De
Homing

Colum.

R. R.

viii, 8,

Pallad.

or Carrier-Pigeons.

i.

(ed. 4) ^AvaKpfcov

'4tTfp.y\rV

fJL

'AvaKpeovTi

neXfia]

npos

diaKovo)

fr.,

fr.

vvv, opas,

koi

ix.

395 b dno-

149, Bergk,

BddvWov

Traida, irpos

Toaavrn'

xx.

ap. Athen.

Anacreont.

ayyiXkovra top jreptorepoV.

irep'^ov

Geopon.

24,

Pherecr.

>

iii.

p.

305

eyoj 8' [^epaapir]

eKeivov

inKTroXas

message sent from Pisa to Aegina, by Taurosthenes,

a victor in the Olympian games, to his father, Ael. V. H. ix. 2. Cf.
Varro, De R. R. iii. 7, 7 columbas redire solere ad locum licet animPigeons sent
advertere, quod multi in theatro e sinu missas faciunt.
into the Consuls' camp by Dec. Brutus at the siege of Mutina, Plin. x.
KopiCco.

(53)
viii.

37

'1

cf.

32, &c.,

On Decoy

Frontin. Strategem.

iii.

Pigeons, see

^vWn(3cbv eip^as ex^h

H. A.

See also Mart. Epigr.

(int. al.)

Ar. Av. I082 rds Trepttn-epay

KanavayKa^ei TraXevfiv ^edepevai iv Biktvco

613.

ix. 7,

6' oiJ-oius

(cf.

Schol.

TovTo yXcoa-arjpnTiKcbs iraXeveiv eXeyov)

Arist.

8.

13,

&c.

Cf.

they were blinded for the purpose,

Hesych. Xeyovrai yap naXevrpiai avrai

al

i^aTvaraxxai Ka\ VTvayovcrni. npos iavra rjyovv (veSptvovaai.

Dove-cote,

nepiarepeuv,

Galen, Aesop, &c.

in

also

Plat.

Herod's garden at Jerusalem,

Bell. Jud. V. 4, 4.

Theaet. 197 C, D, 198 B, 200 B,

Varro. On the dove-cotes

n-epi(TTepoTpo(pe''iov,

irvpyoi TreXeidSwv ijpipuv, Joseph.

Great dove-cotes are

parts of the East

Tenos, the modern

still

conspicuous objects

in

De

many

they are very numerous and large, for instance, in

site of

the Panhellenic shrine and festival

(cf.

Bent,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

144
riEPIITEPA

{continued).

Cyclades, 1885, p.
internal niches

On

253).

construction of dove-cotes,

the

Geop.

(arjKoi, Kvdplvoi,

xiv. 6),

and perches

their

(cruviSes),

on

(0pp. Cyn. i. 354) or

pastor columbarius, on charms to keep the birds from straying, Sec, &c.,
the duties of the

Trepia-reporpocfios, Ti6a(r(TOTp6(pos

see Varro, Columella, Palladius,

and Geoponica,

to dove-cotes, see also Ovid, Met.

For references

loc. citt.

48 albis in turribus id. Tr. i. 4. 7

aspicis, ut veniant ad Candida tecta columbae, Accipiat nullas sordida
iv.

Mart. xiii. 31 quaeque gerit similes Candida turris aves.

According to Varro, a pair of full-grown pigeons was worth from
200-1000 sesterces and L. Axius had purchased a pair of a dealer for

turris aves

500 denarii.

The Sacred Doves

of

Venus or

Astarte.

Pigeons were sacred in the

eyes of the Syrians, like the fishes of the river Chalos, Xen. Exp. Cyr.

4,9; they were kept in great numbers at Ascalon, Ctes. ap. Diodor.
4, Philo ap. Euseb. Prep. Evang. viii. 14, 64 (cf. the Dove on coins
of Ascalon, Eckhel, Doctr. Numm. iii. p. 445); and at Hierapolis, Lucian,
i.

ii.

De

Syr, Dea,

c. 14,

where the statue of Atargatis had a gold dove on

c. 33.
On Venus' doves, see also Virg. Aen. vi.

her head, Lucian, ibid.

Met. xiv. 597, Fulgent. Mythol. ii. Sec, Sec

the doves in Palestine, cf. Tibull. i. 7, 17 Quid referam, ut volitet

190, Ovid,

On

crebras intacta per urbes Alba Palaestino sancta columba Syro

Hygin. Fab. 197, Lucian,

De

Syr. p. 912, Joseph, loc.

cit.,

cf.

Clem. Alex.

ii, Philo ap. Euseb. P. E. viii. c. 14, p. 398, &c.

See also
the account given above of the introduction of white pigeons into

Trpcff "eXAt;!/

Greece, and compare the sanctity of the bird

modern times

in

at

Mecca, Constantinople, Venice, Moscow, iScc. On the cult of Doves

in Syria, cf. Broeckhuis, ad Tibull. 1. c.
The cult of the goddess, carried from Ascalon to Cyprus (Herod, i.
cf. Antiphon.
105, Pausan. i. 14, 7), brought thither the sacred doves
;

ap.

Athen.

xiv,

635

1)

Paphian doves, Martial,

also Eustath.

Hom.

II.

Kvnpos

S'

e'xfi.

28, 13,

viii.

cf.

TreXei'as

Nemes.

8La(j)6povs
fr.

the white

De Aucup.

22

see

See also Fr. Miinter, Die himmlische

p. 1035.

Gottin zu Paphos, p. 25.

As evidences

of the cult in islands of the Aegean,

cf.

coins of Seriphos and Siphnos, and the ancient dove-cotes

the

Dove on

still

standing

on the latter island. On figures of Astarte with the Dove, see (int. al.)
Lenormant, Gaz. Arch^ol. 1S76, p. 133 de Longperier, Mus, Napol. iii.
;

pi. xxvi. 2,

At Eryx
fdr'iv, ov

tvv al

Sec, &c.
in Sicily;

Athen.

ix.

KaXoiaiv Avnywyia, iv

77fpi

(o

394

f rrjs 8e 2iKe\ias

(paai rijv Oebv

eh

ev"EpvKi Kntpos ns

i\il3vi]v

Tov roniiv TtepicrTepai acpavels ylvovTni w? 6^

fiQvdni, K.T.\.

Cf

Ael.

a silver coin of Eryx, see

iv.

Du

2,

X.

50,

V. H.

Mersan, .Med.

i.

15.

rf]

dvayeadai' tot
deco

aivano^r]-

For the Dove on

inedites, Paris, 1832, p. 57.

HEPIITEPA
riEPIITEPA

{contmttcd).

and Nicander,

Sicilian doves mentioned, Alexis

395

b, c,

The

145

Philemon,

658

ibid. xiv.

frr.

ap. Athen. ix.

b.

story of Semiramis, forsaken

an

as

infant

by her mother

Derceto, and fed by Doves in the wilderness, Ctes. ap. Diodor.

Ctes.

fr.

Leg. pro Christ,

De

De

Cf. Lucian,

ed. Biihr, p. 393.

Syr. Dea,

156 (ed. Otto), Ovid, Met.

eoue Se i] nvrf) rj napa

p.

8ia TO uepi(TTpas Knl lxOvos a7re';(6cr^ai Tip-wai.

Hesych.

Cf. also

Syriis.

The Dove

p. 885,

Cf.

iv. 47.

De Rhea

Diis, cap.

ii.

4, 4,

Phornutus,

"Aprnya

"Evpoii

ii.

Athenag.
elvai, i]v

De

See also Selden's

Diis

^eplpnfiis, Trfpia-Tepa opeios 'EXXf^wo-rt.

sacred also to Dione

Sil.

106 Dilectas Veneri

Ital. iv.

notasque ab honore Diones Turbabat violentus [accipiter] aves.

The Dove

in

Gaisford, Paroem.

connexion with the Cyprian 'AScbwa, Diogen. ap.

On the Dove in connexion with
Pref. p. 5.
i.

Aphrodite, see also Apollod. ap. Schol. Apollon.

iii.

593.

How
197

Doves hatched the egg from which Venus sprang, Hygin. Fab.
Theon, ad Arat. 131.

The Dove
as

is

not associated with Aphrodite in early Greek, unless,

is

not likely, the obscure fragment of Sappho (Bergk 16

Pind. Pyth.

references are very frequent

agnoscit aves

Cf.

On

Schol.

cf Alex. Com. ap. Athen.

ix.

395

XevKos

Apoll.

Sil. Ital.

Venus' car with

Apuleius, Met.

(8),

In later authors, the

allusion.

Rhod. iii. 548; Plut. De Is. 71 (Mor. i.

also Virg. Aen. vi. 192 turn maximus heros Maternas

'AcjipodLTTji Trepia-Tfpos

463), (Sic, &;c.

an

indicate such

loj

i.

vi. 6,

iii.

393

683 Cythereius ales

team of Doves,

its

cf.

cf Nero ap. Senec.

Ovid, Met. xiv.

1.

c.

597

Claudian, Epithalam. 104.

Venus and her Dove are associated with the month of April on the
and the sign Taurus was the
cylindrical Zodiac of the Louvre, &c.
:

doiims

This fact also has a direct reference to Pleiad-

Veneris.

symbolism.

The Dove on
Phigaleia, Paus.

As an

of the

'

Black Demeter

'

at

42, 3.

instance of the Syrian

Hefele, Concil.

cf.

monument

the mystical
viii.

ii.

771

how

Dove adopted

into Christian worship,

the clergy of Antioch, A. D. 518,

com-

plained that Servius had removed the gold and silver doves that hung
over the altars and font [note the apparent confusion of ideas in
KoKvfx^!ldpa\,

on the ground that the symbolism was

unfitting.

On

the nipia-TTipiov, or receptacle in the form of a dove for the Blessed

Sacrament, cf Chardon, Hist, des Sacram. ii. 242.

symbolism of the dove, cf also Euseb. H. E. vi. 29.

Various Legends.
in the

How

Zeus pursued the virgin Phthia

form of a Dove, Athen.

How

Doves

On

ix.

395

led the Chalcidians to

the sacred

in

Aegium

a.

Cumae,

Philostr. Icon.

ii.

8.


A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

346
riEPIITEPA

How

{continued').

and

a Pigeon caused a war between Chaonians

Illyrians, Ael.

27.

xi.

The Dove

of Deucalion

8t]\a>fxa

cKpiffxevrjv,

dTroTTTcia-av

cf.

The Pigeon

Mor.

Plut.

yevio-Qia

;^6i/xa)i'o?

Lucian, Syr. Dea,

in Medicine.

c. 12,

For

968

ii.

nepia-Tepav eK

rrjs

XdpvaKos

irakiv ivhvoyiivqv, fu8ini Se

(ifro)

fiiv

Apollod.

i.

7,

2 (vide s.v. ireXeia).

references to the therapeutic value

and other parts

of Pigeons' dung, flesh, blood, feathers,

cases of

in

poisoning, burns, ulcers, jaundice, and most other ailments, see Galen,

De

x, also Plin.

(6) 12, xxii. (25) 58, xxix. (6) 39,

iii.

XXX, passim.

Fables.

Ttepia-Teph Ka\ Kokoios,

KopuivT],

Kill

Temp,

Simpl. Med.

and

Fab. Aes.

Trepiarepa Koi

ibid. 358.

Halm) 20I

(ed.

Tvepiarepa

b.

Trepcarfpa

ibid. 296.

p-vp/J-r]^,

Si-

yj/aaa, ibid. 357.

See also, in addition to articles cited s.v. ircXeia, T. Watters, Chinese

Notions about Pigeons and Doves, N. China Br., R. As. Soc, iv.
In this paper various resemblances are shown to
pp. 225-242, 1867.
exist between classical superstitions and Chinese popular notions, an
important subject concerning which too

Among

little

information

Dove

often confused with the Cuckoo, that the former as well as the latter

is

bird

is

said to

metamorphose
Magpie's nest

to lay in the

the obscure Aristotelian

into the

Hawk, and

these facts

riEPlZTEPA" MHAl'NH.

statements referred to above

riEPKNO'nTEPOI
H. A.

opeiTreXapyos

ix.

vrraifTOS,

oiKfl

32, 618

S'

aX(Tr],

aXla-Kirai

aya6u)V ovbev'

Of

kokku^)

sp.

Cf. S.V. TreXeias y(Kuip6-miKo^.

b XeuK^

uiraiexos.
Kf<j)a\y'],

kind of Vulture.

ptyidei

ra fih KaKa ravTa

yap Koi

StcoKernt

^apvs yap Kai KaKol^ios Ka\ ra redveara

pivvpi(ii

(s.v.

4>d|/.

Indian Green Fruit-pigeon, Treron

be jSpaxdrara, Ka\ ovponvyiov npofiriKes, yvnl opoios.

Kn\

said

ap. Athen.

rjpfpovadai prjTe TTure npavvfa-Bai.

Arist.

is

bearing on

394 e; Ael. V. H. i. 15. Also Trepta-repai u>xpa'i,

brought as presents to the Indian king; aa-nep Xe-yovo-t juTjre

Daemach.
Ael. XV. 14,

An

Dove

that the

may have some

concerning the nesting of the Cuckoo in the nest of

8'

accessible.

is

other points, the writer states that in Chinese legend the

cf.

Se peyLcrros, TTrepa

optineXapyos KaXelrai
TOiS

c^oJi'

rwv

aXXois,

vno KopuKuiv Kai tuv aXXav.

(fiepcov,

iTfii'f]

8'

del

Ka\ /3oa Ka\

Plin. X. (i) 3.

the three names, not one occurs elsewhere, save vTralfTos, Roios

ap. Anton. Lib.

agrees

fairly,

c.

20

(loc.

corn).

except as regards

The
size,

description

is

but

insufficient,

with the Egyptian Vulture

in

which case the black and white plumage may explain nepKpoiiTepo^,
and, together perhaps with the stork-like nest, ope'iniXapyos.
Sundevall identifies nepKvuTTTepos with the Lammergeier, Cypaetus
barbatus, L., with which the epithet XfvKOKe(j)aXos agrees

but for this

;;

nEPIITEPA nHNEAO^

HEPKNOnTEPOI

I47

{contimied).

he has to suppose

^paxvraTa

n-repa

(alis

minimis, Plin.

1.

c), to be an

error for fiaKpoTnra.

The Egyptian

Neophron pe7-aiopierns, L., Sav., though the

plumage might be associated with the name
ope'ineKapyos, and though a comparison might also be drawn with
the Stork in connexion with the Egyptian stories of its parental
affection, is by no means peyidei p-'yta-roi, and is nearly all white,
In short, the bird is not to be clearly
instead of merely on the head.
identified, and the passage, like much of its immediate context, is
Vulture,

black-and-white of

its

altogether obscure.

riEPKNO'l.
[TrpKv6s

kind of Eagle

= fxe^as,

irXdyyo;,

vr]Tro<^6i>o<i,

ii.6p^vo<s,

q.v.

Suid.).

xxiv. 316 ahrou . . p6p<pvov SrjprjTijp' ov Kai nepKvov KoXeovariv. Arist.

Mirab. 60, 835 e< 8e dXiaeraiv (fi>]vr] yiverai, (K Se Tovrav TrepKvoi Koi
yiiTrff.
Lye. 260.
Cf. Plin. x. (i) 3
II.

De

p.6p(j)cos, irepitfos, irepKos, it is hard

be content with the SchoHastic explanations which treat them as
mere colour-epithets such an interpretation may or may not be true,
and various facts suggest that there is more to be learned regarding

In regard to the obscure words

to

For

them.

instance, eniTrfpKvos (Xen. Cyn. v. 22)

is

said to be likewise

relations between nepKuos,

(J. Poll. v. 67), but the
p6p([)vos, peXavdiTos and Xaywcjxji'os make it at least somewhat striking

a mere colour-epithet

that eniTTfpKvos, in the only passage where

to the

it

occurs, should be applied

Hare.

riE'PKOI.

kind of

H. A.

Arist.

ix.

Hawk.
36,

620 XXoi

hi ntpKoi

nai

identical, the former,

if it

mean

crnL^iai

If nepKos

Aristoteli ipsi cognita sunt, Scalig. p. 249.

fortasse nec

and

a-iriCias

are

dark-coloured, agrees as an epithet

with the traditional identification of the latter with the Sparrow-hawk.

riE'PNHI,

V.

Arist.
aWo'ioi.

11.

TTTcpi'is,

-mepvis,

HHNE'AOO'.

kind of

Wild Duck

aiKedvu) yiis

dnv Treppdrcov

Ion. ap. Hesych.

S.

also, Arist.

17

From

fr.

84 (Bergk) opvides

rivts 018'

'Itoi/

tow nr]vtXona to opveov, tov yap

6e Xiyvrj napfXKfi.

H. A.

viii. 3,

Ar. Av. 298, 1302, and Schol. 6

pas Se ptyeBos'

Hawk.

6 (pa(T(jo<p6vos Ka\ 6 nepvrjs

i)X6ov nai/eXoTres noiKiXodetpoi Tapva-inTipoi,

v. (poiviKoXeyvov'

Tpd-)(riXou (Trinav (jioivtKovv,

Mentioned

kind of

/cat

or Goose.

Alcae.

Ibyc. 8 (13) woiKiXai naveXones.

cf.

7rTepi'T)s.

H. A. ix. 36, 620 6 S' cia-Tepias

Hesych. Trrepvls, (i8os lepuKos.

593 b (with xv^'o^'^^V^j o'^* &c.)

piv eVrij/ opoLov, TTfpiaTf-

iTT]viXoy\r vrjTTjj

pepvrjrai 6e aiiTOv 'Irrjaixopoi Kal' l^vKos,

the superficial resemblance of the

name

to x'l^'aXuTTT]^, \T}vdXoL^p

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

14^
nHNEAO*!'

contiimcd).

Hesych., and from

Plin. X. (22) 29,

MSS.

occurrence in some

its

for the latter in

seems probable that both names are

it

possible that both are corruptions of a foreign (Egyptian

and

association of at|

passage,

may be

which case

nTKOZ.

Strabo,

form of a goat

(cf.

yap

pi'cus

L,:it.

Trjv

-m'TTiTos.

iii.

p. 502)

Oscan word.

said to be an

opviv TovTOv ovofJiaCovcn, Koi vofii^ovariv

See also Dion. Halic. i. 14. Cf. Ovid, F.

Grimm's D. Myth. p. 388, Creuzer's Symb. iii. 676,
s.

Symb.

of bird-names.

list

Hesych.

Woodpecker.
v. 2 ttIkov

Creuzer,

lepov.

nrnoi

The

an obscure and faulty Aristotelian

Trr]veXo'^ in

should disappear from the

di|

nepSi^, Kp^res,

riH'PIE-

and

word.

a mere confusion arising out of the story of Hermes

visiting Penelope in the

in

identical,
?)

young chicken, Athen.

iii.

iv.

Apems

Cf. also

368.

368

ix.

&c.

37,

(Casaub. for

f.

Imvovs).
iriTra, ttiitos, Triirpa.
Some editors read iiriru,
The Greater and Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers,

ninfl' (IMSS. have also

cf.

I'ttttt)).

PicHs major and minor, L.

Arist.
^jj

H. A. viii.

3,

fiaXicTTa, olov tvlttu)

593

rnvra bpvoKoKdiTTas'
TO p.fi^ov.

juei'^o)

Ibid.

ix.

ix.

609

I,

21,

dXXriXcdv,

617

"ChXa S' tari crKVinocfidya, a tovs (TKi'inas 6r]pevovTa

re [Mei^cov Koi

rj

op.ota

vejifrai 8' dp,(j)6Tepa

TCI

eXdrTcav' KoKovcn de rives dp.(^6Tpa

fj

aXXijXoiy

S'

Ka\

(pcovrjv

ravra npos

aKfXrj jSpn^en [e'x^' Kvavosl

'ixovcriv

to.

Tt]

6p.olav,

TrXrjV

^vXa TTpoanerofieva.

ttotw Trapn/xoia.

Ibid.

hostile to ttoikiXls, Kopv8u)v, xX(>^pevs' ra yap coa KaTecrdiovaiP

and

to epcoSids

(cf.

Hesych.)

ra yap oJa Kanadiei Kn\ rovs veorrols

Tov epcoStoO.

Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib.

coa,

14

C.

Se

7;

avrav iyevero KvinoXoyos

firjrrjp

yap avrcov la

TTpos TaiTTjv afTCO noXffjitiS earn Kal epcoSiw" KnTi'iyvvcri

TrtTTob*

Komovaa rqv 8piv

Lycoph. Cass. 476

Steph. p. 83)

(edit,

Slo.

rovs Kvliras

duri

TriTrw

mnovs

(cf. criTTY],

q. v.).

a-Kopniov Xaipa> andaas.

Tzetz. in Lyc.

Spveov eort daXdaainv fiTrpenes Ka\ evaSes.

The above identification, setting aside the statement of Tzetzes,

depends solely on the existence of two species of Spotted Woodpecker,
similar in appearance, but unequal in size.

m'TYAOI-

opviOdpiov Tt

Hesych.

("lypiov,

Also

iri'-n-uXos,

Schol. Theocr.

X. 50.

nr<t>YrE

(v.

1.

m<})iY|,

Trt(})r)^)

KopvSaXns =: nicpaXXos,

H. A. ix. I, 610
by Boios ap. Anton.

Arist.

also

with

apTTT],

apmicros, &.C.

7ri4)Xi|,

S. TTifpciXXls,

An unknown

Suid.

7n'0iy Ka\ apnrj Ka\ iKr'ivos

Lib.
Cf.

c.

bird

Hesych.

xx, in a fabled

Etym. M. 673

(jyiXoi.

Mentioned

metamorphosis, together
Choerob. Cram. Anecd.

nHNEAOvp nOP<t>YPII

149

ni<t>Yr= {continued).

Oxon. ii. p. 245

Lob. Proll. p. 96.
word is akin to <t)a)u^, and its alhes.
riAA'rrOZ

(v.

1.

irXdyxos,

cannot help thinking that the

Niphus

ttXcii'os,

kX(yyos, q.v. supra)

= ctjtto-

(jxiv/og^ fAop4)i'os (Arist.).

kind of Eagle.

H. A.

Arist.

ix.

8e vrjTTOcfiovos K(u
II.

618 b erepov

32,

Sevrepos fieyedei Koi

8e yevos dfTov ((tt\v o TrXoyyor KaXeirni,

oiKel 8e ^ij(r(Tas Koi ajKi) koX Xi'/xray.

p(iofir].

ov KOL Ofirjpos

iJ.i'>p(f)vos'

'

fiffxvrjTni iv rfj

xxiv. 316.

PHn.

X. I

morphnus, quam Homerus

Tertii generis

aHqui et plancum
vita circa lacus,

percnon vocat,
vi
huicque

et

anatariam, secunda magnitudine et

et

it

&c.

Commentators have given innumerable interpretations of

If

fTTiKoKeiTni

tov Hpidfjiov e^68a>,

be really a concrete

Aqiiila naevia^

specific appellation, then the

the conditions best

fulfils

but less so than the Golden Eagle

it

it

and powerful,

large

is

word.

this

Spotted Eagle,

frequents water, feeding partly

on pieces of decomposing fish, cf. Shelley, Birds of

and partly on waterfowl and sea-birds (cf. Buffon,
Hist, des Ois. i. 127, Sundevall, p. 104)
if fx6p(t)i'os, nepKvos and
(?) KXdyyos are to be taken as descriptive epithets (as they are by some),
it is dusky, mottled, and noisy.
The passage quoted from Pliny is full of fables, and includes the
story of the death of Aeschylus, which suggests rather the habits of

on

fish (especially

Egypt,

p.

206),

the Liimmergeier

An unknown

noiKlAl'l.

deros, Ael.

(cf. s. v.

vii.

16).

taken by medjaeval writers (Belon,

bird:

Aldrovandi, &c.) for the Goldfinch, from the statement that

is

Arist.

H. A.

ix.

i,

Schol. ad Theocr.
opvfov

609; hostile to KopvSav, nnro) (tt/ttp"), and ;^Xa)/jei'f.

171 (cit. Schn. in Arist. vol. ii. p. 5) uKavdis di

vii.

fCTTi TTOiKikov (col

rioiKi'Xos opvi<s
ix.

397 C

was

\iyvp6v, KoKeiTai he Ka\ ttolkiWs Sia

an expression

also

'Ai/Ti^coiTi Se TO) pi]TopL

\6yos

Ta5)V' Kai iv avT(a to) Xoyco nv8e[j.la /jLVfia

Xovs TToXXaKis fP

Hesych.
nOP<f>YPri.

ytypanrai

tov 6v6p,aTos

rr]v

Peacock.
)(u>v

xpolav,
Cf.

Athen.

(Tnypajipa Yltpi

oppas de

yii'STtii,

ttviki-

The Pheasant.

(Pna-invoi'

opvus

An unknown

noiol, 01 8e tovs Ilni'TiKovi

bird

Mentioned Ar. Av. 304.

oKct nop<f)vpls.

p.ev

for the

aiiTco ovop.('i^ei,

nONTIKO'Z "OPNIZ.

(CIS

it

identical with dKa^Oi's, q.v.

Ibyc.

to Callimachus, ap.

fr.

Athen.

= Xa9nrop<|)upis.

Ibyc.

8,

1.

(f)aa-iv,

fr.

4,

ap. Athen.

ix.

38S rnvvnTtpos

c. atoXo'Seipoi 'Ka6iKop(pvpi8fs.

I.e., Tropcpvpis differs

from

According

n-op(pvplav.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

150

The Purple

nOP<t>YPri2N.

TjpyfjLfvov

XfWTOv, Sio tcov Xap^avopevcov

i.

(H. A.

Kanrcdv Se nipfi

yl/-oypi8as,

TTfVTaBaKTvXos re

bibit).

els

509 fii'X"'^ pnKpov

aXXa a(f)68pa paKpov.

viii.

595

6,

Kara^vopevov, Iva

avTOv

rfj

X. 63,

ix.

fxaKpu,

(TT6pn)(ov

pafxcpos earl, koi

'4x^i-

De

Avib.

Kara KecpaXfis

Arist.

H. A.

ii.

"iVe rov (TT('p'ixv evpiv

249 Kvaveol

I.e. tijv rpocpijv

morsu

(46) 63

Dion.

Arist.

elai.

Xnpfiavdv rov

De

Inc.

Trnpcpvpiaii'u iv

deaar^TM' ep^^paiVei yap tovs npocrioPTCis

42 oipaiuraros re apa koi (pepcovvpoirnTos itrri

Kovi6p(vos, &c.
According to Alex. Mynd. ap. Athen.
iii.

and

inhabits Libya

is

Commagene

inhabits

it

Plin. x.

ptyiarou.

e;^et

To^crai Ilepcrai (pepovcnv.

pi) rii niiTov

AeL

Tpo<f}f].

Kai x<iipei
it

o'l

Schol. Ar. Av.

Callim. ap. Athen.

(TKOTO)

fcptoj',

Kvdvfov, aKeXr]

^(pwfia

ovVf rov irpoXo^v

e;(et'

17,

10.710.

272, ap. Athen.

fr.

rov TroSa rnpieveTcii piKpas ras

a similar description, ipvOpov avra to

29,

I.e.,

re

wf rbv peaov

(?)

aianep Tiva nlXov exei, onoiovs

Arist,

fK Tt]S KeCpaXijs (f)niviKovv, peyedos dXfKTpvovos.

pvyxos
e;(et

Temm.

Gallinule, Porphyria Iiyacvithus,

Mentioned Ar. Av. 707, 881, 1249.

388 C, d (r;i^iSavo7ro8a avrou flvai, exeiv

According to

there held sacred.

(Asia Min.) and a yet nobler sort

Plin.

(x.

69)

the Balearic Islands.

A
Ael.

iii.

An

42, v. 28,

easy

The

mode

vii.

Avib.

iii.

Avib.

ap. Athen.
i.

I.e.,

29.

21.

ii.

17

is

supposed by some

think needlessly) to apply to the Flamingo, the Gallinule not having

tries

it

The

Euboea (Erhard,

known

nOY'noI.
Anon.

Egypt and neighbouring counLake Copais and Lake Dystos

also Naumannia, 1858, p. 21), though, accord(Von der Miihle, Heldreich, Kriiper), nothing

bird occurs in

rare in Greece, but inhabits

is

I.e.,

ing to other authorities

is

De

De

272 and Dionysius clearly refer to the

fr.

that in Arist. H. A.

Polemon

vigilance,

20, xi. 15, Dion.

of capture, Dion.

a very long neck.

in

viii.

25,

descriptions in Arist.

Purple Gallinule
(I

and great

bird of lofty morals

of

its

occurrence

word

late

De Avibus

Cange, Gloss.

S. v.

in

Greece

for the

et

in recent times.

Hoopoe

vide

earum Virtutibus

KOvKov(pos),

e7ro\|/'

in

s.

v. cttoi}/.

Medicina (MS.

cit.

Du

opvfov iv aepi TTOToypevov' ovroi /CdXeirni

KOVKOVCpOS, Kai TTOVTrOf.

nPE'lBYZ.
ix. 1 1,

A name
In

615.

position of letters,
(TTre'pPus

Arist.

of.

H. A.

Wren

for the
this

word one
and

is

^rpoxiXos, Hesych., Arist. H. A.

much tempted

to suspect a trans-

to suggest, as a conjectural emendation,

also S.vv. CTirepyos, airopyiXo^.

ix. I,

609

Ka\ Kopo)vr] [t^ yXavKi]'

to.

iroXefiios Se Ka\ 6 Trpea-jSvs icaXnvpfvos Kn\ yaXi]

yap

coa Ka\

tovs vfOTTOvs KnTfadlovcriv nvTrjs.

In

and yXuv^ are mentioned as hostile

to one another.
(Here Sundevall supposes the Jackdaw to be meant,
on account of its egg-eating propensities, but the passage is mytho-

the preceding sentence

logical, not prosaic.)

opxi'l^os

nop<t>YPiQN nvrAProz

nPEZBYI

{continued).
Plin.

Cf.

151

viii.

25

Munk. ad Anton.

Lib.

Lob.

100;

p.

Path.

132.

p.

Vide

riTE'PNII.

S.v. irepcTis.

riTEPYrOTY'PANNOI-

opvi^ noios iv 'lubiKrj 'AXe^dp^pco So^'y,

Hesych.

riTE'PflN' eldos opveov, Hesycll.

Meineke, Com. Fr.

Cf.

(TTpovdlas.

FITYTH.

Arist.

have
infra

Etym.
riYTAProI,

12,

ix.

615 b

For

o|3pis, q. v.

which Schn. reads

Cf. Schn. in Arist. vol.

699, 10

a.

rpiopxos

t]

H. A.

<})wut

]\L

647 (ap. Hsych.) nXX'

226, 27, Theognost. 36. 19.

nroyyi, mvyyiyl, for

TTwyi,
s. v.

iv. p.

Etym. M.

97, 117

ii.

r)

nrepcov ^

nrvyyl,

MSS.
vide

TTu>vyyi;

Anton. Lib. 5

Lob. Phryn. 72.

Eagle or Falcon;

sort of

aeTov,

etSos

Hesych.;

vide infra.

H. A.

Arist.

ix.

32,

Tcis TToXeis ylverai'

618 b ytvos
bk

'ivioi

Kara ra

dfTcov'

rrcSta koi

KoXovai vejipoc^QVOv avrov'

tu

(iXa-r)

TrtTeTiii 8e

ko) nepl

Kal fls tu

Ka\ fls rfjv vXrjv 81a. to 6dpaos.

Cf. Plin. X. (1)3 secundi generis
Pygargus, in oppidis mansitat et in campis, albicante Cauda. Arist.
opr]

H. A.
Cf.

563b ;^aXe7r6f nepl tu TiKpa.

SchoL Lye. 91. Also Etym. M. 695, 50 ndyapyos' u8os

vi. 6,

2o0ok\jjs'

932 a.) enl tov deiKov, dno

dno rris tcrxvpas.

(fr.

fj.eXap.nvyr]s

Trjs

deToiJ'

XevKrjs Trvyijs, wairfp fvavricos

L. ( P Falco pygargus, L.), the Hen-harrier

now called irvyapyas in the Cyclades (Erhard, op. cit.
much of the description given is applicable, but certainly

Note. Ciracs cyancus,

or Ring-tail,

To

p. 47).

is

it

Sundevall imagines the Golden Eagle to

be meant, Gloger and others the White-tailed Eagle or Erne, Haliaeius
albicilla (L.), to which latter the description in Aesch. Ag. 115 6 e^owiv
dpyias, seems to apply
but these are surely excluded by the evidence
as to size (cf. Pliny, 1. c), frequency, and affection for cities and plains.
not the epithet v(^po<^6voi.

incline to identify the bird with the

which

gallictis,

popular

name

in

(Jean-le-Blanc) with

originally mystical

have been

Arist.

(cf. s.v,

p.

An
viii.

size

however

its

But the name was

cyancus.

C.

p-eXdixTruyos),

undetermined
3,

and Ki-yKXos-, about the

and streams.

The

Eagle, Circaetus

it

may

in later

times

specifically applied to a particular bird.

H. A.

riYTAProi,

Short-toed

French, as perhaps also here, seems to share

593

b.

size of a

bird.

water-bird, mentioned with

thrush

to ovpalov

Kive'i

(txoiv'iXo^

frequents rivers

agrees with Sundevall's suggestion of a Sandpiper,

Aubert

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

152

nVrAPrOI

[contimud).

and Wimmer take the three birds to be different

{^Moiacilla).
The name more strongly suggests
(Mod. Gk.

Ciftcliis aqtiaticus, L.,

vipoKoa-crvfjios,

species of Wagtail

me

to

the Dipper,

Heldr.): but

three

all

birds are quite doubtful.

riYPAAAl'Z,

TTuppaXis

s.

An unknown

(Hes}'ch.).

bird

probably

a kind of Pigeon.
Arist.

H. A.

Callim.

609, hostile to rpvyoiv, ronos yap

ix. I,

Cf. Ael.

6 avTos.

100,

(fr.

Ka\ (iios

vofirjs

r!)?

48.

iv.

c.

Athen.

4) ap.

394 d KnWifxaxos o)s Stnc^opa?

Cf. Ael. V. H. i. 1 5.

ix.

fKTi$Tai (JMiacrav, ivvpaWlda, Trfpiarepdi', rpvyova.

nYPn'THI'

CTTTup-yiTT]?,

Sparrow, Galen.

Vide

s.

vv.

CTTTOpytXos,

CTTpOu9oS.

riY'PPA.

bird, hostile to rpvymv.

Ael.

iv.

5,

Phile, 685.

Perhaps

identical with irupaXXis.

nVPPrAI,

mpias

s.

q.v.

The Alpine Chough,

riYPPOKO'PAE.

Corviis pyrrhocorax, L.

68 Alpium pyrrhocorax, luteo rostro, niger.

Plin. X. (48)

riYPPOY'AAI

= eXaios,

(v.

1.

TTuppoGpas, &c.

Lob. Prol. 132).

Probably the

Bullfinch, Pyrrhula vulgaris.

Arist.

H. A.

592 b opvis aKa>\r]KO(})ayns. Sundevall, op. c, p. 1 1 1,

with the Robin, the Bullfinch being a seed-eater,

viii. 3,

identifies TTvppovXas

and confined

to

the

mountainous parts of Northern Greece

name

Heldreich quotes the same word as the

for the

but

Bullfinch in

Mod. Gk.
nii'Y"(r)H' noios
'PA'<I>0I"

opvfis Tives,

'PINO'KEPiJZ"

'PO'BIAAOI-

TToios

Hesych.

Vide

(Verb, dub.)

opvis,

s. v.

Supposed

quae frequenter

An

Cf. tttu'yI.

Probably the Hornbill.

opvis iv AldioTrla, Plesych.

j3a(Ti\l(rKos

reg2ilus.).

'PYNAA'KH.

Hesych.

opi'if,

to

Hesych.

(Possibly

for

p/yiXXos-,

L.

Pao-iXeus, &c.

be akin to Pers. jJ. (Rund)

in oryzetis invenitur
(J.

nomen

avis,

Albertus in Hesych., &c.).

Indian bird, of the size of a pigeon, Ctes. Pers. 61

also Hesych.

In Plut. Vit. Artax. 19, p. 1020, pufTcxKi^s.

'PflAIO'Z =i epwSios, q.

ZA'AFlirH.

Also

synonym

V.

Hippon.

craXTT-iYKTr)S,

.y.

p.

63

also

Hesych.

craXiTicrTr]S.

of opxiXos (q-v.), Hesych.

Cf.

Dind. Thes.

vii. c.

45 B.

nvrAProi lEAEYKii
ZAPI N"

AlsO

HeS}'ch.

opvfov (Idos, oixoiov '^dpa,

153
crapKCn', anepp.n'Koyos,

Hesych.
In both cases

it

has been suggested to read

ZEIPH'N- opviddpiov

nected with the Heb.

Hesych.

Cf.

quasi

(raplov,

Possibly, Uke the

Hesych.

TToiov,

Ti

'

\j/apiov.

Sirens,' con-

sir, to sing.

(paai /xeXwSoi'cray, 6 8e

ol p-ev e'^w yvvaiKcis

S. v. oreiOTJl'es"

AKvXas (TTpovdoKuprfKov.

lEIIOnYri'l,

and apparently with

Suid.

17.

Cf.

Mod.

Gk., (Tova-ovpdda

also

IEIIO'<t>EAOZ" TO

Perhaps

Wagtail, Motacilla.

Literally

o-eio-oupa.

Hesych.

KtyK'Koi,

TO

'ivy^,

TO \ey6pvov

opvfov,

Vide

the Wagtail.

is

Identified with

Schol. in Theophr.

I'uy^,

ii.

In

aeicronvyi^.

KiyKXos.

s. v.

Hesych.

Tcov TpoxiXiov eTSoy,

for aeiaoXocpos (J. Albertus in Hesych.), or (Teiao\_K'\(})a\os,

s. o-croKe/3Aoy,

XEAEYKl'l,

s.

Temm.
Dion. De

Meineke,

aeXeuKias.

Avib.

i.

Philol. xii. 621.

The Rose-coloured

22 TroXvSopdoTaTOV opveov

evX>is d(f)iKvovp(vov rols dypoiKOis,

dno

OTi Tcts pev (payoiaai, tcis 8e Koi

aeXevKis, Kai pera TrXeiorr;?

rj

Knpnovs aKpiScov

Toiis

rjv

Pastor, P<islor roseus,

edrjrai nXrjdos.

povrji Trjs (TKids anaipovaai, (KKpivovaiv

as av KnTu(j)dyaiai pa8ia>s aiJTLKa, Kai nopBovpiPOii di^dpdai ^iviKr]v uv riy

e'inoi

dW'

crvppaxlav iXifKvBivai.

fl

Zosimi Hist.
KiXiKiau

i.

lepov

Ta pev ovv

pfpjyarijptoi'.

VTro Xvprjs

to'is

irepl

nepl

to

lepov

avdpainovs dTrrjXXaTTOu, Tavra

tottois)

(rvKf^eTTfp,iTe

pep

Tjj

Kara

rfj

iv

koi

to2s

fie

alrovcri,

toItw
to'is

TavTa
ai

8i

eK toxjtuiv ^Xd^rjs tovs

tTjs

TrifiKavTa tcov dydpanaiv

Kad Tjpds yeuovs dTvoaeiaapevov

ccxxiii. p.

51) iv "EiKevKia

OTopacri TdVTas Sexop^vat Trapaxp^ipa

to'is

SUcpBeipou, Ka\

TrXrjdos T (ineipov iv aKapialu)

Cod.

i.

2ap7r/;5oj/iov,

tov deov tovtov Xey6p.eva, koi as airaai

Tn7s UKpiai (Tvpnf piTTTdpivai Kai

nnpirjpi, Toil

Phys.

KoXovpevov

28pVTO

evoxXovpevnis creXevKidSas TTapa8i8ovs (opvea

dKpi8oL>v

ev8uuT(i}pva

Kapnov.

57. 6 (Schneid. Eel.

AttoXXoivos

xdpi-Tos tis tois opveis aTTocTTf-

Ttjs

prjCTdf, 8ia(})d(Lpov(Tiv avTai tov craiBevTa

Beiciv tvepyicriav.

ev8aipovia

Cf. Photius,

681 (teste Bernhardy, ed. Suid.).

Plin. X. (27) 39 Seleucides aves

vocantur quarum adventum ab love

precibus impetrant Casii montis incolae, fruges eorum locustis vastan-

Nee unde veniant, quove abeant, compertum, nunquam

cum praesidio indigetur.

tibus.

con-

spectis nisi

Cf. Ael. xvii. 19

Galen,

De

Loc. Affect,

vi.

Hesych., &c.

under the name Sa7narinog or Sa/nanna?- is in like manner

reverenced to this day by the Arabs cf. Niebuhr, Beschreib. v. Arabiens,
In Mod. Gk. it is called dyionovXi on its Spring migration,
p. 174.

The

bird,

when
it

it

destroys the grasshoppers,

devours the grapes (Heldr.).

and dia^oXonovXi

in

Autumn, when

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

154
ZEMTpaMII"
Vide
ZE'PKOI"

rrepKTTfpa

s. V.

opeioi,

Hesych.

'eXXijuio-ti,

Cf. Diodor.

6.

ii.

irepio-Tepdi.

Koi dXeKTopl^es aeXKcs,

u\eKTpv<j)v,

Baethgen,

Hes)'ch.

et signif. Galli, Diss. Inaug., Golting.

De

vi

p. 10, collates fcXKog,

1887,

a word inscribed together with the image of a

Cock on

a Cretan

vase (Roulez, Choix de vases de Leide, p. 40, nr. 13), and this in
turn with TiXxavos,
also

to the opvi^

gloss, 2(\xpoi' Uepaai.

in the corrupt

Zlfpo-tKo'?,

pi.

same

xv, 10), bears the

and shows the god seated holding

inscription

Hesych., inscribed

i84i,p. 174); further

coin of Phaestus figured in

the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins (Crete, p. 63,

IE PTHI'

Kpr](Tiv,

(Bull. Inst. Arch.,

he suggests a kindred reference

Hesychian

napa

ftX^ai^oy, 6 Zevs

s.

on a coin of Phaestus

Cock on

his knee.

yipavos, U.oX'Kvpprjvioi, Ilesych.

ZlAAENAPl'l" noios

napa

opvis

Schn. in Arist. H. A.

viii.

3 (vol.

identical with the corrupt

and suggests

Arist.,

Hesych.

Ka.\Xtpd)((i>,

p.

ii.

aKa^Spis,

s.

o-KaXi8pi9,

s.

an emendation

o-KaXuSpis as

be

this bird to

596) suspects

KaXiSpi?,

for

both.

ap.

Athen.

of
Cf.

also CTiaXis.

ZlAAl'Z.

392

Vide

ZI'NTHZ.

so-called from

bird

Didymus

cry.

its

ix.

Also Hesych.

f.

s. v.

p.aKaiKpacos.

ZIZI'AAPOZ- nepdi^, Ufpyaloi, Hesych.

An unknown

ZITAPl'Z.
cf.

bird.

aiTTt]'

ZITTA'KH, Philostorg. H. E.
Ind.
Zl

TTAZ

17

vvv olpai \(yopevr] aiTapls, Suid.:

Zonar. 1645, Lob. Proll. p. 30.

i.

8,

Vide

&c.

^ aiTTttKOS.

iii.

11.

Ael. xvi. 15, Arrian.

CTi-rraitos,

s.v. ({(tTTaKos.

bpvis nnioi'

crtrToy,

evioi

be tou yj/iTTaKoi) Xeyovaiv,

Hesych.
ZI'TTH.
cf.

(Some

]\ISS.

tWr;, q. v.

have

Also

conjecture a form

o-iWr? in Arist.

iTTTa"

H. A.

6 dpvoKoKnyj/ idpiKccs,

-^iTTr],

ix.

With

i.)

Hesych.

akin to O. H. G.

spe/i,

We

crtTTTn?

might

speht, specht,

Lith. spakas, Sk. pika, &c.

bird with fabulous attributes, allied to the

TToiof,

ot

6e

dpvoKoXdnTTjs,

Hcsych.

Nuthatch, S///a etiropaea or S.

species

is

commoner

in

Woodpecker;

Usually identified with

sjri'aca,

which

latter

opvis

the

very similar

Greece (Von der Muhle, Lindermayer);

lEMIPAMII IKQ*
IITTH

I^-

{coniimicd).

Mod. Gk.

aKaXo6dpr]s,

and TaonavonovXi,

(TcfivpiKTrjs,

i.

the

e.

little

shepherd (Heldr.).

H. A.

AriSt.

616 b

ibid. 17,

ix.

609 b

I,

Km

Xeyerai (papfiuKeia eivni 8tu to noXvidpis

Kai

^rj

A
0)

yap

w'a tov deTOv'.

to.

ev/SiWor,

Kcii

iroKvyovos 8e Koi (ureKvos,

fivai'

v\oKOTTov(ra.

Callim. Fr. 173 (in

21

fierw Tvokfjiiov' Karayvvii

pd)(ipos, Tt)v 8e didvoinv fvdiKros Kn\ fidrjficov

good omen
8e^ia

AevKiTTTTrj

TTOZ*

and

(TLTTas

6 5' i)\eos ovS' enl aiTTrjv I3\(\j/as.

Av. 705

fr.

ap. Suid. eyo) jueV

cti'tti;.

cr'iTTov, 01 jieu

[o-iVtv,

Etym. M.)

to lovers, Schol. in Ar.

yXavKa' ^
criVros

Kicrcrnv'

UpaKa, Hesych.

17

and corrupt words. They

Tn-noa, which bird,

are all doubtful

are probably akin to the equally corrupt and obscure

like

allied to the

a-iTTr], is

(MSS. have

IKAAI'APII.

bird

of Sandpiper,

gray plumage

H. A.

aKav8pts, aKa\i8pes.

AcaXi'Sptr,

Schneider sug-

taken by Belon and later writers for a species

Totanns

e. g.

whom

any one

hostile to the eagle.]

Possibly identical with tnaXei'Spis, q.v.)

gests crKaXv8p[s.

An unknown

woodpeckers and

is

calidris,

may

pleases

it

auctt., the

interpret

enlivened with a

'

notKiXla

'

Redshank but
whose
:

as a Wagtail,

it

of yellow.

593 h to ovpalov Kive'i, noiKiXlav i'x^h

(Tno8oei^fs (mentioned with axoiviXos, KiyKXos, and nvynpyos).
Arist.

IKI'AAOI"
ZKl'vp.

hrivos,

Vide

IKOAO'riAE.
to

viii.

Hesych.

andXa^

H. A.
fr.

21

daKaXwTras,

ix. 8,

(in

(
:

= Fr. d/casse).
rt.

of L.

cul/i'f,

all

the

6pvi6oaKaXi8a (Coray),

(Bik.), pneKaTa-a

Aucup.

oXov

Cf. jBdo-KiXXos.

Generally supposed, and by

daKaXonoKas,

(TKiiXoxl/,

^'

s. v. CTffapdatoi/.

be identical with

Arist.

'''o

3)

the older commentators,

WoGdeock.

^vXoKOTTa

With

Mod. Gk.
^vXopviOa

(Heldr.),

a-KoX-6na^,

cf.

Gk.

cr-KoX-o\//-,

&C.

614 en\ 8ev8pov ov KadiCei, dXX' enl rij? yt]s. Nemesian.

Wernsdorf's Poet. Lat. Min.) praeda est facilis et

amoena Scolopax.
crK(iXo\//' in Theophr. De Sign. Temp. p. 439, ed. Heinsii,
sometimes taken to apply not to the mole but to this bird
cf.

[(indXa^ or
is
J.

G. Schneider, in Arist., vol.

ZKQ>.

Etym.

doubtful.

certain than

The

o-

the

may be

According

iv. p.

The

131.]

derivation

older one from

from (TKema

o-kcottto)

is

not

more

(Athen. and Aelian).

a late prefix, from the false analogy with oKanTeiv.

to Alex. INIyndius, ap. Athen. ix.

391

b.

Homer

wrote

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

15^

IKQ*

{continued).

and

Kconas for (TKanas,

Athen.

in

stem

of the bird, and

In Switzerland

Little

Od.

66 aKoines r

V.

28,

617 b

and

cf.

It.

jacopo.

Tod, Tod, Tod,

cries

p. 102.

Mod.

or Scops Owl, Ephialtes scops, L.

(Erh.).
'ipt]Kes

viii.

be cog-

to

resembles the cry

onomatopoeic

re rni-uykoLxra-oi re Kopwvai

'^^^ 6pe(ov to\ <TKa)Tr(S dt]86(ri

134

i.

H. A.

Arist.
IX.

Id.

The name

a-KoTres.

called Todtenvogel,

Horned Owl

/cXcocrcroy, ^loivi

Theocr.

cf.

which case

in

would seem

KovKov^ata,

in part at least

is

it is

Hopf. Orakelthiere,

Gk.

Hesych., L. ciicuhare, &c.

and Mod. Gk.

Hes}'ch. has also

nate.

so also Speusippus

hoc Alexander, Casaubon

[falso dixit

Doederlein, Horn. Gloss. 2359, finds the

358].

ii.

in Kv^rjvnLs {yXav^i),

KLKKal^rj (q. v.),

The

Aristotle likewise

and Cobet's note

Ael. XV. 28,

592b

3,

eludXini.

yapvamvTo.

Two

eXarTwi/ yXavKo^.

(TKmTves 5' OL fiiv del ndcrav a>pau eiai, Kin

varieties;

KoKovvrai

H. A.

deL(TKS)Tres,

Kai ovK eadiovrai dia to afipuiroi eifni' erepoi Se -ytVoirai ivlore toC (pdivoTTO)-

pov, (palvovTai 8

tjpepav

icf)

fifu

cos

iiTTiiv

(poeyyovTai.
To'is

XV.

ovdevi, T6)

8e

Tvepl

6e

Tpvyovi Kai

Alex.

8e

8in(})fpov(rt,
(pciTrrj

Mynd.

/xoXu/3So0a/ei

Cf.

tmp

oItoi f-Uv eiaiv

Kai

avrcov

TrXetcrToi', Kai el<Tiv edoidifioi

a(j)ci)V0t,

eKfivoi

Se

irXrju

oti

ohdev wnrai,

((ttiv,

tJtis

Callimachus ap. Athen.

deicTKuiTruiv

Kai

dfiaKanrcov KoXovfievcav ovtol ("XXm

Toi)V

rw nd^ei,

Kai

ix.
elcri

391 b

Ael.

TrapanXijaioL

(vide Jacobs, in loc).

ap.

tw

bvo to

rj

7ra;^ei'

yevicreats

(f^vpioLs ^aivovTai.

28

p.'iav

Kai Sta^epovcrt

(T(j)68pa v8oKt.fj.ov(Tii>'

Athen.

391 b fitKpuTepos earl yXavKos, Kai eVi

ix.

vrroKevKa cTTiypaTa

^^pcop-ari

Trap iKaTfpov Kp6Ta(^ov dpa(f)epfi

nTepd

cf.

duo re otto toiu

i'y(ei'

Ael.

1.

6(f)pva>v

C.

The account given of the size of the bird and the descriptions in
Athenaeus and Aelian agree perfectly with the Scops Owl
this is
a noisy bird, repeating its cry with monotonous persistence. But it
appears to spend the summer only in S. Europe, migrating to Africa
in winter.
The passage in Aristotle is perhaps faulty in this connexion, owing to misinterpretation of the name deto-Kwx//- as though
from dei Sundevall supposes the other variety to be the Short-eared
Owl, Strix brachyotus, a somewhat larger species, which appears
merely to pass through Greece on its migrations vide infra, s.v. cixos.
;

The

bird

was quite unknown

(TKu>-<\r

also to Hesych.,

According

to

who has

Ael. XV. 28, Athen.

between

o-kwx//'

Vasenbilder,

p.

tr/cajx//-

ix.

and

391a,

xiv. 629f,

a-Konos, vnoa-Konos

24

Rochett,

J.

1.

o-KOTrevpi

and
;

70

as apparently

ilho^ opvku>v, oX hk koXoiovs.

Metrodorus ap. Athen.

Hence

Tovs (TKoinai.

o-KaJn-ey'

to Pliny, x. (49)

c.

dvTopxovfX('povi aXla-Ken-dai

as the

name

where there
cf.

y^oiu^-

is

of a dance,

a confusion

See also O. Jahn,

des savans, 1837, pp. 514-517.

IKi2vJ;_iniZA

Hesych.

ZMA'PAIKON-

a-rpovdlov,

IMH'PINGOI-

opvis 770109,

IOY"Z<t>A,

Cf. a-napdaiov.

Hesych.

Indian birds which indicated

aoltr^a.

s.

proximity to land, Cosmas, Indopl.

iriAPA'ZION'

opveov

ii.

may

See also

(also

ix.

anfppoKoymv

Lat. frugilega.

is

also in Arist.

zm'ZA,

o-n-iVo?,

Perhaps from

The

Cf.

Soph.
Laert.

small

fr.

iv.

(TKU>Xy]Ko(pdyos

rt.

pi'ig,

Eng.

also

cf.

Cf.

b.

also Late

e. g.

In Mod. Gk. the

Caius,

Rook

s.v. oXairoi.

to

Tn'^fu).

ciril^a"

cf.

Dim.

aTTitioi/,

Hesych.

opv^a,

KvnpLoi,

Hesych.

connected with Germ.

paint,

Jifd',

bunt-iiig.
coelebs,

KuToj Kpepnvrai

rjvre
:

y\avKa

Mod. Gk.

L.

ib.

ix.

7)

ani^' oncos iv epiceai.

opoa-TTiCoi,

613 b

&.C.,

ib.

Arist.

(ml^ai..

nipi.

SiayoL'cri

ii.

ani^a' opviddpiov, (TTpovOco ificpepis,

tov

12,

504,

H. A.

p.(v

Compared

Tov 8e x^ipcovos iv toIs ^vxpo'is.

o-TTtfiVr/?,

also ibid,

592

and,

o-Truoy,

on

t^ovi (Heldr.).

382

42

3,

See also Suid.

See also

birds;*

Chaffinch, Friugilla

Parnassus,

',

viii.

in

applies

Ar. Av. 232

so interpreted by older writers,

(MSS. have
all

finch, &c.

L., in

is

it

it

Hesych.

zm'ZH.

applied to

adjectivally (as

H. A.

Hist. Libellus, p. 100.

said to be called xa^apfuvi.

zm'rroz-

word

p.aXdaKrji' levra yrjpvv

KoKoiabes C^o"

It is

Anim.

Rarior.

Cf. Ahr.

corrupt.

have no doubt that

ra^v neropLfva,

579
Hesych. aneppoXoyos'

De

itself

Book, Corviis frugikgus,

re yfvr]

and accordingly

this

b) or generically,

387

be

Hesych.).

(T-n-p|jiofop,os,

specifically to the

(TTpouGos.

S. V.

s.v. irpeo-pus, CTTropyiXos.

Although commentators now take

Athen.

^dp,

Cf.

apparently a bird-name allied

is

the gloss Trpea^us

p. iii, &c.

ZriEPMOAOTOZ

This

Hesych.

ivpi(T^v<:,

Vide

Hesych.

dpiaOdpinv liypiov,

to o-TrepyovXof
Dial.

Hesych.

aKixf/,

i'vioi

Hesych.

TreXeKciu,

iriE'PrOYAOI*
zriE'PrYI-

(rrpovdu).

e'/x(/)e/jes

mariner

the

to

Schneider, Lex.

p. 182.

ii.

&C.

o-fAapSiKOi/,

ZriE'AEKTOI-

157

in

viii.

Timo
viii. 3,

ap. Diog.

592 b opvLS

depovs iv rots dXeeivois,

size
3,

with

592

b,

i'uy^,
ix.

Kvnvos,

21, 617.

Hesych.

Evidently some very common bird, from its use as a standard of

comparison. I follow Sundevall (in spite of Aubert and Wimmer's
scepticism) in identifying

it

with

the

Chaffinch,

on the ground of

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

150
iniZA

{continued).

and on the ground

tradition,

the bird

common

to the

Mod. Gk. name

the

still

is

partly also because the other

name

of the resemblance of the

various forms of the word ami'osj which

of

birds which might be

meant (Goldfinch, Greenfinch, and Linnet) are

fairly well

identified

under other names.

(Cod. Med. o-ny^iay).

iniZl'AX.

Mentioned (by name only)

620.

a-TTi^Lng-

Sparrow-hawk,

the

The Great

imZl'THI.

H. A.

in Arist.

UpaKos dtos, Hesych.

Accipiter

fiistis,

Tit or Ox-eye,

viii.

Identified

L.

3, 592 b, ix. 36,

by tradition with

vide s.v. irepKos.

Par us

L.

?)iaJor,

etSos alyiBa-

\ov opveov, Hesych.

Arist.

H, A,

viii. 3,

Also

CTTrii/os

im'NOI.

Vide

592 b.

s. v.

aiyi'GaXos.

(Photius), airiVa, amVir], aivivBia, Hesych.

Dim.

also (nriyyos, airuYyas, iriYyas, Hesych.

344: a-niviov, Eubul. Incert. 14.

Probably identical with onriYyos,

airi'^a,

Chaflfineh;

the

Cf.

Ar.

airn'iSiov,

fr.

so-

still

called (Heldr.).

Ar. Av. 1079 oTi

1

Tovs anivovs

(Tvveipcov

148, Fr. 443, Eubul. ap. Athen.

61XOV

TrcoXtt Knd^

Pax,

enTa rov^okov.

65 C riWeiv re (pdrras Koi Kix^as

ii.

cnrivois.
I

Ael.

60

iv.

(rnivoi 8e

apa

(To(f)a>Tpoi.

Koi dvdpaiirtov to

laaai yovv Koi x^ijxaiva /te'XXorra,

Kivai.

/cat

icfivXd^avTO.

Koi rov KaTakri'^6r]vni 5ei, dno^L^ pdcrKovcLV

Koi avTo'is

ddaq Kprja(pvyeTa

vi. I, 3

TCI

TTpoe-yfw-

Cf.

cos di> e'iirois tcTTLV.

e's

ra

d\aro)8r] )(U)pUi^

De

Theophr.

Sign,

Arat. 1024.

De

Dion.

fTTi8rip.oii(ri

Avib.

iii.

TOV eapos

2,

4 d.pn toIs liWois a-Tpovdiois toIs Kara tov ^oppdv

l^a>

inOPn'AOZ.

opav

makes
same as

all,

yirrji,

l^a>

KoXafiois

iniKaBLcravTes,

k.t.\.

TrenfSrjpevovs Koi KaTinr'nTTOVTas

(!).

In Ar. Av. 300, STTopytXoy probably means a Sparrow,

and the usual reference

the

tols

BrjpwvTai,

deajj-aTCOv 6' tj^icttov crrpovBovs

at

peWov

)(i6va eaofievriv Tvpop-qdiCTTaTii

the joke

is

TrvpyiTrjs,

a-iripyvs,

obviously

it

is

Hesych.

a-nepyovXos

is

a-novp-

a word applied to a Sparrow by

(T-7rvpyiTt]s;

and

justified

if

The word

and as Mod. Gk.

rendered in the dictionaries

TTvpyos:

barber,

a double-barrelled one.

(nripyovKo^ or

a Sparrow.

Galen, &c.,

Sporgilos,

to

in

like

/urr/Iis,

as

manner

if

from

TrepyouXor,

have suggested above, somewhat

less confidently, that npea-^vs as

a bird-name should perhaps read

(T7Tep^vs=o-nfpyvs.

These words form a

parallel

series,

with n

iniZA ITPOY0OKAMHAOI
inOPriAOI
for

{continued).

to o-rpov^oy, &c.

T,

and a
ITAYNI'H-

Hesych.

(/pa|,

Hesych.

TToto'f,

Also arpiy^,

Also

they have a near ally in Eng. Sparrow,

nearer in sprug.

still

ZTHGI'AI- opwf
ZTPI'E.

159

Perhaps a misreading
Cf.

ctt\i|.

Hesych., crTpLyXos,

An Owl,

(TTu^, 6 (XKaylr to opveov.

for axpouGias.
vvKTiKopaKu.

de

o\

Lat. stn'x.

Boios ap. Anton. Lib. c. 21.

Cf. Hygin. Fab. 28.
Theognost. in
Anecd. Oxon. ii. 41, 132.
A charm to scare them, orp/yy' anonepnov, WKTifioav, rav crrpiyy dno
^aov opfif avaivvpnv wKvnopovs eVi vrjas eXavve, Anon. fr. Bcrgk. 26, ap.
Festus, p. 314. Cf. Plin. xi. (39) 95 quae sit avium constare non arbitror
I

&c.

Isidor. xii. 7,

XTPOYGOKA'MHAOI,

(TTpoueos.

s.

crrpnySos KaTayiuos (Herod.), (Trp. 6 pe'yas

6

crrp.

iv

S.

or 6 Ai^vKos (Arist.),

AiISvtj

pfyaXrj (Ar., Xcn., Ael.),

17

6 tcov dnTTjvcov (Paus.),

(TTp.

(TTp, 6

^fpaaios (Ael.), orp. 6 'ApajSios (Ath., Heraclid.),

TTerrji

(Lucian), a-Tpov6oKdpT]\os (Died.

simply

Ach.

(Ar.

(TTpov66i

1106,

Sic, Strabo,

Theophr.

a-rp. xapat.-

Pliny), also

Hist.

PI.),

crrp.

pavpovaios (Herodian), orp. 6 aypios (Hesych.).

The

Ostrich, Struthio Camclus. L.

Herod,

iv.

7rpo/3\r;para

'$

175

to''

MoKoi

[01

Kara tovs NdpaSus

TrdXfpof

(to the

in the

(i. e.

Karayaiav Sopa? (f)opeovcn

<TTpov6a>v

south of the Persian Gulf)]

country of the Bedaween)

ibid.

192

elai a-rpovdoi

Kariiyaioi.

Xen. Anab.
Euphrates.
enavovTo'

i.

5,

2 a-Tpov6o\ al peyaXai,

aTpovdov 8e ovdeis eXa^ef'

met with

yap dneanaTo (pfvyovaa, vols peu

ttoXv

TTTepv^iv "tpna-a, coanep iariai XP^H-^^"] (cf- Ael.

peWoi, rovs irapanlirrovTa^ Xidovi

aXiarKecrdai

noa-iv

cf.

De

Phile,

Ar. Av. 875

'f'^'

o)? pii>

De

Part.

yap ovK

An.

iv.

fifv

Terpdnovs

eari tu nep]

ii.

els

u)S

opj/ts,

1 1

18 KoXoii ye KoXXfVKov TO

iv. 14,

tiv

697

to.

'nTneoiv raxii

Spopco,

27, iv. 37,

rovTriaco

Ttjs

rais

10)

viii.

8f

ft fig

acj^frdoua Tols

ii.

aTpovdov

peu yap opvidos fx^h

TfTpdrrovs nTepa

cov (3Xe(f)api8as e;(ei

<ws 8'

dixiiXos

rcoi/

144; Claudian in Eutrop.

ttjv Ke(f>aXt)u /cat rti

Tas ^Xe(pap[8as,

Arabia,' near the

Trocrt

;^et,

w?

S'

fie

dXXa

Tas livutOev (ibid.

nvio Tov avx^vos,

TTTfpOV.

C<?*'

ii.

TeTpdnobos.

oi/Ve

ntTfTai

Tptxa>^i].

eTi de

658)

y^nXos

14,

/cat

wcne Tpix<^8e(TTepas ex^^^

opvis (ov Ta KaTcodef cTirepcura/,

(ibid. iv.

^^

'''"

ovk wv opvis

peT(i>pi^opfuoS) Ka\ TU TTTepa ov ;^pr;cr(pa Trpos nT?]^^

as

'

(TTpovOa peydXr], prjrpX decov Koi dvdpdincLiv.

Ar. Ach. (1106)

Arist.

in

Sico^airer

ot 8e

12,695) ^^ TfTpdnovs

/cat
;

fitVouf
01/

peV eariv

yap daKTvXovs

l6o

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

ITPOY0OKAMHAOI
f'X^i-

iro8os

Plin. x.

cf.

I, x.

one

nest),

cf.

of eggs (vn-ep

TO.

De

Gen.
v.

Heraclides ap. Athen.

King

of the Persian
Ael. xiv. 13

On

1.

De

Ven.

iii.

of the

The

487.

b,

'

c.

at the

ol 'Apdl3ioi,

Indian

King

'

(orp.

De

the capture of the Ostrich see also Diod. Sic.

0pp.

7,

7, Phile,

also of Heliogabalus, Ael. Lampridius,

rerpd-

15,616

(the fact being that several lay

145 d a-Tpovdol

and

ix.

749b, and Ael. iv. 37. On the number

on the construction of the nest, and on

Ael. xiv.
iv.

aWa

';^ei

H. A.

Arist.

i,

iii.

oyboriKofTnl),

maternal affection,

its

chtiov oti to fieyedoi ovK opviBos

(22) 29, xi. (37) 47, &c.

more eggs than any other bird

lays
in

{contumed).

aXXa xi^as- tovtov 8

ol

banquets
x(po''i^oi),

Heliog. 28.
50, Ael. xiv.

ii.

interesting account in Strabo, xvi. 4, 11,

doubtless refers to the Ostrich.

How

the Ostrich swallows stones, which are a medicine for the eyes,

and how

its fat

and sinews are a

useful tonic, Ael. xiv.

7,

Phile,

The

I.e.

price of Ostrich-fat, Plin. xxix. 30.

Pausan.

ix. 31, I rfjv Se

'Apaivorjv (a statue in Helicon) crrpovOus c^epfi

Xa^Krj Tuiv anTr'iVaiv' Trrepa fxtv ye Ka\ avrai Kara rnvTo. Ta7s c'iXkais (jivovaiv,
VTTo

8e ^dpovs Kai 8ia peyedos ovx old re iariv dvex^iv acpas ef tou depa

Cf. the a/es

TO.

TTTepd.

cf.

also Flav.

equos of Cat.

Vop. Firm.

c.

and

Ixvi. 54,

note thereon

Ellis's

6 sedentem ingentibus struthionibus vectum

esse ut quasi volitasset.

De

0pp.
fjTOi

Tr]S

Ven.

iii.

482 et seq.

p.kya davpa,

peyedos pev VTrep^iov, oaaov vnepde

veodqXea Kovpof'

Callim.

e'v rfj

(TTpovOo'io Kdp7]Xov

v.

200 f

Theophr. Hist.

?)

Bd/crptoi/ ola

PI. iv. 3, 5.
i.

e.

eight

ii.

2,

17

Vola

curriculo.

Ostriches harnessed to the

solet.

coach of the Emperor Firmus, Flav. Vopisc. Firm. c.

Ostrich plumes mentioned, ibid. iv. 4, 5, ix. 12, 5.
the eggs are eaten by the

a procession of Ptolemy

in

Cf. Plautus, Pers.

Isthuc marinus passer per circum

How

evvrj,

a-rpovdrnv avvccpLSes okto),

yoke of ostriches (drawing chariots

Philadelphus at Alexandria.

&C.

prj vopevrj rrjs Ai/Sur;?,

Rhod. ap. Athen.

evpvTaToiaL (pepeiv

j/coroi?
|

ov8e pev opvlOecraiv opoiios dp^abov

be (f)v\ov e'xovaiv dn6(rTpo(f>a Ae/crpa,

Ostriches

perd

Garamantes

(in

6.

the Libyan Desert),

Lucian, Dipsad. 235, but are of inferior quality, Galen, De Ovis, xxii.
How the Ostrich hides its head in the sand, Oppian, Halieut. iv.

630

Tola be Ka\ Ai^vrjs WTepoev ^otov dyKvkobeipov

Cf. Plin. X.

The name
to

be

(rTpov6oKdpT]\os

(TTpovOoKnpijKuiv

tSuv

yap avrds peydXas (TTpovdovs

ITPOYGO'Z,
Anax.,

viiina

Texi^d^ei,

k.t.X.

I.

and

3.

CTTpou6ias,

tj.

is

modern,

[(jvopa
:

cf.

Koi

ibid.

cf.

De

3.

De

Alim.

Prob. Succ. Alim.

Also axpoGs, Hesych.

164, Ephipp.

Galen,

toIs Trt/Xntoly] drjBes.

Com. Anon. 4.647 (172);

o-rpooOis,

20

vi.

Dimin. aTpouOioc,

326; CTrpouGapioc Eubul.

iii.

ovopd^ovcri

Arist.,

268 (14);
EusL. Opusc. 312,
3.

ZTPOY0OKAMHAOI
ITPOYOOI
cf.

ZTPOY0OI

l6l

{contimied).

449, and

Alexid. 3.

Prodr.

Meineke's note

Cf. CTiropyiXos, o-TrcpyouXos,

Theod.

arpouOtaKos,

Goth. spar-va, O. H. G. spar-o^

Eng. sprug, sparroiv, &c.

Sparrow, Passer

L.,

do!7U'sticiis,

Greece, as here, the com-

in

monest of birds (Von der IMuhle, &c.)

Mod. Gk.

q. V.

(Heldreich)

Very

(Erhard)

aTrovpyirrjs

and

Cyprus

in

in Elis, called also 8ip"ns,

on Parnassus
Heb.

often used generically, like Lat. passer,

small birds
Tojv

PhaVOrinUS, &C., a-Tpovdla

(cf.

opvidcov)

sometimes of larger

Nic. Alex. 60. 535

KdjjiTjXos)

TpvnocjipdKrrjs

o-rpovdos (Sakellarios).
"112V,

birds,

a-Tpov66s

e. g.

transferred to the Ostrich (vide

of any

6' oC'Serfpcoy Trdvra TO.

puKpa

KaroiKdi,

o-rpouOo-

s. v.

applied to the Stymphalian birds, Epigr. Gr. 1802. 5.

Early and Poetic References.

brood of sparrows,

The

308-332

II. ii.

serpent and the

story of the

an instance where the name

(as is "nsv in Deut. xxii. 6)
the

this

is

used vaguely and not specifically

Homeric account of the nest is reflected in Ael. iv. 38, and the statement as to the number of eggs reappears in Arist. fr. 1527, ap. Athen.
is

391

ix.

f.

Venus' team of sparrows, Sappho

aTpovdo\

7Tp\

On

fj.CT(T(o.

yas peXaivas

The

i.

9 koXoi be a

the connexion between this image

pensities of the sparrow,

i.

fr.

cf.

an

nvicva 8ivevvT(s TTTep

Athen.

1.

ayou

aipdvco

and the

wKees

nWep\os 8ia

lascivious pro-

c.

story of Aristodicus and the sparrows' nests in the temple, Herod.

159.

Not mentioned

Tragedy, save for Aesch. Ag. 145 Kardpopcpd

commentators.
Aristophanes: Vesp. 207, Lys. 723, Ach. 1106, &c.
in Attic

(pdapnTa tjTpovOuiv, on which line see the textual

re

Frequent

in

Description.
15,

505 h

Arist.

H. A.

viii.

3,

(TTopaxov ovT Tov npoXo^ov evpvv,

e)(ei'

dXKa

613

7,

piKpci ndfnrav.

Ae'yovcrt

TTOiovpevoi

lb. ix.

aWa

Ibid.

7,

59

arjpeiov

on

^^'^ ^'x^'

rqv KoiXiav paKpdv.

49 B, 633 b

^i]v

cos

ii.

dTro(f)vd8as

Ibid.

tovs appepns,

tov eapos ov cfiaivovrai exovres evdvs ra

i(T)(ovcrtp,

lb.

ovre tuv

Kal Kovlovrai Ka\ \oiivTai.

Se rivei Koi Ta>v <TTpov6ia>v eviavrov povov

peXavn, vcrrepov b

TTUiyiova

592 b opvis aKw\r]Ko(pdyos.

TTpos Tols evTepoLS ri]v \i'j\rjv 'e\ei.

Trepi

tou

ovbevos (rco^opevov tow irpOTepuiv'

Tas be drjkeias paKpo^icorepas eivai Totv (JTpovdlav' Tavras yap aXiaKeadai ev

Tols veois, Ka\ biabqXas elvai

t<j3

e'x^"'

'''"

273. 1527 (ap. Athen. 392 a) pera^dWei.

iii.

12,

519

Alex.

De Gen.

Mynd.

v. 6,

crcX r;pn.

albino varieties,

Arist.
cf.

fr.

H. A.

b.

ix.

TO pvy)^oi KepnToeibes paXXov ti]U

exovcrai ovre peXav.

On

391 b bvo yevrj eli/ni tu>v arpovdojp, to pen

be 6i]\eias avTMv aadereaTepas to. r aWa elvai, (cat

ap. Athen.

rjpepov, TO b' aypiov' tcis

785

^^P' ^" X^'^^l

;(poaj',

to be TTpocraTTOU ovTe Xiuu XevKov

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

]62

ITPOY0OI

{continued).

De Gen. iv.
Arist. H. A. v. 2, 539 b o^ia^ (TvyyiveTni
(ap.
fr. 273. 1 527
TroXvTOKOvcriv,
cf.
kuI
TLKTovaiu
dreX^
Tv(f)Xd'
b
774
Athen. 391 b) tiktci fiexpi- oKTd>. Athen. ix. 391 e 6x(vtikoI dcnv. Hence
used as an aphrodisiac, Terpsicles, ap. Athen. 1. c. The erotic symbolism
of the sparrow is alluded to by Festus, s.v. strutheum.
Reproduction.

6,

sparrow may have been, I am pretty sure in

mind, pace Professor Robinson Ellis, that it was not Passer
domestzats, the most intractable and least amiable of cage-birds
on the point at
Cage-birds
{experto credej cf. also Bechstein's

Whatever Lesbia's

'

'

my own

'

'

issue, see

De

Ouincey, Selections,

viii.

p.

82).

passer, used (non-specifically) of a cage-bird,

U (WTO) axTTTfp ojweu>\

Boch. Hieroz.

ii.

rj

bi'jcreis

aiiToi/

wanep

cf.

As

to arrpovdiou, or

Job

irai^r]
;

cf.

8e

also

152.

A "Weather-prophet. Theophr.

Sign.

vi.

3 arpovdos a-niCoiv ecodev X^'M^'"

piou [cnipcuvei]' arpovdos eav XevKos \eipixiva peynv a-ijpnivei

ITYM<t>AArAEI,

24

xl.

crrpovdlov TratSio)

s. lTU|jL<j)T]\i8es

They were met with by

cf. ibid. C. 2.

Fabulous and mystical

op>'i0es.

birds.

the Argonauts at the Island of Dia; they

shot forth their feathers like arrows, and were put to flight by the
beating of spears on shields, ex more Ciiretum, Apoll. Rhod. ii. T054
and SchoL, Q. Smyrn. vi. 227, Hygin. Fab. xx, Claud. Idyll, ii. They

were shot by Hercules in his fifth labour, i7i i7isula Mar/is, Hygin.
or terrified by
Fab. XXX, or at Lake Stymphalus, Pans. viii. 22, 4
him with a brazen drum, Strab. viii. 371, 389: cf. Pisand. ap. Paus.
they
1. c,
&c. They inhabited Arabia, and had migrated thence
were as large as cranes, and resembled the Ibis, but had stronger
beaks they pierced through iron and brass but were held by reedmats, eaOrjTei (pXoLvai, as small birds by bird-lime, Paus. 1. c. Represented, three in number, on the metopes of the temple of Zeus at
Olympia (now in the LouvTe) Paus. v. 10, 9 cf. Exped. de la Moree,
Also, together with female figures having birds' legs,
i. pi. yy, Sec, &c.
on the temple of Artemis Stymphalia at Lake Stymphalus, Paus. 1. c.
Also on medals, cf. Med. du Card. Alban. ii. p. 70, &c. on an amphora
on coins, as
in the Brit. Mus., J. de Witte, Gaz. Arch^olog. 1876, pi. iii
;

cresfed water-birds (b.c. 431-370), B.

M.

Cat. Coins, Peloponnese, p. 199.

According to Dupuis (Orig. de tous les cultes, ii. p. 260, 8vo, Fan
the Stymphalian birds are the constellations of Aquila, Cygnus
and Vultur or Lyra, which rise together with, that is to say are
iii),

para7iatelIo7is

of,

the sign

Sagittarius

(cf.

Hygin., Columella, &c.).

Starting from the Lion (with which the labours of Hercules began)

the sign of the Archer

is

domicile of Diana, to

whom

similar explanation

Diomede.

the

fifth

in

order

it

was moreover the

belonged the temple

possibly underlies

at

Stymphalus.

the story of the Birds of

ITPOY0OI IXOINIAOZ

ITY'E.

bird-name, mentioned, in connexion with a fabled meta-

morphosis, by Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

lYKAAl'l (MSS.
cTvKaWii,

of.

have also
Athen.

ii.

a-vKaWls,

kciAiV,

65

Vide

ficedula.

Epich.

f]

On

aiKiAis).

form

the

c.

fji\aYK6pu<(>os

of.

Lat.

alricapilla, auctt.

also koutiScs.

49 Ahr. ap. Athen. ii. 65 c fJ-yXaai avKaWiSes.

viii. 3, 592 b opvis o-KtuX^Ko^ayor.
lb. ix. 49 B, 632 b

fr.

nera^aXkovcriv

(avKaXibes Koi fXfXayKopvcpoi)

avKaWs

fiev

Mynd.

onaipnv,

rrjv

ap. Athen.

vno Se

KoXelrai,

Trepi

8vo

avrai

tcS tSuv (tCkcov

yevt]

eiVni

S'

Kaipa.

avKoWs

i,

Mentioned

wv

v(p'

fiev i'Xniov

Athen.

aiKa.

to.

dXlaKovTCu

S'

also, Ael. xiii. 25.

suppose the Marsh Tit, Panes pahist^-is,

L.,

Sundevall supposes a confusion

and the Black-headed

(ixeXnyKopvcjios)

to

22, Festus.

orav aKpd^yj

8',

P. atricapilhis, Gmel., to be meant.

between that bird

xv.

ylviTai

evdeais fxera

avrov, a-vKuXidn ku\ fiiXayKopucpov.

Wimmer

Aubert and

dWijXovs'

els

fi\ayK6pv(fios

65 b arepos twv alyiddXcov

ii.

tivcov Trvppins'

ibid.

8e

Geopon.

Cf. Plin. X. (29) 44,

(^BivoTTOdpov.

Alex.

s.v. o-rpil.

H. A.

Arist.

s. v.

Vide

c. xxi.

Probably the Blaek-cap "Warbler, Sylvia

ovTOi

163

Flycatcher, AInscicapa af7-icapilla^

as

(avKaXis),

L.,

Pied

or

accounting for

But the Black-headed Flycatcher is

probably chosen incorrectly, and should be the Black-cap Warbler or
the imaginary metamorphosis.

true Beccafico, Sylvia atricapilla.

bird which comes

multitudes on

the

down

the latter and not the former

It is

autumn and

into the plains in

(Kriiper,

fig-trees

p.

241,

&c.).

caught

in

The former

is

is

a comparatively scarce bird in Greece (Kriiper, Lindermayer). Coray,

on the other hand, identifies avKoXls with the Golden Oriole, in Mod.
Gk. (TvKocpdyos. The Golden Oriole is also known now-a-days as
KiTpLvoTTovXi and aoxXalos, the latter of which names might possibly be
a corruption of

IYPIITH'Z'

a-vKaXis.

yepavos

ZYPOriE'PAIH.

("pprjv,

Hesych.

variety or species of Partridge.

Ael. xvi. 7 crvponepdi^ yiuerai

CTiTe'irai

TTvppos

8e

TidaiTos,
rjblcov

330.

TO

dX\

pdn(f)os.

(iypLos is

TOV erepov, Kal

The

IXOINI'AOX.
(Txn'ivos,

ttjv

ti]V

A.VTinx.^inv

ttjv

UicriSias,

ov)(

fjfiepovTai

to del

8LciiJ.evi,

Tt)v

Kara tov aXXov, ov8e

8e

ecTTi

8e

yiverai

ov fieyas, ^padrjval

crdpKa ttw? 8oKei nvKvoTepos.

Cf. Phile,

Kal

xpdav,

Te

De Anim.

species cannot be certainly identified from this account.

(Also

(txo^vikXos, axoivlXos, &.C.

Hesych.

a-xoiviKos.)

(From

iuncus.)

Probably a Wagtail,
Arist.

irepl

piKporepos Se eVrt tov nep8iKas koi peXas

Kal Xidovs'

H. A.

viii.

3,

jl/olacilla sp.

593 b

mentioned with KiyKXos and nvyapyos

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

164
IXOINIAOZ

{continued^.

a thrush, which moves

as a small bird, smaller than

and

tail

its

frequents rivers and ponds.

The

identification

hangs by that of Kt'-y/cXos and Tri'yapyos-, q.v. Of the

is to be identified with any certainty; I am

three bird-names, not one

inclined to interpret -nvyapyos^ the largest of the three, as

somewhat

a Sandpiper, and to suppose the other two to be both Wagtails at any

rate, (rxpiv'CKo^, in its derivation, rather suggests a Wagtail than a Sandpiper. The same bird appears elsewhere under such names as KiWovpos,
;

vide also s.v. crKoKiSpis. The identification with the

Reed Bunting, Eniberiza schoe?itclus, adopted by Turner, Gaza, &c., &c.,
is based purely on the derivation of the word, and is contradicted
by the fact that the Reed Bunting does not flick its tail as the

(Tfia-ovpn, aeicroTTvyis

others do.

An unknown

IXOlNl'aN.

identical with

it,

H. A.

Arist.

in'AEI,

610

axoivluiv

An unknown

at.

De

ix. i,

Avib.

iii.

perhaps, as Gaza and others take

bird;

ctx''*'^^5kcii

Kopvdos

<pi\oi.

small bird, caught with bird-lime

Dion.

2.

Apparently names

TArH'N, TAPHNA'PION.

drTayas

for

given by Tournefort (Voy.

Tayrjvapi is

m),

p.

ii.

Suid.

(q- v.),

Mod. Gk.

as

for the Francolin.

TANYU'riTEPOI.
Vide

TATY'PAI.
TAQ'I,
e.

s. V.

Hawk,

sacred to Hera, Ael.

Trypho, ap. Athen.

to

g. Ar. Av. loi, 269, raw?,

i.

e. ra/^coy.

(I'kki (v.

On

change of Semitic

the

tails,

Cf. Lat. pavo, A. S.

Edl., &c.).

into

ix.

397

The word

with Hebr. hikk-iyiyn, Arab, tdivus, Pers.

Sk.

xii. 4.

Te'rapos.

According

raws.

.y.

species of

see

to

e, in
is

Attic,

referred,

Tamil

(o^ai, ^^

pawa, GtY.p/au, &c.

Hehn, Wanderings of

Plants, &c., pp. 208, 266.

The Peacock.
and

TO

iraSiVLv,

Mod. Gk.

History and Mythology.

Upol d(Ti TTJs"Upas.

Kai

p.)']

^dpa, Ka\ fVTfvdev fh tovs

T]

b'

iv 2a/x6)

c,

cf.

Eckhel, Doctr.

pi. V. 49.

6 -naav

Menodot.

ap. Athen.

xiv.

655 a

oi

tooI

ttotc wpuiTKTTOi Kn\ eyfvovTo Kal eTpd(f)T]<Tav iv

e^co tottovs dii>66r](Tav.

"Hpa to xP^co^^j

Trepi^XeuTovs raajs.

<f)ovs Koi
1.

wayavi (Heldr.), i.e. irufavi; also

novXoXdyoj ap. Wagner's Carm. Gr. Med. Aevi.

Cf.

Antiphanes,

(paaiv, opuldav yivos [e'^f'])

'roi'S

ibid.,

KaWipop-

The Peacock on

Numm.

ii.

p.

568

coins of Samos, Athen.

Imhoof-Blumer and Keller,

Samos was, according to this evidence, the original home

The bird was sacred to Hera (as also

the Peacock in Greece.

of
at

^wc\

;;

2X0INIA0Z TAni

TAQI

{cojiiiiiiied).

Tiryns, Paus.

stcuTy

its

165

(Hehn)

Cauda sidera portat

Claudian, Eutrop.
raSiva

opvida

rfjv

aa-Tepanrop depa,

Queen

of Heaven (cf. Eur. Hel. 1096) from

Ovid, Met. xv. 385 lunonis volucrem, quae

17, 6) as

ii.

tail

ibid.

Juv.

Stat. Silv.
32
Lydus, De Menss.

vii.

Cf. also Joh.

lepols

to'ls

723

i.

330.

ii.

fJToi

cf.

"Upas

ttjs

ovpavov.

01

De Domo,

Lucian,

Cf. also

Sidoaaiu,

cfivatKol

26

4,

ii.

66

p.

oiovel

xi.

p.

/cat

jov

908

Hemsterh. ad Nigr. i. p. 247. The Peacock is associated with Hera

on coins also of Cos, Halicamassus, &c. On a Roman zodiac (Millin,
Galer. Mythol. pi. xxix. fig. 86) a Peacock comes after Capricorn,
coinciding with the Athenian month Gamelion, the month (Hesych.) of

Hera;

cf.

Philologus

Boetticher,

Der Zwolf-

399, 1S65, Pyl,

xxii. p.

im Louvre, Greifswald, 1857, &c. [The association of Hera

vi^ith the month Gamelion (Jan.-Feb.) is due to the fact that this was
the month of the sign Aquarius
and the connexion in turn between
Hera and Aquarius is connected with the fact that the Full Moon
stood in that sign when the Sun was in Leo, in the month of Zeus, at
the season of the Olympic festival.]
gotterkreis

The

Mosch.

story of Argus,

Avib.

i.

28 (ppovpos ovTos

f X^aXfTTaivev'

'Epprjs 6

Ta>v 6(fi6aXpa>v

e;^oi'Ta

ii.

Ovid, Met.

58,

rjv

avuXev avTuv,

'lovs,

ttjs

hyeme

"Hpa Kar

Hence a

gallica frigidior est

napa to

Trjpevs'

720, Dion.

i.

rjuiKa

rrjpflv ti)v

De

avrrjS

Knl reXevTrjaaPTOs, avr]Kf.v opviv

ra arjpua tu>v npoadev.

Ar. Av. 102 suggests (sed

Bochart) Taws 6

Id.

rawy]

[6

t]

yr)

Scholiast

in

haec coniectura,

Ico.

On

Peacocks in Athens, in the time of the Persian Wars, Antiphon

ap. Athen. ix. 397 c tovtovs Tpe(j>iv Arjpov t6v TlvpiXapnovs koI noXXovs
TTapayivfcrdaL

Kara ttoOov

vovprjvias 6 ^ovXopevos

dedaaadai, ovk
TrXeov

eariv

cf.

Ael.

suggested in Ar. Av. 102, 270

63

cf.

Strattis, MaxeS.

7,

S'

<aa>v

eK

aXXas fjpepas

AaKeSaipovos

re

peraXa^eiv
ft

V.

21.

Its

Kcii

aXXa ras pev

tis eXBoi ^ovX6pei/os

Kal ravra ovk ex^Oes ouSe

(ttlv oo-tis eVi^p^e.

TpinKovrd

t]

ras

eia-jjei,

deas

opvlBcov

tojv

Ti)s

QeTTuXias Kol aTTOvtqv noulcrdai. rSiv

rarity

Trpcirji/,

at

dXX'

the time

errj
is

but already a nickname in Ar. Ach.

ap. Athen. 654

noXXcbv (pXvdpcov Ka\ raav

dvTa^ia,
Its

397

3-

former rarity and subsequent abundance, Antiph. ap. Athen.

"^^^

nXeiovs

S'

raav pev

ojs

dal vvv

tcov

citations, see

Athen.

GrjXvv bpaxpHiv pvpiwv,

ana^

oprvyav
xiv.

On

(at

Rome),

6s4e-655

3-j

Antiph, ap. Ael.

Plin. X. (20) 23, Varro, R. R.

cf.

povov

tls ^evyos rjyayev

iii.

6,

cf.

cnrdviov

Eubul.

3.

259

oi>
;

for other

fripaivTo 8e t6v I'ippiva Kn\ top

v.

21

Macrob. Sat.

cf.

also Plut.

iii.

13,

i.

op.

160 d,

&c.

the probably independent introduction of Peacocks into

Hehn,

ix.

to )(prjpn

Rome,

c.

The Peacock is an Indian bird, Aelian passim, Lucian, Navig., &c.

and was bred for the 'Indian' King, Ael. xiii. 18 eV to'ls TrapaBeiaois

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

l66
TAfll

{coniiniicd).

It was likewise kept in Babylon, Diod. Sic. ii

and the passage in Ar. Ach. 63 may imply that the Persian ambassador
was bringing a present of peacocks to the City. How Alexander
protected the Indian Peacocks on account of their beauty, under pain

Tpi(f)ovTai TOCOS rlfiepm.

An Indian Peacock presented to the

Egyptian King, Ael. xi. 2,3' The Indian Peacocks larger than elsewhere,
The Peacock throne at Babylon (as to this day, according
ibid. xvi. 2.
of a heavy penalty, Ael. v. 21.

to report, at Teheran), Philostr.

The Peacock,

the

like

386 k.
Cock, was also called the Persian Bird.

Schol. on Ar. Av. 707 has ra TroXvreX^ Tvavra,

UepaiKu'

(KaXeiTo

ciXeKTpvoua,

ol

fie

Km

vvv

top

raat.

ovk

loc. cit.

Vide

s. v.

The Peacock

De

as food, Ael.

R. R.

opvis

Taws

racor.

Philostr.

cf.

rov

8e

rives

WrfbiKos opvis,

MtjEikos opcis.

Plin. X. (20) 23; cf.

Varro,

fxovos fSaaiKevs ixp^lTo,

UepffKos.

MrjSiKus Koi p^pLiCTOTrrepo? kol aXa^oviKos

evnrjXi]^,

V. 21,

Suidas,

Cf.

oU

opvis

tis

Idicoi

iii.

iii. 42
Hor, Sat.

Columella,

6,

28, Juv. Sat.

2.

ii.

by Hortensius,

so used

first

ii.

143,

ibid.

vii.

32,

and innumerable other Lat.

viii. 11,

references.

Description.
e'lKoaiv ert]

Arist.

H. A.

vi.

6 Se rcuos

564

9,

ttoiklXUiv tu>v TTTepoiv aTToXap-IBdvei' eVXeVei 5

ana^

TrXeioaiv.

Colum.
wa.

Trepl OKTO)

yivernL

de Kai

Trpcorois Toiv

TOVTiov

rpels i]pepns Ka\ ovk

rj

viii.

Pallad.

11,

tokos

evQecos

e(f)e^?js (cf.

Arist.

fr.

8'

aXe/cTopt'St

TTTepvyMv TToXvavOei XP^'-U

avanXaia'as, axrei re tis

Ael.

uKvaXos

ix.

Mosch.
1.

Bappel Tols
e^cjidev

TTTepo'is,

oide,

cocnrepovv

t;]

eTTcod^eiv

ol

b.

ii.

59 opvLs dynXX6p.vos

;(pv(ret'ov

Kai

eV avTa Kopq,

avra Kai Kocrpov

Ach. Tat.

(po^ov dnoareXXei, k.t.X.

rapaa

S'

raXdpoio TrepLdKene x^iXea

Ael. V. 21 o Taws oidev opvldmv oopaioraTos

KdXXos KddrjTai Kai tovto

aa

to.

toIs

Spa

eoiKev dvBrjpa Xeipcovi)

C.

vrjvs,

397

Id.

rdpa-ois.

apa

de

TrrepaxTiv

drjXeias tovto dpMarjs eTnTveT6p,evov crvvTpi-

t>]S

(cf-

t!]v

avTcov

vTvoTiOeacriv

'pride,'

its

Ael. V. 32, Plin. X.

TCrepoppvei

o)(eiav.

274. 1527 b, ap. Athen.

plumage and

piKpat

o^euovrai de nepl to eap'

{nTrjvep.ia.

ptera t!]v

t)

p.iKpa) e'XuTTai.

rj

al de TrpcororoKoi puXlo-tci

devdpav Koi cipxerai avdis cnvoXap-^aveiv

^XacTTrjcrei.

cf.

Its

TpiaKovB' fip-epais

e'v

28, &c.).

i.

tIktovcti S' ol Taa> Ka\

Tpecpovres dui to tov "tppeva

(Beiv

rrevTe Kai

P-^v Tvep\

de tov erovs p.6vov TiKrei, riKTei S ali 86)8tKa

TiKTei he fiiaXeiTTcoj/ hvo

(59) 79)

Cfl

Plin. x. (20) 22), yevva de TpieTrjs /xdXtora, iv ois koX rqv

(cf.

a>v,

kol

evdd

01

Kai cro/3epoy eari,

TTapaTidrjai, Kai

6 de tov

raa

to
Kai

Tvpos tovs

Xeipotv elavOe-

arepos' nfCJivTevTai yap avTM Kai ;^pucroj ev toIs mepo'is, kvkX(o de to dXovpyes

TOV xpvo'ov Tvepideei tov

Kai

'iaov

Lucian.

(jiiXoKaXos,

nepidyei Kai e'pnopnevei rw

Ta5)s

TO

TTTepwv

TCI

olKe'tov

uvdt]

kvkXov.

Dom.

/ciiXXei.

TedavpaKe, Kai

peptypeva

11

;^pi;(T&),

el

Arist.
(3.

H. A.

196)

i.

Dion.

De

KaXov

tis avTOV

waTrep

I,

488 b

eiria-rpicfiei

Avib.

i.

opvis (f)dovep6s

yovv eavrov, Kai

28 to KdXXos de 6

oi'opdcreiev,

tlvci Xeip.cbi'a,

fiidvs

tu>v

deUvvaiv dvaa-TTjaas,

TAQI TETAPOZ
TAJil

167

'.continued').

fh kvkXov aira

irepuiyMV

eveKu rrjs copas yiyove, Sui to

iv rjfpioiai raas KaXos

kuWos

quia

sole,

ii.

0pp. Cyneg.

Cf.

(ivrtjs.

maxime

Kara

Si)

Chrysipp. ap. Plut.

Tr']s

ovpctt;

6 racos

IO44
ill.

344

Gemmantes

Plin. X. (20) 22

oIu)pol(ti.

expandit colores adverse

ra

ofi^aaiv'

8i.aT(Tnyfxevoii

XdnTTovaiv uxTTvep dcTTepes avra, k.t.X.

ocraov

laudatus

radiant

sic fulgentius

acervum contrahit pennarum, quos spectari gaudet oculos.

Colum. R. R. ix. 1 1 Semetipsum, veluti mirantem, caudae gemmantibus
pennis protegit, idque cum facit, rotate dicitur, Ovid, Art. Amor. i. 627
Laudatas ostendit aves lunonia pennas Si tacitus spectes, ilia recondit

omnesque

in

opes

cf. id.

24, Lucret.

Phaedr.

De

ii.

Medic. Fac. 33, Met.

806, Stat. Silv.

57, &c.,

iii.

&c.

ii.

xiii.

however,

It is,

much ashamed

Its

harsh cry, Anaxilaus ap. Ath.

(4)

jJn'iTTore 6p\l/(o

opwv

655 a

xiv.

Hor. Sat.

70, Propert.

xiii.

Phile, 208 crvaTeXkerai 8e koX KaTaaira rbv TV(f)ov

437

Cf. also

802.

Mart.

3, 26,

of

its

ii.

2,

24, li

ii.

ugly feet

SutreiSets ex puriScoj^

olfxui^tav

racb?

Eup.

2.

Tvapa Ilepaefpov;] TOLuvde rawv, us tovs evSovTas eyeipei.

Various legends.

charm

which

Uses

as a

How

the peacock swallows

Xivov plC^p,

it

under

carries

excrement,

its

wing, Ael.

its

xi. 18.

we should use

lest

it

in

medicine, Plin. xxix. 38.

peacock enamoured of a maid, Clearch. ap. Athen. xiii. 6o5 c.

Fable. The Crane and the Peacock, Babr. Ixv, cxlii (ed. Rutherford)
"

cru 8'

MS cWeKToip ralade rals KaTaxpvaoLS

Cf. Suid.,

avcn (f)aivy]."

TEAE'AI.

bird-name

TE'TAPOI.

S.

X"M''

7rr,'ji''(70"//,"

(prjaiv,

"old'

Ar. Av. 168 and Schol.

(.?).

Pheasant.

adopted into Old

v. yepavos.

Median word, whence

telravi,

Scl.

tclria,

&c.

Pars, fedyrw,

also

Lith.

teterva,

whence Finn, kiri; adopted further into Sw.

Dan. hiir, and possibly incorporated (Hehn) into Eng.

ieierwas, kliera,
ijdder,

turkey.

Gk.

Cf.

Hind.

Terpal, TCTpdui'.

/////;-/,

a Partridge or Francolin

Etym. Forsch.

Cf. Pott,

Ptolem. Euerg. ap. Athen. xiv. 654 c to

{al. Terpduivas)
KOLi

ovofid^ovaLV.

vofxddns opvidas vrro^aXcov fnoirjae

:

Lat. klrao,

p. Ixxx.

tS)v (paaiavcbv ovs reTdpovs

ov fiovov eK Mrj^eias puTenf^iniTO,

[ouy]

(Spoopn TToXvreXes dnocf)aivovcnv

-re

i.

Tr'Kt]dos,

cf. ibid. IX.

387

coore Koi aiTe'iadai.

^

Also TttTupas, Epaenetus, Artemid. and Pamph. ap. Athen.

6 (pacrinvos opvis Tarvpns KokeiTai

TiTupos,

Tau'raffos

ejbos.

also

s.

alike corrupt

cj.

387 d

TeTopoi' (^ao-tafwi/

and reyyupos, Hesych., are probably

vv. Terpal, reTpa.u)v.

ix.

Hesych., who gives also TtTupas,

Hesych. has further TeTapyi]- c^auyacf.

Theophr. Char. vi. 2.

where word and gloss are

cf.

vSav flBoi,

dWa
to 8e

also akin.

See

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

68

TETPA'AJiN-

opieuv

See Schmidt

rt,

Cf. ibid. TerpdhuaiV dr/Swa.

Hesych.

'AXKotoy,

/oc, and Bjrgk, P. Lyr. Gr.

iii.

192,

p.

154

fr.

(116).

TETPAfON'

opviOapiov n,

TE'TPAE.

Hesych.

AaAccoi^fr,

Cf. TerpdSwi'.

doubtful word, applied to the Guinea-fowl.

Ar. Av. 885, Eust. 1205, 27.

discussion concerning the identity of this bird in Athen.

Mynd.

Alex.

398, c-f.

Kepap.eovi, pv-rrnpa'ts oriy/iaZs

Ta>v

avKoXi^as.

TTpd(ei

de,

epcoStot

Athen. 1. c.
rw raXdpco top rerpaKa.

Terpayes re ['] o-nepfxaToXoyoi.

ela-rjXde tis (pepcop ip

Se TO p,iP p.yedos vnep oXeKTpvupa tup p-eyiuTop, to 8e elSos nop(f)vpiwpt.

TrapaTrXrjcnos' Koi

Tpvopes

(itto

twp

KoXXnia' ^apeia

TCI

Tov oppidos
rjp

fieydXais ypnjxpals ttoiklXos, Kaprrofpdyos,

/cat

tj; (pcovrj.

ravTa XeyovTos avTov,

ap-n 8e
rjp

58}.

[The disputants here seem to suppose

Alexander Myndius referred to some very little bird, tipos
Epicharm., ibid. Terpayas anepfiaroXoyovs re KayXaas
o-juiKpordrcov.]

oTav MOTOKTJ

that

ix. (c.

ibid. Ttrpa^ to p.yedos 'Laos <TivfpixoX6ya>, to xP'^h^t

p.fT

TrapanXfjaia

TToXv

oxj

[ro'is

riys

wanep

cotcop eKUTepcodep el^e Kpefidpepa

S' rjP

rj

(f)U)pr],

SavfiaadpTup ovp

ijpatp

iaKevaa-jxiPos TrapijvexOr], kol

K.a\

aTpovdov,

fiydXi]s^

to.

oi

Kpea avTov

Koi avTijp ttoXXoku

rjV

uXeK-

to evapQis

KUTf-

daiadfieda.

According to Larensius (ap. Athen. 1. c), he had seen the bird and
heard the name in Mysia and Paeonia he probably alluded to some
cf. tetrao7i in Plin. x. (22) 29.
The bird
one of the Grouse family
brought into the banquet was evidently a Guinea-fowl, the descrip:

tion given of the colour, wattles,

in Alex.

refer

Mynd.

to

fjieXeaypis

is

iSic.

the Guinea-fowl, which

by

being characteristic.

not capable of identification

this author.

is

it

also

The account

may

possibly

not mentioned under the

name

Sundevall supposes that Alex. Mynd. alluded

some small bird, perhaps the Whinchat, Pratincola 7-ubeira, L.,

and that the same was identical with rerpi^ and oupd, J. G. Schneider

to

(Anmerk.

z.

tetrax, L.,

d.

Eel. Phys. p. 45) conjectures the Little Bustard, Otis

on whose cry

The name

at breeding-time,

occurs also in Nemesian,

cf.
i.

Bufifon, iv. p. 55.

128, Anthol. Lat. 8S3 (ed.

Riese), in a passage, however, which adds

nothing definite to our

knowledge Tetracem Romae quem nunc vocitare taracem Coeperunt,

avium est multo stultissima namque Cum pedicas necti sibi contemplaverit adstans, Immemor ipse sui tamen in dispendia currit
Hie prope Pentinum radicibus Apennini Nidificat, patulis quae se
sol obiicit agris, Persimilis cineri dorsum, maculosaque terga Inficiunt
pullae cacabantis imagine notae.
:

TE'TPAI.

bird-name, Schol. in Ar. Av. 168.

Probably

= TeVpal.

TETPAAflN
TETPA'ilN, for

Euerg. ap. Athen.

Ptol.

Te'rapos,

TPHPiiN
654

xiv.

69

Hesych.,

bpvis TTOIOS.

In Sueton. Calig.

xxii tetraones

In Plin.

29 tetrao

fowl.

X. (22)

is

numidicae were probably Guineathe Black Grouse, Tetrao tetrix

:

decet tetraonas suus nitor, absolutaque

cocci

The

rubor.
galliis

larger variety mentioned next is the Capercaillie, T. uroalterum eorum genus vulturum magnitudinem excedit, quorum

colorem reddit

et

superciliis

in

nigritia,

nee ulla

ales,

excepto Struthiocamelo, maius corpora

implens pondus, &c.

An

TE'TPIE.

(pvTo'if.

vi. I,

559

h ^^ rerpi^

'^^

ovt

veorreveL

yrjS

rrjs

fTTt

unidentified bird.

H. A.

Arist.

few lines before

it

rjv

KiiKovaiv 'Adr^valoi ovpaya, ovt

aX\ iiri rots x^pai^tjXois

mentioned with the lark as nesting
SevSpeaiv,

fVt Totf
is

on the ground.
Only these two conflicting references occur. Belon took xeVpil for
the Black Grouse, Camus and Buffon for the Capercaillie, neither of
which occur in Attica. Sundevall identifies it with the Whinchat,
vide s.v. TCTpal.

TITI'I.

small bird. Phot.

TO'PrOZ.

Hesych.

ropyos'

yvnos

eldos

a'iixaTopp6(f)ov.

Cf. ibid. 'nSpyioi"' bpos iv liKcXia,

^LKeXtaiTais.

eari

Kai

fie

irnpa

yiiyjr

onov veoTTevovcriv

01

yvmi.

Kol aiiToi ropyoi,

oi'

acf)

(Cf. titICco.)

Vulture.

Callim.
(poivif)is

204.

fr.

defias

Frequent
86

ib.

apnayfia, UeCppalns

in

Xeuccrco

kvvos

rjV
\

Lycophron. Cass. 1080 Topyoiaiv alwprjpa

deovra ypvvov enrepaipfvov

Topyoi

vypocpoiTos

ubl Schol. rdpyoj Sf Kvplais 6

crrpo^iXov uiarpaKuifievrjv'

KVKVov Xeyei, bv pipTjcrdpepos 6 Zevs (Tvveplyr]

(j)aacrn

(Sjot'o)?

npbs Topyov Xe^os

rrj

rprjpcovos

eKXo^^eveTat

Afjdu

yapyJAcuaiv apnais

yvyp-,

ibid.

els

KeXv<papov
vvv 8e top

357

Trjpos

olvas iXKvcrdi](rop.ai,

where the Scholiast

(as

is

The word

Egyptian word, and

is at

least

TOY'TIZ*

more

the

not

see also

s.

oluds

by

clinreXos,

or

Trepia-Tepd,

!).

take

it

(in spite of

Hesychius) to be an

be connected with the root of opxiXos

v. Tpi6pxT]S.

The name

Topyiov, cited

(q. v.)

and

by Hesychius,

be derived from ropyos, than the latter from

Hesych.

it.

very doubtful word.

Pigeon or Dove.

possibility

merely an

Tre'Xeia.

atri

to

likely to

6 Koa-avcpos,

TPH'PflN.

On

by

ropyos comes to us through Alexandrine writers (late-

brasque Lycophronis

TpoxiXos

doubt whether to translate

is in

of course correct)

of

rpTipwi'

epithet

being a

derived

from

true
rpea,

pigeon-name,
vide

supra,

and
s. v.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

17
TPHPI2N

[^contilined).

Moero, ap. Athen. xi. 491 B of the doves that fed the Infant Jupiter
in the Cretan cave, tov /xev apa Tprjijooves vtto ^odea Tpi<^ov ciirpco
dfi^pocriTju cf)opovcrai an uKeavolo poucov.
I

Lyc. 87 (vide

xopyos)

s. v.

0pp. Cyn.

Xe'xoi.

i.

(fyiXoTTjTa 6oa\ Tpf]pa>ves 'toooi

385

i.

Hence

ei'iipi

Thisbe,

502, 582

sona Thisbe.

6V'

els
:

v66ov rprjpwvos
ibid.

rjvvda-BT]

352 VT yap is

i.

Ka\ rprjpoves fnidvovai ne\fiais.

TtoKvTpripcov,

II. ii.

423

piyvvpei/ai (TTop.aT(T(Ti ^apv(j)66yyois aXoxoLai.

ibid.

ibid.

73 Tpt]p(ovas eXov dovnKrjes

There

an epithet of Laconian Messe, and Boeotian

cf. Stat. Theb. vii. 261 Dionaeis avibus circum-

is

a curious apparent coincidence between the

association with doves of the town

Thisbe

in

the story of

Thisbe, and the connexion of

Pyramus and Thisbe (Ovid, Met. iv) with

Babylon, urbs Semiramidis

on the dove-myth of Semiramis, vide

s.

v.

TrepiCTTepd.

TPI KKOI'

opviBapiov o

SpiKrjai,

&c.

TPIO'PXHZ.

INISS.

Simon. Iambi.
also

s.

v.

/cat

^aaiXei/s vtto 'HX(lcov,

Hesjxh.

Cf. BpiKKtti,

also possibly, Tptx^s.

have also rptopxis

irupiopxis in

8.

Ar. Av.

in

rpiopxis

Cram. An. Or. Oxon.

ii.

1206,

457.

See

PcXXouVtjs.

A Buzzard

(?),

Bu/eo vulgaris, auctt.

INIod.

Gk.

^apfiaKtva.

Ar. Av. 1181, 1206; also in Ar. Vesp. 1532, where the Buzzards are
called the children of Poseidon.
Arist.

H. A.

viii. 3,

Kai (paiveToi ovtos

Ibid.

I,

609

8ia

Tpiopxrjs

Tpiopxrjs nvTovs.

Ael.

592 b ean 8e
navTos.
Ka\

xii.

CJ)pvvos
;

6 TpiopxrjS to

lb. ix. 36,

Ka\

620

6(j)is

numero

ra>p

Ikt'ivos.

lepdncov.

KareadUt yap 6

noKipici'

sacred to Artemis.

Plin. X. (8) 9 Triorchem a

147
appellant Romani.

peyedos ooov

KpiiTiaros

Mentioned

also, Lyc.

Buteonem hunc

testium.

Tradition interprets rpwpxrjs as the Buzzard, with which the description given agrees save for the important epithet KpuTiaTos.

e.g.Thuanus,

DeRe Accip.,1612, pp.

The mediaeval
found

name

(!)
:

Some

writers,

22,100, repudiate the identification.

anatomists, Aldrovandi,

Gesner, &c., sought and

the abnormality from which the bird apparently derives

but the derivation

is

corrupted by Volksetymologlc.

probably quite
Is

it

false,

possible that

its

its

and the word

origin lies hid

under the name rdpyos, (q. v.) ?

According to Nicander, ap. Anton. Lib. c. xiv, INIunychus was metamorphosed into the bird rpiopx^^i and his son Alcander into opxiXos,
other two sons becoming lxvevpu)v and kvu>v, both of which are here
spoken of as birds. There is, to my mind, an Egyptian look about
the whole story.

TPHPfllN TPOXIAOI

The Song-Thrush,

TPIXA'I.

171

Mod. Gk.

Turdiis miisicus, L.

r^/yXa,

H. A. ix. 20, 617 KixKoiv eiSos' o^v (^deyyeraC to Be /ifyedos o(tov

KOTTvcpos.
Vide s. v. k^x^I'
This word (ana^ Xeyofifvov) was translated by Gaza pi'/aris (quasi a
Bpi^), whence our modern name Turdtis pilan's, L., the Fieldfare.
The word survives in Mod. Gk. as raix^n, r^iyXa, T^//;^Xa, and is posArist.

same

sibly the

the

same

as rpiKKOs, q. v.

as our thrush.

it

a parallel form to kixMj and is

s-tmzd-as (Nessl. p. 506), Russ.

is

[Cf. Lith.

drosd', Icel. ti-ast, L. turdus, &c.]

TPOXI'AOI,

have rpoxiXo^

(INIost INISS.

TpoxiXos, a.

i-.

for other forms,

Lob. Par. 115.) Derived, in my opinion, from the root of

opxiXos (q. v.), and not connected with rpe^'^V.

The "Wren,

IMod. Gk.

Troglodytes europaeiis, L.

Ko\vfjidpi, rpviro-

Kapvba (Erhard, Bik^Ias).

H. A.

Arist.

npeaj3vs koi
TToXp.'iv:

405 C

ii.

jSaaiXevs
ibid. ix.

cf.

The king

id.

Plin.

(cf.

1,609

ciXX' 7]fX(is e'pcoStotj

of

all birds,'

TPOXl'AOZ,

N. and O.

KoXetrai 8e koi

a^Tov avTco

Mentioned as an pracular

b.

On

(jiaal

bird, Plut.

superstitions connected with the

Wren,

Customs, 1876, p. 497

Croker, Researches in S. Ireland,

p.

67;

(6j, xi. p.

297, 1885, Sec, &c.

p.

The Egyptian Plover

aegyptiaais

Hilaire,

or

Ziezac, Pluvianus aegypiius

= Hyas

Also called

/cXaSnpd-

Charadriiis melanocephalus.

This

pvyxo%.
St.

aal tov

37), 616

viii.

BvaaXoDTOs 8e Ka\

Koi Tex^i-Kos'

&c.. Dyer, Brit, Pop.

Engl. Folk-lore, 1880,

1824, p. 233

be

olopeda Kni rpo;^t'Xoi? Kai Kopa^i XPW^'^'- 4>^^y-

top 6e6v.

yojj.evois arjfiuivovTa
'

\6xfias Ka\ TpiayXa^ oIk1'

615

ix. 11,

to rjdos dadevrjs, fv^loTos

Kai

BpaTreTr]s

due in the

identification,

is

generally accepted

states that the true

'

Crocodile-bird

instance to Geoffroy

a recent

'

first

is

however,

writer,

a somewhat larger species,

the spur-winged Plover, Hoploptenis spinosus (Ibis, 1893, p. 277).

Herod,
Arist.

H. A.

elaneTOfxevoi.

6 Tpo;(i'Xoy eabufcou es TO (TTOfia [tov KpoKodeiXov] KaTanivei

68

ii.

Tas jS^eXXas"

II, viii.

Athen.

Plut.

De

Mentioned among
x.

332

e.

In Dion.

opveov TpoxiXos,

p.ev

Kai

ov8ev criveTai tov TpoxiXov.

;;^acrKoj/T6)'

xxii. 15, 19;

Sol.

Anim.

ot

TpoxiXoi Kadaipovaiv

Xapi^avovcTiv,

Tpocprjv

Antig. Car.

ii.

98od;

k. t.

c.

Phile,

X.

Cf.

33; Ael.

De

An.

toIs opvidas tovs napevSiaa-Tas KaXov-

De

Avib.

ii.

3,

the

name

is

apparently

Mentioned also Ar. Av. 79 (fcrrt 8e koi

KM XtyeTM elvai 8pip.Vf Schol., Suid.), Ach. 876, Pax,

applied to various sandpipers.

1004, &c.

rjdeTai,

831a; Ammian,

25, xii. 15

Pr. 97 (82).
fievovs,

cocfieXevpevos

612 tmv KpoKodeiXoov

tovs obovTUS kul avTol

Arist. Mirab. 7,
iii.

8e

ix. 6,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

172

TPOXIAOI

{contittued).

Pliny confuses

Parva avis quae trochilos ibi

H. N. viii. (25) yj.
Qi. G. St. Hilaire, Descr. de I'Egypte, (2) xxiv. p. 440, Mem. du Mus.
XV. p. 466
Curzon, Monast. of the Levant, c. xii
Brehm, Thierleben,
Vdgel, iii. p. 216 (2nd edit.) Newton, Diet, of Birds, pp. 442, 733, &c.
with the foregoing:

it

avium

vocatur, rex

in ItaHa,

In some INISS. and editions (Aid. Schn. &c.) for 7n;ypyoj,

TPY'rrAI.

H. A.

Arist.

TPYPft'N.
cf.

Cf.

Eust.

593

viii. 3,

Heb.

Hom.

"iin,

b.

On

L. tur-tiir.

the derivation from rpiCuv,

311), p. 751, Od. pp. 229, 1951

II. (xi.

Schol. ad

Theocr.

Id.

vii.

140, &c.;

vocatur.

am

inclined to think that rpvya^v cannot be direcdy

Orig.

Isid.

cf.

12, 17 turtur

de voce

derived from rpv^eiv, but that the verb was applied to the dove's

note from mere coincidence of sound

of rpuywi/

is

probably foreign,

and further

like that of olva<i.

that the root

See also

s. v.

Tpi]pwC.

A Turtle-dove, Columba turhir,

(Von der

Mod. Gk.

L.

rpiywvi (Heldr.), Tpiyow

M.), rpvymviov (Erh.), 8eKOKTovpa, Bikelas (from the cry).

Mentioned Ar. Av. 302, 979, &c.

Description.
cf.

Athen.

and with

ix.

Arist.

394 A.

;)^\copeus,

TO xP^H-" Tfcppw,

Kapnocpayel
yap.

/cat

ib.

H. A. v.
Compared

Trorjcfiaye'i'

Cf. ibid. 12, 597

in size with KeXeos,

Arist.

22, 617.

ix.

Eust.

cf.

544 b rmv nepiaTepoeibayv iXaxlari]:

H. A. viii. 3, 593,

13,

Hom. Od.

fr.

(fxnverai rov 6epovs,

b dyeXu^ovTai

271, 1527, ap. Athen.

Arist.

p. 171 2.

;^;eiyn<ii'09

H. A.

I.e.,

viii. 3,

d(f>avl(eTai'

593

(pcoXei

nl re (pdrrai Kol al rpvyoves, orav

S'

irphs rrjv dvaKopiibrfv

See also
koi Tpvywv' Kal
ye rpvycov opoXoyov599 h (f>u>Xl yap
pevos paXiara tvuvtchv.
ovdel^ yap as etTreiv Xeyerai Tpvyova ISe'iv ov8apov

T TvapayivoiVTai
ibid.

ttoKiv

16,

XeipMPos,
V

kol

orav a>pa
.

r)

17

(ipxerai Se rrjs (^wXei'as (T(j)68pa irietpa oiiaa, Kal Trrepoppvel pev

TTJ (pooXeiq, 7ra)(^'La

pevroi StnreXeZ ovrra.

Cf. Plin. X. (24) 35 verius turtur occultatur,

its

migration, see also Varro,

De

R. R.

iii.

pennasque

5, 7, <S:c.

amittit.

On

H. A.

ix. 7,

Arist.

613 oiiK avuKvivTovai Tvivoxxjai, iav pf] iKavov niaxriv (cf. Alex. Mynd. ap.
Athen. ix. 394 E, Plin. x. (34) 52)
C^ai nal okto) errj (Plin. 1. c), at
TervcpXcopevai vtto tcov naXevrpias Tpecpovrcov avrds
on their capture by
decoys, see also Dion. De Avib. iii. 4, 16.
;

The voice
Xovaai
cf.

of the Turtle. Theocr. Id. xv. 88

Tpvyoves

cf.

also Pollux, V. 14

Suid.

a(rr]pa>s

Virg. Eel.
eiTTOLs

i.

On

59.

of a talker, rpvyouos XaXtVrepo?,

'

bva-ravoi, dvdvvra kcoWX-

av rpvyuvas rpv^eiv, nepicTTepas yoyyv^etp

(pdeyyerai koI yoyyv(7TLKa>i

which passage a

the verb rpv^nv, vide supra

rpvyu^eiv,

Menand.

double entendre

'

is

A. B. I452.

YIXok. 13, ap. Ael. xii.

Hence,
10, in

expatiated on by Aelian, Suidas,


TPOXIAOI TPYrQN
TPYriiN

^73

{continued).

Demetr. Sic, ap. Ael. I. c, Arist. H. A. ix. 49 B, 633 b,

&c. cf. also TpvKil^iiv, of a quail, Poll. 5. 89.
Reproduction, Nesting, &c. Arist. H. A. vi. I, 558 b StroKet (i.e. lays
two eggs). Ibid. 4) 562 b t[ktov(ti rpvyoyv Koi (fydrTa fv ra eapi, oi TrXeo&c.

see also

vaKis

yap

8'

aX\ i^ayerai ovSenoTe 8voiu

nrepovvrai

De

Pr. xxii, &C.) Kal

veorrevovai 8e Kal at

The Cuckoo

On White

I,

Kal

(jidrra,

chastity, see also Ael.

its

An.

Kal

dfx^orepoi Kal

dXX

De

nest, Arist.

its

Mirab.

830

3,

Fates and the Furies, Ael.

to the

Turtle-doves were brought as

How the

25.

De

609, Phile,

Turtle-dove

An. Pr. 690

TTvppn, Ael. iv. 5, Phile,

and

685

c.

1.

friendly to Korrvcpos, Arist.

Ael. v. 48,

r)

Avib.,

apprjv
ro'is

Kal

euros,

b.

Turtle-doves, which are sacred not only to Aphrodite

Demeter, but also

xiii.

De
6

koi al rpvydves ev rols avrols ronois del.

(f)dj3fS

builds in

e)(ei

Trpoalevrai.

44, x. ^^^ Dion.

iii.

sVcpa^ouo-tZ'

613

lb. ix. y,

(iXXnv ov

8iayvaivai 8 ov pa8t.ov rrjv dlfXeiav Kal rov appeva,

drjXeia.

How

eyuva Se yiveTni 8(Ka Koi Terra-

KaraXapi^dveadni.

pq8iais

ptt)

Tpvyu>v rov avrov

77

(Concerning
Phile,

axrre

ovrcos

8e ruv appeva

oxfvecrdai, Koi yevvav Kal TpijjiTjva oura,

(f)a(Tiv

fVwa^ei ciXXas roaavras' ev erepais 8e 8eKa Kal rerrapari

pas rjpepns, Koi

Ael.

8ia(})6apf]'

TiKTfi p.(v ovv, tocnrep f'lprjrai

7r\ela> veorroip, fpiore 8' V fiovov'

noXvTvXrjdetav avrav.

(TTjiielov TTOiov/xevoi ti)v

to

opvldutv.

vTToXeiwofievov tS)V coS)V del ovpiov icrriv (cf. Plin. x. 58 (79)), ras 8e

(pdrras Koi ras rpvyovas evioi

fj

twv

8ia(p6eipov(Tiv avra

Koi rpia nore'

TO

to tevrepa, orav ra nptWepov yevvrjdevTa

TiKTei 8e

St?.

rj

TToXXai

to the

tribute

slain

by

Indian king,

x^'^P^vs, Arist.

hostile to TrvpaXXis, Arist.

is
;

is

to Kopa^

H. A.ix. 1,610

and

(cf.

1.

H. A.
and

c,

to KipKos, Ael. vi. 45

Plin. x. (76)

to the Parrot, Plin. x. (76) 96,

cf.

and

x. 33.

ix.

to
is

96 to rrepicrrepd,
Ovid, Heroid. xv. 38
;

amatur ave id. Amor. ii. 6, 12 tu tamen ante

Plena fuit vobis omni concordia vita, &c.
alias, turtur amice, dole.
These last references probably allude to the practice of keeping Turtlea

et niger

viridi turtur

doves together with Parrots

see Varro,

iii.

Columella

8,

a delicacy, Juven.
seed, Ael.

Ael.

i.

that

is

46, Phile,

1.

Martial,
c.

657,

35, Phile, I.e. 727.

said to issue

They
Dion.

vi.

vi. 39,

De

Avib.

iii.

12

Geopon.

xiii.

and uses the

Mentioned as
by pomegranate
of the Iris as a charm,

fruit

pastinaca)

Proverbs.

or with bird-lime, ibid.

ylrdXXeiv

i.

39, Phile,

S.

V. rpvyovas' Kal Ttapoifxia

ibid.

S.

V.

TTovrjpd'

poxd'jpios Kal eTnirdvas ^lovrodv, Kal

yj^dXXfi.

De An.

rpvydvos XaXiarepos, vide SUpra.

Suid.

TTparrovrccv

Ael.

Cf. also

Hesych.

Plin. x. (16) 18.

of decoys, at their drinking-places,

2.

of their being beguiled by dancing and music

to rpvy<iiv

&c.

Is killed

from the ^gg, Hylas ap.

by the aid
;

&c.

53,

Turtle-doves in captivity,

xiv. 24,

Possibly identical with the trigon or trygon

tail first

are captured

On

in aviaries.

viii. 9,

TTOVTjpa

yap

fj

An

incredible story

(sometimes referred

Pr. 22 (21), 464.

rpvyova

s.

Kara rpvyova

rpvyova y\rdXXeiv enl rav (^avXcos

Kara rpvyova

yj/aXXeis'

eVi ru>v

rpvyuiv e7Tei8av neivd rdre p.dXiarra

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

174

TPflrAl'THX.

De

Phile

small bird, probably identical with tpwyXoSu'ttjs.

An. Pr. 691 aerov

Hdn. Epim.

TpcoyXiTrj?.

The Wren,

TPiifAOAY'THZ.

Med.

Philagr.
6I0V

ap. Aet.

(TfiLKporaTov

e(TT\

Se

136, 181

toj'

yityav

Schn. in Arist.

(cit.

fjLfToiTrcp

nrepcov' fvpeyedecrrepop 8

noWa,

AaXiarepos 8

'^picp.ari,

oTri(r6ei>

yjrapuiTepoi iv

TTOUtTat,

"iKpa

TY'l'TfA" opviBdpiov
r

lijyya

a<pdovoi' olpni to yivoi

x^ip-cova (paLvopevov.

Hesych.

Ti,

Bourdelot, ad

cj.

XfVKw KnT((Triyiuvi]v

^pax^i-ns 8e ra? TTTepvcreis

TVTepvyoi,

a^iav davjjLaafiov,

e)(ei (pvaiKijV

avTuv TTciVTaxov Kara rov

piKpco 6 rpcoyXoSvTrji tov ^arriKlcr-

iazLV ovtos rod ^aaiKlcTKov, kuL tis ore

t?]S

Trepiypacf);]

hvvapiv

Kcjt

e'crrt

rov ^acriXitrKov

avfv t5)V Xpvai^ovTuiv

ovpciv fyfyfppei'Tjv e^^^' ^^h

ti)v

tov 8/,

vol. iv. p. 85) crTpov-

opvicav irXrjv

aTravTccv tccv

(T^'eSoj/

Kov Kn\ peXdfTepos, Ka\

Se'SotKe*

Troglodytes enropaeus, L.

xi. 11

KoXovpepov' napeoiKe 8e tS jiaaikicTKa Kara

iv

nlyvmoi

Eust. 228, 35.

Heliod, p. 57, sed sine causa fortasse

(M. Schmidt, ad Hesych.).

TY'AAI, for iXXag,
ii.

65

H. A.

609

ix. I,

Crow

fact that the

gives

kind of Thrush, Alex. INIynd. ap. Athen.

An unknown

TY'riANOI.
Arist.

q. v.

a.

some ground

bird.

dnoKTelvei

Kopdovr]

f]

supposing that rvnavos

for

The

tov KaXovpevov Tvunvov.

also said to be hostile to opxiXos

is

and

to TvpeaiSvs,

here a misreading for

is

Tvpavvos,

The Gold-crested Wren, Reguhis

TY'PANNOI.

(Both species occur

capillus.

Lindermayer,
roitelet.

TYTn'-

viii. 3,

'e\<xiv,

yXav^,

17

Cf. Plant.

s.

592 b t6 peyedos piKpM pei^av oKp/Soj, eori de

H. A.

iv.

Cf.

tibi.?

Vim

90

2,

afiferri

Probably the Eagle-Owl, S/r/x

word

v'^pii is

12,

ix.

8e vvKTas 6r]pev(i

615 b

wanep

TLKTei

Hesych.

17

S' vjBpis, t^acri

01 cUto'l

pev ovv 8vo

vfipis'

p.

hiiho;

/////^

in.

cf. jS^wiy

(for

perhaps a corrupt form.

oi)

[cj.

Se Tives eivai tov avTov tovtov

(jiaiveTai

Sia to

Sundevall,

wfi,

veoTTevfi 8e

opveov vvKrepivo}-.

pi]

ol (Ltol],

TTpbs TOV deTov ovTOi a(p68pn uxtt ap({)co Xap,^ava6ai

(Tnr]Xnioi9.

Fr.

cpoivi-

noctuam, quae

O. Keller, Lat. Etym., 1893,

opvida ra TTTvyyi, ovros tjpepns pev

Tcov vopiwv.

igni-

regulus,

Lat.

iBaaiXia-Koi,

and

der Miihle, p. 68,

Hesych.

u'Ppis.

Puas), of which
Arist.

cristains

Von

Koi llXXuis fv\api to opvldiov kcu evpv&pov.

Menaechm.

usque dicat
'YBPI'I,

Greece,

Germ. Zaunkonig, &c.

H. A.

Arist.

Kovv X6(f)nv

Gk.

Cf.

96.)

p.

in

^Xeneiv o^v,

Tcis

koi paxovTai 8e

noXXaKts ^aivras ino

Ka\ ovros iv nerpais koi

TPiirAITHI t>ABOTYnOI
'YriAi'ETOZ (^mak yvnaUros); also

An

H. A.

Arist.

yap

ix.

for

618 b

32,

fan

(Boios ap. Anton. Lib.).

irtpKvoTrrepos'

20

C.

KXftnf

'YnOAEAIQ'Z.

ov

Kni

vy\naUTOi'

p.iv

;^aXe7rdj/*

6 p(v

deros /xeXai/repo? Kal

Schneider

in Arist. I.e.

Libyan bird-name, Ar. Av. 65.

commonly taken as a Comic derivative of vTroSet'Sw

The five bird-names beginning with the syllable
obscure, and what little is said about them is replete with

The word

is

(cf.

Soph. Aj. 169).

VTT-

are

all

this perplexing passage, see

S'

5'

epepvos, peyns re Kni aXKipos, 6

On

eXdaa-aiu eKeifov.

KoXelrai

upf'irreXapyos

koI iyivero

8evT(pos opvlOuiv pera tov uutov, 8LayvS>pai

ecTTi v((Bpo(puvos

signs of foreign influence.

cases does

iino-

mean

An unknown

'ynoeVMl'l.

(MSS. have

An indeterminate
The Cuckoo

am pretty certain that in none of these

and for my own part I suspect it to be
and probably Egyptian, word or prefix.
I

snd,

a corruption of a foreign,

'YnOAAl'I.

u\|/i.aieTos,

75

an Eagle or Vulture.

Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

vTTaleTos.

ovTos

name

obscure

Ar. Av. 302.

bird.

also uiroXwis, uiroXXis, oiroXis*

lays her eggs in

(iTTokyiis,

Hesych.)

Perhaps the Wheatear, Saxicola

small bird.

which

sp.

on the ground, Arist.

H. A. viii. 7, 564, ix. 29, 618, Antig. H. Mir. 100 (109), Theophr. De
Caus. PI. ii. 17, 9. Also in some editions for iniXai^, H. A. vi. 3, 592 b.
Sundevall suggests the Wheatear, which makes its nest under a stone,
from a supposed connection with Xdm and the conjecture is supported
to some extent by the circumstance that the Cuckoo is known sometimes to use the Wheatear's nest in Greece (Kriiper, p. 184); but the
derivation is very doubtful.
The Orphean Warbler is the bird in whose
nest the Cuckoo in Greece usually lays its egg, and further the statements in Aristotle as to the birds in whose nest the Cuckoo lays are
its nest,

is

very untrustworthy.

'YnOTPIO'PXHI.
Arist.

H. A.

TrXaTi'Trrepoi]

kind of

ix.

36,

Hawk.

620

oi

8e liXarvTepoi

[Schn. and others read

UpnKes VTT0Tpi6p)(aL KaXovprai.

There

is nothing by which to identify the name, which indeed seems

be to some extent generic.
The name subbuteo is traditionally
applied to the Hobby, which \{ -aXaJvimpoi means broad-winged, is, as

to

Sundevall remarks, excluded by the epithet.

ABOTY'noi,
((xjcos,

Arist.

.r.

(J)a|3oKT6>'09,

Hesych.

kind of Havs^k.

Cf. ^0.000-

q. v.

H. A.

viii.

3)

59- b

6'

re (pa^urvnos

ouToi TO pfyedos ttuXv dXX>';Xa)c.

koi

<nn^uti'

8ia(j)('povcn

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

176

AAAKPOKO'PAE.
of its name

Cormorant.

the

commonly

bird,

See also

68 lam

s.

Kopa^,

v.

on

identified,

with the Coot

(cf. <j)aXapis),

strength

the

according to others,

|3.

Hispaniaque capitur [attagen], et

per Alpes etiam, ubi et phalacrocoraces, aves Balearium insularum
peculiares.
Cf. ib. xi. 47 quaedam animalium naturaliter calvent,
Plin. X. (48)

sicut

AAAPl'l,

corvi aquatici, quibus

beak

Germ.

'

of a helmet

Blesshithn,

the Engl, bald-coot

The Coot

8e

17

est inde.

white spot or

Buttm. Lexil.

blaze,

'

blaze

s. v.

'

^oKo^

analogous.)

is

Mod. Gk.

Fulica atra, L.

(.''),

(pnkapoi, a

from Bletz :=

Ar. Ach. 875, Av, 565

(ubi Schol.

apud Graecos nomen

(iMSS. have also cfiapaXU.)

s. (^aKr]pis.

{(paXos, the
cf.

et in Gallia

^K(^pohirri

rju

(jia\T]p\s

(f)aXapi8a (Heldr.).

nvpovs

Svrj,

lipviOi

oppeov eVri \ipvaiov evTrpcrrfs).

0aX;;pi'St

Arist.

dveiv

H. A.

593 h opi/ts aTeyavorrovs, ^apvrepoi' nep\ noTapovs Koi Xipvas farlv.

(Mentioned with kukvos, vrJTra, KoXvp^is.) Id. fr. 273, 1527 b dWdrTeadai
as TU)V KO(Tav(f)a)v Koi (fiaXrjpidcov aTtokevKaivopevuiv Kara Kaipovs.
viii. 3)

Alex.

Mynd.

TO pvyx^os

p.e\avTepa to
fivpias.

ap. Athen.

Its

vaiTou.

mode

Phalerides in

of capture, Dion.

viii. 15, i

identification

Se c})a\ap\s koi airfj a-revov ex^ovaa

ovaa,

Cleom. ap. Athen.

rests

Sundevall and Aubert and

is

r;

oy^LV

Seleucia Parthorum

tissimae; Colum.

The

395 e

ix.

crrpoyyvXciirepa tijp

De
et

evrecfjpns

rfjv

yaarepa,

piKpw

393 ^ (f)aX)]pi8as Tapixipas

Avib. iii. 23. Plin. x. (48) 57
ix.

in

Varro, R. R.

Asia,

iii.

aquaticarum lauda-

li, 4.

mainly on the modern name, of which

to have been unaware, and

Wimmer seem

supported by the derivation of the word.

Sundevall suggests Me7-gus

and Aubert and Wimmer also suppose a species of Afergiis.

Gesner, Camus, and other older commentators agree in the identification of Coot. At best the identification is doubtful, and the various
references perhaps refer to more birds than one. The allusion in
Athenaeus to ten thousand salted (paXr]pi8as is especially puzzling. The
connexion with Aphrodite in Ar. Av. 565, where we might rather
have expected some such word as TcepiaTepa, is not explained.
albellus,

4>AIIAN0'l,

s.

(j)aCTiai/iKos

SC. opt'is.

Pheasant, Phasi'afuis

Mnesim.

ap.

Athen.

colchicus, L.

ix.

387 b

Vide also

a-ivavioiTepov

s. v.

jrdpecrriv

Tcrapos.
opvidoiv

ydXa
\

Koi cfjaainvos dnoTeTiXpevos koXus.

Ar. Av. 69
Nub. 109 (sometimes supposed to refer, in the latter
passage, to a Phasian horse, cf. Suidas, Lob. Phiyn. 460, but not so
;

according to Athen.

ix. 387 a).

Agatharch. ap. Athen. ix. 387 C

Trep\

tov ^ua-i8ns iroTapov t6v Xuyov

noLovpevos ypdcpei Ka\ Tavra' " 7rXt]dos S opviBcov tuiv KaXovpivuiv (^acriavHiv

t>AAAKPOKOPA= 1>AIIA

All AN 01

{continued).

Tpo<pr]s

(f)oiTa

Merc. Cond.

TT/jof

X'''P^^

MrjSelas

TrXrjSos,

Tov

dWa

fjHTeTreixTreTo,

axne

Koi

j3acnXea>s

Xapn-poTi'iTov

Tovs opvidas.
Ta)V

Arist.

fr.

i(j)epopTo

eV

387 e)

(cf. ix.

ov dvyKarfSofiai

V. 31,

avrrj

557

pi)

fciv

dvaKfip.fvop
fr.

179),

TTore

ei^e

Tovaoe

ap.

Athen.

dXXa noXXa

tcou dppa'av,

vTrepoxrj

17

opvidos

(fyaaiaviKoii

ri KeiprjXiov

dyopap TTopevBfls oDpfjaopai

C. ets rfjv

1.

(fyaaiaviKov,

dW

H. A. ix. 49 B, 633 opvts ov TTTr]TiK6s

fr., and Theophr. fr. ap. Athen. ix. 387

Arist.

(tol.

ov8e

69

1574 a (Theophr,

589,

iniyeios, kovkttikos (cf. Arist.

H. A.

(noirjae

vnojSaXcov

opvidns

j/o/id5as

(poivij,

Kara Xoyov

ov

(pacriavuii'

Ulp. ap. Athen.

p.ei^a)v.

is

654 c

cnTfladai' to yap jSpw/xa TToXvTeXes aTro(paLVOvcrLi>.

K.n\

yfvaaadai apoXoyrjaev, dXX* Sxrnfp

vi-

xiv.

tcop 0uo"iai'Mi', ovs Terapovs [j. Terpowi'tis] ovofxci^ovcrip, [ous] ov fxovou

ra re

I.e.

(describing

I.e.

Alexandria) elra

at

Ptolem. ap. Athen.

Cf.

De

Lucian,

cf.

Rhod. ap. Athen.

Callix.

Ptolemy Philad.

the procession of

T]

ras fK^oXas tcov CTTOfjiiToyv"

Navig. 23.

17,

dyyeioif (jiaaiavol k.t.X.

(K

177

KuviWPTai, 8ia(f)6eipoPTai vno tcou (pdeipcov.

559 KaTecTTiypeva Ta wa t5)u peXeaypiScov

repeated by Buffon, Hist. Ois. iv. 78).
2,

Kai (^aaiavCov (this

b).
lb.

error

On Pheasants reared by the Indian kings, Ael. xiii. 18. On the

breeding and rearing of Pheasants, see Pallad. R. R. i. 29, Colum.
viii. 8, 10.

For Latin references

Scythicae volucres
Manil. Astron.

to the

Mart.

376
Saturnalibus
v.

xiii.

Cal. 22

Suet.

Pheasant as a dainty, cf Juv.

45, 72, &c.

Stat. Silv.

4,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37

vi.

militis

A'lIA,

fortuito

et

vili

exquisitum

illud

et

cibo

contentus

accuratum opipare

Ambr.

convivium,

turturis species apponitur.

quo phasiani aut

AIKA'I.

munificis

inferri,

Hexaem.
in

lovis

Pert. 12

et

27

Capitol.
et huiusmodi festis diebus phasianus
phasianum nunquam private convivio comedit aut ahcui misit
xvi. 5, 3 phasianum et vulvam et sumen exigi vetuit (lulianus)

epulo et

Amm.

139

xi.

ii.

6, 77,

i.

Alex. INIynd. ap. Athen.

ix.

395 D.

Vide

s.v. |3acrKds.

Att. 4)dTTa.

Ringdove or Woodpigeon, Colnmha

^daa

L. pahimhiis

times applied
<J)dTTioi',

Ar. PI.

masc. form

s.

also
1

to

01

of the interchange of

interchange of

Anz. XXV.
In Homer,

p.

o-,

139,

tt,

(T(t

and

(^daaa,

q. v.

v.

infra.

334 (Mein.).

3,

tt,

(pd\f/,

7.

Used

An

SomeDim.
artificial

as an illustration

Luc. Jud. Voc. 8. [On the

cf. J. Schmidt, Philol.

(f)d^os,

88 1.]

only in the

in Aristophanes.

Ephipp.

Luc. Soloec.

IMod. Gk.

<}>di|/,

Domestic Pigeon,

the

1,

^.cittos in

paJtanhus, L.

Identical with

palimbes.

compound

^ao-o-o^dws

otherwise,

first

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

178

A2IA

{continued)..

Arist.

Description.
T]

fan

(pdrra

XP^I^^ ^f

f'xei,

o-TToStoj/.'

vnoKviiveav

(f)u(Taa

H. A.

271,

cf. fr.

ex^'^

v.

544b

13,

arpoyyvXav

oCJidaXpcov XevKoiv uvtcov to ev avTols fieXav

ix.

613

7)

ivTos,

8'

8inyva)piH
8'

^axTL

Ka\ TpiaKovTii

ai

ov pudiov

6i]Xeiav

Tt]v

noXvp XP^^^"'

(f)a.TTai

i>p.p.evai

iieyiarov [tmv jrepiaTepoeihcov]

527 (ap. Athen. ix. 394 a) aXfKTopos to nfyedos

Alex. Mynd. ap. Schol. Theocr. Id. v. 96 17 p.iv
KecpaXrjv /cat paXXof ye ffinopcfyvpoi', rav he
'''H"
1

'''"

^i-ko(tiv

J^P

8e Koi reTTapaKOVTa

elaiu, eiaat

H. A.

Arist.

ex^i-

tov uppgfa, dXX'

kcll

to'is

rj

Koi TrevTe

Tr]

irpea^vTepcdv

eTij.

de yivopevodv avTa>i> 01 ovvx^^ av^avovTai'

aX\

(hence <pdTT(n here are tame pigeons).

ciXXo S' ovhev ^XdirTovrm enibrj-

yr]pdaKov(Tai

Xcos

length of

H. A.

ii.

with this

life, cf. ib. vi. 4,

somewhat

563, Athen.

ix.

anorepvovo'tv oi Tpe^ovres

b, Plin.

508 b TTpoXodov npo TrjS KmXias exovcri.

;(t/Ltd^ou(ji [the contrary stated, viii.

17,

aTTalpovai, Kai ov

brav re TrapnyivoiVTai Ka\ ndXiv orav upa

16,
S'

600

c'ip.a

rayOr]

Tills

vno

Mynd.

Ib. ix.

;(eAtSoo"ti'.

etxTreipwu'

tcoi/

ap. Athen. 394

Mynd.

as

TrjP

49

-^)

^33

'""'^

Ib.

597 b

viii.

3, 593].

12,

dyeXd^opTai,

avciKopihr^v.

t!]v

to

Arist.

Ibid.

ov (paXovaiv, dnipxovTai
cpOeyyeTai,

M^** X^'^P^^'^^ ""^

aXX' otov eap yevrjTai, Tore apxeTai (fxuvelp

e.

ap. Athen.

Arist.
kcll
1.

H. A.

viii.

601

18,

npos tovs tokovs, kul ovx

C.

ov

(ptjal

tt'lvclv

ttjv

Alex.

cf.

avxpo\ a-vpcfiepovai

ol

rjKiarTa to'ls (jidrrats.

(pdaaav dpaKvnTovcrav

Tpvyopa,

Beproduction, Nesting, &c.

Arist. H. A. vi.

4,

562 b

epioi (})aaiv

eadiii KOL yevpCLP kol Tpip.ripa opto, crrjpe'Lov rroiovpepoi ttjp TroXvnXfjdeiap

eyKva he

8eKa koL TeTTopas rjpepns,

yiperai:

koi enaid^eL

ev erepais 8e Se/ca koi TeTTapuL nTepovprai ovtcos couTe

^dpeaOai
TLKTei, ov

De

as

x (32) 52.

ev8ias eK ;^ei^coi'OS acpohpov yevopevrji ecpdey^aTO koi edavpacr-

Kai npos TTjv liXXrjV vyUiav

Alex.

npos

fj

tcov 8e (paaacov eviai, fiev (fxoXovmv, eviai S

ttXtjv fj8T] TTOTe

statement

incredible

394

Gen.

8vo tlktovcti en\ to ttoXv,

nXeopdKis
iv.

6,

8is:

r]

558

cf. vi. I,

(T(f)68pa

old

TOv x^^p^v"^ opxeis avrd.

TOP avTOP Kai

6 apprjp Ka\

(pi'iTTa,
r]

fie

ToaavTas'

padias KnToXap,-

nXelarra Tpui'

ev tco

b, Plin. x. (58) 79, (53) 74.

eapi

Arist.

774 b TLKtovaiv dTeXrj kqI Tv({)Xd. H. A. iii. i, 510 otov

peydXovs 'icrxovaiv (tovs opxfis)
axxT epioi o'lopTai

dxeiuxTi,
'ix^t-v

tci

ciXXas

p.f]

oxev-

avrav.

kul

6ijXHn.

ix. 7>

613

dXXop ov npoaieprai'
Arist.

fr.

271, ap. Athen.

dXXa

KOL TeXevTi)(TaPTOs xip^^ei 6 vnoXeinopepos

How

it

Sdcf^prj,

''"''

nppevn

rj

Tpvyuip

Kai enrnd^ovcLP a/KpoTepoL Ka\

TTOvai 6 fcos dapaTov ovTe 01 lippepes Tas drjXelas, ovre

places a branch of laurel,

f'x^' ^^

cf.

ix.
a'l

394 b ovk dnoXel-

dijXeiai tovs lippepas,

Porph.

in its nest for a

De

Abst.

iii. 1 1.

charm, Ael.

i.

35,

Geopon. xv. 1, cf. Plin. viii. (27) 41. How the Cuckoo builds
in its nest, and the young Cuckoo, assisted by their parents, casts
out its foster-brothers, Arist. De Mirab. 3, 830 b, Ael. iii. 30.
In Plat. Theaet. 199 b Xa^e'ip <puTTap dvT\ jiepLaTepas, is to take
a wild pigeon for a tame one.
Its flesh is mentioned as a dainty,
Ar. Ach. 1 105, 1 107 KaXop ye Ka\ ^upBop to ttjs (fioTTTjs Kpeas.
Mentioned
Phile, 722,

<t>AIZA <t>A*

79

<t>AZZA [continued).

as coming from Boeotia, Ar. Pax 1104.

otVi'a

is

capture

Its

c})aTToiv.

In Anth. Pal.

difficult,

is

but

71 the oak
by means of

ix.

is efifected

and by the aid of blinded decoy-birds, Dion. De Avib. iii. 12.

lover's gift, Theocr. v. 133.
The Dim. ^drTioy, used as a term
of endearment, Ar. PI. lOII vrjTrdpiov au Ka\ (pdmou vneKOpl^ero
in

nets

Obel.

Philip.

Athen.

ap.

fr.

viii.

359

b,

little

pigeon,

skinny

one.

Proverb. Plut.
Cf. also

<t>AII04>0'N0Z,

II.

XV. 238

620

xii.

T]

1077

(fnWra

(ji^iTrrj,

as like as two peas.

&c.
Cf.

J. <(>acrCTO<J)oi'TT)S.

species of

36,

ii.

irepio-Tepd,

<{>di|/,

<j)a|3oTU'iro9.

Hawk.
fOLKcos

t/jrjKi

(j)a(TCT0(f)6va>,

aJKe'it

Arist.

H. A.

615

ix. 12,

8e KUfiivBii fieyedos ucrof lipa^ 6 (patraocjiovos KaXovfiefos.

'^pfifi

b,

Ael.

Tov (paacrocpoi'Trju advpfxa etVat (paaiv.

Commonly

Astur pahimbariiis, L., which

but the Goshawk is
rare in Greece (Lindermayer, Von der Miihle), and there is no definite
tradition in regard to the name (Scaliger, in Arist. p. 249 certe periculosum sententiam suam dicere). The above references are all mystical
translated Gos/iawk,

e.

i.

has moreover a reputation for extreme swiftness

cf. s.v. ire'Xeia.

A'*.

"Wild Pigeon; almost certainly identical with

Ringdove.

Cf.

Apparently distinguished from

where however,

15,

MSS.
ing

(Aa, Ca) omit

(pd-^,

as in Arist.

ap. Athen.

1.

there

c.

and

their size, pdacra

the passage

Supposed
is

4"^-^,

to

is

and others (Da)

its

cfyXdIBcov

ix.

a,

some

MSS. PDa

the

394

In Arist.

a.

further confusion in the statements as to

is

(pa^^

being apparently cited as

fr.

rt.

supposed

different,

^o/3. (pe^opai,

but

(fr.

but the derivation

As

parallel, TpTjptov, rpea.

occur in Arist. passim

cited in Aesch. Philoct.

First in Aesch.

593

In the follow-

(pdrra.

(fiaivovrai,

271, 1527, Athen.

be connected with

and

viii. 3,

of pigeon-names,

corrupt.

as doubtful as

(pXdjBes,

fr.

H. A.

(pdacra in Arist.

the catalogue

in

line, (f)dTTa pev ovv Ka\ Trepia-Ttpa. oet

read

the

<|>do-<ra,

4>fit|3oTuiroSj <j)aCTCTo<j)6f09.

232) ap. Athen.

ix.

cpa^wv

394

is

var.

II.

specially

a.

Prot. (2) 194, ap. Athen. 394 a aiTovpiv^v dv(TTr]vov

dd\iav (pd^a, picraKTii nXevpa npos nrvois TveTrXcypfvrjv.

Description.

Arist.

S. V. <|>(icraa,

Athen.

H. A.

564

vi. 8,

"7

ix.

H. A.
394

ix.

613 ovk

7,

dvaKVTrTova-i nipova-ai

c) veoTrevovai iv rots avrois tuttois

f^f" OrjXeia

dno

Kai eas aKpuriapaTos copas, 6 d

(vide

dd.

Arist.

delXr}! dp^apevi] ttjv re vvxS' oKrjv

fVwafft

I'ippT]^

to Xotnoy tov xpdfov.

2

Ibid, y, 563 b,

l8o

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

A^

{contimicif).

ix.

The Cuckoo

29, 618.

Arist.

De

Mirab.

830

3,

lays her eggs in

nest

its

(cf.

s.

v. <|>d(7o-a,

b).

Mentioned also Lye. 580.

An unknown

EAAI'NAI.

water-bird, mentioned, with epithet raxo':,

as being captured in nets, Dion.

According

4>H'NH.

Avib.

iii.

(pnii'co,

Von

Edlinger and others, from root bha-n

with

word

(poiii^, "Eg.

is

23.

connected with

&c., i.e. having ra

(j)da,

to think the

to Doederlein,

De

0r;i/o

(=

Xanrrpos),

or according to

\ap.Trpa:

ofxfjLaTa

cjiiovelu.

inchne

an exotic, and probably Egyptian, connected

beuim.

kind of Vulture.

Od.

iii.

ativwrepov

371
rf

^AdrjVT)

t' olavoi,

Arist. H. A. viii.
619 aeros 6 yvrjcnoi
Tpe(pei.

3,

592 b derov

ra tov derov TiKva

(cf.

the eye).

Hal.

1.

Its

727

Arist.

Koi

De

lb. vi. 6, 563, ix. 34,

Ambros. Hexaem.
(?

v. 18).

Tis

(pi'iVrjs

(cf.

u?nv6v yvov eKXvfv dv']p

Mirab. 60, 835

^^

lb. ix. 32,

619 b eK^XrjdivTd
enapyepos t iari

a reference to the blood-red sclerotic of

maternal affection referred to

fj,:v

Xtyecoj,

Ar. Av. 304.

pel^o^v, t6 xp^i^"- crnobodbis.

cjiT]vy]i.

Koi TreTTTjpuTai tovs 6(f)dn\povs

2l6 Kkalov 8e

xvi.

alyvmol ynp-^uvvxes.

ij

jiei^wv Tijs

Od.

el^opivrj.

(prjVT]

(firjvni

aiyuTrios, &c.),

0pp.

opOpiov dp<p\ reKeaaiv.

^^ dXuiuTicv 'Pw^ ylverai,

e/c

de tovtchv

irepKvoi KOI "yiTre?.

Ael.

Xll.

According

<f']vr]v

to

Se Ka\ apTTrjv 'APi'jva Tvpoavepovaiv.

Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

wife of Periphas into the bird

ulaiav enKpalvea-dai

Also
cf.

<p''''''S,

Diosc.

cf.
ii.

<t>i'iv>],

Ovid, Met.
58

(plvis

c. vi,

kcI SiSot
vii.

Zeus metamorphoses the

npos divaa-av irpa^iv

dvdpixnroi^

399.

to opveov, 6 'PoapdiaTi KaXovaiv uaaifppayov:

Plin. X. 3.

Identified by Aldrovandi, Gaza, and by most moderns, with the

Aquila barbata of Pliny, N. H. x. 3, that is to say with our Lammergeier, Gypa'ettis barbattis, L., which is accurately described by Dion.
De Avib. i. 4 under the name apirif]. The Lammergeier is also
identical with Lat. ossifraga (Plin.

1.

c), a

name

accurately descriptive of

and Lat. sanqtealis (Festus, 316,317). The brief description

in Arist. H. A. viii, incHnes Sundevall, Aubert, and Wimmer, to identify
<i)r]vr] with Vultur monachus.
The references are in the main poetical
or mythical, and both the name and the stories of the bird's maternal
affection seem to me to point to an Egyptian origin.
With the stories
of the Eagle's bastard brood, cf. the Mod. Gk. name pr]\a8e\(pi =
erepodaXrjs (Coray, "Atokto, v. 204), said by Heldreich to be applied
to Aquila Bonellii.
its

habits,

<t>Avl; <t>OINIKOnTEPOI

AErV'AZ-

Suid. deros $av66s, o^vs, Hesych.

6 cieros,

134 (vide

Cf. Hes. Sc.

H.

infra).

An unknown

AE'EIZ,

l8l

bird.

Ar. Av. 882.

jA6p<|)i'os

from

Perhaps connected with 4)XcYuas, a name or ep. of

Hes. Sc. H. 134, where it seems to mean the lightning bird,'

in

'

bharg, to shine.

Sk.

fulg-eo,

(j)\ey-co,

Steinthal,

Cf.

app. to

Coldzieher, Myth, of the Hebrews, p. 384 (ed. London, 1877).

The riamingo,

OINIKO'riTEPOI.

En. ovTos ov

Ar. Av. 271

HE.

\nivaioi.

nvTM y
in

PJwenicoptcrus anfiquoriim, L.

Tcov 7]$u8q}v TcofS' CUV opciff

'EU.

^a^a'i, /caXoj ye Koi (poiviKiovs.

del,

vfie'iS

eiKOTcos'

koi

yap

aXka
ovofx

^oiviKoivTepos.
This is the only reference to the bird
Greek, and the identification here is at best doubtful.
succeeding reference to the Cock might lead one to suspect that

eVrt

classical

The

under the name Phoenicopterus some bird less unlike the Cock than
the Flamingo is, was here alluded to
such a bird, for example,
:

as Porphy?'io hyacinthinus, the Purple Water-hen (vide

The

question, however,

not capable of settlement.

is

s.

v. iropcjjupiwi').

The Flamingo

occurs in Greece only as a rare straggler, though abundant on the

opposite coast of Asia Minor (Von der Miihle, p. 118
Lindermayer,
Cf. Gesner, H. Anim. lib. iii Mirum est huius tam pulp. 155, &c.).
;

chrae

nomen ab Aristoteli taceri, cum Aristophanes,

meminerit sed Graecis etiam raram esse banc
Flamingos were seen, however, by Bory de St. Vincent,

eximiae avis

et

qui vixit

eadem

aetate,

avem

puto.

in the

marshes of Osman Aga near Navarino.

Heliodorus, Aethiop.

and the Scholiast ad

est in Africa
Vit. Apoll.

In Crat.

it,

Tyan.

Nem.

vi. 3

describes the bird as NeiXwov (poiviKonrepov

Juv.

xi.

apparently,

is

139 states in like manner, abundans

also

mentioned as a dainty, by

Philostr.

387 (ed. Paris, 1605) as opvii (f)oivlKeos.

ap. Athen. ix. ^7^ d opvis (j)oiviK67rTfpos, is probably

viii. p.

fr.4,

the Cock.
It

has been stated above,

viii. 8)

s.

v.

yXuxTis, that Belon (Hist, des Oyseaux,

identified that bird with the

(Ornithol.

iii.

Flamingo

20, 4), with as little reason.

To

so also did Aldrovandi

the opinion there ascribed

words of Gesner should have been subquas Gallinulas aquaticas nostri vocant avibus
Glottidem adnumero, quae omnes fissipedes sunt
cf. also Scaliger
(in loc. Aristot.) Glottis autem quae sit nondum mihi constat
ridiculum

to Linnaeus, the following

joined

ego vero

iis

quod quidam de Phoenicoptero ausus est pronuntiare.

In Latin, references to the Flamingo are frequent and
doubt.

Cf. Juv. xi. 139 et

nomenque debet quae rubentibus pennis

dat mihi penna rubens nomen Suet. Cal. 22, &c., &c.

Martial, Ep.
xiii.
'

71

free

iii.

58, 14

That the Tongue of

from

Scythiae volucres et phoenicopterus ingens

;

ib.

this Volatile

was much commended, and

in

l82

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

OmiKOnTEPOI

{continued).

its excellent Taste and most delicious Relish, will

appear from the following Quotations' (Douglass, op. infra cit.) Plin.
X. (48) 68 Phoenicopteri linguam praecipui saporis esse, Apicius docuit
quid si garrula lingua
Martial, xiii. 71 sed lingua gulosis Nostra sapit
The brain was also a tid-bit, and
foret? cf. also Sueton. Vitell. xiii.
Heliogabalus (Lamprid. 20, p. 108) exhibuit Palatinis dapes extis et
cerebellis Phoenicopterorum refertas.
Receipts for the cookery of

great Esteem, for

Flamingos are given (without mention of the tongue) by Apic.

Re

Coquin.

am

vi. 7.

De

(?)

inclined to believe that such costly indulgences

of the palate were often determined by obscure superstitious motives

many Chinese

are

(as

be

appreciated

still

luxuries)

rather than by real or imaginary

Nevertheless the Flamingo's tongue

refinements of taste.
:

Von der

cf.

said to

is

Miihle, Ornithol. Griechenlands,

Ein franzosischer Schiffscapitain brachte mir einige von Smyrna,

sehr haufig sind, und von den Jagern den Englandern zum
Verkaufe angeboten werden, welche die dicke fleischige Zunge als
Leckerbissen verzehren.
Cf.
(int.
al.)
the interesting paper by
Dr. J. Douglass in Phil. Trans, v. p. 63, 1721.
p.

18

wo

sic

The Redstart,

OINI'KOYPOI.

IMod. Gk.

(Scop.).

H. A.
also Geop. xv.
Arist.

OTNIH

s.

49 B, 632 b

ix,

Luscinia phoenicurus, L., and L. tHhys

yiavvaKos.,

KOK/cti'OKcoXor,

Plin. x. (29)

44

KoXauT^rjs

vide

s. v.

(Bik^las).

epiGaKos.

Cf.

22.

i,

The Phoenix, an

<|)otVi^.-

astronomical symbol of the

Eg. dennu.

Egyptians.

First in Hes. Fr. 50, 4.

Herod,
ovK i8ov,

ii.

y^ eori Se Ka\
odov ypafpll'

el fif]

HXiouTToXirat Xeyoucrt)

(&)S

aTVoOavrj 6 Trarrjp,
fiev avTOxi

aWos
'^"'

ov

TVKTTO.

XeyoPTes.

'''''

Trrepcov,

e^

cyrrdi'ios
(f>oiTai>

enKpoiTa
8e Tore

e'yo) fief jxiv

<r(f>i,

8ia ireav

(pacri,

ineav

yparp^ napopioios, ToaoaBe koI TotocrSe*

ra 8e epvBpa' es ra paKiara nlera

yrjaiu oiMOiOTaTos, Koi to peyados.

(lev

^')

TrevTaKocrla>u,

fcrrt 8e, et rfj

xP^f^oKopn rav

opvis Ipos, tco ovvoyta (polvi^'

7^P

rrepiT]-

tovtov 8e Xeyovcri prp)(^avaadai rahe,

Apa^Lr]s

6ppea>pevov es to

Iphv

oi
to.

e'pol

tov 'HXi'ou

Kopi^eiv TOV Trarepa iv crpvpvr) epnXacrcTOVTa, koI BauTeiv ev tov 'HXi'ou tc5
ip^.

iaTi
81]

Bwrnos

Kopi^eiv be ovTa>' irpaiTov, tP]s (Tp.vpvr]s (oov TrXacrcrfii/ oaov re

(fiepeiv'

pera 8e

KoiXrjvaVTa to

(Tfiv ToiiTO

KUT o

cpdi',

Ti

TreipairOai

tov naTepa es avTo

tov 'HXiod to Ipov.

392, &c.

e'vTidevai, crpvpvr] 8e

aWt]

ovtco

epTtXacr-

ev 'Adrjvais

epirXdaavTa 8e Kopl^eiv piv in AiyvKTov es

Cf. Ael. vi. 58, Philostr. Vit.

(Olear.), Antiph.

<f)oiviKus,

drroneiprjdij,

TOV (OOV eKK0i\7]i'as evedrjKe tov iraTepa' ecTKeipevov 8e tov

rruTpos yivecrdai rcouro ^dpos'

p. 13s

avTO (popeovra' eireav 8e

Com.

ApoUon. Tyan.

iii.

49,

96 ev 'UXiov pev (paai yiyveaOin TroXei

8e yXavKas.
Artemid., Suid., Ovid, Metam. xv.
iii.

;;

OINIKOnTEPOZ <t>OINI=
OINIH
An

83

{continued).

Indian version, Dion.

De

Avib.

32

i.

aKr'jKoa 5/,

as irapa

rois ^Iv^oh

opvis Hr] yoveaiv cirep Koi pi^eccs X'^P'S' v(f)i<TTdpvos, (f)oivi^ rovvopa,
(jiarnp eVt nXe'LO-Tov kqI

ovre Kokdpois

OdvaTos avTM
eavTov

iv

BeppoTtjs,

Kadrjpevov Toii (poiviKos

ovTco

df

17

npoi tus

i]

Ka\idi>

8ia(pdapiVTOs avrov veos /

vy^rjXrjs

e(f)

erepos

pdvov

rjXiaKrjs

Trjs

Tijs

Kara0Xeyfi

recppas aiidis

rrjs

wore vno

Tof opviu yivecrdai tovtov.

X'^P'-^i

'O Se
nTrj(jets

crvvTidrjai

tcov {jXiiiKav aKrlvaiv

aai to?s irarpcpois edeai xprJTai,

^toiv

TTOielv Treiponpfvau.

Tvore yijpdcras

TeXevr?]s,

tijs

Kcii

to^oh ovre Xldois

oi/Ve

ras avyas tcov oppdrcov eXaaaovpivas,

rj

narpos re koi prjTpos

avyrjs,

yap

7]v

peaa

^oim^

yiverai

wy

kut avTUiv

ti

dpX']V noie'i Trjs ^co^s"

(TvXXe^as nvpdv riva

Kdp(pr]

fu)f}y, rjv

Trdar]! d0o/3iaj aurou,

tmv dfSpaiU

Trciyan

rrjV

vcdOiarepov^

l8t]

n(Tpas

rj

pera

Cf. Physiol.

(who adds that the Phoenix builds its nest in the month
Faminoth, a Coptic word); Epiphan. in Physiol, c. xi,
Eustath. Ant., p. 29 (ed. Lugd. 1677), Pseudo-Hieronym., p. 219 (ed.
Syr., c. xvi

Pamnuth,

s.

Venet. 1772).

Chaeremon,
ypd\l/ai,

dno ^ivqs

ib.

ii.

57

eTri.8i]povPTa StjXovvtss,

dnoKaTdaTafriu

TO opviov ^(oypa(Poii(riv'

(f)olviKa

Horap.

(po'ivi^.

i.

34

t'jXlov

ea-Th 6

(f)o'ivt^

Se ivTavda ttoXvv xpovov biarpi^iovaav (BovXopevoi.

yl/'vx'jv

nXrjppvpnv, (poiviKa to opveov ^(oypa(f)ov(Tiv

i}

Xpovicas 8e
(f)ov(TLV

16 enavTos'

fr.

....

(Tvp^oXov

ndXiv

TroXvxpduiou

Se

ibid.

(^ci'iVLKa

35

Kai

tov

to opveov ^coypa-

^ovXopeuoi

arjpfjvai,

yap ore yevvaTai, dnoKaTd(TTa(jis

K~lvos

ylveTGi irpaypdraiv.

A
(I5

symbol of long

793)

Nonnus Dion.

also

Cf.

Tapcra

Prov.

life,

^i' pr]

Luc. Hermot. 53

(^o'lvikos eTij jSicotri;,

cf Job xxix. 18, where for sand read Phoenix.

x'^'fTf;? (ro(f)6s opvis

xl.

394

^vXa KrjaevTa

'^''"'

in (v68pa> aeo ^copio

(pepcop

ynpyj/cowxi-

Teppa

(Bioio (pepcov

(polvi^,

avToaTTOpov apx^jv

ndXiv ayperos

TiKTerai, laoTVTToio xpoi'oi'

(Ikojv

Xi'cra?

See also the PJioenix of

Claudian Auson. Id. xi Ovid, Met. xv. 402 Senec. Ep. xlii Pompon.
Mela, iii. 9
Lactant. (?) Carm. Phoenice
Lucian, iii. 27, 276, 350
Solin. Polyhistor. c. 36
Clem. Rom. Ep. i ad Corinth, c. 24, p. 120, &c.
iv TTvpX

yvjpas,

dpfl^eTai eK nvpbs

r^^r]v.

Late apparitions of the Phoenix, Plin.

Suidas

Tzetz. Chiliad, v. 6.

commenced

x. 2

Tacit, vi. 28

new Phoenix-period

A. D. 139, in the reign of

is

Dio

C.

Ivii

said to have

Antoninus Pius; and a recru-

descence of astronomical symbolism associated therewith

is

manifested

on the coins of that Emperor.

Various remedies were to be obtained from its nest, Plin. xxix. 9
remedia post millesimum annum reditura monstrare).

(Irridere est vitae

For

further references, oriental

and

classical, see

Bochart, Hieroz.

ii.

coll. 818, 849.

On

the Phoenix as an astronomical symbol of a cyclic period, see

(int. al.)
ii,

p.

Marsham, Canon. Chron. p. 9, 387 Creuzer's Symb. i. p. 438,

Lewis, Astr. of Anc, p. 283
Kenrick's Egypt of Herod.,

163

'

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

184
t>OINI= {continued).
p.

Larcher's Herod,

100;

ii.

320; Encycl. Metrop., Art. Herodotus

p.

249; Drummond
Enchir. Chron. Math. i. p. 186.

Class. Journal, xiv. 319; Ideler,

See the Bhagavad Gita, viii, for an
account of the similar cyclical day and night of Brahma.' For a
corresponding Chinese tradition, see Martini, Histor. Sinica, cit. Coray
ad Heliod. p. 201 Creuzer, Symb. ii. 164 on the Persian account, cf.
Dalberg, 'Simorg, der Persische Phonix,' in Von Hammer's Fundgruben
des Orients, i. p. 199. See also Henrichsen, De Phoenicis fabula apud

(8vo ed.),

in

p.

'

Graecos, Romanos,
In Aristid.

populos orientales, Hafniae, 1825, 1827.

et

p. 107 (Jebb) the

ii.

Phoenix

is

called

'Ij/Sikoj opi/ir.

For representations of the Phoenix, see Jomard's Descr. de

Antiq.

i.

I'Eg.

c, 5.

The Phoenix has been taken by Cuvier, Lenz, and others, for the
Golden Pheasant, a coarse materialising of a mythic symbol (Hehn).
On the study and interpretation of such sacred enigmas of the ancients,

see Grote's Hist.

The

i.

c. 16.

subject deserves to be studied under

many heads

for

example,

the varying terms assigned to the Phoenix-period, and the various

astronomical cycles thereby indicated

the relation of the Phoenix to

the Palm-tree (Eg. dennu = (po'ivi^ to opveov,

be?t!ie

= (^oivi^

to 8iv8pov,

Lauth, Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad., 1876, p. 94) in connexion with the

whole symbolic imagery of the latter the relation of the Phoenix to the
;

Heron (Lauth,

I.e.;

cf.

supra

s.v. PairiG),

involving also the depicting

Soul's wanderings.

and the question of the term assigned to the

The whole subject is of great complexity, and lies

beyond the scope of

this book.

of the Soul as the Phoenix

An unknown

PYn'AOI.

bird, obscurely referred to in A.r. Av., with

a play on the word 'Phrygian'; 763 (ppvylXos opvis ivdab' co-tm,

Tov ^i\r]povos yevovs
to be a

form cognate

a Sparrow

in

and 873

which case

(TTpovda peydXr] prjrpl

(f>pvyi\(o

2a,3(i^tw.

to jTepyoOXoi', cnrepyouXos, &c.,

Beuiv.

(f)pvyL\a 2a/3afia) is

Supposcd

conjecturc

and

an exact

to

it

mean

parallel to

also to be Connected with

1^2ii. /ritigilla.

4>PYNOAO'rOI,

kind of
Arist.

s.

^p\Jvo\6yo%

Hawk,

H. A.

620

Vide

Of the various hawks

seems best applicable
flKl'QN"

opvLs noios,

a toad).

probably a species of Harrier, Circus

IX. 36,

Kn\ ;^^ayLiaXo7r7-^rai.

{^(^pvvrj,

01

8e Xe'ioi

S. v.

/cat

(ppvi>o\6yoL'

sp,

ovtoi ev(3ia>TaT0i

eXeios.

that feed

on

to the Harriers.

Hesych.

ol

reptiles, the epithet

'

low-flying

*OINIE

TTcouy^ in

have

(]\ISS.

<t>ay=.

c^cov^, 6S>v^,

Anton. Lib.

c.

Heron kind

bird of the

XAPAAPIOI
Aid. and

Et.

but equally applicable to the

Arist.

H. A.

KaKovnevr]

18,

617

01 /xeV

'l8ioi/

i)(ei

Trpos

ix.

(j)a>v^

TToXtpios Sf

TQiv opvidcou.

Boios ap. Anton. Lib.

edtoKev 6 Zevs ixrjdif

Il(j)vyyes,

be a name

Koi

Vide supra,

XAPAAPIO'I.

yap

/xtiXtcrra

yap

for the Bittern,

dWa

navy^,

kol avrrj rpocprjv

fadUiv 6cf)da\povi

l)(6uos

opviaos

'i

Etym. M.

Tcis o\l/eis.

ti)v ^orjv Ka\ ivyr]v,

Vide

Hcsvch.

S.

dXeKTpuwi', p. 24.

V.

KufjuvSis.

s. v.

Thick-knee or Norfolk

bird conjectured to be the

Plover, Charadrms ocdicnemus, L., Ocdicncnms crepitans,

so

by Gesner,

identified

Wimmer,

&c..

IMod.

LXX.

Heb.

nsJN*.

to

Se

17

6(pda\po(Bapos

icrriv

(Kfiurj 6/xoiO(3ioro?.

8e BovXls eyevero

AlyvTTTiov tov naidos d(f)e\eadai

eldos dXeKrpvoi'os,

7t<^v$.

Heron.

aWviai, al KXride'iaai jBovyyes, napa.

a'l

XAAKIAIKO'IXAAKl'Z.

17

Schn.

4>mi^,

ovv epooBiol tovtov ^lovai top rponov,

yrjs (pvopevov,

e'/c

epeWeu

o(pe(os, OTi

C.

to

Common

raWa'

Trj apTvr],
1.

Camus

M.)

supposed

185

Gk. TovpXiSa

auctt.

and

Sundevall, Aubert

by

followed

by

Applied

(Erh.).

The

derivation

e'ju/3ay

eVco^f, ;^npaSpioi' ptpovfifPOi

from

x/J"S/3a

the

more

is

than doubtful.
Ar. Av. 265 es
ot )(^apa8piol Ka\

Arist.

H. A.

11,615

ix.

Xoxprjv

Tr]v

raWa

TTordpC bpvia.

viii. 3,

593

Tcis 8' olKijaeis

mentioned with Xapor,

b,

pev nepl ras

01

Ka\ TTiTpas, olov 6 KaXovpfvos ^"P^^P'o^'

Ka\ Tr]V

(pcuvrjv (paiJXoi,

Proverb, x^po^pi^o^
opvLS Tis oj

a/Lio Tcp

by

Is killed

^'

14I

Ib.

a'ldvta.

X'JP'V^^ TTOiovvrai

o X'^P'^^P'^'^

'^"'' ''"')''

XP"""

(^alvtrai 8e vvKTiop, I'jpepas 8' a7roStfipa(rKfi.

l^i-of

iaQUiv

t^")

of a glutton, Plat. Gorg. 494

(ubi Schol.

eKKpiuei).

aa-(paXTOs, Ael. vi. 46.

De An.

Phile,

^'o"'"'

KfTT(f)os,

'^'^'-

X'^P'^'^P'^^

ib.

TriTrrei

x^P^Sp'^f Tcrdvov

crTrnVa?-,

Pr. 673.

According to Boios

ap.

Anton. Lib.

c.

xv,

Agron

is

metamorphosed

into the bird xapaSptoy, the other characters in the story turning into

various other nocturnal birds.

The

sight of

is

it

through the eyes

(TvyKXeiaas

e'x^i.

has never been

xvii.

13.

said to cure the jaundice, the bird catching

fairly tried.

See also Suidas

oppeo}/, fli ov dTTojiXe'^avTfs,

oOfv Kal dTTOKpvnTovcriv ai'Tovs

Kafivovres,

Kal

W. H.

T.]

Symp.

Plut.

ii.

681

(and Schol. in Ar. Av. 267)

as Xdyor,

ot

itself

ivTevdev,

Xapa8pi6v

c,

Ael.

Xapa8pi6s.

iKTepiavTfs paov airaXXaTTOvrai'

01 TTnrpda-KOVTfS, Lva

pi]

npoiKa u)(p(Xu)VTai

" Kai p')v KaXdnreL, pu>v xopaSpiof nepvas ]" ovrcus

napoLpia

it

hence dn oar pecker ai tovs iKTepiavrai, Ka\ ra oppara

[From which we may conjecture that the experiment
;

pipovpevos,

enl

tuiu

01

iTrnSn/a^.

dnoKpvmopevuiv,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

86

XAPAAPIOI

{cotitimied).

yap rovs iKTfpiavras

eVet

Evcppovios.

ovT(t>s

Kpvnrovcnv, Iva

TT(pvavT(s

Kal ToiJTov

ol

Trepiepycos.

e'aTi Se eldos

6 ;^apaSpi6s ocfjoeis,

wf/jeXet

npo rov avrjaacrdai

p.f]

opveov fjifTa^aWoftevov

ra

els

tis

ladjj

Cf.

rrpOKelpei'a, K.r.X,

iKTepos.

In these mythical
(volucris

Epiphan.

palatiis),

with which compare Physiol. Syr. xv

stories,

alba, nee ulla in ea nigredo est

tota

Hex.

in Physiol, xxiii. Eust.

regum

reperitur in

Bochart,

p. 32,

p. 34)

ii.

do with eastern tales of the Stork, Heb. chasad (Lev. xi. 19,
from a confusion of names.
In Babr. Ixxxii (Ixxxviii, W. G. R.) Cod. Ath. has xapSpoi>'' for KopvhdWos the word is here perhaps a corrupt connexion of Kokavhpos,
Cf. W. H.
which occurs in Dion. De Avib. iii. 15.
It. calandra,

we have
Deut.

to

xiv. 18) arising

Thompson's note on
XEIAfi'NEI"

Gorg.

Plat.

Hcsych.

Tuiv oKiKTpvovixtv rives,

Etymology very

XEAIAii'N.

c.

1.

doubtful.

dn'na, &c.

Supposed by some

or seize,'

Lat. hir-udo, a view

cf.

older, Isid. Orig.

Cf.

KaWwr.

Lat. hiriindo, Sp. golon-

Cf.

be from Sk.

to

rt. ha?',

somewhat akin

hirundo dicta

xii. 7

S. V.

'

to catch

one much

to

quod cibos non sumat

est,

residens, sed in aere rapiat escas et edat.

The Chimney Swallow, Hirundo

Svp-allow.
House Martin, H. urbica. Mod. Gk. ^fXiSdi/t.

and the

rtistica,

See also

s.

vv.

airous, SpeTrai'is, Ku\|/eXos, KWTiXds.

Dim.

Eust.

x^^i'So^'i'S^^s,

Anth. Pal.

XeXiSoi/is,

called

V.

bow

avTtjv

of Ulysses),

cf.

56

Galen,

x^^'^^o^'ioi',

210, &c.

vii.

vii.

xiv.

386

Swallow-chick

47, or opTokixo^

is

(<^-'^'-)'

579.

In Homer, Od. xxi. 411

the

160,

Achae. ap. Ael.

xikihovos,

/Mo'o-xoy

0pp. Hal.

753.

vi.

Plut. Is.

17

xxii.

and

S*

vvh koKqv

240

aeia-e, ;^eXiSoi't elKeXrj avStiV

Osir. xvi,

avnt^aaa^

e^er

[^Adi^vrj]

357 C, where

ii.

Isis

x^^^^'^^''

(of

"''^eXr;

turns by night

into a Swallow.

and Phrases.

Epithets
Ki'ipa,

Even,

xiii,

Gk. Anth.

i.

XapU(T(Ta x^^f^^oh Anacr.

dfKpiXdXois
I

Arrian, Nonnus, Babr.

s.

6p6poXdXos, Philip,
p.

98.
fr.

Si'o-ya/io?,

88 (Bergk)

v.

^ovdij,

OprjKin

freq. in

Gk. Anth.
Anthol.

ii.

xii.

y6.

Lucian, Traged. 49.

vii. 39. 4, p.

;(eXiScoi',

(cf.

;^ei'\fa-ii'

Rutherford's note,

D. ii. 186.
Sappho,
45 ap. Hesych.

Hes. Op.

navSiovis, Hes.

nt^oiKos,

rjdvfxfXrjs,

22.

Ar. Ran. 679-68 1. XdXos,

dpdpoyor],

200.

'At61

TtTTiya (and other epithets).

Babr. Fab. cxviii

iTnraXcKTpuojK).

xviii,

57 ap. Hephaest.

8eiv6v iTn^pefierai

and vide supra,

Nonn. Dion.

alo'K68eipos,

\akos \a.\ov dpnd^aa-a

piKiOpeTTTf,

Aesch.

fr.

et

I.e.

XAPAAPIOI XEAIAiiN
XEAIAflN

Description.

Anth.

Arist.

Kai KaKonovs.

lb.

618

lb. ix. 30,

Toh

TTpbi

I,

i'xei

viii.

Schol.).

ovk

592 b ouvls a-apKocpdyo^.

3,

30,68

b, ix.

evpvv,

ap.

84,

fr.

Lye. 1460.

563,

5,

487

Alcaeus,

(cf.

ttjv Kfijprjv

e^f

ffrepois

vi.

i.

Tov cTTOjxnxov ovre rov npoXof^ov

506 b

1411

^otlioXrjnTos,

H. A.

fxovoxpoos.

519

12,

Ar. Av.

ttoikiXos,

(^iXoTrair, (piXoreKPos,

iii.

87

{contintted).

Tavva-iTTTepos,

lb.

tw

o/xoios

nXAa

evTrrepos

IJ,

509 ovre

ii.

KoiXinv paKpnv.

Tr]V

The Swallow

t>]v xoXt]v.

<"nro8i'

lb.

e;^fi ^acrelnv.

is

lb.

ii.

5j

said, like the

Nightingale, to have no tongue, Aes. Fab. 416, Sec.

Nest and Keproduction.

Arist.

H. A.

TTTepols TTposTi-jV Koviv.

7,

ix.

avTijv KoXiri^eirai To'is

oe (rTi/SaSoTroifirai KaOinrfp

71.

b arvyKaranXeKei yap

'612

^pexovan

To7s Kapfpecri irrfKov' Kav airoprjTat. nr^Xov,

o'l

I'lvQpainoi^Ta crKXrjpa

nepi re

TrpaiTa vTroridelaa Koi rat peyedet, crvppeTpov TToioiaa Trpos avTrjV.

TKva>v fKnovelrai dpcftorepa'

Tpocf)>)v Ta>v

Ti)v

Tivi

TO

(Tvv7]dia

OTTcos

TTpoeiXT)(j)6s,

TvpaiTov avToi fK^aXXovaiv, OTav

House

Plut.

De

An.

Soil.

The

Sly veoTrevei.

ii.

av^r]6a)ai, peTacrr petpovras e^co StSdcr/coutrt

Martin.)

966

Cf. Ael.

De

24, 25, Antig. Mirab. 37 (43),

iii.

H. A.

Arist.

d.

nests of the Swallow,

are adequately described by Plin.

Phile,

Konpov to pev

Kai rqv

Xd^T],

Slf

prj

S (Karepco Starr/poCcra

(This accurate account evidently refers in par-

Tovs vfOTTovs irpo'uvni.

ticular to the

S'

Stficocri

563 povov

vi. 5,

to>v

aapKorpdyav

House Martin and Sand Martin

x. (33) 44.

An. Pr. (20) 454 ivavTiav

be (paai

tq)u opviav,

Trj

pi^iv

ttjv

avTbiv fvpedrji/ai Kai ^efrjv.

For poetic references see

Ar. Av. 1151 (which quotation

(zV//. a/.)

however, by a recent emendation, no longer apt

Antip. Sid. Ixiii, Gk. Anth.
Rev. 1 891, p. 90)

apTi

TfKvcov

6dX7Tov(rav Kaldas vno nTfpvyi

ere

ii.

23

Agath.

is,

Rutherford, Class.

cf.

prjrepa

;teAi8()i',

Gk. Anth.

Ivii,

iv.

23

(TTiTpv^eL 8e ;^eXiSa)i',

Schol.

Gk. Anth.

ii,

Kap'fxcn koXXt^tov nrj^apepr] ddXapov

214

iii.

vno

(pLXonais

Ka\

iKyova nrfXoxvTois ^eivoboKel $aXapo2s

XfXi8d>v

yelcra

Marc. Argent,

Theaet.

bopovs Tfv^aaa

Gk.

xxiv,

Anth.

248

ii.

Ka\ (pcXoreKvos vno TpavXalai x^Xibclov,

rjbr]

jrrjXodopel

ddXapou

XeXiSwv,

o'lKia.

Anth. Pal.

Nonn. Dion.

X.

x^^Xeai Kap(f)iTr]v

yvpa

8e irXdaafi pif vudypoc^a

rjbrj

pobov dyyiXXova-a

Ka\

132

ii.

Ka\

dvde-

poftraav ieparjv

\dXos

opvis,

KaXir'iv:

eyyv?

cf.

i'aaopnt

vTru>po(}jir]s

elapivo'io

piXos

pvpapevais (d

TKva,

i.

riire

729

p^^eXtScot',

TVTfpoevTi

dpxr]6p'^

0pp. Hal.

ibid, xlvii. 30.

i'Kvpcre

ZeCpvpoio

(f>lXr]

rjxovs,

rje

(T(pi(ri

(pBeyyopeprj,

nepiaKaipovcra

Ka\ elapivfjai ;^fXi8do-ii'

XrjKraavTo

e^

fi/viji

jj

0aJres dnrjvees

f]e

SpdKoines

cf. ibid. v.

Nightingale and the Swallow, Babr.

Migration.
6<i>v,

Kn\ ovx

pev

nXrja'iov

XeXibopes

Arist.

cos-

H. A.

viii.

xii (ed.

600

Rutherford).

(fxoXoicn be ttoXXoi Ka\ tu>v opvi-

Ttpes oXovTai, els dXeetvovs tottovs

oPTes toiovtoip Toncop, eV 01?

dnoxcopovaip epTavOa,

fKToUL^ovcTip

16,

See also the Fable of the

579.

01

be

dXXd KpinrTovaiP eavTovs.

d(\

dnepxovTai Trdvres' aXX

biapepovcrt, kol

iktIpoi

iroppunepa oire? tuiv Toiovnop

I'jbri

ol

kui

ovk

yap oippepai noXXal x^Xibopes

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

88

XEAIAilN

{continued).

montium

apricos secutae

iam sunt

recessus, inventaeque

deplumes; Claudian, Eutrop.

34 in vicina abeunt
ibi nudae atque

Cf. Plin. x. (24)

elalu ev dyyeiois eylriXcofxevai Trafinav.

118 Vel qualis gelidis pluma labente

i.

pruinis Arboris immoritur trunco brumalis hirundo.

the migration, see also Aesch.

Arch, xxvi, Gk. Anth.

The Swallow
186) Tov 8e

86 alav

ii.

48 neSoiKos

oXrju vijaons re
:

opOpoyor] Ylavhi.ov\i wpjo )(f\i8a>v

jxer

e.

(i.

as the bird of returning Spring

In reference to
ixeToiKos)

x^^'-^'^"-

av

;;(eXi8cov.

buTTTaixevt]

Hes. Op.

eapos dSvodpov,

Kvavea

OTav rjpos wpq KeXaSfj

Stesich.

x^^i-^ol.

(ii.

e? ^fios di'dpoiTTon, eapos

ny-yeXe KkvTO.

45 (Bergk) ap. Eust.

fr.

Pax 800

Ar.

;^fX(S(ii/.

D. 568

et

Simon. 74 (121) ap. Schol. Ar. Av. 1410

Viov i(TTap.evoio.

fr.

vp-vfiv,

orav

rjpiva

II.

lo.

pev (pavfj

aipa
Id. Eq. 419 aKe\f/a(j6e Trai8(s' ovx opdd'
Av. 714, &c. Ael. i. 52. Babr. 131. Cf. Ovid, Fasti,
ii. 853 Fallimur an veris praenuntia venit hirundo
Hor. Ep. i. 7, 13,
&c. Cf. also a well-known vase (first figured in Mon. Inst. Corn

e^opevq Ke\a8i].

Xe\i8d)V

Via, x^Xibaiv.

Id.

Archeol.
Airrp.

How
H.

P.

pi.

ii.

xxiv) with the inscription 'l5ou

Eap >]8tj.
the Swallows come with the wind

N;) tov 'Hpn/cXea.

;(eXtSa)i'.

'

vii.

Plin.

15, I,

Artemid.

153 o^av 6e to eap TTapn^dXr]

p.

anoSeiKi'vovcrn tu>v epycuv eKacTTa,

aSft, dXX'

;(eXtSoi/tns

euidev

I'jXiov

CTKOvaa Ta>v epyayv

Tios, eiapi Kqpv^,

cf.

or Favonius,Theophr.

47.

ii.

TrpcoTjj

npocrficnv' ois

uttol

dvicrxovTos ovs av

^civTas KaraXapl^dvoi VTTopipvv-

Nonn. Dionys.

13 Ka\ Xiyvprj, pepoTveaui avrea-

iii.

opdpiov viTVov apepae XciXos Tpv^ovaa x^XiSav

tiv

OTnv ye (paivrjTat ovdenoTe ecrrrepas

Kai

dvTL(pavt]S

cantum hirundinibus matutinum &c., Sec.

Hence invoked at the Spring festival of the Thesmophoria Ar.
Thesm. I a> Zev, x^Xidcov apd ttotc (f)nvi]aeTai cf. Ar. fr. 499 nvdov ;^eXiSa)i'

Apul. Florid,

13

ii.

TrrjinK
S.

uttu (paiveTai (Eratosth. ap. Schol. Plat. p. 371

vide also Suid.

V. HTTa).

How
Pausan.

the Swallow
x. 4,

Pausan.
capta

X. (24)

On

c.

1.

sit

Neither does

nor Bizya,

visible in

is

Egypt

all

the year, Herod,

ii.

22,

but never stays to nest in Daulis, the country of Tereus,

in

it

visit

Thebes, quoni^^m urbs

ilia

Thrace, propter scelera Terei, Plin.

saepius

iv. (11) 18,

34 it goes, however, to tus /cara Qi'j^as, Babr. Fab. cxxxi.

Swallows used as messengers, Plin. x. (24) 34.
;

Proverb.

pia

^f-^tSaji/

eap ov nniel, Arist. Eth. Nic.

Cramer, An. Par.

Cratin., according to

i.

182)

6.

i.

1098 (from

Ar. Av. 141 7.

cf.

The Rhodian Swallow Song, x^^'^Sovio-p.a, sung in the month Boedromion (?), Athen. viii. 360 c r)X6\ rjXde x^Xibaiv, KaXds mpas ("yov(Ta,\
|

KaXovs eviavTovs,

Tav dvpav

en\

_;^;XiSof I'

Ilgen, Opusc. Phil.

1914, 45.

yaarepa XevKa,
ov yap yepovTes
i.

p. 165,

enl va>Ta peXaiva

ecrpev,

dXXd

Bergk, P. Lyr.

iii.

.
|

TraiSi'a

p. 671.

dvoiy avoiye\

emended by
Cf. Eustath.

XEAIAJiN

XEAIAflN

189

{co7itiiiued).

In Sappho,

(52) 88 t/

fr.

a fragment of a

wpava

/if ITai'Stni/if

This

Swallow-song.'

'

we have perhaps

-xiKi-^wv,

difficult

variously read

line is

Hesychius gives w pavva x^^^^^v opo0^, but the gloss

Bergk, after Is.
is,
in my opinion, fragmentary and meaningless
I venture to suggest a>pa vka, as in Ar. Eq. 419,
Vossius, reads h" ^nwa
which latter line is itself probably a fragment of a Swallow-song.
Another fragment of a Swallow-song perhaps exists in Hom. Carm.

and interpreted

Min. XV.

II

vevfxai fvuivaios, uxtt^ ;^eX(S<i)i'

viv\i.a[ Toi,

((tttjk

In the Rhodian Swallow-song already referred

^tXfj TToSar.

curious features are the alternate balance or

'

parallelism

'

iv irpodvpois

two very

to,

of successive

and the apparent influence of accent on rhythm the text has

been much emended by commentators, in order to obtain a more
It is easy to
accurate scansion than the song ever, perhaps, possessed.
suggest yet other emendations for instance in 11. 17, 18 av 6?) (peprjs n,

lines

av

fxfy

Ti 81] (f)e'poio

seems better than the

the very best some of the lines

rhythm and not much sense.

modern

xf^"^('''t'''j")

epxtTni

;^fXi5o/a

MdpTT) pov KnXe

avoi^iv

an

rfjv

(in their

common

reading

pf'ya

da\ncraav'

Ka\ (jiXi^dpT) (pXi^epe

av

a'

little

p. xxviii

i.

Maprrj,

Kiidijae kci) XdXrjae.

;^to'io-?7S',

At

n.

present state) seem to have

Fauriel, Chants de la Grece mod.,

t'lcnrpriv

8r]

av TTOVTiarjs

irdXe

pvpi^m.

According to Bent (Cyclades, 1885, p. 434) the Swallow-song is still

Cf.
sung in Kythnos (Thermia) and in Macedonia, on March I.
Grimm, D. Myth. p. 723 Swainson, Prov. Names of British Birds,
;

p. 50, &c.,

A
iv.

&c.

Cf. also the Kopwv'KTfxa, supra,

Melancholy Bird.

The

8 dp(})i.nepiTpv^ov(ri

myth

p^eAiSovfy,

Mnasalc.

ix,

;;^6Xi8or/:

39

oufie

Gk. Anth.

6ep'iT(i>v

i.

S'
\

fts

f'fie

xii,

jBdXXovat.

tdnpv

Gk. Anth.
dXX
.

enonas KpavafjV

ai/Xiv ((pe^opfvai.

125 rpavXa piwpopiva, Uavbiovi irapOive,

riTrre navapfpios yodeis dva
Xe;(coi'.

d\l/apeva

^a)i/g|

85}pa

57 Uavdiovi Kappnpe Kovpa,

Toaov Bpijvrjcrfv dv wpea paKpd ;^eXtSd)i'.

Anth. Pal.

v. KOpwi'T].

Agath.

of Itylus.

es

"ItvXov KXaloire Kar ovpea, Ka\ yodoire

Trjpeos ov

s.

ix.

pvpopeval Mosch.

Nonn. Dlon.

iii.

paSSUTl,

&C., &C.

The Itylus-myth has been already discussed

s.

vv. dT]8w'

and

67ro\|/.

In the association together of the Swallow and the Nightingale, a curious

The
feature is the similarity of the poetical epithets applied to both.

and the inclusion of Pandion in the myth, whatever

seem to me to have something to do with
the festival of the llavSia, which took place at Athens perd to. ^.tovvaia
that is to say, at or near the Vernal Equinox, and not far
(Photius)
epithet UavSiovU,

they

may

exactly mean,

from the time when the x^^^^oviapa

Photius that UavSla

is

name

is

for the

still

sung.

Moon,

is

The statement

of

also of great interest,

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

190
XEAIAQN

{continued).

especially in connexion with the Swallow's relation towards the un-

doubtedly solar

errov//'.

Deprived of Sleep.

Hesiod

V. H,

ap. Ael.

20

xii.

rr]v

hi

x^^'^o''"

ovK fs TO TTavTeKfs aypvivvdv kol TavTT]v, aiT0^t^\r)Kevai. de rov vnvov to

apa Tavrrjv tKrivovai 8ia to nddos to Iv QpOKr] KaTuToX-

rjUKTv' Tifxatpiav 8e
fxrjdev

TO is to helnvov

d(f)!r]pi

Cf. Himerius, Orat.

to adeap-ov.

eKi'ivo

How the

Other Myths and Legendary Allusions.

her young, being blind at
(xeXiSoi/toj/),

Phil. 20.

en

3, p.

432

by means

sight

first,

mother brings

of a

certain

to

herb

which men have often sought in vain Ael. ii. 3, iii. 24,
H. A. ii. 17, 508 b, vi. 5, 563 Toiv he veoTTcou av tis

for

Cf- Arist.

bppoTa

vecov ovtcov Trjs ;^eXiSoi'OS to.

TTova-LvvaTepov

also

De

Gen.

iv.6.

On

the ^fXiSof/a or

epilepsy, &c., see

Theoph. Nonn.

Plin.

iii.

5e Koi rntj xe\i86ai tois ^AttikoLs tov pvBov (Kelvov tov QpuKiov.

27.

viii.

(KKepTtjarj, yivovTai vyiels nai /SXf-

774 b

Antig. Mirab. 72 (78), 98 (106);

Swallow-stone,' a cure for blindness,

'

36, Diosc.

de hirundine, Plin.

ii

xi.

133 'the wondrous stone which the

Swallow Brings from the shore of the sea to restore the sight of its
79, xxxvii. 56;

fledglings

'

Evangeline,

cf.

I. ii.

Baring-Gould, Myths of the M. Ages

Hence the ashes

xxiv. p. 523, 1866, &c.

for cataract, Plin. xxix. 38

Galen,

swallow, a remedy for the bite of a

How

Opp. Hal.

Vip6ev vTTf^
pr]Tt]p oe

6p(')(})oio

v.

579

<^^

onoT

^'

Boiled

dog, Plin. xxviii. (10) 43.

0T Tvaihai\ ddptjar] (fidipeuovs,

|

17

6'

68 1

el

Koi tovs pev Kareneipfe

ovk(ti (pv^iv oXedpov

pt)

hUr]!'

jSo^pdCei

{s.

dead

frjTTidxoicri]
.

Xoiyca TeTpiyv'in <{)6vov yoov' oX\'

Swallows likened

twittering of

Ar. Av.

hi^erai, nX\'

elXelrai pecrtp' opvtv t\r] naihoKTOPOs

tongues, Aesch. Ag. 1050 x^^i-^dvos

of her

opToKix^oim ;^f\i5ocri

Tvxa>v ocpis hjX'- TTeXdaarrj

npcoTov pev aTvCopeft] hehuprjTai

vnal yevveaai hpaKovTos

pevri.

remedy

Fac. Simpl. Med. Ch.

the mother immolates herself over the bodies

children

The

De
mad

Lebour, Zoologist,

of Swallows are a

to the
\

dyvcoTa

/3a/3a^ft,

avT^aiv

citt].

speech of barbarous
(ficovrju ^dp^apov KfKTrj-

(SariCei, ^av^ei, TiTv^l^ei,

&C.) y axTTxep ai ^^fXifioi/ef.

Hence 6 ;^eXtSa)i/=6 ^dpISapos, cf. Ion. ap.
Schol. Ar. Av. 1680; Ar. Ran. 680.
Similarly, Eur. Alcmen. fr. 91
XeXidovuiv pova-ela, explained by Hesych. u>s ^dp^apa Kai davvera ttolovvToiv TOiV TpayiKcov: cf.

also Suidas.

Ar. Ran. 93 ;^eXtS()i/a)i/ povae'in, Xiol^rjToi Texvr)s. See

288 (Mein.) el to (rvvexw naX noXXa kcu

Cf. Nicostr. 3.

Taxecos XaXelv
(r(orf)poveaTepai

rjv
|

tov cppoveiv irapdo'Tpiov, at

The Pythagorean
ap.

Iambi.

Arist.

fr.

noielaOai.

;(6Xi6oi'es

eXeyovT

av

rjpuiv

noXv.

Adhort.,

injunction
xxi,

may

x^^'^'J^'ci

be

e'u

thus

oiKia

pi)

hexfo-Sm,

understood

Pythag.

of foreigners

Hesych. TovTeaTi XdXovs dvdpdinovs Spoipocplovs pfj

Other explanations in Plut. Symp. viii. 7 ;^eAiScbi' TJj cf)vaei

192, 1512 b,

piadv6pii)nos, napdSeiypa tov d/3e/3aiOD Kal dxaplcTTOv

Diog. Laert.

viii. 17,

XEAIAQN

XEAIAAN

191

{continued).

Clem. Alex. Strom,

p. 578,

238, &c.

v. p.

Vide Class. Rev.

891, pp.

230.

I,

On Swallows commonly building within the house, consult Darnel,

Tour through Greece, p. 40, 1819, and recent travellers: on their
entering ancient temples,

How

Clem. Alex. Protrept.

cf.

iv.

De

Aegyptiac. ap. Plut.

Fluv. Nil.

KoK\a)Tes KoKovyLivoC tovtovs, Kara

Tov vStiTOS Tov

po'i^ovj

Tt)u

dae^eiav tou NeiXov, a-vWtyovaai

and Q. (7) v. p. 346.

There is perhaps an
Te'ixos in

oirep enexfi

t>]v \a3pav.

allusion to this legend in the story of the building

Ar. Aves, in which account

we may note

the references

not only to the Swallow but to Egypt and Egyptian birds.

jecture

there

is

no distinct
in v.

1 1

White Swallows.
\evKos yiveTui.

Mynd.

This con-

on Rutherford's demonstration (supra cit.) that

reference to mud-;z<?j-/-building on the part of the

partly based

is

Swallow

Cf.

Ogilby's Fables of Aesop, 1651, p. 54, ciL N.

Cf. also

Plin. X. (33) 49.

Te'i}(Oij

ovK (Q KaroKKviTpS (^delpfcrdni

Ku'i

Thrasyllus in

11 59 yewSavrcn be koL aXXoi Xt'^ot,

ii.

^eXtSdre?, KaraiTKevd^ovcn to Trpoaayopevofxevov ^eXtbui'Lov

of the

52.

the Swallows restrain the overflow of the Nile

H. A.

Arist.

De

Cf.

Color,

ap. Ael. x. 34.

12,

iii.

519 othv

-^vxri y'lyvrjTni.

De

798, Theophr.

vi.

White Swallow

Sign.

vi.

pdWov,
2,

Alex.

Samos (connected with

in

the story of i-ecovered sight), Arist. ap. Ael.

xvii. 20,

Antig. Mirab.

120 (132).
Is hostile to bees, Ael.

(cf. ibid. v. 11,

58

i.

Phile, 650)

yoY] TTjv \ekih6va albol t^? /jovcriKJjs (cf. Ael. vi.

paSlcos

av airrju tovto 8pd(Tni>Tes' andxp'] be

TrXyja-iou ra>v (rip^XaJV Ka\iai>

ol

be [/^eXtrroup-

9) ovk dnoKTeivovaL, Kniroi

KcoXveiv

civto'ls

Trjv

Cf. also Virg. G. iv. 15

vnonrj^ai.

p^eAtSdra

Chaucer,

P. of Fowles, 353, 'the swalow, mordrer of the bees small,' &c.

Captures TtTTiyes, Ael. viii. 6, Plut. ii. 976 C, Phile, 713 cf. Even, xiii, supra
;

cit.,

Hostile to

p. 186.

(riX(pai

Ael.

^y

i.

al alXcjinL to. cod dbiKoiJcnv'

ovkovv

al prjTepes aeXivov Koprju Trpoj^aXXofTui tcop ^pecpcov, kol eKeiuais to ivTevBev

a^uTd

ea-Tiv

cf.

plant) Eurip.

Phile, 738,

Alcm.

fr.

Geopon.

91 ttoXvs

b'

xv.

I.

Is

fond of ivy

Dionysiac

(a

dvelprre Kiacros, ev(pv>]s /cXdSoy,

x^Xiboviou
|

fiovaeiov.

In Augury.

Ael.

Swallows nesting

omen, as
1.

c.

eva

f(TTai,

342 Tipdrai be

tj

x^^^^o)v Beols

pvxion

Kn\'A(ppoblTr].

the general's tent were (very naturally) an evil

in the cases of

Alexander, son of Pyrrhus and Antiochus, Ael.

but by returning to the citadel foretold the safe home-coming of

Dionysius
els

X.

in

ra

S'

c).

(1.

x^pov

See also Ar.

Ly^s.

yyo dXX' onoTav

ttttj^oxtl x^^i-b6ves

tous enoTrns (pevyovcrai, anocrxaiVTai Te (paXrjTwv

vnepTepa vepTepa

Koi dvanraPTai nrepvyecraiv

di^aei

Zeus v^i^pepeTrji

e^ Upov vaoio

oTiovv KaTaTTvyciiveaTepov dvai

;^eXiSd/es',

rjp

Tj-aiiXa

ovKeTi bo^ei

the above passage

is

KnKa>v

be bia(TTu>aiv
\

opveov ovb^

entirely mystical

'

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

192
XEAIAflN

{continued).

and obscure. How Swallows that had built in Cleopatra's galley were
expelled by others before Actium, Plut. Anton. Ix, i. 944 a cf. Ant. and
The Swallow
CI., Swallows in Cleopatra's sails Have built their nests.'
that fluttered round Alexander's head as an omen of treachery, Arr.
Anab. i. 25 t\]v yap )(\i.86pn (rvvrpocjiov re eivai opviQa k<u evvovv dvBpanrots
o'XXjjj/ opvida.
See Class. Rev. 1891, p. 231.
Kcn AaAoi- paWov
;

'

fj

Sign of Rain.

Arat. Phen. 944

fj

Xipurju irepi Srjda ;(eXtSoi'ej dta-aov-

TVTTTOVcrai avraii fiXevpeiiov

yncTTfpi

Tfii

vScop

Theoph. Sign.

cf.

vi.

I,

Virg. G.

377-

i.

Fables. The Swallow and the Nightingale, vide s. v. dTjSwr. The

Swallow and Eagle, Plut. ii. 223 F. The Wise Swallow and the Hen,
Aes. 342 (ed. Halm). The Crow and the Swallow, to pev aov KokXos
TTjv eapLvrjV

oapav dv6(1, to Be ipov (raipa Koi

The Crow

(or the

;(i/icji't

Swans) and the Swallow,

fiX^s, oTTov Tprjdeia-rjs

ToaavTa XoXeir, Aes. 4

ti

6,

irapaTeiueTai,

av enoirjaas,

Aes. 415"

fl ttjv

yXarrav

The Swallow and

416 b.

other Birds, Aes. 417, 417 b. The Sv>'allow building in the Law-court,
o'lpoi TTJ ^evj], OTi ev6a irdpTes diKniovvrai, povrj eycoye rjdiKTjpai, Aes. 4'^)

418 b

The Swallow

Babr. 118.

cf.

XEAnNO<t>A'roi.

said to

The name

kind of Eagle or Vulture, Hes}xh.

Lammergeier.

suggests the

out of due season, Babr. 131.

be now applied

In Sparta the

name

;^eX&)via/)7;s

is

to Aqtiila imperialism but surely not to

Lammergeier.

the exclusion of the

The Lammergeier does indeed eat tortoises, as has been mentioned

above and it may accordingly be held that the name ^fXcow^ciyo?
;

is

manifestly so simple a descriptive term as to throw doubt

my

on

astronomical interpretation of the Eagle that slew the Serpent

But

or the Swan.
the Tortoise

the Eagle as

is

it

curious to note that the constellation of

much the same relation to that of

Swan moreover the Tortoise forms
Lyra, another name for which is the

placed in very

is

that of the

is

part of the constellation

Vulture, and to the latter

hosdle.

It

is

'

bird

'

the Eagle

is

said also to be

only natural that those astronomical

should be the most

commented

on, which are

hostilities

somewhat akin

to

zoological fact or possibility.

XE'NNION,

s. xet'i'iwi'.

kind of Quail, eaten pickled by the Egyptians.

Athen.

ibi

cttt.,

ix.

&c.

393 c piKphv

S'

1(jt\v

Pall. Alex, xxi,

pivoi akpvpa TTiivra

xevvia

Bent (Cyclades, 1885,

(cat

p. 128)

oprlyiov

Gk. Anth.

iii.

cf.

Cleomen. and Hipparch.

119

ripel^

S'

eadiopev kskXt]-

Tvpov9, XV^^ ohiaTu Xinrj.

potted or pickled quails are

According
still

to

eaten in

XEAIAIiN XHN

XENNION

(continued).

DeVoc.

Santorini. Jablonsky,

have been a

to

1856, Suppl.

XH'N.

Egypt., ap. Steph. Thes., suspects

Eg. sche.

locust,

See also Hercher

Goose.

Ger.

also Venant. Fortunat, Miscall,

a borrowed word

The connexion
Gk. Anth.

with

546)

vii.

frequent

Antip. Sid. Ixxxviii, Gk. Anth.

birds,

Od.

Ael.

is

Eubul.

xT'^'o''<05j

The Geese

31.

ii.

irreg. plur. in

Dim.

47, Eust. 753. 56

vii.

usually with the epithet npyos

Keller)

nTrjvas fjKpoj36Xi^ x^"'^^-

x^'''-S"'s,

Menipp. ap. Athen. 664 e;

Hom.

/^j/^?

An

doubtful (Curt.).

xa'"*" is

258 (A. P.

iv.

11,

vii. 4,

',

O. H. G. gaiizo (Keller), Engl, gannet.

cf.

Hdn. Epim. 150

Xiii'apiot',
XTji'ioj',

M^s)
x*?"
X""^ oi" X^"* (cf. mV"
Lat. ga7ita (the small wild northern species, Plin. x.

G^a.r.

(22) 27

tame

;\;eVi'ioi'

Jahn's Annal.

in

p. 285.

i.

Sk. hansa, hamsa, L. {h)aiiser.

In

193

cf. xapoTroj/ x^'^^j

Odyssey are

in the

always wild,

xv. 161, 174, xix. 536, in the Iliad

211.

3.

460,

II. ii.

Remains of the bird are not known from ancient Troy or

Mycenae (Schliemann and Virchow, /este Keller, Th.d. cl. Alt., p. 288).

XV. 690.

Description.
Ael.

TToSof.

xi.

(TTopinxos evpiis
reXevTTji',

Arist.

H. A.

I,

ii.

499 exovai

27 opvis areyauoTTOvs Kal

/cat

H. A.

Arist.

nXarvs, u7TO(j)vd8es oXiyai Karadep Kara

orav

aldaiiov (pavepoirepov

oxevOelaai KaTciKoXvp^oocriv

ti]v

nxeia Trp6cr(})aTOs ^.

fj

564

ibid. 8,

rau axKTfJ-aTmu

tl bin fxeaov

TrXaricoi/u^.

a'l

TTp\ TpiciKovB'

Their splay

7, I.

expressed by

Festus
3.

its

cf.

Tjiifpas'.

Diphil.

splashing

De

Varro,

Av.

feet alluded to, Ar.

x^^'-C^'-v,

R. R.

movements

iii.

The

145.

413, ira-nndCiiv,

4.

7,

509

lb. vi. 2,

560 b

6i]\fLai encpd^ovai povai, kol bia-

fxivovcn 8ia iravros etpebpevovaai, oravnep ap^avrai tovto TTOielv

eVwd^ft

ii. 1

tov evrepov

10,

ibid. 6,

Colum.

563
viii.

goose's cackle

is

Pollux, Lat. gingrire,

J.

water by nXaTvyi^eiv, Eubul.

in t^ie

260.

Eggs.

Eriph.

ap. Athen.

y fpo\ toKel'
56 B, ap. Athen.

eoTiV, coy
fr.

(1. c.)

oioj'

1.

(prjai

The Fable

Migrations.

Ael.

v.

kol peydXa.

Aijbav reKelv.

ri)v

Were

Maiavbpiov.

v. 14.)

54

"'

Simon,

derovs

De

ovv
to.

ep^aXovres

noXXa

(r(f)i(Ti

^^

X'^"^^

aropiov,

TavTrj 8iaXapddvovai.

Soil. Anim. p. 967 B

Sacred to Osiris and

Phile,
Isis,

X'F^'-'

fr.

11

Halm

343 b;

346 et seq.
biauei^ovres tou Tavpov to opos

bebaiKaai roiis derovs, koi eKaaros ye avrcou Xi6ov efbciKovres, iva

axnrep

B.

Sappho,

(Cf.

not eaten by the Indians,

of the Golden Egg, Aesop, ed.

Keller, Gesch. d. Gr. Fab. p.

cf.

raira

c, Clem. Alex. Homil.

Te x^l^os aeov

Ael. xiv. 13.

58 b aa \evKd ye

ii.

ovroi be

De

Cf.

Dion.

An. Pr.

Pausan.

also Philip. Thess. 10 (Gk. Anthol.

BiaireTOVTai

ii.

x.

prj

(TiwTToivTei,

De

Avib.

ii.

KXd^coaiv,
Kai

18

rovs
Plut.

xv.

32, 16;

cf.

Juv. vi. 540; see

197) ttoXiov xi^^v C^iyos e'wbpo-

;;

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

194

XHN

{continued).

j3i<ov

whose

The Geese
32

used

priests

Pharaohs, Diod.

Sic.

it

food, Herod,

as

and the sacred

Aen.

I,

488 b opveou

the

Ael.

655, Plin.

viii.

x.

xii.

26,

Cf. ref. to the bird's watchfulness, Arist.

453.

i.

did

as

84.

i.

of the Capitol, sacred to Juno, Diod. Sic. xiv. 116

xxix. 14, Ovid, Fasti,

i.

37

ii.

cats, ibid.

Liv. V. 47, Cicero pro Roscio, 20, Virg.

cf.

H. A.

70,

i.

Kai (f)v'KaKTiK6v

al(TxvvTT]X6tf

Vedas (Zimmer, Alt.-ind. Leben,

the waker goose.'
Its wisdom,

also noted in the

p. 90, aV. Keller)

'

Ael. v. 29,

also Chaucer,

cf.

Ovid, Met.

cf.

684,

viii.

599 canibus sagacior anser.

xi.

Sacred to Venus

Cyprus (Cesnola, Cyprus,

in

and to Priapus,

pi. vi)

Petron. Sat. 136, 137.

The Goose was sacrificed to Isis and Osiris in Autumn (Paus. i.e.), as
by the ancient Germans to Woden at Michaelmas (Keller, op. c. p. 301).

An

erotic bird

cian, ibid.

i.

a goose enamoured of a boy, Ael.

and

of a philosopher, ibid.

vii.

29

v.

of a musi-

Cf. Ael. iv.

41.

54

Mor. 972 F.
A lover's gift, Ar. Av. 707.
Hence, in Mod. Gk., a term of endearment, x^"^ 1^"} ""aTTTrtn /xou
{TTa-mrla meaning a duck, but cf. Ar. Vesp. 297, &c.).
Portends, in
dream-prophecy, the birth of a wanton maid, Artemid. Oneirocr. iv. 83.
Goose-fat as an aphrodisiac, Plin. xxviii. (19) 80, &c. On sacrifices of
the Goose vide Gust. Wolff, Porphyr. De Phil., Ex Orac. Haur. Libr.

Athen.

606 c

xiii.

Plut.

Reliq., Berlin, 1856;

cf.

Philologus xxviii.

symbolism of the Goose, see

Tame Geese
iKerfvco, Tpe(f)eiv

Ka\ Kexrjvora

Eubul. ap. Athen.

avOpamov ear' avdpauov av

iepol yap 01 X^"*^ ' *'"

1. c.
the Indian king, Ael. xiii. 25.

Fatted Geese, Epigen. ap. Athen.

&c.

fie,

xxi,

Eubul.

Gk. Anth.

&c.

2Tf(}). ibid,

prj

av

xii.

519

exTI Z^""')

kui
I

fie

t/aols

ix.

xn^(^

yap

\|/vx')'^

nepia--

nXaTvyl^ovTa

h X^^'^

in the temples

384 acrnep xi^a

17

*"'

ttoVo) koXXlov,

Brought as

avarpetpopfvoi.

xii'"s rjnap

the erotic

423.

iv. p.

They were kept

Mor. 958 E.

Plut.

cf.

Artemid.
gifts to

Symb.

also mentioned. Soph. Fr. 745 ndacrov

Tepav, ecpeartov oiKeTiv re.

On

p. 189, 1869.

Creuzer,

{inf. al.)

o-treuroi/ 'irpf^e

^'x"^

Pall. Alex,

cf Juv. v. 114, Colum. xiv. 8,

favourite food of the younger Cyrus, Xen. Anab. i. 9, 26.
iii,

119

x'T'os aXia-To. Xinr]

Given by the Egyptians to Agesilaus, Athen. 1. c.

Brought from
Boeotia to the Athenian market, Ar. Ach. 878, Pax 1004
kept likewise in Macedonia and in Thessaly, Plat. Gorg. 471 C, Polit. 264 C.
Cf. Plut. ii. 210 c, Plin. x. (22) 27, &c.
They were kept, but not eaten, by the Celtic inhabitants of Britain,
;

Caes. Bell. Gall.

On

v.

goose-livers

12

very

much

as at the present day.

x'?'e'a rjirara, cf. (z/. a/.)

Geopon. xiv. 22, Plin. x. 52, Hon

xiii. 58, and many Comic fragments.
ap.

Athen,

1.

c, Diod.

i.

74

Sat.

Athen.

ii.

8,

384, Plut.

ix.

ii.

88, Juv. v. 114,

goose-herd,

x'lvoi^oa-Kos,

a goose-farm or goose-pen,

965 a
Mart,

Cratin.

;tf;i^o,'3ocrKeJoi/,

XHN XHNAAnnHE
XHN

I95

{continued^.

Varro, R. R.

Colum.

On

iii.

10,

;^r;i/o/3o(rKioi/,

i,

Geopon.

cf. xr\vo^a)r'M, Plat. Polit.

1,3;

viii.

xiv.

12,

xr]varpn^i''iov,

I,

264 C.

goose-fat, or goose-flesh, in medicine, Plin. xxix. 38, Nicand. Alex.

228, Celsus,

&c.

18,

ii.

30, Galen,

Alexiph.

c.

feathers

and down,

the blood, in medicine, ibid. xxix. 33, cf. Diosc.

xi. i.
On the use and value of the

Comp. Medic,

Plin. x. 53;

Hesych,

cf.

\ivovi' t6 XeTTTOTarov itTepov,

Kvpicos 8e To>u x^ff^"'

Eubul.

known

ITpo'/cp.

i.

(3.

247 M),

ytiXa xv^o^j

pigeons' milk,' of an un-

luxury.

Destructive to the crops, Babr. 13, Aesop, 76.

Arat. IO21 koX x^''^^ KXayyrjdoi/

A weather prophet,

Cf.

Xeifiavos fieya aijfia.

Aratea, 432

Theophr. Sign.

vi. 3

iirfiyofievai ^patfioio

Geopon.

i.

3,

Avien.

Suid.

Capture by decoys, Dion. De Avib. iii. 23 see also Nemes. Cyn. 314.
Killed by laurel, ^I'Kpvj] and po8o8a(f)vT], Ael. v. 29, Phile, De An. xv.
;

Use the herb sideritis as a remedy, Plin. viii. 27.

The Oath of Socrates, vx] tov x'!^"; probably for ptj rbv
Av. 521 an oath prescribed by Rhadamanthus (Suid.).

Zvjva

De

vi,

airavTi

Vita Apoll.

Xoyw

c.

9; Cratin.

155 (Mein.) ols

2.

rjv

Ar.

cf.

Cf. Philostr.

fieyiaTos opKoi\

kvcov, 'imiTa xh''-

Associated with Aquarius, in

representation of

the

month

of

February (doubtless with reference to Juno, cf. s. v. raws), Graev. Thes.

Ant. Rom. viii. 97 cf. Creuzer, Symb. iii. p. 626.
See for a further account of the Goose in classical art and mythology,
O. Keller, Thiere d. CI. Alterth., pp. 286-303.
;

XH

6 p,iKp6s, dyeXaios.

N"

wild species, unidentifiable, mentioned in Arist. H. A.

593

b, 12,

XHNAAfi'riHZ,
Ael.

vii.

597

3,

s. x^i'tiXwiJ/,

s.

Yr\vi\ui^,

Dim.

Hesych.

x^i'a^wTreKiScus,

47.

The Egyptian Goose, Chatalopex

Trr/i/eXox//-

viii.

b.

aegypiiaca,

Steph.

This and

are both probably renderings of an Egyptian word, cor-

rupted by false etymology.

Arist.

H. A.

viii.

3,

593 b, mentioned

birds, after o piKpus X'l" ^ a-yeXatoy.

Xrjvoi, iravovpylav

among

Ael. v. 30

8e diKaioTara avTiKp'ivoLTO av

the heavier web-footed

e;^et
ttj

pev yap to elBos to tov

dXcoTre/ct.

koI i'aTi pev

XVfos PpaxvTfpos, dvdpeioTepos 8e, Koi x^P^~^^ opoae Beivos. apvveTai yoiv
Koi asTov Ka'i alXovpov Koi to. XotTra, ocro avTov nvTiTTaXa fcmv.
Reverenced
in
rjv

Egypt

for parental affection, Ael. x. 16,

Koi 6 xi^'^^'^^^^j

'^d'-

ravTci toIs nep^i^i

xi.

38 (piKoTeKvov 8e

8pa.

kol

yap oiTOS

clpa

irpo

(wov

Tmv

veoTTOiV tavTov kvXUi, koi ei'8i8a)aii' eXTTi'Sn co? BrjpaaovTi avTov tcS imovTi'
01 8e

dnoSiSpaa-Kovaiv iv tw

As an

recof.

hieroglyphic symbol, meaning

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

ig6

XHNAAnriHH
'

son,'

'^contimicd).

Horap.

i.

53

Bailey in Class. Journ. xvi.

cf.

Lauth, Sitzungsber. Bayer, Akad., 1876,

su-ra = vi6s 'H^lov.

Rosetta stone ^>s.

ii.

With cognomen

72.

Mentioned also

XHNE'Pi:2I.

cites

Sacred to the Nile, Herod.

Its

vnrjvfULa tIktu, Arist.

586.

ii.

who

Av. 1295.

eeoyevrjs, Ar,

to the peacock's, Athen.

and especially
from the

p. 320,

105,

p.

eggs second only

H. A,

vi. 2,

559

b.

Plin. x. (22) 29.

small kind of Goose, Plin. x. (22) 29 et quibus lautiores

epulas non novit Britannia, chenerotes, fere ansere minores.

Name

XHNOIKO'noi.

De An.

of an Eagle, Phile,

Cf.

Pr. (15) 376.

nf)TTO(|)6kos.

An unknown

XAflPEY'Z.
all

Hesych. 6pvi6apiov
yap

rrjv

and

to Tpvyav

rpvyova 6

niwpa

De

ix. l,

609

-nokefnoi

twv opvldav

Kni ;^X(Bpci'j, rpvyaiv Koi )(\a>pevs'

ano-

Hostile to rpvywv, also in Ael. v. 48

)(\a)pevs.

Kopa^, Phile,

H. A.

Arist.

xKaspou.

TTOLKiXides <ai Kopv^Qives Kal

KTfivei

statements regarding which are

bird, the

fabulous.

An. Pr. 690

to coj-viis, Plin. x. (74) 95

noctu invicem ova exquirentes. Supposed by Gesner and Sundevall

to be identical with x^wpi'wp', and by Gaza with x^<'pis, q. v.

The Greenfinch, Frmgilla Moris,

XAflPl'Z.
^linpi

Cf.

It.

Arist.
e;)^6t

(Erh.p. 44, Von derMiihle,

^Xo'pi,

(Heldr.).

verdone, &c.

H. A.

fi>XP^'

]Mod. Gk.

L.

p. 47), in Attica o-7riyya'ptos

592 b opvis

viii. 3,

aK(oXT]K.o<jidyos.

r]\iKov earl KopvBos' TiKvei coa

rerrapa

lb. ix. 13,

tj

615 b ra Kara

nevre' veoTTiav

Troie'irai

eK Tov avp(pvTov eXKovaa npoppi^ov, crTpapara S' viro^iiWei rpixas koi fpia.

The cuckoo
Ael.
TijV

iv.

KaXuiv

lays in

its

47 XXcopt?
7j

re Ka\ opv^ai

nest,

which

placed in a

is

tree, ibid. 29, 618.

ovop.a opvidos, {jwep ovv ovk av ak\axi}6ev TTOiTjcraiTO

eK TOV XfyofMevov avpipvTov' '4cm 8e pi^a to aip(f)VTOv (vpe6rjva.L

;^aXf7r;}.

(rrpoDfxvrjV

de v7ro/3dXXerat rpi^as urn

Kal 6 p.ev

i'pia.

OrjXvs bpvis ovTco KeKkr]Tai, 6 8e apprjv, ^Xc^picovn KoXovatv avTvv, Ka\ ecTTi tov

^lov p7])^aviK6s,

jxaBe'iv

re irav o ti ovv aynBos, kuI tXtj^cov vnoixe'ivai ttjv iv tc3

fiavBdveiv ^dcravov, orav dXw.

OVK av iSot Tis avTov,

av eTTLCpaivoLTO,

rjpival Se

Ka\ bia pev tov

;)(et/xa)i'Oj

acf^fTov Kn\

eXfvdepov

otov vndp^oavTai TponaX tov erovs, rrjviKavT

ApKTOvpus T eneTdXev,

6 8e dj'a;^a)pt es

Ta 0iKe7a, onodev

Kal 8evpo eaTuXt].

According to Nicand. ap. Anton. Lib. c. ix, one of the Emathides,

daughters of Pierus, was metamorphosed into the bird xXwp/y.

On

the plant avpcpvTov see also Diosc.

Lindermayer,

I.e.,

p. 62,

iv. 10,

Fraas, Fl.

CI., p. 163.

says that the Greenfinch builds abundantly in

the olive-groves of Attica,

making

its

nest always of the

same

material,

XHNAAfinHE XYPPABOI

197

XAiiPlI {continued).
the roots of a species of SyDiphytian
Ael.

1.

the bird

c.

lined with black goats' hair.

(?),

confused with the Golden Oriole,

is

xkuypiinv,

In

which

migrates in winter, while the Greenfinch does not.

XAnPrflN,

xXwpeToi/, Suid.

s.

Qi.ljaX. galbula (galbus

rigogolo,

The Golden
(Von der

Oriolus galbida,

Oriole,

ix. I,

yei'eadcn eK nvpKa'ias.

aureolus

on'oliis qu.

It.

p. 152).

L.

Gk.

IMod.

M.), KirpwonovKi (Cyclades, Erh.),

H. A.

Arist.

= gelb = yellow):

from auri-galbulus (Diez,

(ra-xKaloi

a-vKocpdyos

(Kriiper).

609 b fpe^ noXefxios tco ^(Xwpiaivi, ov tvioi nvdoXoyovcri

Ibid. 15,616b xkoapicop Se paBe'iu p.ei> dyados Ka\ /3to/^r;-

Xcivos, KaKoneTTjs de, Kal XP"'"' e'x^' po^drjpdv.

)(\aip6s oXos' ovTOs Tou ^(etpSit'a

(j)avpos pcikiara ylveraij

ovx

617

Ibid. 22,

o Se

xkwpiwv

ras rpoTras ras depivas

opaTiit, Trepl 8e

aTraXXarrernt Se orau ApKToipos (TTiTeXXrj, to Se

^

peyedits (utiv oaov rpvyuiv.

Cf. Ael. iv. 47,

SUpra

S. V.

x\u)pi<5

'.

Plin. x.

(29) 45-

The Oriole arrives in Greece in April, and appears in great numbers

among the figs in August (Von der Miihle, &c.). Of the above accounts
and contains a suggestion

in Aristotle, the first is clearly mythical,

the Phoenix

Wimmer

myth

see in

in nest-building

the second

^iop.r]xa^'os

is

de dire

XPYZA'ETOI.
cussed

far

ici

Bufifon,

cf.

M. des

Ois. v. 351

que, selon toute apparence, Aristote n'a

'

Je

connu

'

Golden Eagle,' a mystical name, already

dis-

deros.

account in Ael.

ii.

39

Spdrai be ov ttoWukis.

KoKovdiv.

to the Oriole's surpassing skill

oui-dire.'

The

S. V.

A fabulous

an allusion

from accurate

Golden Oriole,
que par

of

equally obscure, though Aubert and

while the third, though undoubtedly referring to the

me contenterai
le loriot

is

Xeyei.

pe^povs Koi Xaya)S Kni yepdvovs Kal

(ipai nenicTTevTai, koi Xeyovcr'i

ye kol

Beadai avrop Kara to Kaprepop,

k.t.X.

XPYIOMH'TPII.

V.

11.

XP^'^'^^'''^^'

pvcrofj.?]TpLs,

be

_\;j;j'a9

els

uXXol be dcrTepinv top avriv

Api(TTOTeXr]s avrop drjpav Kal

f|

avXr]S.

peyiaros be dercop

rovs Kprjras kol toIs ravpois eniTi-

xP'^'^^i^'-'^P^^'

Transl.

Aun'vi/tis,

Gaza.

The Goldfinch,
Arist.

H. A.

yap irdvTa

eiii

Fringilla carduelis, L.

viii.

3,

592b, mentioned with

ratp dKavOatp pep.eTai, aKoiXrjKa 8

ep TavTcS be Kadevbei Ka\ pep-erai ravrn.

so

little

definite record of the

It is

aKovQis,

ovbep ovb

dpavnis.
epL'<\rvx'^v

ravra
ovbe'p'

remarkable that we have

is now,

Goldfinch, which in Greece

according to Lindermayer, next to the Sparrow the commonest of birds.

XY'PPABOZ-

oppis Tis 77oi6s,

Hesych.

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

198
^J'A'P, s. vl/dp

also

Ion.

|/tipos, s. \j/apos.

The Etymology
p.

v|/apixos,

\|/T)p,

Mod. Gk.

starling, Shirnus vulgaris, L.

Von

confused and doubtful.

is

103) finds in Gk.

Edlinger (op.

c.

O. H. G. sprd, Lith. spakas, a connexion

y}/iip,

with the root of nepK-vos, Lat. spar-gere,

But there also seems

Hesych.

-^apovt, fiavponovXt.

e.

i.

variegated, speckled.

be a connexion of Gk.

to

or (nrap-

<\ra.p

with the various names for sparrow, Goth, sparwa, O. Pr. sperglo,

Engl, starling,

as

Sec,

another

Ger. Staar,

stare.

L. sturtius,

The Hebr.

with tnp-ovQo^.

together

series

form

sippor

is

perplexingly similar.
In

Hom. always

wKei, o(TT

ecjiojirjije

KoXoLMV.

Arist.

coupled with the Jackdaw,

KoXotovs

H. A.

TTp\i'

Anth. Pal.

ii

apnaKTeipav epuKoyv

opv^ij

xl^apas

373

ix.

y^rapas,

20.

Stat. Silv.

ii.

4,

aTrepfiaros v'l^njeTrj Viiarovlav

apovpairjs

apnayas

by aKopobou,

Is killed

Tpe(f)ovTes.

De An. Pr. 660. Used as food,

On talking starlings, Plut.
xiii.

II. xvi. 583 "ipr]Ki toiKas

755 ^o-re -^apav pe(jios, rje

617 b 6 8e ^apos ea-rl noiKiXos' p4yedos 8'

Antipat. Sid. cv ap. Suid.
viii. 16, 600 c^coXei.

lb.

eyi> Knl ^lipii kcu

yepavov.

xvii.

26,

ix.

farlv 7]XUov k6ttv(})os.

Tf, yjrrjpai re.

Antiph. ap. Athen.

einopir]!.

Ael.

65

ii.

vi.

Diosc.

46, Phile,

e.

972 F, Plin. x. 59 (43), Aul. Gell.

18 auditasque memor penitus demittere voces,
ii.

Sturnus, &c.

Tav dXeKTpvoucdv

4'H'AHKEI'

vide

o-e'XKeg,

Also

4'ITTA'KH.

voBoyevmi,

ol

crepKos (Schmidt,

s. v.

Arrian, Ind.

i.

Parrot.

I5) 8 aiTraKovs 8e

Neapxos

Ivbav

oppn

eya

avdpMTrivrju.

let

Possibly akin to

(Paus., Ael., &c.), airraKos (Arr.), criTTaKt]

\j/i,TTaKOS

(Philost.), PiTTttKos (Ctes.).

oTi yivovTai iv rfj

Hesych.

ad Hesych.).

yfj,

koi oko'ios

fxep a>s

ti dcopa aivrjyeerai

drj

ecrrlv 6 criTTaKos, kol okcos (paii'rjv

de oti avTus re ttoXXovs orraTTea Kul ciXXovs eTTicrra-

pevovs ;5ea top opvida, ov8ep as vnep aTonov br]6ev

cnrrjyrjcropai.

597 b (spurious passage, A. and W.) oXas Se ra

yapy^ayvvxa Tvavra jSpaxvTpaxriXa Koi nXarvyXcoTTa Koi pLprjTiKa' koX yap to
Arist.

H. A.

'ivdiKou opyeov

viii.

rj

12,

yp-iTraKi],

to Xeyopevov avBpconoyXcoTTOV, toiovtop icrrC Ka\

uKoXaaroTepop Se yiverai orav

Pausan.
8' 'ipboiP

ii.

ixuj oivop.
(Cf. Plin. X. (42) 5SO
animals of restricted geographical range), Trapa

28, (on

popup (iXXa re

Kopi^erai, koi opviOes ol

^ittukoL

Died. Sic.

ii

al

8e rrjs Svpt'a? eaxaTia). yj/iTTUKOvs Ka\ TTop(pvpia>pas Koi peXeaypidas [eKTpi^OLiO"i].

Philostorg. 3

Ctes. ap. Phot.

KUL

(fxovi'iP

cf.

7rep\

Plut.

ii.

kci\

M^*' ^')

'^"''

''''}*'

o-iTTUKrjp

eKeWev

'icrpep

tov oppeov tov ^ittcikov, oti yXaxraap

272

Porph.

De

Abst.

iii.

Kopi^opeprjv.

cipdpoinli'rjp

Stat. I.e.

exd-

humanae

solers imitator, Psittace, linguae.

Athen.

ix.

ibid. 391 b,

387 d, parrots carried

in

Ptolemy's procession at Alexandria

mentioned as a mimic, with

kIttg and.

ctkwv//-.

*AP ftTIZ
vHTTAKH
Ael.

199

{continued).
vi.

xvi. 2,

19,

wisdom and vocal powers;

its

15,

reckoned sacred among the Brahmins

De

Dion.

Avib.

19

i.

^irraKtns

rots-

(V ai8)]pois (pfwvpelu dvayKalov,

miirjaeii

1]

18, is

'''H^

i]iJi.eTepns

kXqjISo'is

dXX"

yk(x>a(Trji 6}di]yr](re

ras

(jivais.

0pp. Cyn.

Is friendly to the wolf,

aWi]\oicn

ouf ovK iv ^vk'ivon

fie,

'^"''

fJ-exi"-

xiii.

xvi. 2, is of three species.

vefjLOVTai'

ii.

408,409

yl/irraKos

yap nodfovai Xvkoi noecrixpoov

alel

avre Xi/cot re aiiv

opviv.

The Indian parrots above alluded to are the common parrots of

Northern India, Psittacus {Palaeornis) Alexandri, L. (Cf. Val. Ball,
The parrots seen by Nero's army at
must have been another species, P. cubiculans,
the parrots described by Roman writers (Ovid,

Ind. Antiq. xiv. p. 304, 1885.)

Meroe

(Plin. vi. (29) 35)

Hass, and probably

Amor.
even

Plin. x.

ii. 4, Apul. Florid. 12, Persius

Prologue, and
came from Alexandria and belonged to that
described as green by Stat., ille plagae viridis

58)

(42)

They

species.

all

Statius, Silv.

6,

ii.

regnator Eoae

are

Ovid,

Tu

poteras virides pennis hebetare smaragdos,

Tincta gerens rubro Punica rostra croco,

Cf.

iS:c.

Sundevall, op.

cit.,

pp. 126, 127.

Hesych.

vH<J>ArON" ptKpou opviddpiov,

An

'ilKY'riTEPOI.
Cf.
'iiPl'nN,

s.

Hawk, used

epithet of a

specifically in Ael. xii. 4.

62, &c.

xiii.

11.

An unknown and

dpltiiv.

mystical bird.

an Indian bird, like a Heron, red-legged,

Nonn. Dion. xxvi. 201 coplcou, yXvKvs opvis,
blue-eyed, musical, amative.
Clit.

ap. Ael. xvii. 22

ofiolios p(f)povi KvKvco.

Cf. Strab. XV. 718.

This bird, always associated with the equally mysterious Karpevs,

evidently a poetic

and

creation, but

allegorical

what

signifies

it

is
is

unknown.
'iiJi'Z.

The

Also

ouTis,

Bustard,

/arda,

L.

including

IMod. Gk. aypioyoKXo^., Erh.

Houbara,
Lat. tarda,

Proximae

Galen, Hesych.

0//'s

whence Bustard^

eis (tetraonibus)

i.e.

also

the

ort'Sn,

Houbara, 0.

Von

der JMiihle.

avis Tarda, Plin. x. (22) 29

sunt quae Hispania aves tardas appellat,

Graecia otidas.
Description.
oXov'

Arist.

aTToCpvddns

iin^aivei to lippev,

e'x^'*

H. A.
^'^-

ii.

^- 2)

lb. vi. 6,

17,

'^

avyKadeiarji

563 eVwa^et

large birds, e.g. goose and eagle).

390

509 tqv OTopaypv

539

exei evpiv koL TrXarvv

Tijs drjXeias

enl rfju

iTep\ TpuiKovd' ijpepas (like

yi'jv

Other

Arist. Fr. 275, 1527 b, ap. Athen.

ix.

C fcrrt fiev tcov eKTOTVi^ofrav Koi (rx'Sct'OTroScoi' Koi rptSoKriXcoj', peyedus

aXeKTpvovos peyaXov, xpa>pa opTvyos,

XfTTTos, d(p6aXpol ptydXoi,

yXcoaaa

K((jinXr] TVpopijKTjs,

pvyxos "^v, rpdxiXos

dcrTw8r]s, ivpdXojiov S' ovk. ;^ft.

(This

A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS

200

AT

{continued).

last description is

Mod. Gk.

perhaps taken from the Little Bustard, O. ietrax,

Paus. x. 34, I ai Se oiTibes KoXovjjifvai napa top

;(;a/xoT/Sa.)

{top iv ^coklSi) lefxovT

Krj(f)ii7ov

[xaKnTa opvWuiv.

Xen. Anab.

Capture by Coursing, with horse and dog.

utrlbas

ris Ta)(y uvicrTrj eari \apu^uviiv' TrerovTai re

(iv

7rep8iKes Koi
1.

raxv anayopevovai'

Athen.

c).

Tov

\iyiiv

^A\(^av8peiav anb

Synes. Ep.

ap. Athen.
8e

'/'/

ns

Friendship for the horse.

<^)iKimT<WaTov anova

Mynd.

C.

1.

<paa\

yovv Tis 8opau

iii.

1.

to.

^aa ravra

oK-qOr]

ls

rrjv

Trpoaayopeveadai avTov \ayodblav.

C.

eKTunas

iiTiba ebcoKev, opveov

/cat

Ael.

ii.

28

ttjv

r]8u.

coWSa to ^woi/ opvldmv

ti)v Tpo<pj)u

xxxi. 7

dpaixnpvKaadac ^Sfcrdai re 'nrna,

drjpfvad.

irepidoiTO,

981 B)

(ii.

ilvai.

Alex.

"imrov 8e otuv 6ea(Tr]Tai, ^8LcrTa irpoaneTeTai.

avTOv Ka\

Ittttcov

Anim.

Cf. Plut. Sol.

Avib.

5'

yap irdfinoWa

oi

Plin.

cf.

napaKei^evrjs Aifivr]^, r^? 6i]pas nvTwv Toiavrrjs yivo-

rrjs

p. 165

iv.

8e Kpea avrav rj8ea icrriv (but

to.

cftepeadai

Mynd.

Alex.

p.evr]s.

3 ray 5e

5,

quoting Xenophon, adds from Plutarch,

d,

393

ix.

Si'o(f>r2vTa'

i.

yap ^paxv coanep

ocrovs
;

0pp. Cyn.

ii.

el

npoaiacri yap.

av de^jj'

406; Dion.

De

8.

Hostile to the dog, Ael.

v.

24,

and grossly deceived by the

fox,

ib. vi. 24.

Buffon and others have supposed from the name corij that the
Houbara (which is very rare in Greece) is chiefly meant
but the
etymology is doubtful the ears are not mentioned save by Oppian,
Cyneg. ii. 407 <uT/Ses, aiai TidrjXev del XaaiMTaTov ovas and besides the
:

'

'

'.

cheek-tufts of the
crest of the

Common

Houbara.

African species, which

"QJOl,

s.

It
is

Bustard might suggest ears as well as the

is however the Houbara, as the common

alluded to in Plutarch ap. Athen.

I.e.

WTOS.

Horned Owl,

Short-eared Owl, S/n'x hrachyotus

especially the

or Asio accipitrinus.
Arist.

H. A.

viii, 12,

587 b, mentioned along with opTvyojurjTpa and

Kvxpafios as a migratory bird, in connexion with the migration of the

quails.
Til

Further

(loc. dub.,

uiTa TTTepvyia 'ixcov' eVtoi

eari

8e Ko^aXos

Ka\

A. and W.)
8'

jjLifirjTrjs,

OaTepov tS)u drjpevTwv, Kadunep

6 S' o^tos op.oios Tais

avTov vvKTiKopaKa Kokova-iv

Ka).
tj

yXav^l Ka\ nepl

y\av^.

Cf. Arist. ap.

u>t6s taTi fxev Trnpofioios ttj yXavKi, ovk eaTL

Hesych.).

(cf.

dvTopxovp-evos dXtcrKfrni,

7Tepi(X66vTos

Athen.

8e vvKzepivos

ix.
.

390f

jj-eyedos

TvepKTTepas, k.t.X.

In Athen.
01

8e

crrdvTfs

ix.

390

avTcov

iTapa(TKevd(TavT(s

d,

a ridiculous story of

KarnvTiKpii

vTraXeicjioi'Tai

aXXa (papfxaKa KoXXrjTiKa

its

capture by mimicry

(papp-aKo)

6c{)daXpS)V

ov TToppo) iavTcdV iv XeKavla nais ^pax^MiS Tidenaiv'

01

tovs

d(p6aXfj,oi!S,

Kal fSXfCJidpcov, arrep

ovv mtol QeaypovjXivoL

TOVS VTTaXi(f)op.(Vovs to uiTO Kal atTol noiovaiv, eK tmu

Xe/cat'iSu)V

Xap.0d-

flTIZ iiTOZ
fJTOZ

201

continued^.

absurd version, ibid. 391 a

cf.
one easily taken in, a 'gull.'
Plin. X. (23) 33 Otus bubone minor est, noctuis maior, auribus plumeis
quidam Latine asionem vocant
eminentibus, unde et nomen illi
imitatrix avis ac parasita, et quodam genere saltatrix, &;c.
vovTii'

Pint.

KaL rnxeais aXiaKovrai.

Mor.

ii.

961 E.

Hence

less

coror,

Casaubon and

by Lidd. and Sc, state that Athenaeus

There is indeed a confusion in the text, due
to the interpolation in 360 d fjufMrjTiKov 8e ean, k.t.X., between two statements referring to wt/s- but the respective statements as to aros and
others, followed

confounds wtos with wtU:

uTis are correct.

The Short-eared Owl

(l)

as a migratory bird

is

(2)

indicated

in

the

following statements

as associated with the quails,

i.e.

a bird

of the open country; (3) as being diurnal and not nocturnal.

The
commentators have often fallen into error from ignorance of the habits

of the Short-eared

avem

Owl

e. g.

Gesner,

z'n

gallinis, de otide,

aut noctuae similem nullam migrare arbitror.'

species are, at least, partially migratory

Ital.,

cf.

[int. al.)

'

nocturnam

(Certain other
Giglioli, Avif.

1886, pp. 227, 228, &c.)

In Arist. H. A.

viii.

12,

and

in Plin. I.e. there

confusion with the Long-eared or

appears to be some
Owl, Strix otus, L.

Common Horned

ADDITIONAL NOTES
'AETO'I.
the following references, concerning the Eagle in connexion

Add

Nonn. Dion. xl. 523 ((peanov opvtv e\au]i, cf. ibid.

470 ibid. 493 ofjLuxpovov {s. ofioxpoou) opviv eXmtjs. The Eagle sacrificed
Add also the epithet x"P'^'') Lye. 260.
to Neptune, ibid. 494.
with the sacred Olive

'AHAQ'N.

Hesychius

among

states that 'At/Swj/

was a surname or

Athene

epithet of

The connexion between Athene and

Pamphylians.

the

Nightingale or the Adonis-myth,

lies

the

Athene

in the fact that

perhaps

or Minerva was associated, as for instance in the cylindrical zodiac of

the Louvre, with the sign and month of the vernal equinox. Just as

Adonis or Attis was, in like manner, a Spring-god and god of the

opening flowers Porph. ap. Euseb. P. E. iii. il, p. no et seq.
While I am still convinced" of a connexion between the attributes of
;

dT]8wi/

to

and the

veiled allusions to the mj'steries of Adonis,

admit that some of the minor arguments adduced by

are overstrained

of this hypothesis

given (pp. 13, 14) of Thuc.

Datilis, haov's, Duzi,

ii.

29,

am
in

inclined

support

particular the interpretation

in

me

and the suggested connexion between

'AAEKTPYii'N.
In preparing the article dXeKxpuoif,

De

Vi

Signific. Galli

et

in

neglected to consult Baethgen,

Relig. et Art. Gr. et

Romanorum,

Diss.

be found (among other

1887,
matters) a valuable account of monumental and numismatic representations of the Cock.
The Cock on coins of Himera (vide supra, p. 26) is traced by
Inaug.,

Getting.

Baethgen
Nr. 5747

(p. 35)

in

to

'Ao-fcXaTrio)

name

will

an association with Aesculapius

KOI 'l/ie'pa jTOTapa 6 Safjios

Head, Hist. Numorum,

TE'AAXOX, a

which paper

for the

cf.

2a)Ti]pa-iv.

p. 125.

Hoopoe

vide

s.

v.

jAaKeaiKpaeos.

C.

I.

Gr.

See also

ADDITIONAL NOTES

204

The

BnpKa7oi (vide supra, p. 49) are probably the BapKavioi

of Ctes.

ment-bd.

xi,

Tzetz. Chil.

vi. p.

i.

i,

82

cf. J.

(?

609, 1S93.

APYOKOAA'nJHZ.
The eastern legend

of the Woodpecker's imprisoned young

suggestive of the walled-up nest of the Hornbill, that one

tempted

Parsees)

Macquart, Philologus, Supple-

to suspect a

dim

tradition, far-travelled

concerning the extraordinary nesting-habits of the

is

is

so

almost

from Africa or India,

latter bird.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENXES
The

following works, in addition to the Natural Histories of Pliny,

Aelian, and Phile, are referred to merely under their authors'

AUBERT UND WiMMER.

Aristoteles'

Thierkunde, 2

1868 (especially Thiervet-zeichniss,

BiKELAS, O.

La nomenclature de

Erhard, Dr.
Kruper, Dr.

vol.

I.,

vols.

Leipzig,

pp. 77-113).

Faune Grecque.

la

Fauna der Cykladen.

names

Paris, 1879.

Leipzig, 1858.

Gehens und Kommens und des Briitens

der Vogel in Griechenland und lonien
in Mommsen's
Griechische Jahreszeiten, 1S75 (mit Citaten und Zusatzen
von Dr. Hartlaub).
Zeiten des

Lindermayer, Dr. A.

Die Vogel Griechenlands.

MiJHLE, H. VON der.

Beitrage

zur

Ornithologie

Passau, i860.

Griechenlands,

Leipzig, 1844.

SUNDEVALL,
It

is

C.

J.

Thierarten des Aristoteles.

perhaps desirable that

times in this book, quite with

scholars

student

Stockholm, 1863.

should point out that

my

have several

eyes open, quoted authors

whom

now look upon with distrust or even altogether reject. The

who is not ashamed to consult Creuzer, nor afraid to peep now

and then even into Bryant, will not only find there a great useless
mass of theories now deservedly repudiated, but will also find a great
store of curious learning and will be guided to many obscui^e sources
of useful knowledge.

ERRATA
Page

6, line '20,/or elai 7-ead ovras

24,/or Scut, read Sent.

20,

44;

5)

,,

45)

l^,Jbr dveKpayrj read

63,

21,

6,

/or

TTT0PTai

read

neruivTai
cit'aKpdyr]

Jbr nenKTTeverai read neTria-TevTni

For the detection of most of the above errors, and for infinite
final proofs of the whole book, I am indebted
to my friend Mr. W. Wyse.
I
must record my debt also, for the
like scholarly services, to Mr. P. Molyneux of the Clarendon Press.
Lastly, I must pay a debt which should have been acknowledged more
prominently than here, to Mrs. W. R. H. Valentine, of Dundee, for three
beautiful wood-cuts, the work of her hands.

kindness in reading the

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