Interpretation of Results

The main objective of Experiment 7 entitled Feedback Amplifier is to

demonstrate the two types of feedback amplifier, the series-feedback and shuntfeedback amplifier by analyzing the AC Gain and Frequency Response and to
familiarize with the circuits. Furthermore, it also aims to determine the effect of
feedback on the ac gain of an amplifier, to know the result of feedback on the upper
frequency response of an amplifier, to see the consequence of feedback on the lower
frequency response, and to realize the outcome of the feedback on the operating
bandwidth of an amplifier.
In Series-Feedback Amplifier, we obtained the operating dc voltages of Q1 and
observed the effect of series feedback. With regards to the effect of series feedback
on AC Gain, we measured the ac input and output voltages in without series feedback
and removing the emitter bypass and measured the ac voltages in with series
feedback. Furthermore, for the effect of Series Feedback on Frequency Response, we
reconnected the bypass capacitor and determine the lower and upper cut-off
frequency for without series feedback and removing again the bypass capacitor and
determined again the cut-off frequency for with series feedback. As the data results
shown, we observed that the component indicates that the amplifier uses a series
feedback is the emitter bypass capacitor. We also noted that the transistor is biased
properly due to the fact that the V BE=0.7V which indicated that the transistor is
operating at active condition. We observed also that the ac gain of an amplifier
decreases when series feedback is connected because the returning feedback signal
opposes the input signal. The amplifier with series feedback has the lower cut-off
frequency that an amplifier without series feedback but in terms of upper cut-off
frequency, that amplifier without series feedback has the higher cut-off frequency.
Lastly, we observed that the series feedback increases the operating bandwidth of
amplifier because it increases the frequency response of the amplifier.
In Shunt-Feedback Amplifier, just like the previous part, we measured the dc
voltages around Q1 and the effect of shunt feedback on AC Gain and on Frequency
Response. As the data results shown, the data showed that the part of circuit
indicates that the amplifier uses shunt-feedback is a resistor.

We noted that the

transistor is operating at active condition because the V BE is approximately 0.7V.

When the shunt feedback is employed, the shunt feedback decreases the AC gain of
an amplifier because the returning feedback signal opposes the input signal. We also
observed that the amplifier with shunt feedback has the lesser cut-off frequency. The
high frequency response of the amplifier is further increased by the shunt feedback.
The effect of shunt feedback increases the bandwidth of amplifier because the high
frequency response or the amplifier is also increases. We were able to measure the
cut-off frequencies by adjusting the frequency knob unit the output voltage is
obtained. The bandwidth can be calculated by subtracting the lower frequency to the
upper frequency cut-off.
Observing all the graphs between the series and shunt feedback amplifier, the
waveform of output ac voltage has phase reversal. We observed that in the voltage ac
input with series feedback amplitude is greater than in without series feedback to the
attenuated voltage output of 3 Vpk-pk. We observed also that the output voltage of
without shunt feedback amplitude is greater than in with shut feedback when the
input ac voltage is 220mVpk-pk.

Conclusion
After conducting the experiment, the following conclusions were gathered.
* Feedback means a portion of output signal is returned to the input.
* Characteristics like ac gain, frequency response, linearity and
impedance of amplifiers can be altered by applying feedback.
* Positive or regenerative feedback works for oscillator circuits.
* Negative or degenerative feedback is done to improve its overall
electrical characteristics.
* Negative feedback on amplifiers produces a more linear operation,
lesser noise and a better stabilized gain.
* With feedback, the upper cut-off frequency increases.
* With feedback, the lower cut-off frequency decreases.
* With feedback, the bandwidth is increased.
* The AC gain decreases when shunt feedback is applied.
* The AC gain decreases when series feedback is down.
* Series feedback is employed when there is no longer bypass
capacitor.
* Shunt feedback is employed when the resistor is connected
between R1 and the output

Sample Computation
Part 1. Series-Feedback Amplifier
Effect on AC Gain
Without Series Feedback:
9.92V

AC Gain = 3.04 V =3.26

With Series Feedback:

AC Gain =

9.36V
=3.12
3.00V

Effect on Frequency Response

Without Series Feedback:
Vo (Cut-Off) = Vo (Ref) * 0.707 = 3.08 V * 0.707 = 2.178
AC Gain (Cut-Off) =

3.08 V
=12.83
240 m V

Bandwidth = fU - fL = 41.6 kHz - 417 Hz = 41.18 kHz

With Series Feedback:
Vo (Cut-Off) = Vo (Ref) * 0.707 = 3.00 V * 0.707 = 2.121
AC Gain (Cut-Off) =

3.00 V
=4.29
700 m V

Bandwidth = fU - fL = 155.40 kHz - 517 Hz = 154.88 kHz

Part 2. Shunt-Feedback Amplifier

Effect on AC Gain
Without Series Feedback:
7.81 V

AC Gain = 248 m V =3 1.49

With Series Feedback:
1.06 V

AC Gain = 248 mV =4 .27

Effect on Frequency Response
Without Series Feedback:
Vo (Cut-Off) = Vo (Ref) * 0.707 = 7.8 V * 0.707 = 5.5146
AC Gain (Cut-Off) =

7.8V
=31.45
248 m V

Bandwidth = fU - fL = 47.63 kHz 345.56 Hz = 47.29 kHz

With Series Feedback:
Vo (Cut-Off) = Vo (Ref) * 0.707 = 3.08 V * 0.707 = 2.178
AC Gain (Cut-Off) =

3.08 V
=4.1397
744 mV

Bandwidth = fU - fL = 263.30 kHz 53.63 Hz = 263.24 kHz

Graphs and Curves

Figure 1. Signal Waveforms of Series-Feedback Amplifier

Figure 2. Signal Waveforms of Shunt-Feedback Amplifier